Norbornane
- Formula: C7H12
- Molecular weight: 96.1702
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: UMRZSTCPUPJPOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 279-23-2
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Other names: Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane; Cyclohexane, 1,4-endo-methylene-; Norbornylane; Norcamphane; Norfenchane; Norsantane; 1,4-Endomethylenecyclohexane
- Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
- Information on this page:
- Other data available:
- Data at other public NIST sites:
- Options:
Data at NIST subscription sites:
NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.
Gas phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔfH°gas | -54.9 ± 1.1 | kJ/mol | Ccb | An, Zhu, et al., 1987 | ALS |
ΔfH°gas | -54.7 ± 4.7 | kJ/mol | Ccb | Steele, 1978 | Reanalyzed by Pedley, Naylor, et al., 1986, Original value = -61.6 ± 3.4 kJ/mol; ALS |
ΔfH°gas | -52.0 | kJ/mol | N/A | Boyd, Sanwal, et al., 1971 | Value computed using ΔfHsolid° value of -92.1±2.2 kj/mol from Boyd, Sanwal, et al., 1971 and ΔsubH° value of 40.1 kj/mol from An, Zhu, et al., 1987.; DRB |
ΔfH°gas | -52.0 | kJ/mol | N/A | Bedford, Beezer, et al., 1963 | Value computed using ΔfHsolid° value of -92.1±2.7 kj/mol from Bedford, Beezer, et al., 1963 and ΔsubH° value of 40.1 kj/mol from An, Zhu, et al., 1987.; DRB |
Constant pressure heat capacity of gas
Cp,gas (J/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
120.08 | 298.15 | Walsh R., 1975 | Selected value of S(298.15 K) is in good agreement with that calculated by force field method [ Boyd R.H., 1971, Lenz T.G., 1989]. Discrepancy with S(500 K) [ Boyd R.H., 1971] amounts to 8.9 J/mol*K. Discrepancies between Cp(T) values calculated by [ Boyd R.H., 1971] and given here amount to 10.7-12.7 J/mol*K in the temperature range 298.15-500 K.; GT |
121.00 | 300. | ||
169.62 | 400. | ||
211.21 | 500. | ||
245.14 | 600. | ||
272.92 | 700. | ||
296.06 | 800. | ||
315.56 | 900. | ||
332.17 | 1000. |
Phase change data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tboil | 381. | K | N/A | Desty and Whyman, 1957 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 3. K; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Tfus | 360. | K | N/A | Burwell, Shim, et al., 1957 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 2. K; TRC |
Tfus | 360.9 | K | N/A | Birch and Dean, 1954 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 1.5 K; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔsubH° | 41. ± 5. | kJ/mol | AVG | N/A | Average of 8 values; Individual data points |
Enthalpy of sublimation
ΔsubH (kJ/mol) | Temperature (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
40.3 ± 0.4 | 293. | GS | Verevkin and Emel'yanenko, 2004 | Based on data from 278. to 308. K.; AC |
40.0 ± 0.8 | 305. | TSGC | Clark, Knox, et al., 1975 | Based on data from 284. to 326. K.; AC |
40.1 ± 0.84 | 284. | V | Boyd, Sanwal, et al., 1971 | ALS |
Enthalpy of fusion
ΔfusH (kJ/mol) | Temperature (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
4.45 | 360.8 | DSC | Verevkin and Emel'yanenko, 2004 | AC |
Reaction thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.
Individual Reactions
By formula: H2 + C7H10 = C7H12
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -137. ± 0.4 | kJ/mol | Chyd | Doering, Roth, et al., 1988 | gas phase |
ΔrH° | -141.5 ± 1.2 | kJ/mol | Chyd | Rogers, Choi, et al., 1980 | liquid phase; solvent: Hexane; Author was aware that data differs from previously reported values |
ΔrH° | -138.6 ± 0.88 | kJ/mol | Chyd | Turner, Meador, et al., 1957 | liquid phase; solvent: Acetic acid |
By formula: C7H8 + 2H2 = C7H12
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -296. ± 1. | kJ/mol | Chyd | Doering, Roth, et al., 1988 | gas phase |
ΔrH° | -291.9 ± 1.5 | kJ/mol | Chyd | Rogers, Choi, et al., 1980 | liquid phase; solvent: Hexane |
ΔrH° | -285.0 ± 1.7 | kJ/mol | Chyd | Turner, Meador, et al., 1957 | liquid phase; solvent: Acetic acid |
By formula: H2 + C7H10 = C7H12
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -130. ± 0.8 | kJ/mol | Chyd | Flury, Grob, et al., 1988 | liquid phase; solvent: Isooctane |
ΔrH° | -136.3 ± 2.2 | kJ/mol | Chyd | Rogers, Choi, et al., 1980 | liquid phase; solvent: Hexane; Author was aware that data differs from previously reported values |
By formula: 2H2 + C7H8 = C7H12
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -384.7 ± 1.8 | kJ/mol | Chyd | Rogers, Choi, et al., 1980 | liquid phase; solvent: Hexane |
ΔrH° | -385.1 ± 2.1 | kJ/mol | Chyd | Turner, Goebel, et al., 1968 | liquid phase; solvent: Acetic acid |
By formula: H2 + C7H10 = C7H12
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -220. ± 0.8 | kJ/mol | Chyd | Flury, Grob, et al., 1988 | liquid phase; solvent: Isooctane |
Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
View reactions leading to C7H12+ (ion structure unspecified)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IE (evaluated) | 9.77 ± 0.03 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Ionization energy determinations
IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
9.74 | PE | Demeo and Yencha, 1970 | RDSH |
9.80 | PE | Bodor, Dewar, et al., 1970 | RDSH |
9.93 ± 0.02 | EI | Winters and Collins, 1968 | RDSH |
10.2 | PE | Heilbronner and Martin, 1972 | Vertical value; LLK |
10.15 | PE | Bischof, Heilbronner, et al., 1971 | Vertical value; LLK |
Appearance energy determinations
Ion | AE (eV) | Other Products | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C3H3+ | 14.03 ± 0.09 | ? | EI | Winters and Collins, 1968 | RDSH |
C3H5+ | 13.22 ± 0.12 | ? | EI | Winters and Collins, 1968 | RDSH |
C4H5+ | 13.44 ± 0.11 | ? | EI | Winters and Collins, 1968 | RDSH |
C4H6+ | 11.12 ± 0.03 | ? | EI | Winters and Collins, 1968 | RDSH |
C4H7+ | 10.60 ± 0.10 | ? | EI | Winters and Collins, 1968 | RDSH |
C5H7+ | 10.60 ± 0.10 | C2H5 | EI | Winters and Collins, 1968 | RDSH |
C5H8+ | 10.30 ± 0.07 | C2H4 | EI | Winters and Collins, 1968 | RDSH |
C6H9+ | 10.17 ± 0.06 | CH3 | EI | Winters and Collins, 1968 | RDSH |
IR Spectrum
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Gas Phase Spectrum
Notice: This spectrum may be better viewed with a Javascript and HTML 5 enabled browser.
Notice: Concentration information is not available for this spectrum and, therefore, molar absorptivity values cannot be derived.
Additional Data
View image of digitized spectrum (can be printed in landscape orientation).
View spectrum image in SVG format.
Download spectrum in JCAMP-DX format.
Owner | NIST Standard Reference Data Program Collection (C) 2018 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. |
---|---|
Origin | NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center |
State | gas |
Instrument | HP-GC/MS/IRD |
Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Spectrum
Notice: This spectrum may be better viewed with a Javascript and HTML 5 enabled browser.
Additional Data
View image of digitized spectrum (can be printed in landscape orientation).
Due to licensing restrictions, this spectrum cannot be downloaded.
Owner | NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. |
---|---|
Origin | Japan AIST/NIMC Database- Spectrum MS-NW-9198 |
NIST MS number | 235491 |
Gas Chromatography
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Squalane | 50. | 748.7 | Bajus, Veselý, et al., 1979 | Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Capillary | Squalane | 70. | 752.9 | Bajus, Veselý, et al., 1979 | Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Capillary | Squalane | 40. | 745.2 | Stopp, Engewald, et al., 1978 | Column length: 70. m; Column diameter: 0.23 mm |
Packed | SE-30 | 140. | 748. | Heintz, Gruselle, et al., 1976 | Chromosorb W (60-80 mesh); Column length: 2. m |
Packed | Squalane | 27. | 742. | Hively and Hinton, 1968 | He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Packed | Squalane | 49. | 747. | Hively and Hinton, 1968 | He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Packed | Squalane | 67. | 754. | Hively and Hinton, 1968 | He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Packed | Squalane | 86. | 759. | Hively and Hinton, 1968 | He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Packed | Squalane | 150. | 777. | Schomburg, 1964 |
Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Packed | Carbowax 20M | 140. | 860. | Heintz, Gruselle, et al., 1976 | Chromosorb W (60-80 mesh); Column length: 2. m |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | DB-5 | 756.3 | Xu, van Stee, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 2.5 K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
An, Zhu, et al., 1987
An, X-W.; Zhu, H-P.; Hu, R-H.,
Heats of combustion and formation of norbornane,
Thermochim. Acta, 1987, 121, 473-477. [all data]
Steele, 1978
Steele, W.V.,
The standard enthalpies of formation of a series of C7, bridged-ring hydrocarbons: norbornane, norbornene, nortricyclene, norbornadiene, and quadricyclane,
J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1978, 10, 919-927. [all data]
Pedley, Naylor, et al., 1986
Pedley, J.B.; Naylor, R.D.; Kirby, S.P.,
Thermochemical Data of Organic Compounds, Chapman and Hall, New York, 1986, 1-792. [all data]
Boyd, Sanwal, et al., 1971
Boyd, R.H.; Sanwal, S.N.; Shary-Tehrany, S.; McNally, D.,
The thermochemistry, thermodynamic functions, and molecular structures of some cyclic hydrocarbons,
J. Phys. Chem., 1971, 75, 1264-1271. [all data]
Bedford, Beezer, et al., 1963
Bedford, A.F.; Beezer, A.E.; Mortimer, C.T.; Springall, H.D.,
Heats of combustion and molecular structure. Part IX. Bicylo[2,2,1]heptane, 7-oxabicyclo[2,2,1]heptane, and exo- and endo-2-methyl-7-oxabicyclo[2,2,1]heptane,
J. Chem. Soc., 1963, 3823-3828. [all data]
Walsh R., 1975
Walsh R.,
The enthalpy of formation of bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene. Thermodynamic functions of bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane and bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene,
J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1975, 7, 149-154. [all data]
Boyd R.H., 1971
Boyd R.H.,
The thermochemistry, thermodynamic functions, and molecular structures of some cyclic hydrocarbons,
J. Phys. Chem., 1971, 75, 1264-1271. [all data]
Lenz T.G., 1989
Lenz T.G.,
Force-field calculations giving accurate conformation, Hf(T), S(T), and Cp(T) for unsaturated acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbons,
J. Phys. Chem., 1989, 93, 1588-1592. [all data]
Desty and Whyman, 1957
Desty, D.H.; Whyman, B.H.F.,
Anal. Chem., 1957, 29, 320. [all data]
Burwell, Shim, et al., 1957
Burwell, R.L.; Shim, B.K.C.; Rowlinson, H.C.,
The Exchange between Hydrocarbons and Deuterium on Plladium Catalysts,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1957, 79, 5142. [all data]
Birch and Dean, 1954
Birch, S.F.; Dean, R.A.,
A Ring Clousre Reaction by Desulfurization with Raney Nickel,
Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem., 1954, 585, 234. [all data]
Verevkin and Emel'yanenko, 2004
Verevkin, Sergey P.; Emel'yanenko, Vladimir N.,
Enthalpy of Formation and Strain of Norbornane from Thermochemical Measurements and from ab Initio Calculations,
J. Phys. Chem. A, 2004, 108, 31, 6575-6580, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0490554
. [all data]
Clark, Knox, et al., 1975
Clark, Timothy; Knox, Trevor; Mackle, Henry; McKervey, M. Anthony; Rooney, John J.,
Heats of sublimation of some cage hydrocarbons by a temperature scanning technique,
J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1, 1975, 71, 0, 2107, https://doi.org/10.1039/f19757102107
. [all data]
Doering, Roth, et al., 1988
Doering, W.E.; Roth, W.R.; Breuckmann, R.; Figge, L.; Lennartz, H.-W.; Fessner, W.-D.; Prinzbach, F.H.,
Verbotene Reaktionen. - [2 + 2]-Cycloreversion starrer Cyclobutane,
Chem. Ber., 1988, 121, 1-9. [all data]
Rogers, Choi, et al., 1980
Rogers, D.W.; Choi, L.S.; Girellini, R.S.,
Heats of hydrogenation and formation of quadricyclene, norbornadiene, norbornene, and nortricyclene,
J. Phys. Chem., 1980, 84, 1810-1814. [all data]
Turner, Meador, et al., 1957
Turner, R.B.; Meador, W.R.; Winkler, R.E.,
Heats of hydrogenation. I. Apparatus and the heats of hydrogenation of bicyclo[2,2,1]heptene, bicyclo[2,2,1]heptadiene, bicyclo[2,2,2]octene and bicyclo[2,2,2]octadiene,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1957, 79, 4116-4121. [all data]
Flury, Grob, et al., 1988
Flury, P.; Grob, C.A.; Wang, G.Y.; Lennatz, H.-W.; Roth, W.R.,
113. Norbornanes. Bridging strain in norbornyl and oxanorbornyl cations,
Helv. Chim. Acta, 1988, 71, 1017-1024. [all data]
Turner, Goebel, et al., 1968
Turner, R.B.; Goebel, P.; Mallon, B.J.; Doering, W.E.; Coburn, J.F., Jr.; Pomerantz, M.,
Heats of hydrogenation. VIII. Compounds with three- and four-membered rings,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1968, 90, 4315-4322. [all data]
Demeo and Yencha, 1970
Demeo, D.A.; Yencha, A.J.,
Photoelectron spectra of bicyclic and exocyclic olefins,
J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 53, 4536. [all data]
Bodor, Dewar, et al., 1970
Bodor, N.; Dewar, M.J.S.; Worley, S.D.,
Photoelectron spectra of molecules. III. Ionization potentials of some cyclic hydrocarbons and their derivatives, and heats of formation and ionization potentials calculated by the MINDO SCF MO method,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1970, 92, 19. [all data]
Winters and Collins, 1968
Winters, R.E.; Collins, J.H.,
Mass spectrometric studies of structural isomers. I. Mono- and bicyclic C7H12 molecules,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1968, 90, 1235. [all data]
Heilbronner and Martin, 1972
Heilbronner, E.; Martin, H.D.,
The π-orbital sequence in norbornadiene and related hydrocarbons,
Helv. Chim. Acta, 1972, 55, 1490. [all data]
Bischof, Heilbronner, et al., 1971
Bischof, P.; Heilbronner, E.; Prinzbach, H.; Martin, H.D.,
A photoelectron-spectroscopic investigation of the homoconjugative interaction between π- and Walsh-orbitals in endo- and exo- cyclopropano-norbornene,
Helv. Chim. Acta, 1971, 54, 1072. [all data]
Bajus, Veselý, et al., 1979
Bajus, M.; Veselý, V.; Leclercq, P.A.; Rijks, J.A.,
Steam cracking of hydrocarbons. 2. Pyrolysis of methylcyclohexane,
Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 1979, 18, 2, 135-142, https://doi.org/10.1021/i360070a012
. [all data]
Stopp, Engewald, et al., 1978
Stopp, I.; Engewald, W.; Kühn, H.; Welsch, Th.,
Molekülstruktur und retentionsverhalten. VIII. Zum gaschromatographischen retentionsverhalten von dicyclopentadienderivaten,
J. Chromatogr., 1978, 147, 21-30, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)85113-4
. [all data]
Heintz, Gruselle, et al., 1976
Heintz, M.; Gruselle, M.; Druilhe, A.; Lefort, D.,
Relations entre structure chimique et données de rétention en chromatographie en phase gaseuse. VI. Alcools et esters méthyliques de structures cycliques,
Chromatographia, 1976, 9, 8, 367-372, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02330385
. [all data]
Hively and Hinton, 1968
Hively, R.A.; Hinton, R.E.,
Variation of the retention index with temperature on squalane substrates,
J. Gas Chromatogr., 1968, 6, 4, 203-217, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/6.4.203
. [all data]
Schomburg, 1964
Schomburg, G.,
Gas-Chromatographische Retentionsdaten und Struktur Chemischer Verbindungen. I. Verzweigte Aliphatische und Alicyclische Carbonsäure-Methylester,
J. Chromatogr., 1964, 14, 157-177, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)86608-X
. [all data]
Xu, van Stee, et al., 2003
Xu, X.; van Stee, L.L.P.; Williams, J.; Beens, J.; Adahchour, M.; Vreuls, R.J.J.; Brinkman, U.A.Th.; Lelieveld, J.,
Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) measurements of volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2003, 3, 3, 665-682, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-665-2003
. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References
- Symbols used in this document:
AE Appearance energy Cp,gas Constant pressure heat capacity of gas IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy Tboil Boiling point Tfus Fusion (melting) point ΔfH°gas Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions ΔfusH Enthalpy of fusion ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions ΔsubH Enthalpy of sublimation ΔsubH° Enthalpy of sublimation at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
- The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
- Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.