Chlorine anion


Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
gas,1 bar36.654cal/mol*KReviewChase, 1998Data last reviewed in June, 1982

Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Reactions 1 to 50

Chlorine anion + Water = (Chlorine anion • Water)

By formula: Cl- + H2O = (Cl- • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr15. ± 5.kcal/molAVGN/AAverage of 11 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr19. ± 3.cal/mol*KAVGN/AAverage of 8 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr9. ± 4.kcal/molAVGN/AAverage of 9 values; Individual data points

Chlorine anion + Methyl Alcohol = (Chlorine anion • Methyl Alcohol)

By formula: Cl- + CH4O = (Cl- • CH4O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr17. ± 3.kcal/molAVGN/AAverage of 8 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr22.6cal/mol*KHPMSEvans and Keesee, 1991gas phase; M
Δr24.1cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Mizuse, 1987gas phase; M
Δr22.0cal/mol*KPHPMSSieck, 1985gas phase; M
Δr22.9cal/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M
Δr14.8cal/mol*KPHPMSYamdagni, Payzant, et al., 1973gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr10.1 ± 0.8kcal/molAVGN/AAverage of 10 values; Individual data points

Chlorine anion + Hydrogen chloride = (Chlorine anion • Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: Cl- + HCl = (Cl- • HCl)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr29.6 ± 1.0kcal/molN/AMetz, Kitsopoulos, et al., 1988gas phase; Affinity: shift in apparent EA from lesser-solvated ion. Ignores any neutral-neutral bond.; B
Δr23.8 ± 2.0kcal/molTDEqCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; B,M
Δr23.1 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984, 2gas phase; B,M
Δr23.70 ± 0.20kcal/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; B,M
Δr20.4kcal/molHPMSUpschulte, Evans, et al., 1986gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(Cl-)H2O/HCl, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Keesee and Castleman, 1980; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr22.3cal/mol*KPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)SO2; M
Δr23.5cal/mol*KPHPMSYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; M
Δr23.5cal/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M
Δr22.8cal/mol*KN/AUpschulte, Evans, et al., 1986gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(Cl-)H2O/HCl, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Keesee and Castleman, 1980; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr16.3 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1987gas phase; K = 0.60 for HCl..Cl- + DCL <=> DCl..Cl- + HCl, anchored to Larson and McMahon, 1984, 32; B
Δr17.1 ± 2.6kcal/molTDEqCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; B
Δr16.0 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984, 2gas phase; B,M
Δr16.70 ± 0.30kcal/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; B
Δr13.6kcal/molHPMSUpschulte, Evans, et al., 1986gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(Cl-)H2O/HCl, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Keesee and Castleman, 1980; M

Chlorine anion + Sulfur dioxide = (Chlorine anion • Sulfur dioxide)

By formula: Cl- + O2S = (Cl- • O2S)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr22.2 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; B,M
Δr20.9 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1985gas phase; B
Δr22.2 ± 2.2kcal/molTDEqBohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984gas phase; Relative to HOH..Cl- in Keesee, Lee, et al., 1980; B,M
Δr21.80 ± 0.20kcal/molTDAsKeesee, Lee, et al., 1980gas phase; B,M
Δr20.9kcal/molICRLarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr21.6cal/mol*KPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; M
Δr24.1cal/mol*KN/ABohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)H2O), Entropy change calculated or estimated; Keesee and Castleman, 1980; M
Δr20.8cal/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M
Δr23.2cal/mol*KHPMSKeesee, Lee, et al., 1980gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr15.7 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; B
Δr14.7 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1985gas phase; B
Δr15.0 ± 1.6kcal/molTDEqBohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984gas phase; Relative to HOH..Cl- in Keesee, Lee, et al., 1980; B,M
Δr14.80 ± 0.30kcal/molTDAsKeesee, Lee, et al., 1980gas phase; B
Δr14.7kcal/molICRLarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
14.2296.FAFehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)H2O; M

Chlorine anion + Benzene = (Chlorine anion • Benzene)

By formula: Cl- + C6H6 = (Cl- • C6H6)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr6.00 ± 0.46kcal/molN/ATschurl, Ueberfluss, et al., 2007gas phase; B
Δr9.4 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; B,M
Δr9.90kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984, 2gas phase; B,M
Δr8.7kcal/molPHPMSPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; from Ph. D. thesis of S. Chowdhury, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δr10.4kcal/molPHPMSSunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr17.9cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; M
Δr17.cal/mol*KN/APaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; from Ph. D. thesis of S. Chowdhury, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δr17.1cal/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M
Δr22.cal/mol*KN/ASunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr4.0 ± 2.6kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; B
Δr3.8 ± 1.6kcal/molIMREChowdhury and Kebarle, 1986gas phase; B
Δr4.8 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984, 2gas phase; B,M
Δr3.80kcal/molIMREFrench, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
3.6300.PHPMSPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; from Ph. D. thesis of S. Chowdhury, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
3.8300.PHPMSChowdhury and Kebarle, 1986gas phase; M
3.8300.PHPMSSunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Chlorine anion • 2Water) + Water = (Chlorine anion • 3Water)

By formula: (Cl- • 2H2O) + H2O = (Cl- • 3H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr12. ± 2.kcal/molAVGN/AAverage of 7 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr22.3cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988, 2gas phase; M
Δr22.4cal/mol*KHPMSKeesee and Castleman, 1980gas phase; M
Δr23.2cal/mol*KHPMSArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr5.0 ± 0.5kcal/molAVGN/AAverage of 6 values; Individual data points

Chlorine anion + Acetonitrile = (Chlorine anion • Acetonitrile)

By formula: Cl- + C2H3N = (Cl- • C2H3N)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr15. ± 2.kcal/molAVGN/AAverage of 6 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr15.7cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988, 2gas phase; M
Δr15.7cal/mol*KPHPMSYamabe, Furumiya, et al., 1986gas phase; M
Δr14.3cal/mol*KPHPMSSieck, 1985gas phase; M
Δr14.3cal/mol*KPHPMSYamdagni and Kebarle, 1972gas phase; M
Δr21.4cal/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1984, 2gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)CF3H, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Larson and McMahon, 1984; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr10.20 ± 0.20kcal/molTDAsLi, Ross, et al., 1996gas phase; B
Δr9.2 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988, 2gas phase; B
Δr8.9 ± 2.6kcal/molTDAsYamabe, Furumiya, et al., 1986gas phase; B
Δr10.10 ± 0.20kcal/molTDAsSieck, 1985gas phase; B
Δr9.2 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1972gas phase; B

(Chlorine anion • Water) + Water = (Chlorine anion • 2Water)

By formula: (Cl- • H2O) + H2O = (Cl- • 2H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr13. ± 1.kcal/molAVGN/AAverage of 7 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr21.4cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988, 2gas phase; M
Δr20.5cal/mol*KHPMSKeesee and Castleman, 1980gas phase; M
Δr20.8cal/mol*KHPMSArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr6.6 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Mizuse, 1987gas phase; B
Δr6.50kcal/molTDAsKeesee and Castleman, 1980gas phase; B
Δr6.5 ± 1.4kcal/molTDAsPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; B
Δr6.50kcal/molTDAsArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; B
Δr6.7kcal/molFAFehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974gas phase; M

Chlorine anion + 2-Propanol, 2-methyl- = (Chlorine anion • 2-Propanol, 2-methyl-)

By formula: Cl- + C4H10O = (Cl- • C4H10O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr19. ± 4.kcal/molAVGN/AAverage of 6 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr27.4cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Mizuse, 1987gas phase; M
Δr24.0cal/mol*KPHPMSSieck, 1985gas phase; M
Δr23.4cal/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M
Δr27.cal/mol*KPHPMSKebarle, 1977gas phase; M
Δr10.3cal/mol*KN/AYamdagni and Kebarle, 1971gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr11.58kcal/molTDAsBogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999gas phase; B
Δr12.30 ± 0.30kcal/molTDAsSieck, 1985gas phase; B
Δr11.60kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Mizuse, 1987gas phase; B
Δr11.1 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984, 2gas phase; B,M
Δr11.1 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1971gas phase; B

Chlorine anion + Benzonitrile, 4-hydroxy- = (Chlorine anion • Benzonitrile, 4-hydroxy-)

By formula: Cl- + C7H5NO = (Cl- • C7H5NO)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr35.1 ± 2.0kcal/molTDEqCummings, French, et al., 1977gas phase; Re-anchored to data in French, Ikuta, et al., 1982.; B,M,M
Δr35.3kcal/molPHPMSPaul and Kebarle, 1990gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr25.cal/mol*KN/APaul and Kebarle, 1990gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δr28.cal/mol*KN/ACummings, French, et al., 1977gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)4-Cl-phenol, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M
Δr26.cal/mol*KN/ACummings, French, et al., 1977gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)4-F-phenol, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr27.3 ± 2.0kcal/molTDEqCummings, French, et al., 1977gas phase; Re-anchored to data in French, Ikuta, et al., 1982.; B

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
24.7423.PHPMSPaul and Kebarle, 1990gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
26.2300.PHPMSCummings, French, et al., 1977gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)4-Cl-phenol, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M
25.8300.PHPMSCummings, French, et al., 1977gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)4-F-phenol, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M

Chlorine anion + Acetone = (Chlorine anion • Acetone)

By formula: Cl- + C3H6O = (Cl- • C3H6O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr14. ± 2.kcal/molAVGN/AAverage of 6 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr18.2cal/mol*KPHPMSSieck, 1985gas phase; M
Δr19.6cal/mol*KPHPMSFrench, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase; M
Δr17.1cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986gas phase; M
Δr19.7cal/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr8.08 ± 0.20kcal/molTDAsBofdanov and McMahon, 2002gas phase; B
Δr7.30kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Morise, et al., 1986gas phase; B
Δr8.80 ± 0.30kcal/molTDAsSieck, 1985gas phase; B
Δr8.2 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984, 2gas phase; B,M
Δr7.9 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsFrench, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase; B

Chlorine anion + Trichloromethane = (Chlorine anion • Trichloromethane)

By formula: Cl- + CHCl3 = (Cl- • CHCl3)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr15.2 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1971gas phase; B,M
Δr19.5 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuno, et al., 2001gas phase; B
Δr18.10kcal/molMoblGiles and Grimsrud, 1993gas phase; B
Δr18.1 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984, 2gas phase; B,M
Δr19.10 ± 0.70kcal/molTDEqDougherty, Dalton, et al., 1974gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr23.2cal/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1984, 2gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(Cl-)CF3H, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Larson and McMahon, 1984; M
Δr24.5cal/mol*KHPMSDougherty, Dalton, et al., 1974gas phase; M
Δr14.8cal/mol*KPHPMSYamdagni and Kebarle, 1971gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr11. ± 1.kcal/molAVGN/AAverage of 6 values; Individual data points

Chlorine anion + Phenol = (Chlorine anion • Phenol)

By formula: Cl- + C6H6O = (Cl- • C6H6O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr26.0 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsFrench, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase; B,M
Δr26.0 ± 2.0kcal/molTDEqCummings, French, et al., 1977gas phase; Re-anchored to data in French, Ikuta, et al., 1982.; B
Δr27.4kcal/molPHPMSKebarle, 1977gas phase; M
Δr26.5kcal/molPHPMSPaul and Kebarle, 1990gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δr19.4 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1971gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr26.0cal/mol*KPHPMSFrench, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase; M
Δr25.cal/mol*KPHPMSKebarle, 1977gas phase; M
Δr25.cal/mol*KN/APaul and Kebarle, 1990gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δr15.5cal/mol*KPHPMSYamdagni and Kebarle, 1971gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr19.2 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsFrench, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase; B
Δr18.5 ± 2.0kcal/molTDEqCummings, French, et al., 1977gas phase; Re-anchored to data in French, Ikuta, et al., 1982.; B
Δr14.8 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1971gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
15.9423.PHPMSPaul and Kebarle, 1990gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Chlorine anion + Benzene, chloro- = (Chlorine anion • Benzene, chloro-)

By formula: Cl- + C6H5Cl = (Cl- • C6H5Cl)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr12.00 ± 0.10kcal/molTDAsSieck, 1985gas phase; B,M
Δr13.6 ± 1.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; B,B,M
Δr12.6kcal/molPHPMSPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; from Ph. D. thesis of S. Chowdhury, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr20.cal/mol*KN/APaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; from Ph. D. thesis of S. Chowdhury, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δr16.5cal/mol*KPHPMSSieck, 1985gas phase; M
Δr22.4cal/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr7.10 ± 0.20kcal/molTDAsSieck, 1985gas phase; B
Δr6.9 ± 1.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; B,B,M
Δr6.50kcal/molTDEqFrench, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
6.6300.PHPMSPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; from Ph. D. thesis of S. Chowdhury, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
6.5300.PHPMSFrench, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase; M

(Chlorine anion • 3Water) + Water = (Chlorine anion • 4Water)

By formula: (Cl- • 3H2O) + H2O = (Cl- • 4H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr10.6 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Mizuse, 1987gas phase; B
Δr9.70kcal/molN/AMarkovich, Pollack, et al., 1994gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
Δr10.6 ± 0.3kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988, 2gas phase; M
Δr10.90 ± 0.70kcal/molTDAsKeesee and Castleman, 1980gas phase; B,M
Δr11.1 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr22.7cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988, 2gas phase; M
Δr24.8cal/mol*KHPMSKeesee and Castleman, 1980gas phase; M
Δr25.8cal/mol*KHPMSArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr3.8 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Mizuse, 1987gas phase; B
Δr3.50kcal/molTDAsKeesee and Castleman, 1980gas phase; B
Δr3.40kcal/molTDAsArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; B
Δr4.0 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsKebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968gas phase; B,M

Chlorine anion + Chloromethane = (Chlorine anion • Chloromethane)

By formula: Cl- + CH3Cl = (Cl- • CH3Cl)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr10.4 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsLi, Ross, et al., 1996gas phase; B
Δr11.7 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuno, et al., 2001gas phase; B
Δr12.2 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984, 2gas phase; B,M
Δr8.60 ± 0.20kcal/molTDAsDougherty, Dalton, et al., 1974gas phase; B,M
Δr15.2 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1971gas phase; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr20.5cal/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M
Δr15.3cal/mol*KHPMSDougherty, Dalton, et al., 1974gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr5.80 ± 0.20kcal/molTDAsLi, Ross, et al., 1996gas phase; B
Δr4.84kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuno, et al., 2001gas phase; B
Δr6.1 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984, 2gas phase; B,M
Δr4.10 ± 0.50kcal/molTDAsDougherty, Dalton, et al., 1974gas phase; B
Δr10.8 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1971gas phase; B

Chlorine anion + Formic acid = (Chlorine anion • Formic acid)

By formula: Cl- + CH2O2 = (Cl- • CH2O2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr27.4 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsFrench, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase; B,M
Δr27.7 ± 2.1kcal/molCIDTWalker and Sunderlin, 1999gas phase; B
Δr25.6 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984, 2gas phase; B,M
Δr37.2 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1971gas phase; In serious disagreement with other's values. Source of error not obvious.; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr24.5cal/mol*KPHPMSFrench, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase; M
Δr24.1cal/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M
Δr39.6cal/mol*KPHPMSYamdagni and Kebarle, 1971gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr20.1 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsFrench, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase; B
Δr18.4 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984, 2gas phase; B,M
Δr25.4 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1971gas phase; In serious disagreement with other's values. Source of error not obvious.; B

Chlorine anion + Phenol, 4-chloro- = (Chlorine anion • Phenol, 4-chloro-)

By formula: Cl- + C6H5ClO = (Cl- • C6H5ClO)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr29.6 ± 2.0kcal/molTDEqCummings, French, et al., 1977gas phase; Re-anchored to data in French, Ikuta, et al., 1982.; B,M
Δr30.1kcal/molPHPMSPaul and Kebarle, 1990gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr25.cal/mol*KN/APaul and Kebarle, 1990gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δr26.3cal/mol*KN/ACummings, French, et al., 1977gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)C6H5OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr22.1 ± 2.0kcal/molTDEqCummings, French, et al., 1977gas phase; Re-anchored to data in French, Ikuta, et al., 1982.; B

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
19.5423.PHPMSPaul and Kebarle, 1990gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
21.0300.PHPMSCummings, French, et al., 1977gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)C6H5OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M

Chlorine anion + Phenol, 4-fluoro- = (Chlorine anion • Phenol, 4-fluoro-)

By formula: Cl- + C6H5FO = (Cl- • C6H5FO)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr27.9 ± 2.0kcal/molTDEqCummings, French, et al., 1977gas phase; Re-anchored to data in French, Ikuta, et al., 1982.; B,M
Δr28.6kcal/molPHPMSPaul and Kebarle, 1990gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr25.cal/mol*KN/APaul and Kebarle, 1990gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δr25.3cal/mol*KN/ACummings, French, et al., 1977gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)C6H5OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr20.6 ± 2.0kcal/molTDEqCummings, French, et al., 1977gas phase; Re-anchored to data in French, Ikuta, et al., 1982.; B

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
18.0423.PHPMSPaul and Kebarle, 1990gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
19.3300.PHPMSCummings, French, et al., 1977gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)C6H5OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M

Chlorine anion + Ethanol = (Chlorine anion • Ethanol)

By formula: Cl- + C2H6O = (Cl- • C2H6O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr17.90 ± 0.40kcal/molTDAsBogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999gas phase; B
Δr17.60 ± 0.50kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, 1987gas phase; B,B,M
Δr17.3 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984, 2gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr23.7cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Mizuse, 1987gas phase; M
Δr23.1cal/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1984, 2gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Larson and McMahon, 1984; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr10.65kcal/molTDAsBogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999gas phase; B
Δr10.5 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Mizuse, 1987gas phase; B
Δr10.5 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, 1987gas phase; B
Δr10.4 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984, 2gas phase; B,M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
10.0295.ICRRiveros, 1974gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)CH3OH; Riveros, Breda, et al., 1973; M

(Chlorine anion • Methyl Alcohol) + Methyl Alcohol = (Chlorine anion • 2Methyl Alcohol)

By formula: (Cl- • CH4O) + CH4O = (Cl- • 2CH4O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr14.10 ± 0.40kcal/molTDAsBogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999gas phase; B
Δr13.70 ± 0.20kcal/molTDAsEvans and Keesee, 1991gas phase; B,M
Δr14.1 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Mizuse, 1987gas phase; B,M
Δr13.00 ± 0.70kcal/molTDAsYamdagni, Payzant, et al., 1973gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr24.2cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Mizuse, 1987gas phase; M
Δr22.0cal/mol*KHPMSEvans and Keesee, 1991gas phase; M
Δr19.4cal/mol*KPHPMSYamdagni, Payzant, et al., 1973gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr7.30kcal/molTDAsBogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999gas phase; B
Δr7.10kcal/molTDAsEvans and Keesee, 1991gas phase; B
Δr6.8 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Mizuse, 1987gas phase; B
Δr7.20 ± 0.40kcal/molTDAsYamdagni, Payzant, et al., 1973gas phase; B

(Chlorine anion • 2Methyl Alcohol) + Methyl Alcohol = (Chlorine anion • 3Methyl Alcohol)

By formula: (Cl- • 2CH4O) + CH4O = (Cl- • 3CH4O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr11.50 ± 0.20kcal/molTDAsBogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999gas phase; B
Δr10.80 ± 0.30kcal/molTDAsEvans and Keesee, 1991gas phase; B,M
Δr11.8 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Mizuse, 1987gas phase; B,M
Δr12.30 ± 0.60kcal/molN/AYamdagni, Payzant, et al., 1973gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr22.9cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Mizuse, 1987gas phase; M
Δr22.7cal/mol*KHPMSEvans and Keesee, 1991gas phase; M
Δr23.6cal/mol*KPHPMSYamdagni, Payzant, et al., 1973gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr5.06kcal/molTDAsBogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999gas phase; B
Δr4.00kcal/molTDAsEvans and Keesee, 1991gas phase; B
Δr4.9 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Mizuse, 1987gas phase; B
Δr5.20 ± 0.30kcal/molTDAsYamdagni, Payzant, et al., 1973gas phase; B

Chlorine anion + Benzene, nitro- = (Chlorine anion • Benzene, nitro-)

By formula: Cl- + C6H5NO2 = (Cl- • C6H5NO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr16.3 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsChowdhury and Kebarle, 1986gas phase; B,M
Δr16.5kcal/molPHPMSPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; from Ph. D. thesis of S. Chowdhury, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr20.cal/mol*KN/APaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; from Ph. D. thesis of S. Chowdhury, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δr19.4cal/mol*KPHPMSChowdhury and Kebarle, 1986gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr10.5 ± 1.6kcal/molTDAsChowdhury and Kebarle, 1986gas phase; B
Δr7.10kcal/molTDEqFrench, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
10.5300.PHPMSPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; from Ph. D. thesis of S. Chowdhury, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
7.7300.PHPMSFrench, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase; M

Chlorine anion + Borane, triethyl- = (Chlorine anion • Borane, triethyl-)

By formula: Cl- + C6H15B = (Cl- • C6H15B)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr23.8 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1985gas phase; B,M
Δr23.8kcal/molICRLarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr22.cal/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1985gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder(t-C4H9OH), Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δr22.0cal/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr17.2 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1985gas phase; B,M
Δr17.2kcal/molICRLarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M

Chlorine anion + Hydrogen cation = Hydrogen chloride

By formula: Cl- + H+ = HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr333.40kcal/molN/AMartin and Hepburn, 1998gas phase; Given: ΔHacid(0K)=116288.7±0.6 cm-1, or 332.486±0.002 kcal/mol; B
Δr333.6 ± 2.1kcal/molG+TSFujio, McIver, et al., 1981gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δr329.10kcal/molN/ACheck, Faust, et al., 2001gas phase; FeCC-(q); ; ΔS(EA)=5.0; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr328.10 ± 0.10kcal/molH-TSMartin and Hepburn, 1998gas phase; Given: ΔHacid(0K)=116288.7±0.6 cm-1, or 332.486±0.002 kcal/mol; B
Δr328.3 ± 2.0kcal/molIMREFujio, McIver, et al., 1981gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δr323.70kcal/molN/ACheck, Faust, et al., 2001gas phase; FeCC-(q); ; ΔS(EA)=5.0; B

Chlorine anion + Acetic acid = (Chlorine anion • Acetic acid)

By formula: Cl- + C2H4O2 = (Cl- • C2H4O2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr24.40 ± 0.20kcal/molTDAsSieck, 1985gas phase; B,M
Δr21.6 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1971gas phase; B,M
Δr23.9 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984, 2gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr19.6cal/mol*KPHPMSSieck, 1985gas phase; M
Δr24.0cal/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M
Δr19.3cal/mol*KPHPMSYamdagni and Kebarle, 1971gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr18.60 ± 0.30kcal/molTDAsSieck, 1985gas phase; B
Δr15.8 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1971gas phase; B
Δr16.7 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984, 2gas phase; B,M

Chlorine anion + Ammonia = (Chlorine anion • Ammonia)

By formula: Cl- + H3N = (Cl- • H3N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr<7.30 ± 0.40kcal/molN/ATschurl and Boesl, 2008gas phase; B
Δr8.20 ± 0.10kcal/molTDAsEvans, Keesee, et al., 1987gas phase; B,M
Δr8.9 ± 1.2kcal/molN/AMarkovich, Chesnovsky, et al., 1993gas phase; B
Δr10.5 ± 4.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984, 2gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr15.4cal/mol*KHPMSEvans, Keesee, et al., 1987gas phase; M
Δr19.9cal/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1984, 2gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)CH3F, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Larson and McMahon, 1984; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr3.60 ± 0.20kcal/molTDAsEvans, Keesee, et al., 1987gas phase; B
Δr4.5 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984, 2gas phase; B,M

Chlorine anion + p-Cresol = (Chlorine anion • p-Cresol)

By formula: Cl- + C7H8O = (Cl- • C7H8O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr25.6 ± 2.0kcal/molTDEqCummings, French, et al., 1977gas phase; Re-anchored to data in French, Ikuta, et al., 1982.; B,M
Δr25.9kcal/molPHPMSPaul and Kebarle, 1990gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr25.cal/mol*KN/APaul and Kebarle, 1990gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δr26.7cal/mol*KPHPMSCummings, French, et al., 1977gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr17.9 ± 2.0kcal/molTDEqCummings, French, et al., 1977gas phase; Re-anchored to data in French, Ikuta, et al., 1982.; B

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
15.3423.PHPMSPaul and Kebarle, 1990gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
16.6300.PHPMSCummings, French, et al., 1977gas phase; M

Chlorine anion + Isopropyl Alcohol = (Chlorine anion • Isopropyl Alcohol)

By formula: Cl- + C3H8O = (Cl- • C3H8O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr19.40 ± 0.20kcal/molTDAsBogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999gas phase; B
Δr18.3 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Mizuse, 1987gas phase; B,M
Δr17.6 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984, 2gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr24.7cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Mizuse, 1987gas phase; M
Δr23.2cal/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1984, 2gas phase; switching reaction(cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Larson and McMahon, 1984; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr11.32kcal/molTDAsBogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999gas phase; B
Δr10.90kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Mizuse, 1987gas phase; B
Δr10.7 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984, 2gas phase; B,M

(Chlorine anion • 6Water) + Water = (Chlorine anion • 7Water)

By formula: (Cl- • 6H2O) + H2O = (Cl- • 7H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr8.1 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Mizuse, 1987gas phase; Estimated entropy; single temperature measurement; B
Δr6.90kcal/molN/AMarkovich, Pollack, et al., 1994gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
Δr8.1kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988, 2gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr20.cal/mol*KN/AHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988, 2gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr2.1 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Mizuse, 1987gas phase; Estimated entropy; single temperature measurement; B

Chlorine anion + Methylene chloride = (Chlorine anion • Methylene chloride)

By formula: Cl- + CH2Cl2 = (Cl- • CH2Cl2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr15.8 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984, 2gas phase; B,M
Δr14.8 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuno, et al., 2001gas phase; B
Δr15.50 ± 0.30kcal/molTDEqDougherty, Dalton, et al., 1974gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr22.1cal/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1984, 2gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Kebarle, 1977; M
Δr22.0cal/mol*KHPMSDougherty, Dalton, et al., 1974gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr9.2 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984, 2gas phase; B,M
Δr8.84kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuno, et al., 2001gas phase; B
Δr8.90 ± 0.60kcal/molTDEqDougherty, Dalton, et al., 1974gas phase; B

Chlorine anion + Phosphorus trifluoride = (Chlorine anion • Phosphorus trifluoride)

By formula: Cl- + F3P = (Cl- • F3P)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr15.5 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1985gas phase; B
Δr15.5kcal/molICRLarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr21.0cal/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr9.2 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1985gas phase; B
Δr9.2kcal/molICRLarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M

Chlorine anion + 1-Propanol = (Chlorine anion • 1-Propanol)

By formula: Cl- + C3H8O = (Cl- • C3H8O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr20.40 ± 0.50kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, 1987gas phase; B,B,M
Δr17.7 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984, 2gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr29.0cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Mizuse, 1987gas phase; M
Δr23.2cal/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1984, 2gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Larson and McMahon, 1984; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr11.70kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Mizuse, 1987gas phase; B
Δr11.7 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, 1987gas phase; B
Δr10.8 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984, 2gas phase; B,M

Chlorine anion + Hydrogen cyanide = (Chlorine anion • Hydrogen cyanide)

By formula: Cl- + CHN = (Cl- • CHN)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr21.8 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsMeot-ner, 1988gas phase; B,B,M
Δr21.0 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984, 2gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr18.9cal/mol*KPHPMSMeot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988gas phase; M
Δr23.7cal/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr16.2 ± 1.6kcal/molTDAsMeot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988gas phase; B
Δr16.1 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsMeot-ner, 1988gas phase; B
Δr13.9 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984, 2gas phase; B,M

Chlorine anion + Carbon dioxide = (Chlorine anion • Carbon dioxide)

By formula: Cl- + CO2 = (Cl- • CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr6.80 ± 0.50kcal/molPDisArnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995gas phase; Affinity: shift in apparent EA from lesser-solvated ion. Ignores any neutral-neutral bond.; B
Δr7.60kcal/molTDEqHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase; B,M
Δr8.00 ± 0.10kcal/molTDAsKeesee, Lee, et al., 1980gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr18.2cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase; M
Δr19.6cal/mol*KHPMSKeesee, Lee, et al., 1980gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr2.10kcal/molTDEqHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase; B
Δr2.10 ± 0.10kcal/molTDAsKeesee, Lee, et al., 1980gas phase; B

(Chlorine anion • 3Methyl Alcohol) + Methyl Alcohol = (Chlorine anion • 4Methyl Alcohol)

By formula: (Cl- • 3CH4O) + CH4O = (Cl- • 4CH4O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr10.5 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Mizuse, 1987gas phase; B,M
Δr10.50kcal/molTDAsEvans and Keesee, 1991gas phase; B
Δr11.20 ± 0.60kcal/molTDAsYamdagni, Payzant, et al., 1973gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr22.9cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Mizuse, 1987gas phase; M
Δr26.4cal/mol*KPHPMSYamdagni, Payzant, et al., 1973gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr3.6 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Mizuse, 1987gas phase; B
Δr3.70kcal/molTDAsEvans and Keesee, 1991gas phase; B
Δr3.30 ± 0.20kcal/molTDAsYamdagni, Payzant, et al., 1973gas phase; B

(Chlorine anion • 4Water) + Water = (Chlorine anion • 5Water)

By formula: (Cl- • 4H2O) + H2O = (Cl- • 5H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr9.5 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Mizuse, 1987gas phase; B
Δr6.70kcal/molN/AMarkovich, Pollack, et al., 1994gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
Δr9.5 ± 0.3kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988, 2gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr21.7cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988, 2gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr3.0 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Mizuse, 1987gas phase; B
Δr2.9 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsKebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968gas phase; B,M

Chlorine anion + 2-Propanone, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro- = (Chlorine anion • 2-Propanone, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-)

By formula: Cl- + C3F6O = (Cl- • C3F6O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr28.8 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsBofdanov and McMahon, 2002gas phase; B
Δr22.9 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1985gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr22.cal/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1985gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder(t-C4H9OH), Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr17.6 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsBofdanov and McMahon, 2002gas phase; B
Δr16.3 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1985gas phase; B,M
Δr16.3kcal/molICRLarson and McMahon, 1984, 3gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)(C2H5)3B; M

(Chlorine anion • 3Acetonitrile) + Acetonitrile = (Chlorine anion • 4Acetonitrile)

By formula: (Cl- • 3C2H3N) + C2H3N = (Cl- • 4C2H3N)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr10.90 ± 0.30kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988, 2gas phase; B,M
Δr9.00 ± 0.80kcal/molN/AMarkovich, Perera, et al., 1996gas phase; B
Δr6.20kcal/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1972gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr26.6cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988, 2gas phase; M
Δr10.8cal/mol*KPHPMSYamdagni and Kebarle, 1972gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr2.9 ± 1.2kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988, 2gas phase; B
Δr3.00kcal/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1972gas phase; B

Chlorine anion + 2-Propanone, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoro- = (Chlorine anion • 2-Propanone, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoro-)

By formula: Cl- + C3HF5O = (Cl- • C3HF5O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr26.1 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsBofdanov and McMahon, 2002gas phase; B
Δr23.4kcal/molICRLarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr23.9cal/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr17.2 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsBofdanov and McMahon, 2002gas phase; B
Δr16.3 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984, 3gas phase; B,M,M

Chlorine anion + 2-Propanol, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro- = (Chlorine anion • 2-Propanol, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-)

By formula: Cl- + C3H2F6O = (Cl- • C3H2F6O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr26.5kcal/molICRLarson and McMahon, 1984, 2gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)(CF3)2CH3COH, Entropy change calculated or estimated, DG>, ΔrH>; Larson and McMahon, 1984; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr25.0cal/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1984, 2gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)(CF3)2CH3COH, Entropy change calculated or estimated, DG>, ΔrH>; Larson and McMahon, 1984; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr19.0kcal/molICRLarson and McMahon, 1984, 2gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)(CF3)2CH3COH, Entropy change calculated or estimated, DG>, ΔrH>; Larson and McMahon, 1984; M

(Chlorine anion • 2Acetonitrile) + Acetonitrile = (Chlorine anion • 3Acetonitrile)

By formula: (Cl- • 2C2H3N) + C2H3N = (Cl- • 3C2H3N)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr11.20 ± 0.40kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988, 2gas phase; B,M
Δr12.00 ± 0.70kcal/molN/AMarkovich, Perera, et al., 1996gas phase; B
Δr10.60kcal/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1972gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr19.6cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988, 2gas phase; M
Δr20.1cal/mol*KPHPMSYamdagni and Kebarle, 1972gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr5.3 ± 1.3kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988, 2gas phase; B
Δr4.60kcal/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1972gas phase; B

Chlorine anion + Carbon disulfide = (Chlorine anion • Carbon disulfide)

By formula: Cl- + CS2 = (Cl- • CS2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr8.80 ± 0.20kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1993gas phase; B,M
Δr11.7 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1985gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr13.9cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1993gas phase; M
Δr20.cal/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1985gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr4.6 ± 2.2kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1993gas phase; B
Δr5.7 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1985gas phase; B,M

(Chlorine anion • Acetonitrile) + Acetonitrile = (Chlorine anion • 2Acetonitrile)

By formula: (Cl- • C2H3N) + C2H3N = (Cl- • 2C2H3N)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr12.50 ± 0.40kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988, 2gas phase; B,M
Δr12.00 ± 0.70kcal/molN/AMarkovich, Perera, et al., 1996gas phase; B
Δr12.20kcal/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1972gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr16.3cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988, 2gas phase; M
Δr18.9cal/mol*KPHPMSYamdagni and Kebarle, 1972gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr7.6 ± 1.2kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988, 2gas phase; B
Δr6.60kcal/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1972gas phase; B

Chlorine anion + C4H4F6O = (Chlorine anion • C4H4F6O)

By formula: Cl- + C4H4F6O = (Cl- • C4H4F6O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr26.5kcal/molICRLarson and McMahon, 1984, 2gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)HCOOH, Entropy change calculated or estimated, DG>, ΔrH>; Larson and McMahon, 1984; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr25.0cal/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1984, 2gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)HCOOH, Entropy change calculated or estimated, DG>, ΔrH>; Larson and McMahon, 1984; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr19.0kcal/molICRLarson and McMahon, 1984, 2gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)HCOOH, Entropy change calculated or estimated, DG>, ΔrH>; Larson and McMahon, 1984; M

(Chlorine anion • 5Water) + Water = (Chlorine anion • 6Water)

By formula: (Cl- • 5H2O) + H2O = (Cl- • 6H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr8.8 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Mizuse, 1987gas phase; B
Δr8.50kcal/molN/AMarkovich, Pollack, et al., 1994gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
Δr8.8 ± 0.4kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988, 2gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr21.2cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988, 2gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr2.4 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Mizuse, 1987gas phase; B

Chlorine anion + Methane, bromo- = (Chlorine anion • Methane, bromo-)

By formula: Cl- + CH3Br = (Cl- • CH3Br)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr12.5 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsLi, Ross, et al., 1996gas phase; B
Δr10.90 ± 0.50kcal/molTDAsDougherty and Roberts, 1974gas phase; B,M
Δr12.2 ± 3.0kcal/molIMRBRiveros, Breda, et al., 1973gas phase; Anchored: Larson and McMahon, 1984, 3; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr12.8cal/mol*KHPMSDougherty and Roberts, 1974gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr6.80 ± 0.20kcal/molTDAsLi, Ross, et al., 1996gas phase; B
Δr7.1 ± 1.2kcal/molTDAsDougherty and Roberts, 1974gas phase; B

(Chlorine anion • Hydrogen chloride) + Hydrogen chloride = (Chlorine anion • 2Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: (Cl- • HCl) + HCl = (Cl- • 2HCl)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr15.20 ± 0.20kcal/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; B,M
Δr14.0kcal/molPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; switching reaction(Cl- HCl)SO2; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr20.4cal/mol*KPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; switching reaction(Cl- HCl)SO2; M
Δr24.4cal/mol*KPHPMSYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr7.90 ± 0.20kcal/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; B

Chlorine anion + Cl4Th = (Chlorine anion • Cl4Th)

By formula: Cl- + Cl4Th = (Cl- • Cl4Th)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr24.2kcal/molICRLarson and McMahon, 1985gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder(t-C4H9OH), Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr22.cal/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1985gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder(t-C4H9OH), Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr17.6kcal/molICRLarson and McMahon, 1985gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder(t-C4H9OH), Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Chlorine anion + C2H3ClO2 = (Chlorine anion • C2H3ClO2)

By formula: Cl- + C2H3ClO2 = (Cl- • C2H3ClO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr14.1kcal/molICRLarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr21.0cal/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr7.8kcal/molICRLarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr., NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]

Evans and Keesee, 1991
Evans, D.H.; Keesee, R.G., Thermodynamics of Gas-Phase Mixed-Solvent Cluster Ions - Water and Methanol on K+ and Cl- and Comparison to Liquid Solutions, J. Phys. Chem., 1991, 95, 9, 3558, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100162a024 . [all data]

Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987
Hiraoka, K.; Mizuse, S., Gas-Phase Solvation of Cl- with H2O, CH3OH, C2H4OH, i-C3H7OH, n-C3H7OH, and t-C4H9OH, Chem. Phys., 1987, 118, 3, 457, https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-0104(87)85078-4 . [all data]

Sieck, 1985
Sieck, L.W., Thermochemistry of Solvation of NO2- and C6H5NO2- by Polar Molecules in the Vapor Phase. Comparison with Cl- and Variation with Ligand Structure., J. Phys. Chem., 1985, 89, 25, 5552, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100271a049 . [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1984
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Gas phase negative ion chemistry of alkylchloroformates, Can. J. Chem., 1984, 62, 675. [all data]

French, Ikuta, et al., 1982
French, M.A.; Ikuta, S.; Kebarle, P., Hydrogen bonding of O-H and C-H hydrogen donors to Cl-. Results from mass spectrometric measurement of the ion-molecule equilibria RH + Cl- = RHCl-, Can. J. Chem., 1982, 60, 1907. [all data]

Yamdagni, Payzant, et al., 1973
Yamdagni, R.; Payzant, J.D.; Kebarle, P., Solvation of Cl- and O2- with H2O, CH3OH, and CH3CN in the gas phase, Can. J. Chem., 1973, 51, 2507. [all data]

Metz, Kitsopoulos, et al., 1988
Metz, R.B.; Kitsopoulos, T.; Weaver, A.; Neumark, D.M., Study of the Transition State Region in the Cl+HCl Reaction by Photoelectron Spectroscopy of ClHCl-, J. Chem. Phys., 1988, 88, 2, 1463, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.454218 . [all data]

Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985
Caldwell, G.; Kebarle, P., The hydrogen bond energies of the bihalide ions XHX- and YHX-, Can. J. Chem., 1985, 63, 1399. [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1984, 2
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Hydrogen bonding in gas phase anions. An experimental investigation of the interaction between chloride ion and bronsted acids from ICR chloride exchange equilibria, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 517. [all data]

Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974
Yamdagni, R.; Kebarle, P., The hydrogen bond energies in ClHCl- and Cl-(HCl)n, Can. J. Chem., 1974, 52, 2449. [all data]

Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986
Upschulte, B.L.; Evans, D.H.; Keesee, R.G.; Castleman, A.W., Unpublished results, referred to in Keesee and Castleman, 1986, 1986. [all data]

Keesee and Castleman, 1980
Keesee, R.G.; Castleman, A.W., Jr., Gas phase studies of hydration complexes of Cl- and I- and comparison to electrostatic calculations in the gas phase, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1980, 74, 139. [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1987
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Isotope Effects in Proton Transfer Reactions. An Ion Cyclotron Resonance Determination of the Equilibrium Deuterium Isotope Effect in the Bichloride Ion, J. Phys. Chem., 1987, 91, 3, 554, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100287a013 . [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1984, 3
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Fluoride and chloride affinities of main group oxides, fluorides, oxofluorides, and alkyls. Quantitative scales of lewis acidities from ion cyclotron resonance halide-exchange equilibria, J. Phys. Chem., 1984, 88, 1083. [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1985
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Fluoride and chloride affinities of the main group oxides, fluorides, oxofluorides, and alkyls. Quantitative scales of lewis acidities from ICR halide exchange equilibria, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1985, 107, 766. [all data]

Bohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984
Bohringer, H.; Fahey, D.W.; Fehsenfeld, F.C.; Ferguson, E.E., Bond energies of the molecules H2O, SO2, H2O2, and HCl to various atmospheric negative ions, J. Chem. Phys., 1984, 81, 2805. [all data]

Keesee, Lee, et al., 1980
Keesee, R.G.; Lee, N.; Castleman, A.W., Jr., Properties of clusters in the gas phase: V. Complexes of neutral molecules onto negative ions, J. Chem. Phys., 1980, 73, 2195. [all data]

Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974
Fehsenfeld, F.C.; Ferguson, E.E., Laboratory studies of negative ion reactions with atmospheric trace constituents, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 61, 3181. [all data]

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Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988
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Paul and Kebarle, 1991
Paul, G.J.C.; Kebarle, P., Stabilities of Complexes of Br- with Substituted Benzenes (SB) Based on Determinations of the Gas-Phase Equilibria Br- + SB = (BrSB)-, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 4, 1148, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00004a014 . [all data]

Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981
Sunner, J.; Nishizawa, K.; Kebarle, P., Ion - Solvent Molecule Interactions in the Gas Phase. Potassium Ion and Benzene, J. Phys. Chem., 1981, 85, 13, 1814, https://doi.org/10.1021/j150613a011 . [all data]

Chowdhury and Kebarle, 1986
Chowdhury, S.; Kebarle, P., Role of Binding Energies in A-.B and A.B- Complexes in the Kinetics of Gas Phase Electron Transfer Reactions:A- + B = A + B- Involving Perfluoro Compounds: SF6, C6F11CF3, J. Chem. Phys., 1986, 85, 9, 4989, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.451687 . [all data]

Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988, 2
Hiraoka, K.; Mizuse, S.; Yamabe, S., Solvation of Halide Ions with H2O and CH3CN in the Gas Phase, J. Phys. Chem., 1988, 92, 13, 3943, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100324a051 . [all data]

Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970
Arshadi, M.; Yamdagni, R.; Kebarle, P., Hydration of Halide Negative Ions in the Gas Phase. II. Comparison of Hydration Energies for the Alkali Positive and Halide Negative Ions, J. Phys. Chem., 1970, 74, 7, 1475, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100702a014 . [all data]

Yamabe, Furumiya, et al., 1986
Yamabe, S.; Furumiya, Y.; Hiraoka, K.; Morise, K., Theoretical Van't Hoff plots of gas phase ion equilibria of Cl- ion in water, methanol and acetonitrile, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1986, 131, 261. [all data]

Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1972
Yamdagni, R.; Kebarle, P., Solvation of negative ions by protic and aprotic solvents. Gas phase solvation of halide ions by acetonitrile and water molecules, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1972, 94, 2940. [all data]

Li, Ross, et al., 1996
Li, C.; Ross, P.; Szulejko, J.; McMahon, T.B., High-Pressure Mass Spectrometric Investigations of the Potential Energy Surfaces of Gas-Phase Sn2 Reactions., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1996, 118, 39, 9360, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja960565o . [all data]

Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971
Payzant, J.D.; Yamdagni, R.; Kebarle, P., Hydration of CN-, NO2-, NO3-, and HO- in the gas phase, Can. J. Chem., 1971, 49, 3308. [all data]

Kebarle, 1977
Kebarle, P., Ion Thermochemistry and Solvation from Gas Phase Ion Equilibria, Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem., 1977, 28, 1, 445, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pc.28.100177.002305 . [all data]

Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1971
Yamdagni, R.; Kebarle, P., Hydrogen bonding energies to negative ions from gas phase measurements of ionic equilibria, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1971, 93, 7139. [all data]

Bogdanov, Peschke, et al., 1999
Bogdanov, B.; Peschke, M.; Tonner, D.S.; Szulejko, J.E.; McMahon, T.B., Stepwise solvation of halides by alcohol molecules in the gas phase, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 1999, 187, 707-725, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-3806(98)14180-5 . [all data]

Cummings, French, et al., 1977
Cummings, J.B.; French, M.A.; Kebarle, P., Effect of charge delocalization on hydrogen bonding to negative ions and solvation of negative ions. Substituted phenols and phenoxide ions, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1977, 99, 6999. [all data]

Paul and Kebarle, 1990
Paul, G.J.C.; Kebarle, P., Stabilities in the Gas Phase of the Hydrogen Bonded Complexes, YC6H4OH-X-, of Substituted Phenols, YC6H4OH, with the Halide Anions X-(Cl-, Br-), Can. J. Chem., 1990, 68, 11, 2070, https://doi.org/10.1139/v90-316 . [all data]

Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986
Hiraoka, K.; Takimoto, H.; Morise, K.; Shoda, T.; Nakamura, S., Ion-Molecule Reactions in Gaseous Acetone, Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 1986, 59, 7, 2247, https://doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.59.2247 . [all data]

Bofdanov and McMahon, 2002
Bofdanov, B.; McMahon, T.B., Structures, Thermochemistry, and Infrared Spectra of Chloride Ion-Fluorinated Acetone Complexes and Neutral Fluorinated Acetones in the Gas Phase: Experiment and Theory, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 2002, 219, 3, 593-613, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-3806(02)00745-5 . [all data]

Hiraoka, Morise, et al., 1986
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Hiraoka, Mizuno, et al., 2001
Hiraoka, K.; Mizuno, T.; Iino, T.; Eguchi, D.; Yamabe, S., Characteristic changes of bond energies for gas-phase cluster ions of halide ions with methane and chloromethanes, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2001, 105, 20, 4887-4893, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp010143n . [all data]

Giles and Grimsrud, 1993
Giles, K.; Grimsrud, E.P., Measurements of Equilibria and Reactivity of Cluster Ions at Atmospheric Pressure - Reactions of Cl-(CHCl3)0-2 with CH3Br and CH3I, J. Phys. Chem., 1993, 97, 7, 1318, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100109a012 . [all data]

Dougherty, Dalton, et al., 1974
Dougherty, R.C.; Dalton, J.; Roberts, J.D., SN2 reactions in the gas phase: Structure of the transition state, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1974, 8, 77. [all data]

Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994
Markovich, G.; Pollack, S.; Giniger, R.; Cheshnovsky, O., Photoelectron spectroscopy of Cl-, Br-, and I- solvated in water clusters, J. Chem. Phys., 1994, 101, 11, 9344, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.467965 . [all data]

Kebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968
Kebarle, P.; Arshadi, M.; Scarborough, J., Hydration of Negative Ions in the Gas Phase, J. Chem. Phys., 1968, 49, 2, 817, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1670145 . [all data]

Walker and Sunderlin, 1999
Walker, B.W.; Sunderlin, L.S., The thermochemistry of formic acid halide anion clusters, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 1999, 184, 2-3, 183-189, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-3806(99)00008-1 . [all data]

Hiraoka, 1987
Hiraoka, K., Relation Between Gas Phase Stepwise and Bulk Solvation of Cl- with Water and Aliphatic Alcohols, Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 1987, 60, 7, 2555, https://doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.60.2555 . [all data]

Riveros, 1974
Riveros, J.M., Formation and Relative Stability of Negative Clustered Ions by Ion Cyclotron Resonance Spectroscopy, Adv. Mass Spectrom., 1974, 6, 277. [all data]

Riveros, Breda, et al., 1973
Riveros, J.M.; Breda, A.C.; Blair, L.K., Formation and relative stability of chloride ion clusters in the gas phase by ICR spectroscopy, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1973, 95, 4066. [all data]

Martin and Hepburn, 1998
Martin, J.D.D.; Hepburn, J.W., Determination of bond dissociation energies by threshold ion-pair production spectroscopy: An improved D-0(HCl), J. Chem. Phys., 1998, 109, 19, 8139-8142, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.477476 . [all data]

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Fujio, M.; McIver, R.T., Jr.; Taft, R.W., Effects on the acidities of phenols from specific substituent-solvent interactions. Inherent substituent parameters from gas phase acidities, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1981, 103, 4017. [all data]

Check, Faust, et al., 2001
Check, C.E.; Faust, T.O.; Bailey, J.M.; Wright, B.J.; Gilbert, T.M.; Sunderlin, L.S., Addition of Polarization and Diffuse Functions to the LANL2DZ Basis Set for P-Block Elements, J. Phys. Chem. A,, 2001, 105, 34, 8111, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp011945l . [all data]

Tschurl and Boesl, 2008
Tschurl, M.; Boesl, U., IR-photodissociation and photodetachment spectroscopy of Cl-center dot(NH3)(x) (IR : x=1-4, PD : x=1), Chem. Phys. Lett., 2008, 456, 4-6, 150-155, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2008.03.041 . [all data]

Evans, Keesee, et al., 1987
Evans, D.H.; Keesee, R.G.; Castleman Jr., The Association of Ammonia with Halide Ions in the Gas Phase, J. Chem. Phys., 1987, 86, 5, 2927, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.452043 . [all data]

Markovich, Chesnovsky, et al., 1993
Markovich, G.; Chesnovsky, O.; Kaldor, U., Charge Transfer Excitations in the Photoelectron Spectrum of Cl-NH3: Experiment and calculation, J. Chem. Phys, 1993, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.465913 . [all data]

Meot-ner, 1988
Meot-ner, M., Ionic Hydrogen Bond and Ion Solvation. 6. Interaction Energies of the Acetate Ion with Organic Molecules. Comparison of CH3COO- with Cl-, CN-, and SH-, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1988, 110, 12, 3854, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00220a022 . [all data]

Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988
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Arnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995
Arnold, D.W.; Bradforth, S.E.; Kim, E.H.; Neumark, D.M., Study of halogen carbon dioxide clusters and the fluoroformyloxyl radical by photodetachment of X(-)(CO2) (X=I,Cl,Br) and FCO2-, J. Chem. Phys., 1995, 102, 9, 3493, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.468575 . [all data]

Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986
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Markovich, Perera, et al., 1996
Markovich, G.; Perera, L.; Berkowitz, M.L.; Cheshnovsky, O., The Solvation of Cl-, Br-, and I- in Acetonitrile Cluster: Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulations., J. Chem. Phys., 1996, 105, 7, 2675, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.472131 . [all data]

Hiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1993
Hiraoka, K.; Fujimaki, S.; Aruga, K.; Yamabe, S., Bond Strengths of the Gas-Phase Cluster Ions X-(CS2)n (X = F, Cl, Br and I), Chem. Phys. Lett., 1993, 208, 5-6, 491, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(93)87178-6 . [all data]

Dougherty and Roberts, 1974
Dougherty, R.C.; Roberts, J.D., SN2 reactions in the gas phase. Nucleophilicity effects, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1974, 8, 81. [all data]

Keesee and Castleman, 1986
Keesee, R.G.; Castleman, A.W., Jr., Thermochemical data on Ggs-phase ion-molecule association and clustering reactions, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1986, 15, 1011. [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, References