Benzo[c]phenanthrene
- Formula: C18H12
- Molecular weight: 228.2879
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: TUAHORSUHVUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 195-19-7
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Other names: 3,4-Benzophenanthrene; Benzo-3,4-phenanthrene; Tetrahelicene; 3,4-Benzphenanthrene
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Gas phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔfH°gas | 291.2 | kJ/mol | Review | Roux, Temprado, et al., 2008 | There are insufficient literature values to properly evaluated the data and measurements are of low quality and/or there is substantial disagreement with values predicted using thermochemical cycles or estimation methods (trends).; DRB |
Constant pressure heat capacity of gas
Cp,gas (J/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
49.76 | 50. | Dorofeeva O.V., 1988 | Recommended values were calculated statistically mechanically using force field approximation for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to estimate the needed vibrational frequencies (see also [ Dorofeeva O.V., 1986, Moiseeva N.F., 1989]). These functions are reproduced in the reference book [ Frenkel M., 1994].; GT |
77.74 | 100. | ||
112.05 | 150. | ||
151.56 | 200. | ||
213.88 | 273.15 | ||
235.3 ± 1.5 | 298.15 | ||
236.85 | 300. | ||
316.94 | 400. | ||
383.74 | 500. | ||
437.15 | 600. | ||
479.81 | 700. | ||
514.32 | 800. | ||
542.66 | 900. | ||
566.21 | 1000. | ||
585.96 | 1100. | ||
602.66 | 1200. | ||
616.85 | 1300. | ||
629.00 | 1400. | ||
639.44 | 1500. |
Phase change data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tfus | 334.8 | K | N/A | Casellato, Vecchi, et al., 1973 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.8 K; TRC |
Tfus | 342. | K | N/A | Nasipuri and Bhattacharya, 1972 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 1. K; TRC |
Tfus | 341. | K | N/A | Burditt, Whiting, et al., 1967 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 1. K; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔsubH° | 106.3 | kJ/mol | Review | Roux, Temprado, et al., 2008 | There are insufficient literature values to properly evaluated the data and measurements are of low quality and/or there is substantial disagreement with values predicted using thermochemical cycles or estimation methods (trends).; DRB |
ΔsubH° | 106. | kJ/mol | V | Wakayama and Inokuchi, 1967 | ALS |
Enthalpy of sublimation
ΔsubH (kJ/mol) | Temperature (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
106. | 293. | V | Magnus, Hartmann, et al., 1951 | ALS |
Enthalpy of fusion
ΔfusH (kJ/mol) | Temperature (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
15.5 | 339.2 | DSC | Kestens, Auclair, et al., 2010 | AC |
16.32 | 334.7 | N/A | Acree, 1991 | AC |
Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess
View reactions leading to C18H12+ (ion structure unspecified)
Electron affinity determinations
EA (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
0.5450 ± 0.0080 | ECD | Becker and Chen, 1966 | B |
0.33 | ECD | Wentworth and Becker, 1962 | B |
Ionization energy determinations
IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
7.86 | CTS | Briegleb, 1964 | RDSH |
7.76 | CTS | Matsen, 1956 | RDSH |
7.60 ± 0.02 | PE | Schmidt, 1977 | Vertical value; LLK |
7.60 | PE | Clar and Schmidt, 1976 | Vertical value; LLK |
7.62 | PE | Brogli and Heilbronner, 1972 | Vertical value; LLK |
Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Spectrum
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Additional Data
View image of digitized spectrum (can be printed in landscape orientation).
Due to licensing restrictions, this spectrum cannot be downloaded.
Owner | NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. |
---|---|
Origin | Japan AIST/NIMC Database- Spectrum MS-NW-1267 |
NIST MS number | 230558 |
Gas Chromatography
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Packed | OV-101 | 250. | 2427. | Rudenko, Bulychova, et al., 1984 | N2; Column length: 3. m |
Capillary | OV-101 | 270. | 2427. | Grimmer and Böhnke, 1972 | N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | OV-1 | 2400.2 | Zhang, Shen, et al., 2000 | 25. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, 5. K/min; Tstart: 100. C; Tend: 180. C |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Packed | OV-1 | 210. | 2390. | Nicoud, Balavoine, et al., 1972 | Nitrogen, Gas-Chrom Q |
Packed | OV-1 | 220. | 2400. | Nicoud, Balavoine, et al., 1972 | Nitrogen, Gas-Chrom Q |
Packed | OV-1 | 210. | 2390. | Nicoud, Moradpour, et al., 1972 | Nitrogen, Gas-Chrom Q (60-80 mesh); Column length: 4. m |
Packed | OV-1 | 220. | 2400. | Nicoud, Moradpour, et al., 1972 | Nitrogen, Gas-Chrom Q (60-80 mesh); Column length: 4. m |
Lee's RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | PE-5 | 391.3 | Jamoussi, Kanzari, et al., 2007 | 20. m/0.18 mm/0.18 μm, 50. C @ 1.5 min, 8. K/min; Tend: 345. C |
Capillary | HP-5 | 391.11 | Pedersen, Durant, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 1.5 min, 6. K/min, 310. C @ 10. min |
Capillary | HP-5 | 391.07 | Marynowski, Pieta, et al., 2004 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 300. C |
Capillary | DB-5MS | 390.89 | Chen, Keeran, et al., 2002 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, 40. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 310. C |
Capillary | HP-5 | 391.12 | Piao, Chu, et al., 1999 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 280. C @ 20. min |
Capillary | DB-5 | 394.3 | Durlak, Biswas, et al., 1998 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 15. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 300. C |
Capillary | DB-5 | 391.07 | Wise, Benner, et al., 1988 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min |
Capillary | SE-52 | 391.24 | Vassilaros, Kong, et al., 1982 | 20. m/0.30 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 265. C |
Capillary | SE-52 | 391.39 | Lee, Vassilaros, et al., 1979 | 12. m/0.3 mm/0.34 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C |
Lee's RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | DB-5 | 390.9 | Fuentes, Font, et al., 2007 | Column length: 60. m; Program: not specified |
Capillary | HP-5MS | 390.57 | Wang, Li, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C(2min) => 6C/min => 258C => 2C/min => 300C(4min) |
Capillary | HP-5MS | 390.57 | Wang, Li, et al., 2007, 2 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: not specified |
Capillary | HP-5MS | 391.07 | Wang, Li, et al., 2007, 2 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: not specified |
Capillary | HP-5MS | 391.24 | Wang, Li, et al., 2007, 2 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: not specified |
Capillary | LM-5 | 389.36 | Ré-Poppi and Santiago-Silva, 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C(2min) => 15C/min => 180C => 5C/min => 280C (10min) |
Capillary | DB-5 | 391.1 | Lundstedt, Haglund, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified |
Capillary | LM-5 | 389.52 | Ré-Poppi and Santiago-Silva, 2002 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C(2min) => 15C/min => 180C => 5C/min => 280C(5min) |
Capillary | SE-54 | 388.58 | Guillen, Iglesias, et al., 1992 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | SE-52 | 389.97 | Shlyakhov, 1984 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | SE-52 | 390.27 | Shlyakhov, 1984 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | SE-52 | 391.39 | Shlyakhov, 1984 | Program: not specified |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Roux, Temprado, et al., 2008
Roux, M.V.; Temprado, M.; Chickos, J.S.; Nagano, Y.,
Critically Evaluated Thermochemical Properties of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2008, 37, 4, 1855-1996. [all data]
Dorofeeva O.V., 1988
Dorofeeva O.V.,
Thermodynamic Properties of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Gaseous Phase. Institute for High Temperatures, USSR Academy of Sciences, Preprint No.1-238 (in Russian), Moscow, 1988. [all data]
Dorofeeva O.V., 1986
Dorofeeva O.V.,
On calculation of thermodynamic properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,
Thermochim. Acta, 1986, 102, 59-66. [all data]
Moiseeva N.F., 1989
Moiseeva N.F.,
Development of Benson group additivity method for estimation of ideal gas thermodynamic properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,
Thermochim. Acta, 1989, 153, 77-85. [all data]
Frenkel M., 1994
Frenkel M.,
Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds in the Gas State, Vol. I, II, Thermodynamics Research Center, College Station, Texas, 1994, 1994. [all data]
Casellato, Vecchi, et al., 1973
Casellato, F.; Vecchi, C.; Girell, A.,
Differential calorimetric study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,
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Nasipuri and Bhattacharya, 1972
Nasipuri, D.; Bhattacharya, A.,
Indian J. Chem., 1972, 10, 799. [all data]
Burditt, Whiting, et al., 1967
Burditt, N.A.; Whiting, M.C.; Venanzi, L.M.,
J. Chem. Soc. B, 1967, 1967, 2273. [all data]
Wakayama and Inokuchi, 1967
Wakayama, N.; Inokuchi, H.,
Heats of sublimation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their molecular packings,
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1967, 40, 2267. [all data]
Magnus, Hartmann, et al., 1951
Magnus, A.; Hartmann, H.; Becker, F.,
Verbrennungswarmen und resonanzenergien von mehrkernigen aromatischen kohlenwasserstoffen,
Z. Phys. Chem., 1951, 197, 75-91. [all data]
Kestens, Auclair, et al., 2010
Kestens, Vikram; Auclair, Guy; Drozdzewska, Katarzyna; Held, Andrea; Roebben, Gert; Linsinger, Thomas,
Thermodynamic property values of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons measured by differential scanning calorimetry,
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Acree, 1991
Acree, William E.,
Thermodynamic properties of organic compounds: enthalpy of fusion and melting point temperature compilation,
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Becker and Chen, 1966
Becker, R.S.; Chen, E.,
Extension of Electron Affinities and Ionization Potentials of Aromatic Hydrocarbons,
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Wentworth and Becker, 1962
Wentworth, W.E.; Becker, R.S.,
Potential Method for the Determination of Electron Affinities of Molecules: Application to Some Aromatic Hydrocarbons.,
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Briegleb, 1964
Briegleb, G.,
Electron affinity of organic molecules,
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Matsen, 1956
Matsen, F.A.,
Electron affinities, methyl affinities, and ionization energies of condensed ring aromatic hydrocarbons,
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Schmidt, 1977
Schmidt, W.,
Photoelectron spectra of polynuclear aromatics. V. Correlations with ultraviolet absorption spectra in the catacondensed series,
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Clar and Schmidt, 1976
Clar, E.; Schmidt, W.,
Correlations between photoelectron and phosphorescence spectra of polycyclic hydrocarbons,
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Brogli and Heilbronner, 1972
Brogli, F.; Heilbronner, E.,
The photoelectron spectra of benzenoid hydrocarbons C18H12,
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Rudenko, B.A.; Bulychova, Z.Yu.; Topunov, V.N.; Itsikson, L.B.,
Regularities in changes of retention indices for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons depending on their structure and polarity of stationary phase,
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Grimmer and Böhnke, 1972
Grimmer, G.; Böhnke, H.,
Bestimmung des Gesamtgehaltes aller polycyclischen aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffe in Luftstaub und Kraftfahrzeugabgas mit der Capillar-Gas-Chromatographie,
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Zhang, Shen, et al., 2000
Zhang, M.-J.; Shen, S.-D.; Chen, S.-Y.; Sun, Y.-H.,
Analysis of heavy oil fractions in high-temperature coal tar by capillary gas chromatography/fourier transform infrared spectrometry,
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Nicoud, Balavoine, et al., 1972
Nicoud, J.F.; Balavoine, G.; Kagan, H.; Martin, R.H.; Deblecker, M.,
Chromatographie en phase vapeur d'helicenes et de diaryl-1,2-ethylenes,
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Nicoud, Moradpour, et al., 1972
Nicoud, J.F.; Moradpour, A.; Balavoine, G.; Kagan, H.; Martin, R.H.; Deblecker, M.,
Chromatographie en phase vapeur d'helicenes et de diaryl-1,2 ethylenes,
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Jamoussi, Kanzari, et al., 2007
Jamoussi, B.; Kanzari, F.; Hassine, B.B.; Abderrabba, A.,
Using Bezier curves for the calculation of retention indices of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the so-called Lee's scale in temperature-programmed gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection,
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Pedersen, D.U.; Durant, J.L.; Taghizadeh, K.; Hemond, H.F.; Lafleur, A.L.; Cass, G.R.,
Human cell mutagenes in respirable airborne particles from the Northeastern United States. 2. Quantification of mutagenes and other organic compounds.,
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Marynowski, Pieta, et al., 2004
Marynowski, L.; Pieta, M.; Janeczek, J.,
Composition and source of polycyclic aromatic compounds in deposited dust from selected sites around the Upper Silesia, Poland,
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Chen, Keeran, et al., 2002
Chen, P.H.; Keeran, W.S.; Van Ausdale, W.A.; Schindler, D.R.; Roberts, D.W.,
Application of Lee retention indices to the confirmation of tentatively identified compounds from GC/MS analysis of environmental samples, Technical paper, Analytical Services Division, Environmental ScienceEngineering, Inc, PO Box 1703, Gainesville, FL 32602, 2002, 11. [all data]
Piao, Chu, et al., 1999
Piao, M.; Chu, S.; Zheng, M.; Xu, X.,
Characterization of the combustion products of polyethylene,
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Durlak, Biswas, et al., 1998
Durlak, S.K.; Biswas, P.; Shi, J.; Bernhard, M.J.,
Characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon particulate and gaseous emissions from polystyrene combustion,
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Wise, Benner, et al., 1988
Wise, S.A.; Benner, B.A.; Byrd, G.D.; Chesler, S.N.; Rebbert, R.E.; Schantz, M.M.,
Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a coal tar standard reference material,
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Vassilaros, Kong, et al., 1982
Vassilaros, D.L.; Kong, R.C.; Later, D.W.; Lee, M.L.,
Linear retention index system for polycyclic aromatic compounds. Critical evaluation and additional indices,
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Lee, Vassilaros, et al., 1979
Lee, M.L.; Vassilaros, D.L.; White, C.M.; Novotny, M.,
Retention Indices for Programmed-Temperature Capillary-Column Gas Chromatography of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,
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Fuentes, M.J.; Font, R.; Gomez-Rico, M.F.; Martin-Gullon, I.,
Pyrolysis and combustion of waste lubricant oil from diesel cars: Decomposition and pollutants,
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Identification, characterization and quantitation of pyrogenic polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons and other organic compounds in tire fire products,
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Ré-Poppi, N.; Santiago-Silva, M.,
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other selected organic compounds in ambient air of Campo Grande City, Brazil,
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Lundstedt, Haglund, et al., 2003
Lundstedt, S.; Haglund, P.; Öberg, L.,
Degradation and formation of polycyclic aromatic compounds during bioslurry treatment of an aged gasworks soil,
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Ré-Poppi and Santiago-Silva, 2002
Ré-Poppi, N.; Santiago-Silva, M.R.,
Identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and methoxylated phenols in wood smoke emitted during production of charcoal,
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Guillen, Iglesias, et al., 1992
Guillen, M.D.; Iglesias, M.J.; Dominguez, A.; Blanco, C.G.,
Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon retention indices on SE-54 stationary phase of the volatile components of a coal tar pitch. Relationships between chromatographic retention and thermal reactivity,
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Shlyakhov, A.F.,
Gas chromatography in organic geochemistry, Nedra, Moscow, 1984, 221. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References
- Symbols used in this document:
Cp,gas Constant pressure heat capacity of gas EA Electron affinity Tfus Fusion (melting) point ΔfH°gas Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions ΔfusH Enthalpy of fusion ΔsubH Enthalpy of sublimation ΔsubH° Enthalpy of sublimation at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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