3-Heptene, (E)-

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Donald R. Burgess, Jr.

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas-73.2kJ/molN/AWiberg, Wasserman, et al., 1984Value computed using ΔfHliquid° value of -108.4±0.63 kj/mol from Wiberg, Wasserman, et al., 1984 and ΔvapH° value of 35.2 kj/mol from alkenes correlation.
Δfgas-72.6 ± 0.7kJ/molEqkWiberg, Wasserman, et al., 1984Value computed using ΔfHliquid° from Wiberg, Wasserman, et al., 1984 and ΔvapH° value of 35.8 kJ/mol from Steele and Chirico, 1993.
Δfgas-74.1kJ/molN/AGood, 1976Value computed using ΔfHliquid° value of -109.3±1 kj/mol from Good, 1976 and ΔvapH° value of 35.2 kj/mol from alkenes correlation.
Δfgas-73.5 ± 1.0kJ/molCcbGood, 1976Value computed using ΔfHliquid° from Good, 1976 and ΔvapH° value of 35.8 kJ/mol from Steele and Chirico, 1993.

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfliquid-108.4 ± 0.63kJ/molEqkWiberg, Wasserman, et al., 1984Trifluoroacetolysis, hrxn[kcal/mol]=-9.21±0.03
Δfliquid-109.3 ± 1.0kJ/molCcbGood, 1976 
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δcliquid-4646.04 ± 0.92kJ/molCcbGood, 1976Corresponding Δfliquid = -109.3 kJ/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections)

Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tboil369. ± 1.KAVGN/AAverage of 20 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tfus136.49KN/AStreiff, Hulme, et al., 1955Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.06 K; TRC
Tfus136.49KN/AStreiff, Hulme, et al., 1955Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.06 K; TRC
Tfus136.52KN/AStreiff, Hulme, et al., 1955Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.04 K; TRC
Tfus136.49KN/AAnonymous, 1952Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.06 K; TRC
Tfus136.52KN/AAnonymous, 1952Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.04 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δvap35.6kJ/molN/AReid, 1972AC

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
34.6327.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 312. to 368. K.; AC

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

Hydrogen + 3-Heptene, (E)- = Heptane

By formula: H2 + C7H14 = C7H16

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-114.7 ± 0.3kJ/molChydRogers and Dejroongruang, 1988liquid phase; solvent: Hydrocarbone

1-Heptene = 3-Heptene, (E)-

By formula: C7H14 = C7H14

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-10.9 ± 0.4kJ/molEqkKabo, Andreevskii, et al., 1967gas phase; Heat of isomerization

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference
8.92EIHolmes, Fingas, et al., 1981

IR Spectrum

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Gas Phase Spectrum

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Additional Data

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Owner NIST Standard Reference Data Program
Collection (C) 2018 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
State gas
Instrument HP-GC/MS/IRD

This IR spectrum is from the NIST/EPA Gas-Phase Infrared Database .


Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Mass spectrum
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Additional Data

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Owner NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
NIST MS number 931

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Gas Chromatography

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryMethyl Silicone30.698.4Soják, Addová, et al., 2002He; Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.250 mm
CapillarySqualane30.687.4Soják, Addová, et al., 2002He; Column length: 93. m; Column diameter: 0.250 mm
CapillarySqualane100.687.Heinzen, Soares, et al., 1999 
CapillarySqualane25.687.Hilal, Carreira, et al., 1994 
CapillaryOV-10140.694.Laub and Purnell, 1988 
CapillaryOV-10160.694.Laub and Purnell, 1988 
CapillaryOV-10180.694.Laub and Purnell, 1988 
CapillaryOV-10150.694.Boneva and Dimov, 1986100. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm, N2
CapillaryOV-10170.694.2Boneva and Dimov, 1986100. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm, N2
CapillarySqualane50.687.5Boneva and Dimov, 1986N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane70.687.5Boneva and Dimov, 1986N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryDB-140.698.Lubeck and Sutton, 198460. m/0.264 mm/0.25 μm, H2
CapillaryHP-PONA40.698.Lubeck and Sutton, 198450. m/0.21 mm/0.5 μm, H2
CapillarySqualane50.687.6Bajus, Veselý, et al., 1979Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane80.688.Chrétien and Dubois, 1977 
CapillarySqualane50.688.Chretien and Dubois, 1976 
CapillarySqualane100.692.Lulova, Leont'eva, et al., 1976He; Column length: 120. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane100.692.1Lulova, Leont'eva, et al., 1976He; Column length: 120. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane100.694.Lulova, Leont'eva, et al., 1976He; Column length: 120. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane55.694.Lulova, Leont'eva, et al., 1975He; Column length: 120. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane50.688.Rijks and Cramers, 1974N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane70.687.Rijks and Cramers, 1974N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane100.687.Sojak, Hrivnak, et al., 1973 
CapillarySqualane115.687.Sojak, Hrivnak, et al., 1973 
CapillarySqualane86.688.Sojak, Hrivnak, et al., 1973 
CapillaryApiezon L100.691.3Eisen, Orav, et al., 1972Column length: 45. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane60.687.5Eisen, Orav, et al., 1972Column length: 80. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane60.688.Orav and Eisen, 1972Column length: 80. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane115.687.4Soják and Bucinská, 1970N2; Column length: 200. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm
CapillarySqualane86.687.5Soják and Bucinská, 1970N2; Column length: 200. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm
CapillarySqualane40.690.Matukuma, 1969N2; Column length: 91.4 m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane27.688.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane49.688.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane67.688.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane86.688.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPetrocol DH-100698.4Haagen-Smit Laboratory, 1997He; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Program: 5C(10min) => 5C/min => 50C(48min) => 1.5C/min => 195C(91min)

Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryPEG 4000100.752.Rang, Orav, et al., 1988 
CapillaryPEG 4000110.750.Rang, Orav, et al., 1988 
CapillaryPEG 400060.746.Rang, Orav, et al., 1988 
CapillaryPEG 400070.748.Rang, Orav, et al., 1988 
CapillaryPEG 400080.749.Rang, Orav, et al., 1988 
CapillaryPolyethylene Glycol 400050.747.7Eisen, Orav, et al., 1972Column length: 80. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryPolyethylene Glycol 400060.746.4Eisen, Orav, et al., 1972Column length: 80. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryPolyethylene Glycol 400080.749.0Eisen, Orav, et al., 1972Column length: 80. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryPEG 400060.746.4Orav and Eisen, 1972Column length: 80. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryPEG 400050.747.7Orav and Eisen, 1972Column length: 80. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryPEG 400080.749.Orav and Eisen, 1972Column length: 80. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm

Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-Wax735.Umano and Shibamoto, 1987He, 40. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 200. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryMethyl Silicone697.9Soják, Addová, et al., 2002He, 1. K/min; Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.250 mm; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryUltra-1697.Olson, Sinkevitch, et al., 19924. K/min; Tstart: -40. C; Tend: 230. C
CapillaryPetrocol DH697.5White, Douglas, et al., 1992100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryPetrocol DH697.72White, Douglas, et al., 1992100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryPetrocol DH698.White, Hackett, et al., 1992100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-Wax714.Chung, Eiserich, et al., 1994He, 60. C @ 4. min, 3. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillarySqualane40.687.4Sojak, Addova, et al., 2000He; Column length: 93. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryOV-10140.688.Li and Deng, 1998N2; Column length: 51. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryMethyl Silicone50.688.N/AN2; Column length: 74.6 m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm
CapillarySqualane70.688.Schomburg, 1966 

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane: CP-Sil 5 CB698.Bramston-Cook, 201360. m/0.25 mm/1.0 μm, Helium, 45. C @ 1.45 min, 3.6 K/min, 210. C @ 2.72 min
CapillaryPetrocol DH698.Supelco, 2012100. m/0.25 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 20. C @ 15. min, 15. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min
CapillaryPONA698.Zhang, Ding, et al., 200950. m/0.20 mm/0.50 μm, Nitrogen, 35. C @ 15. min, 2. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
CapillarySE-54696.Guan, Li, et al., 199560. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-1698.Ramnas, Ostermark, et al., 199450. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: -20. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane687.Junkes, Castanho, et al., 2003Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone698.Spieksma, 1999Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1698.Zhu and He, 1999Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1698.Zhu and He, 1999Program: not specified

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Wiberg, Wasserman, et al., 1984
Wiberg, K.B.; Wasserman, D.J.; Martin, E., Enthalpies of hydration of alkenes. 2. The n-heptenes and n-pentenes, J. Phys. Chem., 1984, 88, 3684-3688. [all data]

Steele and Chirico, 1993
Steele, W.V.; Chirico, R.D., Thermodynamic properties of alkenes (mono-olefins larger than C4), J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1993, 22, 377-430. [all data]

Good, 1976
Good, W.D., The enthalpies of formation of five isomeric heptenes, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1976, 8, 67-71. [all data]

Streiff, Hulme, et al., 1955
Streiff, A.J.; Hulme, A.R.; Cowie, P.A.; Krouskop, N.C.; Rossini, F.D., Purification, Purity, and Freezing Points of Sixty-four American Petroleum Institute Standard and Research Hydrocarbons, Anal. Chem., 1955, 27, 411. [all data]

Anonymous, 1952
Anonymous, R., , Physical Properties of Chemical Substances, Dow Chemical Co., 1952. [all data]

Reid, 1972
Reid, Robert C., Handbook on vapor pressure and heats of vaporization of hydrocarbons and related compounds, R. C. Wilhort and B. J. Zwolinski, Texas A Research Foundation. College Station, Texas(1971). 329 pages.$10.00, AIChE J., 1972, 18, 6, 1278-1278, https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180637 . [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Rogers and Dejroongruang, 1988
Rogers, D.W.; Dejroongruang, K., Enthalpies of hydrogenation of the n-heptenes and the methylhexenes, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1988, 20, 675-680. [all data]

Kabo, Andreevskii, et al., 1967
Kabo, G.Ya.; Andreevskii, D.N.; Savinetskaya, G.A., Isomerization equilibrium of n-monochloroheptanes and n-heptenes, Neftekhimiya, 1967, 7, 364-368. [all data]

Holmes, Fingas, et al., 1981
Holmes, J.L.; Fingas, M.; Lossing, F.P., Towards a general scheme for estimating the heats of formation of organic ions in the gas phase. Part I. Odd-electron cations, Can. J. Chem., 1981, 59, 80. [all data]

Soják, Addová, et al., 2002
Soják, L.; Addová, G.; Kubinec, R.; Kraus, A.; Hu, G., Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric characterization of all acyclic C5-C7 alkenes from fluid catalytic cracked gasoline using polydimethylsiloxane and squalane stationary phases, J. Chromatogr. A, 2002, 947, 1, 103-117, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)01564-3 . [all data]

Heinzen, Soares, et al., 1999
Heinzen, V.E.F.; Soares, M.F.; Yunes, R.A., Semi-empirical topological method for the prediction of the chromatographic retention of cis- and trans-alkene isomers and alkanes, J. Chromatogr. A, 1999, 849, 2, 495-506, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00530-0 . [all data]

Hilal, Carreira, et al., 1994
Hilal, S.H.; Carreira, L.A.; Karickhoff, S.W.; Melton, C.M., Estimation of Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Retention Times from Molecular Structure, J. Chromatogr. A, 1994, 662, 2, 269-280, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(94)80515-6 . [all data]

Laub and Purnell, 1988
Laub, R.J.; Purnell, J.H., Specific retention volumes, retention indices, and family-plot regressions of aliphatic, alicyclic, and aromatic hydrocarbon solutes with OV-101 poly (dimethylsiloxane) stationary phase, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1988, 11, 9, 649-660, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240110908 . [all data]

Boneva and Dimov, 1986
Boneva, S.; Dimov, N., Gas Chromatographic Retention Indices for Alkenes on OV-101 and Squalane Capillary Columns, Chromatographia, 1986, 21, 3, 149-151, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02311743 . [all data]

Lubeck and Sutton, 1984
Lubeck, A.J.; Sutton, D.L., Kovats Retention Indices of Selected Olefins on Bonded Phase Fused Silica Capillaries, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1984, 7, 9, 542-544, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070913 . [all data]

Bajus, Veselý, et al., 1979
Bajus, M.; Veselý, V.; Leclercq, P.A.; Rijks, J.A., Steam cracking of hydrocarbons. 1. Pyrolysis of heptane, Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 1979, 18, 1, 30-37, https://doi.org/10.1021/i360069a007 . [all data]

Chrétien and Dubois, 1977
Chrétien, J.R.; Dubois, J.E., Topological analysis of gas-liquid chromatographic behavior of alkenes, Anal. Chem., 1977, 49, 6, 747-756, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50014a021 . [all data]

Chretien and Dubois, 1976
Chretien, J.R.; Dubois, J.-E., New Perspectives in the Prediction of Kovats Indices, J. Chromatogr., 1976, 126, 171-189, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)84071-1 . [all data]

Lulova, Leont'eva, et al., 1976
Lulova, N.I.; Leont'eva, S.A.; Timofeeva, A.N., Gas-chromatographic method of determination of individual hydrocarbons in catalytic cracking gasolines in Proceedings of All-Union Research Institute on Oil Processes. Vol.18, All-Union Research Institute on Oil Processes, Moscow, 1976, 30-53. [all data]

Lulova, Leont'eva, et al., 1975
Lulova, N.I.; Leont'eva, S.A.; Fedosova, A.K.; Kvasova, V.A., Individual composition of hydrocarbons in naphthas from secondary processes, Chem. Technol. Fuels Oils (Engl. Transl.), 1975, 11, 1/2, 59-64, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00717315 . [all data]

Rijks and Cramers, 1974
Rijks, J.A.; Cramers, C.A., High precision capillary gas chromatography of hydrocarbons, Chromatographia, 1974, 7, 3, 99-106, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02269819 . [all data]

Sojak, Hrivnak, et al., 1973
Sojak, L.; Hrivnak, J.; Majer, P.; Janak, J., Capillary Gas Chromatography of Linear Alkenes on Squalane, Anal. Chem., 1973, 45, 2, 293-302, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60324a039 . [all data]

Eisen, Orav, et al., 1972
Eisen, O.; Orav, A.; Rang, S., Identifizierung von Normal-Alkenen, Cyclopentenen und -Hexenen mittels Kapillar-Gas-Chromatographie. Identification des alcènes, cyclopentènes et -hexènes à l'aide de la chromatogrpahie en phase gazeuse sur colonne capillaire, Chromatographia, 1972, 5, 11, 229-239, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02270600 . [all data]

Orav and Eisen, 1972
Orav, A.; Eisen, O., The retention indexes for alkenes, alkynes and cyclenes on capillary columns, Izv. Akad. Nauk Est. SSR, Khim. Geol., 1972, 21, 1, 39-47. [all data]

Soják and Bucinská, 1970
Soják, L.; Bucinská, A., Open tubular column gas chromatography of dehydrogenation products of C6-C10 n-alkanes. Separation and identification of mixtures of C6-C10 straight-chain alkanes, alkenes and aromatics, J. Chromatogr., 1970, 51, 75-82, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)96841-4 . [all data]

Matukuma, 1969
Matukuma, A., Retention indices of alkanes through C10 and alkenes through C8 and relation between boiling points and retention data, Gas Chromatogr., Int. Symp. Anal. Instrum. Div Instrum Soc. Amer., 1969, 7, 55-75. [all data]

Hively and Hinton, 1968
Hively, R.A.; Hinton, R.E., Variation of the retention index with temperature on squalane substrates, J. Gas Chromatogr., 1968, 6, 4, 203-217, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/6.4.203 . [all data]

Haagen-Smit Laboratory, 1997
Haagen-Smit Laboratory, Procedure for the detailed hydrocarbon analysis of gasolines by single column high efficiency (capillary) column gas chromatography, SOP NO. MLD 118, Revision No. 1.1, California Environmental Protection Agency, Air Resources Board, El Monte, California, 1997, 22. [all data]

Rang, Orav, et al., 1988
Rang, S.A.; Orav, A.E.; Kuningas, K.R.; Meister, A.E.; Strense, T.V.; Eisen, O.G., Gas-Chromatographic Characteristics of unsaturated hydrocarbons, Academy of Sciences of Estonia SSR, Tallinn, Estonia SSR, 1988, 208. [all data]

Umano and Shibamoto, 1987
Umano, K.; Shibamoto, T., Analysis of headspace volatiles from overheated beef fat, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1987, 35, 1, 14-18, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00073a004 . [all data]

Olson, Sinkevitch, et al., 1992
Olson, K.L.; Sinkevitch, R.M.; Sloane, T.M., Speciation and Quantitation of Hydrocarbons in Gasoline Engine Exhaust, J. Chromatogr. Sci., 1992, 30, 12, 500-508, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/30.12.500 . [all data]

White, Douglas, et al., 1992
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Notes

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