Benzene, 1-fluoro-3-methyl-
- Formula: C7H7F
- Molecular weight: 110.1289
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: BTQZKHUEUDPRST-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 352-70-5
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file - Other names: Toluene, m-fluoro-; m-Fluorotoluene; 1-Fluoro-3-methylbenzene; 3-Fluorotoluene; meta-Fluorotoluene; 1-Methyl-3-fluorobenzene; UN 2388; Toluene, 3-fluoro
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Phase change data
Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tboil | 389. to 390. | K | N/A | PCR Inc., 1990 | BS |
Tboil | 389.2 | K | N/A | Weast and Grasselli, 1989 | BS |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Tfus | 184.0 | K | N/A | Meva'a and Lichanot, 1990 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.4 K; TRC |
Tfus | 162.35 | K | N/A | Timmermans, 1921 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.3 K; TRC |
Enthalpy of vaporization
ΔvapH (kcal/mol) | Temperature (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
9.94 | 265. | N/A | Dykyj, Svoboda, et al., 1999 | Based on data from 250. to 390. K.; AC |
9.37 | 308. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 293. to 390. K. See also Potter and Saylor, 1951.; AC |
9.73 | 266. | N/A | Stull, 1947 | Based on data from 250. to 389. K.; AC |
Antoine Equation Parameters
log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
P = vapor pressure (atm)
T = temperature (K)
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Temperature (K) | A | B | C | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
250.8 to 389. | 4.32500 | 1501.055 | -42.329 | Stull, 1947 | Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data. |
Enthalpy of fusion
ΔfusH (kcal/mol) | Temperature (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
1.984 | 183.95 | N/A | Meva'a and Lichanot, 1990, 2 | DH |
2.0 | 184. | N/A | Domalski and Hearing, 1996 | AC |
1.51 | 185. | DSC | Ahmed and Eades, 1972 | AC |
Entropy of fusion
ΔfusS (cal/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
11. | 183.95 | Meva'a and Lichanot, 1990, 2 | DH |
Reaction thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: John E. Bartmess
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.
Individual Reactions
C7H6F- + =
By formula: C7H6F- + H+ = C7H7F
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 375.3 ± 2.1 | kcal/mol | G+TS | Caldwell and Bartmess | gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 368.2 ± 2.0 | kcal/mol | IMRE | Caldwell and Bartmess | gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale |
Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
View reactions leading to C7H7F+ (ion structure unspecified)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IE (evaluated) | 8.91 ± 0.01 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Proton affinity (review) | 187.7 | kcal/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Gas basicity | 180.7 | kcal/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Ionization energy determinations
IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
8.92 ± 0.01 | PI | Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962 | RDSH |
Appearance energy determinations
Ion | AE (eV) | Other Products | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C7H6F+ | 11.9 ± 0.1 | H | EI | Tait, Shannon, et al., 1962 | RDSH |
De-protonation reactions
C7H6F- + =
By formula: C7H6F- + H+ = C7H7F
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 375.3 ± 2.1 | kcal/mol | G+TS | Caldwell and Bartmess | gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 368.2 ± 2.0 | kcal/mol | IMRE | Caldwell and Bartmess | gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B |
IR Spectrum
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Gas Chromatography
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Packed | Squalane | 100. | 756. | Vernon and Edwards, 1975 | N2, DCMS-treated Celite; Column length: 1. m |
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Packed | Apiezon M | 778.0 | Jalali-Heravi and Garkani-Nejad, 1993 | Chromosorb W; Column length: 2. m; Program: not specified |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | OV-1 | 761.6 | Gautzsch and Zinn, 1996 | 8. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 300. C |
Packed | SE-30 | 774. | Peng, Ding, et al., 1988 | He, Supelcoport and Chromosorb, 40. C @ 4. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 60. min; Column length: 3.05 m |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | OV-101 | 99.6 | 783. | Tsvetkov, Nesterova, et al., 1987 |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | OV-101 | 769. | Zenkevich, 2005 | 25. m/0.20 mm/0.10 μm, N2/He, 6. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 769. | Zenkevich, 1995 | Program: not specified |
References
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
PCR Inc., 1990
PCR Inc.,
Research Chemicals Catalog 1990-1991, PCR Inc., Gainesville, FL, 1990, 1. [all data]
Weast and Grasselli, 1989
CRC Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds, 2nd Editon, Weast,R.C and Grasselli, J.G., ed(s)., CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 1989, 1. [all data]
Meva'a and Lichanot, 1990
Meva'a, L.M.; Lichanot, A.,
Thermodynamic properties in condensed phase of ortho, meta and para fluorotoluene, cresol and toluidine,
Thermochim. Acta, 1990, 158, 335. [all data]
Timmermans, 1921
Timmermans, J.,
The Freezing Points of Organic Substances IV. New Exp. Determinations,
Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 1921, 30, 62. [all data]
Dykyj, Svoboda, et al., 1999
Dykyj, J.; Svoboda, J.; Wilhoit, R.C.; Frenkel, M.L.; Hall, K.R.,
Vapor Pressure of Chemicals: Part A. Vapor Pressure and Antoine Constants for Hydrocarbons and Sulfur, Selenium, Tellurium and Hydrogen Containing Organic Compounds, Springer, Berlin, 1999, 373. [all data]
Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw,
Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2
. [all data]
Potter and Saylor, 1951
Potter, John C.; Saylor, John H.,
The Vapor Pressures and Freezing Points of Some Organic Fluorine Compounds 1,2,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1951, 73, 1, 90-91, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01145a032
. [all data]
Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R.,
Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds,
Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022
. [all data]
Meva'a and Lichanot, 1990, 2
Meva'a, L.M.; Lichanot, A.,
Proprietes thermodynamiques en phase condensee des ortho, meta et para fluorotoluene, cresol et toluidine,
Thermochim. Acta, 1990, 158, 335-345. [all data]
Domalski and Hearing, 1996
Domalski, Eugene S.; Hearing, Elizabeth D.,
Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase. Volume III,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1996, 25, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555985
. [all data]
Ahmed and Eades, 1972
Ahmed, A.M.I.; Eades, R.G.,
Proton magnetic relaxation in toluene and some derivatives,
J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 2, 1972, 68, 1623, https://doi.org/10.1039/f29726801623
. [all data]
Caldwell and Bartmess
Caldwell, G.; Bartmess, J.E.,
, Unpublished results. [all data]
Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G.,
Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018
. [all data]
Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962
Watanabe, K.; Nakayama, T.; Mottl, J.,
Ionization potentials of some molecules,
J. Quant. Spectry. Radiative Transfer, 1962, 2, 369. [all data]
Tait, Shannon, et al., 1962
Tait, J.M.S.; Shannon, T.W.; Harrison, A.G.,
The structure of substituted C7 ions from benzyl derivatives at the appearance potential threshold,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1962, 84, 4. [all data]
Vernon and Edwards, 1975
Vernon, F.; Edwards, G.T.,
Gas-liquid chromatography on fluorinated stationary phases. I. Hydrocarbons and fluorocarbons,
J. Chromatogr., 1975, 110, 1, 73-80, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)91212-3
. [all data]
Jalali-Heravi and Garkani-Nejad, 1993
Jalali-Heravi, M.; Garkani-Nejad, Z.,
Prediction of gas chromatographic retention indices of some benzene derivatives,
J. Chromatogr., 1993, 648, 2, 389-393, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(93)80421-4
. [all data]
Gautzsch and Zinn, 1996
Gautzsch, R.; Zinn, P.,
Use of incremental models to estimate the retention indexes of aromatic compounds,
Chromatographia, 1996, 43, 3/4, 163-176, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02292946
. [all data]
Peng, Ding, et al., 1988
Peng, C.T.; Ding, S.F.; Hua, R.L.; Yang, Z.C.,
Prediction of Retention Indexes I. Structure-Retention Index Relationship on Apolar Columns,
J. Chromatogr., 1988, 436, 137-172, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)94575-8
. [all data]
Tsvetkov, Nesterova, et al., 1987
Tsvetkov, V.S.; Nesterova, T.N.; Pimerzin, A.A.; Rohznov, A.M.,
Dependence of retention indices of alkyl fluorobenzenes on temperature and structure of sorbates, Abstr. IX All-Union Conference on Gas Chromatography, Kuibyshev State University, Kuibyshev, 1987, 308. [all data]
Zenkevich, 2005
Zenkevich, I.G.,
Experimentally measured retention indices., 2005. [all data]
Zenkevich, 1995
Zenkevich, I.G.,
Calculation of Gas-Chromatographic Retention Indices from Physico-Chemical Constants of Organic Compounds,
Z. Anal. Chem., 1995, 50, 10, 1048-1056. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References
- Symbols used in this document:
AE Appearance energy IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy Tboil Boiling point Tfus Fusion (melting) point ΔfusH Enthalpy of fusion ΔfusS Entropy of fusion ΔrG° Free energy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions ΔvapH Enthalpy of vaporization - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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