Dipotassium


Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas123.68kJ/molReviewChase, 1998Data last reviewed in December, 1983
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
gas,1 bar249.71J/mol*KReviewChase, 1998Data last reviewed in December, 1983

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

Cp° = A + B*t + C*t2 + D*t3 + E/t2
H° − H°298.15= A*t + B*t2/2 + C*t3/3 + D*t4/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t2/2 + D*t3/3 − E/(2*t2) + G
    Cp = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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View table.

Temperature (K) 298. to 1300.1300. to 6000.
A 22.6587931.01331
B 53.55520-5.786221
C -56.326681.157994
D 16.00840-0.078852
E 0.34951512.42895
F 116.1901134.1629
G 265.4874307.2290
H 123.6832123.6832
ReferenceChase, 1998Chase, 1998
Comment Data last reviewed in December, 1983 Data last reviewed in December, 1983

Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

K8+ + Dipotassium = (K8+ • Dipotassium)

By formula: K8+ + K2 = (K8+ • K2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr84.9kJ/molPDissBrechignac, Cahuzac, et al., 1990gas phase

K9+ + Dipotassium = (K9+ • Dipotassium)

By formula: K9+ + K2 = (K9+ • K2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr53.1kJ/molPDissBrechignac, Cahuzac, et al., 1990gas phase

K11+ + Dipotassium = (K11+ • Dipotassium)

By formula: K11+ + K2 = (K11+ • K2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr65.7kJ/molPDissBrechignac, Cahuzac, et al., 1990gas phase

K13+ + Dipotassium = (K13+ • Dipotassium)

By formula: K13+ + K2 = (K13+ • K2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr68.6kJ/molPDissBrechignac, Cahuzac, et al., 1990gas phase

K3+ + Dipotassium = (K3+ • Dipotassium)

By formula: K3+ + K2 = (K3+ • K2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr66.5kJ/molPDissBrechignac, Cahuzac, et al., 1990gas phase

K4+ + Dipotassium = (K4+ • Dipotassium)

By formula: K4+ + K2 = (K4+ • K2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr57.7kJ/molPDissBrechignac, Cahuzac, et al., 1990gas phase

K6+ + Dipotassium = (K6+ • Dipotassium)

By formula: K6+ + K2 = (K6+ • K2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr79.9kJ/molPDissBrechignac, Cahuzac, et al., 1990gas phase

K5+ + Dipotassium = (K5+ • Dipotassium)

By formula: K5+ + K2 = (K5+ • K2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr76.1kJ/molPDissBrechignac, Cahuzac, et al., 1990gas phase

K7+ + Dipotassium = (K7+ • Dipotassium)

By formula: K7+ + K2 = (K7+ • K2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr90.8kJ/molPDissBrechignac, Cahuzac, et al., 1990gas phase

K10+ + Dipotassium = (K10+ • Dipotassium)

By formula: K10+ + K2 = (K10+ • K2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr59.0kJ/molPDissBrechignac, Cahuzac, et al., 1990gas phase

K12+ + Dipotassium = (K12+ • Dipotassium)

By formula: K12+ + K2 = (K12+ • K2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr68.6kJ/molPDissBrechignac, Cahuzac, et al., 1990gas phase

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Ion clustering data, Constants of diatomic molecules, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
IE (evaluated)4.062 ± 0.0015eVN/AN/AL

Electron affinity determinations

EA (eV) Method Reference Comment
0.497 ± 0.012LPESEaton, Sarkas, et al., 1992Vertical Detachment Energy: 0.550±0.010 eV.; B
0.493 ± 0.012LPESMcHugh, Eaton, et al., 1989Vertical Detachment Energy: 0.550±0.010 eV; B

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
4.0637 ± 0.0002PIKappes, Radi, et al., 1985LBLHLM
4.0637 ± 0.0003PIBroyer, Chevaleyre, et al., 1985LBLHLM
4.06075 ± 0.00015LSLeutwyler, Hofmann, et al., 1981LLK
4.059 ± 0.001LSHerrmann, Schumacher, et al., 1978LLK
4.0607 ± 0.0001PIHerrmann, Schumacher, et al., 1978LLK
4.05 ± 0.05PIHerrmann, Schumacher, et al., 1978LLK
4.059 ± 0.001PIHerrmann, Leutwyler, et al., 1978LLK
3.9EIZmbov, Wu, et al., 1977LLK
4.0 ± 0.1PIFoster, Leckenby, et al., 1969RDSH
~4.1SRobertson and Barrow, 1961RDSH

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
K+4.85KPIHerrmann, Leutwyler, et al., 1978LLK

Ion clustering data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Constants of diatomic molecules, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

K3+ + Dipotassium = (K3+ • Dipotassium)

By formula: K3+ + K2 = (K3+ • K2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr66.5kJ/molPDissBrechignac, Cahuzac, et al., 1990gas phase

K4+ + Dipotassium = (K4+ • Dipotassium)

By formula: K4+ + K2 = (K4+ • K2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr57.7kJ/molPDissBrechignac, Cahuzac, et al., 1990gas phase

K5+ + Dipotassium = (K5+ • Dipotassium)

By formula: K5+ + K2 = (K5+ • K2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr76.1kJ/molPDissBrechignac, Cahuzac, et al., 1990gas phase

K6+ + Dipotassium = (K6+ • Dipotassium)

By formula: K6+ + K2 = (K6+ • K2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr79.9kJ/molPDissBrechignac, Cahuzac, et al., 1990gas phase

K7+ + Dipotassium = (K7+ • Dipotassium)

By formula: K7+ + K2 = (K7+ • K2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr90.8kJ/molPDissBrechignac, Cahuzac, et al., 1990gas phase

K8+ + Dipotassium = (K8+ • Dipotassium)

By formula: K8+ + K2 = (K8+ • K2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr84.9kJ/molPDissBrechignac, Cahuzac, et al., 1990gas phase

K9+ + Dipotassium = (K9+ • Dipotassium)

By formula: K9+ + K2 = (K9+ • K2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr53.1kJ/molPDissBrechignac, Cahuzac, et al., 1990gas phase

K10+ + Dipotassium = (K10+ • Dipotassium)

By formula: K10+ + K2 = (K10+ • K2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr59.0kJ/molPDissBrechignac, Cahuzac, et al., 1990gas phase

K11+ + Dipotassium = (K11+ • Dipotassium)

By formula: K11+ + K2 = (K11+ • K2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr65.7kJ/molPDissBrechignac, Cahuzac, et al., 1990gas phase

K12+ + Dipotassium = (K12+ • Dipotassium)

By formula: K12+ + K2 = (K12+ • K2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr68.6kJ/molPDissBrechignac, Cahuzac, et al., 1990gas phase

K13+ + Dipotassium = (K13+ • Dipotassium)

By formula: K13+ + K2 = (K13+ • K2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr68.6kJ/molPDissBrechignac, Cahuzac, et al., 1990gas phase

Constants of diatomic molecules

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Klaus P. Huber and Gerhard H. Herzberg

Data collected through January, 1977

Symbols used in the table of constants
SymbolMeaning
State electronic state and / or symmetry symbol
Te minimum electronic energy (cm-1)
ωe vibrational constant – first term (cm-1)
ωexe vibrational constant – second term (cm-1)
ωeye vibrational constant – third term (cm-1)
Be rotational constant in equilibrium position (cm-1)
αe rotational constant – first term (cm-1)
γe rotation-vibration interaction constant (cm-1)
De centrifugal distortion constant (cm-1)
βe rotational constant – first term, centrifugal force (cm-1)
re internuclear distance (Å)
Trans. observed transition(s) corresponding to electronic state
ν00 position of 0-0 band (units noted in table)
Diatomic constants for 39K2
StateTeωeωexeωeyeBeαeγeDeβereTrans.ν00
Unidentified diffuse emission bands, 17460 - 17840 cm-1.
Rebbeck and Vaughan, 1971
Diffuse bands close to lines of the principal series of K; fragments of additional systems.
Kuhn, 1932; Chakraborti, 1937; Okuda, 1936
G 28091 64.90 1 H 0.55        G ← X R 28077 H
Yoshinaga, 1937
F 27571 62.29 1 H 0.24        F ← X R 27556 H
Yoshinaga, 1937
StateTeωeωexeωeyeBeαeγeDeβereTrans.ν00
E 26494.0 61.8 2 H 0.28        E ← X R 26478.9 H
Yoshinaga, 1937; Sinha, 1950
D 24627.7 61.60 H 0.90 3 0.0010       D ← X R 24612.3 H
Sinha, 1948
C 1Πu 22969.43 61.485 Z 0.133  0.04404 0.00011 3E-6   4.433 C ← X R 22954.20 Z
Yamamoto, 1929; Sinha, 1948; Robertson and Barrow, 1961
B 1Πu 15376.74 75.00 0.3876 4 4.366E-3 0.048763 5 0.00024  8.25E-8  4.2125 B 6 ↔ X 7 R 15368.20 Z
Loomis, 1931; Loomis and Nusbaum, 1932; Tango, Link, et al., 1968
StateTeωeωexeωeyeBeαeγeDeβereTrans.ν00
A 1Σu+ 11681.9 69.09 H 0.153  8      A ↔ X R 11670.5 H
Crane and Christy, 1930; Sorokin and Lankard, 1971
a 3Σu+Not observed; scattering calculations predict a very shallow potential minimum at ~8.7 Å.
Geittner, 1975
X 1Σg+ 0 92.021 Z 0.2829 9 -2.055E-3 0.056743 0.000165 10  8.63E-8  3.9051 11  
Kusch, Millman, et al., 1939; Logan, Cote, et al., 1952; Brooks, Anderson, et al., 1963

Notes

1Analysis by Yoshinaga, 1937; not confirmed by Sinha, 1950.
2Average of the constants obtained by Yoshinaga, 1937, Sinha, 1950.
3ωeze = -0.00030; convergence at 25590.
4ωeze = -0.0001830; vibrational constants for v'≤ 25 from low-resolution magnetic rotation spectra. Higher vibrational levels converge rapidly at 17160 cm-1 above X 1Σg+, v=0. Te is from the analysis of high-resolution laser-induced fluorescence spectra Tango, Link, et al., 1968.
5Recalculated by Tango, Link, et al., 1968, from the data of Loomis, 1931.
6Radiative lifetime τ(v = 6,7,8) = 12.4 ns Tango and Zare, 1970; Baumgartner, Demtroder, et al., 1970 measured 9.7 ns.
7Absorption cross sections Lapp and Harris, 1966.
8A complex magnetic rotation spectrum has been observed which may be due to perturbations of A 1Σu+ by an unidentified 3Π state Carroll, 1937.
9Vibrational and rotational constants from the laser-induced B ≥ X fluorescence spectrum Tango, Link, et al., 1968.
10αv= -7.2E-6(v+1/2)2 + 1.5E-7(v+1/2)3. See 9.
11Mol. beam magn. reson. 14
12From the convergence limit of B 1Πu. Thermochemical value [ Lewis, 1931, recalculated Loomis and Nusbaum, 1932] 0.56 eV.
13Photoionization of K2 Foster, Leckenby, et al., 1969; in agreement with limits (3.57 ≤ I.P. ≤ 4.11 eV) obtained from chemi-ionization thresholds Lee and Mahan, 1965, Williams, 1967, Robertson and Barrow, 1961 estimate 4.09 eV.
14gJ = 0.02163 μN Brooks, Anderson, et al., 1963. For NMR spectrum and potassium eqQ see Kusch, Millman, et al., 1939, Logan, Cote, et al., 1952.
15From D00(K2) + I.P.(K) - I.P.(K2). The experimentally observed limits (photoionization of potassium vapor, are 0.74 eV ≤ D00 ≤ 1.27 eV Williams, 1967. Theoretical calculations Bellomonte, Cavaliere, et al., 1974 give l eV.
16Theoretical calculations Bellomonte, Cavaliere, et al., 1974.

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Constants of diatomic molecules, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr., NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]

Brechignac, Cahuzac, et al., 1990
Brechignac, C.; Cahuzac, P.; Carlier, F.; De Frutos, M.; Leyniger, J., Cohesive Energies of (K)n+ 5<n<200 from Photoevaporation Experiments, J. Chem. Phys., 1990, 93, 10, 7449, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.459418 . [all data]

Eaton, Sarkas, et al., 1992
Eaton, J.G.; Sarkas, H.W.; Arnold, S.T.; Mchugh, K.M.; Bowen, K.H., Negative Ion Photoelectron Spectroscopy of the Heteronuclear Alkali-Metal Dimer and Trimer Anions - NaK-, KRb-, RbCS-, KCs-, Na2K-, and K2Cs, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1992, 193, 1-3, 141, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(92)85697-9 . [all data]

McHugh, Eaton, et al., 1989
McHugh, K.M.; Eaton, J.G.; Lee, G.H.; Sarkas, H.W.; Kidder, L.H.; Snodgrass, J.T.; Manaa, M.R.; Bowen, K.H., Photoelectron Spectra of the alkali metal cluster Anions: Na-,n=2-5, K-,n=2-7, Rb-,n=2-3, and Cs-,n=2-3, J. Chem. Phys., 1989, 91, 6, 3792, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.456861 . [all data]

Kappes, Radi, et al., 1985
Kappes, M.M.; Radi, P.; Schar, M.; Schumacher, E., Photoionization measurements on dialkali monohalides generated in supersonic nozzle beams, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1985, 113, 243. [all data]

Broyer, Chevaleyre, et al., 1985
Broyer, M.; Chevaleyre, J.; Delacretaz, G.; Fayet, P.; Woste, L., One- and two-photon ionization of alkaline clusters, Surf. Sci., 1985, 156, 342. [all data]

Leutwyler, Hofmann, et al., 1981
Leutwyler, S.; Hofmann, M.; Harri, H.-P.; Schumacher, E., The adiabatic ionization potentials of the alkali dimers Na2, NaK and K2, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1981, 77, 257. [all data]

Herrmann, Schumacher, et al., 1978
Herrmann, A.; Schumacher, E.; Woste, L., Preparation and photoionization potentials of molecules of sodium, potassium and mixed atoms, J. Chem. Phys., 1978, 68, 2327. [all data]

Herrmann, Leutwyler, et al., 1978
Herrmann, A.; Leutwyler, S.; Schumacher, E.; Woste, L., 38. On metal-atom clusters IV. Photoionization thresholds and multiphoton ionization spectra of alkali-metal molecules, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1978, 61, 453. [all data]

Zmbov, Wu, et al., 1977
Zmbov, K.F.; Wu, C.H.; Ihle, H.R., A mass spectrometric study of heteronuclear diatomic alkali metal molecules. Dissociation energies ionization potentials of NaLi, KLi, NaK, J. Chem. Phys., 1977, 67, 4603. [all data]

Foster, Leckenby, et al., 1969
Foster, P.J.; Leckenby, R.E.; Robbins, E.J., The ionization potentials of clustered alkali metal atoms, J. Phys. B:, 1969, 2, 478. [all data]

Robertson and Barrow, 1961
Robertson, E.W.; Barrow, R.F., Rotational analysis oi the C1πu-X1+g system of K2, and the ionisation potential of K2, Proc. Chem. Soc., 1961, 329. [all data]

Rebbeck and Vaughan, 1971
Rebbeck, M.M.; Vaughan, J.M., Unidentified diffuse bands in the spectrum of potassium, J. Phys. B:, 1971, 4, 258. [all data]

Kuhn, 1932
Kuhn, H., Uber spektren von unecht gebundenen molekulen (polarisationsmolekulen) K2, Na2, Cs2 und verbreiterung von absorptionslinien, Z. Phys., 1932, 76, 782. [all data]

Chakraborti, 1937
Chakraborti, B.K., On a new type of absorption bands of potassium vapour, Indian J. Phys., 1937, 10, 155. [all data]

Okuda, 1936
Okuda, T., Narrow continuous band of potassium in the extreme red, Nature (London), 1936, 138, 168. [all data]

Yoshinaga, 1937
Yoshinaga, H., New ultraviolet absorption bands of sodium and potassium molecules, Proc. Phys. Math. Soc. Jpn., 1937, 19, 847. [all data]

Sinha, 1950
Sinha, S.P., Ultra-violet bands of K2, Proc. Phys. Soc. London Sect. A, 1950, 63, 952. [all data]

Sinha, 1948
Sinha, S.P., Blue and ultra-violet bands of K2, Proc. Phys. Soc. London, 1948, 60, 436. [all data]

Yamamoto, 1929
Yamamoto, Revised by Crane and Christy, 1930, 1929, 355. [all data]

Loomis, 1931
Loomis, F.W., Rotational structure of the red bands of potassium, Phys. Rev., 1931, 38, 2153. [all data]

Loomis and Nusbaum, 1932
Loomis, F.W.; Nusbaum, R.E., Magnetic rotation spectrum and heat of dissociation of the potassium molecule, Phys. Rev., 1932, 39, 89. [all data]

Tango, Link, et al., 1968
Tango, W.J.; Link, J.K.; Zare, R.N., Spectroscopy of K2 using laser-induced fluorescence, J. Chem. Phys., 1968, 49, 4264. [all data]

Crane and Christy, 1930
Crane, W.O.; Christy, A., Vibrational quantum analysis of the potassium infrared absorption bands, Phys. Rev., 1930, 36, 421. [all data]

Sorokin and Lankard, 1971
Sorokin, P.P.; Lankard, J.R., Emission spectra of alkali-metal molecules observed with a heat-pipe discharge tube, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 55, 3810. [all data]

Geittner, 1975
Geittner, P., Bestimmung der Triplett-Potentialdaten fur das K2-Stossmolekul, Z. Phys., 1975, 272, 359. [all data]

Kusch, Millman, et al., 1939
Kusch, P.; Millman, S.; Rabi, I.I., The nuclear magnetic moments of N14, Na23, K39 and Cs133, Phys. Rev., 1939, 55, 1176. [all data]

Logan, Cote, et al., 1952
Logan, R.A.; Cote, R.E.; Kusch, P., The sign of the quadrupole interaction energy in diatomic molecules, Phys. Rev., 1952, 86, 280. [all data]

Brooks, Anderson, et al., 1963
Brooks, R.A.; Anderson, C.H.; Ramsey, N.F., Rotational magnetic moments of diatomic alkalis, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1963, 10, 441. [all data]

Tango and Zare, 1970
Tango, W.J.; Zare, R.N., Radiative lifetime of the B1Πu state of K2, J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 53, 3094. [all data]

Baumgartner, Demtroder, et al., 1970
Baumgartner, G.; Demtroder, W.; Stock, M., Lifetime-measurements of alkali-molecules excited by different laserlines, Z. Phys., 1970, 232, 462. [all data]

Lapp and Harris, 1966
Lapp, M.; Harris, L.P., Absorption cross sections of alkali-vapor molecules: I. Cs2 in the visible. II. K2 in the red, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1966, 6, 169. [all data]

Carroll, 1937
Carroll, T., Magnetic rotation spectra of diatomic molecules, Phys. Rev., 1937, 52, 822. [all data]

Lewis, 1931
Lewis, L.C., Die bestimmung des gleichgewichts zwischen den atomen und den molekulen eines alkalidampfes mit einer molekularstrahlmethode, Z. Phys., 1931, 69, 786. [all data]

Lee and Mahan, 1965
Lee, Y.-T.; Mahan, B.H., Photosensitized ionization of alkali-metal vapors, J. Chem. Phys., 1965, 42, 2893. [all data]

Williams, 1967
Williams, R.A., Photoionization of potassium vapor, J. Chem. Phys., 1967, 47, 4281. [all data]

Bellomonte, Cavaliere, et al., 1974
Bellomonte, L.; Cavaliere, P.; Ferrante, G., Alkali molecular ion energies and expectation values in a model-potential treatment, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 61, 3225. [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Constants of diatomic molecules, References