Cyclobutane

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Cp,gas (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
8.16250.Dorofeeva O.V., 1986Discrepancies between selected values and those calculated earlier [ Rathjens G.W., 1953] increase as the temperature increases and amount to 5.4 and 3.1 J/mol*K for S(1500 K) and Cp(1500 K), respectively.
9.128100.
10.11150.
11.67200.
15.35273.15
16.86 ± 0.36298.15
16.98300.
23.34400.
29.166500.
34.092600.
38.222700.
41.711800.
44.692900.
47.2441000.
49.4381100.
51.3291200.
52.9611300.
54.3741400.
55.5981500.

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δcliquid-650.2 ± 0.1kcal/molCcbKaarsemaker and Coops, 1952Corresponding Δfliquid = 0.72 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS
Δcliquid-650.22 ± 0.1kcal/molCcbCoops and Kaarsemaker, 1950Corresponding Δfliquid = 0.74 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
liquid41.862cal/mol*KN/ARathjens and Gwinn, 1953DH

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

Cp,liquid (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
25.411285.Rathjens and Gwinn, 1953T = 15 to 285 K.; DH

Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

C4H7- + Hydrogen cation = Cyclobutane

By formula: C4H7- + H+ = C4H8

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr417.4 ± 2.0kcal/molBranDePuy, Gronert, et al., 1989gas phase; B
Δr419.9 ± 2.0kcal/molBranPeerboom, Rademaker, et al., 1992gas phase; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr408.4 ± 2.1kcal/molH-TSDePuy, Gronert, et al., 1989gas phase; B
Δr410.9 ± 2.1kcal/molH-TSPeerboom, Rademaker, et al., 1992gas phase; B

2Ethylene = Cyclobutane

By formula: 2C2H4 = C4H8

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-20.7 ± 1.0kcal/molEqkQuick, Knecht, et al., 1972gas phase; At 750 K; ALS

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C4H8+ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
IE (evaluated)9.8 ± 0.1eVN/AN/AL

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
9.82 ± 0.05EIHolmes and Lossing, 1991LL
9.6 ± 0.1PEBieri, Burger, et al., 1977LLK
9.92 ± 0.05PERaymonda, 1972LLK
10.06EILossing, 1972LLK
≤10.3PIDoepker and Ausloos, 1966Personal communication from P. Natalis, B. Steiner, and M.G. Inghram; RDSH
10.7 ± 0.1PEBieri, Burger, et al., 1977Vertical value; LLK
10.7 ± 0.1PEBischof, Haselbach, et al., 1970Vertical value; RDSH

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
C2H2+16.8?EIHughes and Tiernan, 1969RDSH
C2H3+17.7?EIHughes and Tiernan, 1969RDSH
C2H4+11.0 ± 0.15?EIMeisels, Park, et al., 1970RDSH
C2H5+13.8?EIHughes and Tiernan, 1969RDSH
C3H3+14.8?EIHughes and Tiernan, 1969RDSH
C3H5+11.00CH3EILossing, 1972LLK
C4H6+11.2 ± 0.1H2EIHolmes, Weese, et al., 1977LLK
C4H7+10.91HEILossing, 1972LLK

De-protonation reactions

C4H7- + Hydrogen cation = Cyclobutane

By formula: C4H7- + H+ = C4H8

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr417.4 ± 2.0kcal/molBranDePuy, Gronert, et al., 1989gas phase; B
Δr419.9 ± 2.0kcal/molBranPeerboom, Rademaker, et al., 1992gas phase; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr408.4 ± 2.1kcal/molH-TSDePuy, Gronert, et al., 1989gas phase; B
Δr410.9 ± 2.1kcal/molH-TSPeerboom, Rademaker, et al., 1992gas phase; B

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Dorofeeva O.V., 1986
Dorofeeva O.V., Thermodynamic properties of twenty-one monocyclic hydrocarbons, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1986, 15, 437-464. [all data]

Rathjens G.W., 1953
Rathjens G.W., Jr., Infrared absorption spectra, structure and thermodynamic properties of cyclobutane, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1953, 75, 5634-5642. [all data]

Kaarsemaker and Coops, 1952
Kaarsemaker, S.; Coops, J., Thermal quantities of some cycloparaffins. Part III. Results of measurements, Rec. Trav. Chim. Pays/Bas, 1952, 71, 261. [all data]

Coops and Kaarsemaker, 1950
Coops, J.; Kaarsemaker, SJ., Heat of combustion of cyclobutane, Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas, 1950, 69, 1364. [all data]

Rathjens and Gwinn, 1953
Rathjens, G.W., Jr.; Gwinn, W.D., Heat capacities and entropy of cyclobutane, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1953, 75, 5629-5633. [all data]

DePuy, Gronert, et al., 1989
DePuy, C.H.; Gronert, S.; Barlow, S.E.; Bierbaum, V.M.; Damrauer, R., The Gas Phase Acidities of the Alkanes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1989, 111, 6, 1968, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00188a003 . [all data]

Peerboom, Rademaker, et al., 1992
Peerboom, R.A.L.; Rademaker, G.J.; Dekoning, L.J.; Nibbering, N.M.M., Stabilization of Cycloalkyl Carbanions in the Gas Phase, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 1992, 6, 6, 394, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290060608 . [all data]

Quick, Knecht, et al., 1972
Quick, L.M.; Knecht, D.A.; Back, M.H., Kinetics of the formation of cyclobutane from ethylene, Int. J. Chem. Kinet., 1972, 4, 61-68. [all data]

Holmes and Lossing, 1991
Holmes, J.L.; Lossing, F.P., Ionization energies of homologous organic compounds and correlation with molecular size, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1991, 26, 537. [all data]

Bieri, Burger, et al., 1977
Bieri, G.; Burger, F.; Heilbronner, E.; Maier, J.P., Valence ionization enrgies of hydrocarbons, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1977, 60, 2213. [all data]

Raymonda, 1972
Raymonda, J.W., Rydberg states in cyclic alkanes, J. Chem. Phys., 1972, 56, 3912. [all data]

Lossing, 1972
Lossing, F.P., Free radicals by mass spectrometry. XLV. Ionization potentials and heats of formation of C3H3, C3H5, and C4H7 radicals and ions, Can. J. Chem., 1972, 50, 3973. [all data]

Doepker and Ausloos, 1966
Doepker, R.D.; Ausloos, P., Gas-phase radiolysis of cyclobutane, J. Chem. Phys., 1966, 44, 1641. [all data]

Bischof, Haselbach, et al., 1970
Bischof, P.; Haselbach, E.; Heilbronner, E., Photoelectron spectrum of cyclobutane, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1970, 9, 953. [all data]

Hughes and Tiernan, 1969
Hughes, B.M.; Tiernan, T.O., Ionic reactions in gaseous cyclobutane, J. Chem. Phys., 1969, 51, 4373. [all data]

Meisels, Park, et al., 1970
Meisels, G.G.; Park, J.Y.; Giessner, B.G., Ionization and dissociation of C4H8 isomers, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1970, 92, 254. [all data]

Holmes, Weese, et al., 1977
Holmes, J.L.; Weese, G.M.; Blair, A.S.; Terlouw, J.K., Metastable ion studies IX-Thermochemistry and ion structures among fragmenting [C4H8]+ ions, an electron impact and field ionization investigation, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1977, 12, 424. [all data]


Notes

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