Heptane

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Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tboil371.5 ± 0.3KAVGN/AAverage of 215 out of 227 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tfus182.6 ± 0.4KAVGN/AAverage of 51 out of 52 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Ttriple182.56 ± 0.03KAVGN/AAverage of 26 out of 31 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tc540. ± 2.KAVGN/AAverage of 27 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Pc27.0 ± 0.3atmAVGN/AAverage of 18 out of 19 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Vc0.428l/molN/AAmbrose and Tsonopoulos, 1995 
Vc0.425l/molN/AZawisza and Vejrosta, 1982Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.001 l/mol; Visual; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ρc2.35 ± 0.07mol/lAVGN/AAverage of 12 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δvap8.6 ± 0.8kcal/molAVGN/AAverage of 7 values; Individual data points

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
7.593371.6N/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
8.29345.N/ASegura, Wisniak, et al., 2002Based on data from 330. to 371. K.; AC
8.41343.N/AOrtega, González, et al., 2001Based on data from 328. to 393. K.; AC
8.63312.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 297. to 375. K. See also Forziati, Norris, et al., 1949.; AC
8.63313.N/AMichou-Saucet, Jose, et al., 1984Based on data from 298. to 338. K.; AC
8.63313.N/ASipowska and Wieczorek, 1984Based on data from 298. to 363. K.; AC
8.51 ± 0.02313.CMajer, Svoboda, et al., 1979AC
8.22 ± 0.02333.CMajer, Svoboda, et al., 1979AC
7.91 ± 0.02353.CMajer, Svoboda, et al., 1979AC
8.70303.N/AVan Ness, Soczek, et al., 1967Based on data from 288. to 348. K.; AC
8.25 ± 0.02331.CWaddington, Todd, et al., 1947AC
7.93 ± 0.02350.CWaddington, Todd, et al., 1947AC
8.46328.N/AThomson, 1946Based on data from 313. to 398. K.; AC
8.60314.MMWillingham, Taylor, et al., 1945Based on data from 299. to 372. K.; AC
7.65371.CPitzer K.S., 1940AC
8.48325.EBSmith, 1940Based on data from 310. to 397. K.; AC

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH = A exp(-βTr) (1 − Tr)β
    ΔvapH = Enthalpy of vaporization (at saturation pressure) (kcal/mol)
    Tr = reduced temperature (T / Tc)

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Temperature (K) A (kcal/mol) β Tc (K) Reference Comment
298. to 363.12.830.2831540.2Majer and Svoboda, 1985 

Antoine Equation Parameters

log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (atm)
    T = temperature (K)

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Temperature (K) A B C Reference Comment
185.29 to 295.604.812321635.409-27.338Carruth and Kobayashi, 1973Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.
299.07 to 372.434.022611268.636-56.199Williamham, Taylor, et al., 1945 

Enthalpy of sublimation

ΔsubH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
13.8183.BBondi, 1963AC

Enthalpy of fusion

ΔfusH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
3.3437182.57Van Miltenburg, Van den Berg, et al., 1987DH
3.3587182.59Schaake, Offringa, et al., 1979DH
3.3549182.55Huffman, Gross, et al., 1961DH
3.3549182.55McCullough and Messerly, 1961DH
3.3513182.56Douglas, Furukawa, et al., 1954DH
3.3513182.56Ginnings and Furukawa, 1953DH
3.35581182.52Pitzer K.S., 1940DH
3.3602182.7Meijer, Blok, et al., 1977DH
3.3607182.56Van Miltenburg, 1972DH
3.35339182.56Oetting F.L., 1963DH
3.356182.6Domalski and Hearing, 1996AC
3.3850182.2Huffman, Parks, et al., 1930DH
3.3850182.2Parks, Huffman, et al., 1930DH

Entropy of fusion

ΔfusS (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
18.39182.59Schaake, Offringa, et al., 1979DH
18.38182.55Huffman, Gross, et al., 1961DH
18.38182.55McCullough and Messerly, 1961DH
18.84182.56Douglas, Furukawa, et al., 1954DH
18.36182.56Ginnings and Furukawa, 1953DH
18.39182.52Pitzer K.S., 1940DH
18.4182.7Meijer, Blok, et al., 1977DH
18.41182.56Van Miltenburg, 1972DH
18.36182.56Oetting F.L., 1963DH
18.58182.2Huffman, Parks, et al., 1930DH
18.58182.2Parks, Huffman, et al., 1930DH

Temperature of phase transition

Ttrs (K) Initial Phase Final Phase Reference Comment
182.586crystaline, IliquidHolzhauer and Ziegler, 1975DH

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
IE (evaluated)9.93 ± 0.10eVN/AN/AL

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
10.15ESTLuo and Pacey, 1992LL
9.93 ± 0.10EVALLias, 1982LBLHLM
9.83 ± 0.15EQMautner(Meot-Ner), Sieck, et al., 1981LLK
9.91EQLias, Ausloos, et al., 1976LLK
9.90 ± 0.05PIBrehm, 1966RDSH
10.16PETurner and Al-Joboury, 1964RDSH
10.08PIWatanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962RDSH

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
CH3+27.9 ± 0.2?EIOlmsted, Street, et al., 1964RDSH
C2H5+12.89?EIPotzinger and Bunau, 1969RDSH
C3H5+12.7 ± 0.1?PIBrehm, 1966RDSH
C3H6+10.7 ± 0.1C4H10PIBrehm, 1966RDSH
C3H6+10.97 ± 0.08C4H10PISteiner, Giese, et al., 1961RDSH
C3H7+11.58?EIPotzinger and Bunau, 1969RDSH
C3H7+11.05 ± 0.05?PIBrehm, 1966RDSH
C4H7+11.5 ± 0.1?PIBrehm, 1966RDSH
C4H8+10.56 ± 0.05C3H8PIBrehm, 1966RDSH
C4H8+10.97 ± 0.03C3H8PISteiner, Giese, et al., 1961RDSH
C4H9+10.72C3H7EIPotzinger and Bunau, 1969RDSH
C4H9+10.56 ± 0.05C3H7PIBrehm, 1966RDSH
C4H9+11.19 ± 0.07C3H7PISteiner, Giese, et al., 1961RDSH
C5H10+10.33C2H6EILewis and Hamill, 1970RDSH
C5H10+10.40 ± 0.05C2H6PIBrehm, 1966RDSH
C5H10+11.035 ± 0.025C2H6PISteiner, Giese, et al., 1961RDSH
C5H11+10.66C2H5EIPotzinger and Bunau, 1969RDSH
C5H11+10.43 ± 0.05C2H5PIBrehm, 1966RDSH
C5H11+10.96 ± 0.085C2H5PISteiner, Giese, et al., 1961RDSH
C6H12+11.145 ± 0.035CH4PISteiner, Giese, et al., 1961RDSH
C6H13+10.7 ± 0.1CH3PIBrehm, 1966RDSH
C6H13+10.93 ± 0.11CH3PISteiner, Giese, et al., 1961RDSH

References

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Ambrose and Tsonopoulos, 1995
Ambrose, D.; Tsonopoulos, C., Vapor-Liquid Critical Properties of Elements and Compounds. 2. Normal Alkenes, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1995, 40, 531-546. [all data]

Zawisza and Vejrosta, 1982
Zawisza, A.; Vejrosta, J., High-pressure liquid-vapor equilibria, critical stat, and p(V, T, x) up to 573.15 K and 5.066 MPa for (heptane + propan-1-ol), J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1982, 14, 239-49. [all data]

Majer and Svoboda, 1985
Majer, V.; Svoboda, V., Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300. [all data]

Segura, Wisniak, et al., 2002
Segura, Hugo; Wisniak, Jaime; Galindo, Graciela; Reich, Ricardo, Phase Equilibria in the Systems 1-Hexene + Heptane and 1-Hexene + Ethyl 1,1-Dimethylethyl Ether + Heptane at 94.00 kPa, Physics and Chemistry of Liquids, 2002, 40, 1, 67-81, https://doi.org/10.1080/00319100208086650 . [all data]

Ortega, González, et al., 2001
Ortega, Juan; González, Carmelo; Galván, Salvador, Vapor-Liquid Equilibria for Binary Systems Composed of a Propyl Ester (Ethanoate, Propanoate, Butanoate) + an n -Alkane (C 7 , C 9 ), J. Chem. Eng. Data, 2001, 46, 4, 904-912, https://doi.org/10.1021/je000358a . [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Forziati, Norris, et al., 1949
Forziati, Alphonse F.; Norris, William R.; Rossini, Frederick D., Vapor pressures and boiling points of sixty API-NBS hydrocarbons, J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN., 1949, 43, 6, 555-17, https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.043.050 . [all data]

Michou-Saucet, Jose, et al., 1984
Michou-Saucet, Marie-Annie; Jose, Jacques; Michou-Saucet, Christian; Merlin, J.C., Pressions de vapeur et enthalpies libres d'exces de systemes binaires: Hexamethylphosphorotriamide (HMPT) + n-hexane; n-heptane; n-octane: A 298,15 K; 303,15 K; 313,15 K; 323,15 K; 333,15 K, Thermochimica Acta, 1984, 75, 1-2, 85-106, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(84)85009-1 . [all data]

Sipowska and Wieczorek, 1984
Sipowska, Jadwiga T.; Wieczorek, Stefan A., Vapour pressures and excess Gibbs free energies of (cyclohexanol + n-heptane) between 303.147 and 373.278 K, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 1984, 16, 7, 693-699, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(84)90051-X . [all data]

Majer, Svoboda, et al., 1979
Majer, Vladimír; Svoboda, Václav; Hála, Slavoj; Pick, Jirí, Temperature dependence of heats of vaporization of saturated hydrocarbons C5-C8; Experimental data and an estimation method, Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun., 1979, 44, 3, 637-651, https://doi.org/10.1135/cccc19790637 . [all data]

Van Ness, Soczek, et al., 1967
Van Ness, Hendrick C.; Soczek, C.A.; Peloquin, G.L.; Machado, R.L., Thermodynamic excess properties of three alcohol-hydrocarbon systems, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1967, 12, 2, 217-224, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60033a017 . [all data]

Waddington, Todd, et al., 1947
Waddington, Guy; Todd, Samuel S.; Huffman, Hugh M., An Improved Flow Calorimeter. Experimental Vapor Heat Capacities and Heats of Vaporization of n-Heptane and 2,2,3-Trimethylbutane 1, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1947, 69, 1, 22-30, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01193a007 . [all data]

Thomson, 1946
Thomson, George Wm., The Antoine Equation for Vapor-pressure Data., Chem. Rev., 1946, 38, 1, 1-39, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60119a001 . [all data]

Willingham, Taylor, et al., 1945
Willingham, C.B.; Taylor, W.J.; Pignocco, J.M.; Rossini, F.D., Vapor pressures and boiling points of some paraffin, alkylcyclopentane, alkylcyclohexane, and alkylbenzene hydrocarbons, J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN., 1945, 35, 3, 219-17, https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.035.009 . [all data]

Pitzer K.S., 1940
Pitzer K.S., The thermodynamics of n-heptane and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, including heat capacities, heats of fusion and vaporization and entropies, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1940, 62, 1224-1227. [all data]

Smith, 1940
Smith, E.R., Boiling points of n-heptane and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane over the range 100- to 1,500-millimeter pressure, J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN., 1940, 24, 3, 229-17, https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.024.010 . [all data]

Carruth and Kobayashi, 1973
Carruth, Grant F.; Kobayashi, Riki, Vapor pressure of normal paraffins ethane through n-decane from their triple points to about 10 mm mercury, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1973, 18, 2, 115-126, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60057a009 . [all data]

Williamham, Taylor, et al., 1945
Williamham, C.B.; Taylor, W.J.; Pignocco, J.M.; Rossini, F.D., Vapor Pressures and Boiling Points of Some Paraffin, Alkylcyclopentane, Alkylcyclohexane, and Alkylbenzene Hydrocarbons, J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), 1945, 35, 3, 219-244, https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.035.009 . [all data]

Bondi, 1963
Bondi, A., Heat of Siblimation of Molecular Crystals: A Catalog of Molecular Structure Increments., J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1963, 8, 3, 371-381, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60018a027 . [all data]

Van Miltenburg, Van den Berg, et al., 1987
Van Miltenburg, J.C.; Van den Berg, G.J.K.; Van Bommel, M.J., Construction of an adiabatic calorimeter. Measurements of the molar heat capacity of synthetic sapphire and of n-heptane, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1987, 19, 1129-1137. [all data]

Schaake, Offringa, et al., 1979
Schaake, R.C.F.; Offringa, J.C.A.; van der Berg, G.J.K.; van Miltenburg, J.C., Phase transitions in solids, studied by adiabatic calorimetry. I. Design and test of an automatic adiabatic calorimeter, J. Royal Netherlands Chem. Soc., 1979, 98, 408-412. [all data]

Huffman, Gross, et al., 1961
Huffman, H.M.; Gross, M.E.; Scott, D.W.; McCullough, I.P., Low temperature thermodynamic properties of six isomeric heptanes, J. Phys. Chem., 1961, 65, 495-503. [all data]

McCullough and Messerly, 1961
McCullough, J.P.; Messerly, J.F., The chemical thermodynamic properties of hydrocarbons and related substances, Bureau of Mines Bulletin, 1961, 596, pp. [all data]

Douglas, Furukawa, et al., 1954
Douglas, T.B.; Furukawa, G.T.; McCoskey, R.E.; Ball, A.F., Calorimetric properties of normal heptane from 0 to 520 K, J. Res., 1954, NBS 53, 139-153. [all data]

Ginnings and Furukawa, 1953
Ginnings, D.C.; Furukawa, G.T., Heat capacity standards for the range 14 to 1200°K, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1953, 75, 522-527. [all data]

Meijer, Blok, et al., 1977
Meijer, E.L.; Blok, J.G.; Kroon, J.; Oonk, H.A.J., The carvoxime system. IV. Heat capacities and enthalpies of melting of DL-carvoxime, L-carvoxime and standard n-heptane, Thermochim. Acta, 1977, 20, 325-334. [all data]

Van Miltenburg, 1972
Van Miltenburg, J.C., Construction of an adiabatic calorimeter. Thermodynamic properties of standard n-heptane from 155 to 270K and of 2,2-dichloropropane from 135 to 270K, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1972, 4, 773-782. [all data]

Oetting F.L., 1963
Oetting F.L., The heat capacity and entropy of 2-methyl-2-propanol from 15 to 330 K, J. Phys. Chem., 1963, 67, 2757-2761. [all data]

Domalski and Hearing, 1996
Domalski, Eugene S.; Hearing, Elizabeth D., Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase. Volume III, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1996, 25, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555985 . [all data]

Huffman, Parks, et al., 1930
Huffman, H.M.; Parks, G.S.; Thomas, S.B., Thermal data on organic compounds. VIII. The heat capacities, entropies and free energies of the isomeric heptanes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1930, 52, 3241-3251. [all data]

Parks, Huffman, et al., 1930
Parks, G.S.; Huffman, H.M.; Thomas, S.B., Thermal data on organic compounds. VI. The heat capacities, entropies and free energies of some saturated, non-benzenoid hydrocarbons, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1930, 52, 1032-1041. [all data]

Holzhauer and Ziegler, 1975
Holzhauer, J.K.; Ziegler, W.T., Temperature dependence of excess thermodynamic properties of n-heptane-toluene, methylcyclohexane-toluene, and n-heptane-methylcyclohexane systems, J. Phys. Chem., 1975, 79(6), 590-604. [all data]

Luo and Pacey, 1992
Luo, Y.-R.; Pacey, P.D., Effects of alkyl substitution on ionization energies of alkanes and haloalkanes and on heats of formation of their molecular cations. Part 2. Alkanes and chloro-, bromo- and iodoalkanes, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 1992, 112, 63. [all data]

Lias, 1982
Lias, S.G., Thermochemical information from ion-molecule rate constants, Ion Cyclotron Reson. Spectrom. 1982, 1982, 409. [all data]

Mautner(Meot-Ner), Sieck, et al., 1981
Mautner(Meot-Ner), M.; Sieck, L.W.; Ausloos, P., Ionization of normal alkanes: Enthalpy, entropy, structural, and isotope effects, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1981, 103, 5342. [all data]

Lias, Ausloos, et al., 1976
Lias, S.G.; Ausloos, P.; Horvath, Z., Charge transfer reactions in alkane and cycloalkane systems. Estimated ionization potentials, Int. J. Chem. Kinet., 1976, 8, 725. [all data]

Brehm, 1966
Brehm, B., Massenspektrometrische Untersuchung der Photoionisation von Molekulen, Z. Naturforsch., 1966, 21a, 196. [all data]

Turner and Al-Joboury, 1964
Turner, D.W.; Al-Joboury, M.I., Molecular photoelectron spectroscopy, Bull. Soc. Chim. Belges, 1964, 73, 428. [all data]

Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962
Watanabe, K.; Nakayama, T.; Mottl, J., Ionization potentials of some molecules, J. Quant. Spectry. Radiative Transfer, 1962, 2, 369. [all data]

Olmsted, Street, et al., 1964
Olmsted, J., III; Street, K., Jr.; Newton, A.S., Excess-kinetic-energy ions in organic mass spectra, J. Chem. Phys., 1964, 40, 2114. [all data]

Potzinger and Bunau, 1969
Potzinger, P.; Bunau, G.v., Empirische Beruksichtigung von Uberschussenergien bei der Auftrittspotentialbestimmung, Ber. Bunsen-Ges. Phys. Chem., 1969, 73, 466. [all data]

Steiner, Giese, et al., 1961
Steiner, B.; Giese, C.F.; Inghram, M.G., Photoionization of alkanes. Dissociation of excited molecular ions, J. Chem. Phys., 1961, 34, 189. [all data]

Lewis and Hamill, 1970
Lewis, D.; Hamill, W.H., Excited states of neutral molecular fragments from appearance potentials by electron impact in a mass spectrometer, J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 52, 6348. [all data]


Notes

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