Ethyl Acetate

Formula: C₄H₈O₂
Molecular weight: 88.1051
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C4H8O2/c1-3-6-4(2)5/h3H2,1-2H3
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 141-78-6
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
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Other names: Acetic acid, ethyl ester; Acetic ether; Acetidin; Acetoxyethane; Ethyl acetic ester; Ethyl ethanoate; Vinegar naphtha; CH3COOC2H5; Aethylacetat; Essigester; Ethyle (acetate d'); Etile (acetato di); Ethylacetaat; Ethylester kyseliny octove; Rcra waste number U112; UN 1173; Ethyl ester of acetic acid; 1-Acetoxyethane; NSC 70930; ac. acetic ethyl ester
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_fH°_gas	-106.46 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	Cm	Wiberg, Crocker, et al., 1991	ALS
Δ_fH°_gas	-106.3 ± 0.1	kcal/mol	Cm	Wiberg and Waldron, 1991	Heat of hydrolysis; ALS
Δ_fH°_gas	-106.1	kcal/mol	N/A	Fenwick, Harrop, et al., 1978	Value computed using Δ_fH_liquid° value of -478.8±0.7 kj/mol from Fenwick, Harrop, et al., 1978 and Δ_vapH° value of 35.1 kj/mol from Wiberg and Waldron, 1991.; DRB
Δ_fH°_gas	-106.8	kcal/mol	N/A	Butwill and Rockenfeller, 1970	Value computed using Δ_fH_liquid° value of -482.0±4.0 kj/mol from Butwill and Rockenfeller, 1970 and Δ_vapH° value of 35.1 kj/mol from Wiberg and Waldron, 1991.; DRB
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
S°_gas	86.699	cal/mol*K	N/A	Stull D.R., 1969	The value of 377.02 J/molK was determined from equilibrium study [ Vvedenskii A.A., 1949]. The S(298.15 K)=365.6 J/molK was calculated from data for related compounds by difference method [ Dorofeeva O.V., 1997]. Please also see Parks G.S., 1933.; GT

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

C_p,gas (cal/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
30.072	360.	Connett J.E., 1976	GT
31.324	380.
32.557	400.
34.130	425.
35.724	450.

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

C_p,gas (cal/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
27.161	298.15	Stull D.R., 1969	Selected values were based on extrapolation of heat capacity data [ Bennewitz K., 1938, Jatkar S.K.K., 1939] to high temperatures.; GT
27.239	300.
32.839	400.
38.700	500.
43.650	600.
47.689	700.
51.011	800.
53.750	900.
56.049	1000.

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

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Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_fH°_liquid	-114.86 ± 0.19	kcal/mol	Cm	Wiberg, Crocker, et al., 1991	ALS
Δ_fH°_liquid	-114.69 ± 0.11	kcal/mol	Cm	Wiberg and Waldron, 1991	Heat of hydrolysis; ALS
Δ_fH°_liquid	-114.44 ± 0.17	kcal/mol	Ccb	Fenwick, Harrop, et al., 1978	ALS
Δ_fH°_liquid	-115.20 ± 0.95	kcal/mol	Ccb	Butwill and Rockenfeller, 1970	ALS
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_cH°_liquid	-535.02 ± 0.11	kcal/mol	Ccb	Fenwick, Harrop, et al., 1978	Corresponding Δ_fHº_liquid = -114.44 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS
Δ_cH°_liquid	-534.27 ± 0.94	kcal/mol	Ccb	Butwill and Rockenfeller, 1970	Corresponding Δ_fHº_liquid = -115.19 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS
Δ_cH°_liquid	-539.1	kcal/mol	Ccb	Roth and Muller, 1929	Corresponding Δ_fHº_liquid = -110.4 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS
Δ_cH°_liquid	-536.9	kcal/mol	Ccb	Guinchant, 1918	Corresponding Δ_fHº_liquid = -112.6 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
S°_liquid	62.00	cal/mol*K	N/A	Parks, Huffman, et al., 1933	Extrapolation below 90 K, 62.80 J/mol*K.; DH

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

C_p,liquid (cal/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
40.378	298.15	Pintos, Bravo, et al., 1988	DH
40.772	298.32	Zabransky, Hynek, et al., 1987	T = 294 to 340 K. Unsmoothed experimental datum.; DH
40.464	298.15	Jimenez, Romani, et al., 1986	DH
40.406	298.15	Baluja, Bravo, et al., 1985	DH
40.54	298.15	Costas and Patterson, 1985	T = 283.15, 298.15, 313.15 K.; DH
40.54	298.15	Costas and Patterson, 1985, 2	DH
40.01	298.15	Fuchs, 1979	DH
40.51	298.1	Roux, Perron, et al., 1978	T = 283 to 313 K.; DH
40.349	303.61	Zhdanov, 1945	T = 5 to 46°C. Value is unsmoothed experimental datum.; DH
37.69	290.	Kurnakov and Voskresenskaya, 1936	DH
40.440	293.6	Parks, Huffman, et al., 1933	T = 92 to 294 K. Value is unsmoothed experimental datum.; DH

Phase change data

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Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_boil	350.2 ± 0.2	K	AVG	N/A	Average of 58 out of 72 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_fus	190. ± 1.	K	AVG	N/A	Average of 6 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_triple	189.3	K	N/A	Wilhoit, Chao, et al., 1985	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.05 K; TRC
T_triple	189.3	K	N/A	Parks, Huffman, et al., 1933, 2	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2 K; TRC
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_c	530. ± 20.	K	AVG	N/A	Average of 7 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
P_c	38.31	atm	N/A	Ambrose, Ellender, et al., 1981	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.0382 atm; Visual; TRC
P_c	37.80	atm	N/A	Young, 1910	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.8000 atm; TRC
P_c	38.013	atm	N/A	Young and Thomas, 1893	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.39 atm; TRC
P_c	39.65	atm	N/A	Nadezhdin, 1887	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 2.0000 atm; TRC
P_c	42.24	atm	N/A	Sajots, 1879	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 4.000 atm; TRC
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
ρ_c	3.492	mol/l	N/A	Young, 1910	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.06 mol/l; TRC
ρ_c	3.497	mol/l	N/A	Young and Thomas, 1893	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.05 mol/l; TRC
ρ_c	3.397	mol/l	N/A	Nadezhdin, 1887	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.06 mol/l; TRC
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_vapH°	8.3 ± 0.4	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 9 values; Individual data points

Enthalpy of vaporization

Δ_vapH (kcal/mol)	Temperature (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.634	350.3	N/A	Majer and Svoboda, 1985
8.15	315.	N/A	Hernández and Ortega, 1997	Based on data from 300. to 390. K.; AC
8.53	303.	A	Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987	Based on data from 288. to 351. K. See also Polák and Mertl, 1965 and Dykyj, 1971.; AC
8.77	286.	N/A	Ambrose, Ellender, et al., 1981, 2	Based on data from 271. to 373. K. See also Boublik, Fried, et al., 1984.; AC
8.27 ± 0.02	313.	C	Svoboda, Uchytilová, et al., 1980	AC
7.50 ± 0.02	343.	C	Svoboda, Uchytilová, et al., 1980	AC
8.08 ± 0.02	326.	C	Svoboda, Veselý, et al., 1977	AC
7.98 ± 0.02	331.	C	Svoboda, Veselý, et al., 1977	AC
7.74 ± 0.02	344.	C	Svoboda, Veselý, et al., 1977	AC
7.62 ± 0.02	351.	C	Svoboda, Veselý, et al., 1977	AC
7.41 ± 0.02	363.	C	Svoboda, Veselý, et al., 1977	AC
8.13	320.	N/A	Connett, Counsell, et al., 1976	AC
7.62	350.	N/A	Connett, Counsell, et al., 1976	AC

Enthalpy of vaporization

Δ_vapH = A exp(-βT_r) (1 − T_r)^β
Δ_vapH = Enthalpy of vaporization (at saturation pressure) (kcal/mol)
T_r = reduced temperature (T / T_c)

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Temperature (K)	A (kcal/mol)	β	T_c (K)	Reference	Comment
298. to 363.	12.97	0.2982	523.2	Majer and Svoboda, 1985

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
P = vapor pressure (atm)
T = temperature (K)

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Temperature (K)	A	B	C	Reference	Comment
288.73 to 348.98	4.22238	1245.702	-55.189	Polák and Mertl, 1965	Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

Enthalpy of fusion

Δ_fusH (kcal/mol)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
2.505	189.3	Acree, 1991	AC
2.5050	189.3	Parks, Huffman, et al., 1933	DH

Entropy of fusion

Δ_fusS (cal/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
13.21	189.3	Parks, Huffman, et al., 1933	DH

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:

Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compiled as indicated in comments:
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
B - John E. Bartmess
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

C₃H₉Si⁺ + Ethyl Acetate = (C₃H₉Si⁺ • )

By formula: C₃H₉Si⁺ + C₄H₈O₂ = (C₃H₉Si⁺ • C₄H₈O₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	48.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Wojtyniak and Stone, 1986	gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder((CH3)3Si+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	31.4	cal/mol*K	N/A	Wojtyniak and Stone, 1986	gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder((CH3)3Si+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
34.0	468.	PHPMS	Wojtyniak and Stone, 1986	gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder((CH3)3Si+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₃H₉Sn⁺ + Ethyl Acetate = (C₃H₉Sn⁺ • )

By formula: C₃H₉Sn⁺ + C₄H₈O₂ = (C₃H₉Sn⁺ • C₄H₈O₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	40.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Stone and Splinter, 1984	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)3Sn+)CH3OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	33.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Stone and Splinter, 1984	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)3Sn+)CH3OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
22.9	525.	PHPMS	Stone and Splinter, 1984	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)3Sn+)CH3OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₄H₇O₂^- + = Ethyl Acetate

By formula: C₄H₇O₂^- + H⁺ = C₄H₈O₂

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	371.7 ± 4.1	kcal/mol	G+TS	Haas, Giblin, et al., 1998	gas phase; From transesterification equilibria; B
Δ_rH°	368.9 ± 1.2	kcal/mol	EIAE	Muftakhov, Vasil'ev, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	365.0 ± 4.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Haas, Giblin, et al., 1998	gas phase; From transesterification equilibria; B

C₄H₉O₂⁺ + Ethyl Acetate = (C₄H₉O₂⁺ • )

By formula: C₄H₉O₂⁺ + C₄H₈O₂ = (C₄H₉O₂⁺ • C₄H₈O₂)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	29.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Szulejko and McMahon, 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	34.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Szulejko and McMahon, 1991	gas phase; M

+ Ethyl Acetate = ( • )

By formula: NO^- + C₄H₈O₂ = (NO^- • C₄H₈O₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	41.5	kcal/mol	ICR	Reents and Freiser, 1981	gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder(NO+)C2H5OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Farid and McMahon, 1978; M

+ = Ethyl Acetate

By formula: C₄H₆O₂ + H₂ = C₄H₈O₂

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-30.9 ± 1.1	kcal/mol	Chyd	Vilcu and Perisanu, 1980	liquid phase; ALS
Δ_rH°	-31.12 ± 0.06	kcal/mol	Chyd	Dolliver, Gresham, et al., 1938	gas phase; At 355 °K; ALS

+ = Ethyl Acetate + +

By formula: C₉H₁₆N₂O₂ + H₂O = C₄H₈O₂ + C₃H₄N₂ + C₂H₆O

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-10.68 ± 0.16	kcal/mol	Cm	Guthrie and Pike, 1987	liquid phase; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS

Ethyl Acetate + = +

By formula: C₄H₈O₂ + H₂O = C₂H₆O + C₂H₄O₂

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	0.89 ± 0.04	kcal/mol	Cm	Wadso, 1958	liquid phase; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS

+ = Ethyl Acetate +

By formula: C₂H₆O + C₂H₄O₂ = C₄H₈O₂ + H₂O

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	3.97 ± 0.08	kcal/mol	Eqk	Halford and Brundage, 1942	gas phase; At 313 K; ALS

+ Ethyl Acetate = 2

By formula: H₂ + C₄H₈O₂ = 2C₂H₆O

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-17.92 ± 0.13	kcal/mol	Cm	Wiberg, Crocker, et al., 1991	liquid phase; ALS

+ = Ethyl Acetate

By formula: C₂H₂O + C₂H₆O = C₄H₈O₂

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-36.44	kcal/mol	Cm	Rice and Greenberg, 1934	gas phase; ALS

Henry's Law data

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Data compiled by: Rolf Sander

Henry's Law constant (water solution)

k_H(T) = k°_H exp(d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) ((1/T) - 1/(298.15 K)))
k°_H = Henry's law constant for solubility in water at 298.15 K (mol/(kg*bar))
d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) = Temperature dependence constant (K)

k°_H (mol/(kg*bar))	d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.9		Q	N/A	Several references are given in the list of Henry's law constants but not assigned to specific species.
6.4		X	N/A
4.7	5700.	X	N/A
5.9	5300.	M	N/A
7.6		M	N/A

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
MM - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner)
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C₄H₈O₂⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
IE (evaluated)	10.01 ± 0.05	eV	N/A	N/A	L
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Proton affinity (review)	199.7	kcal/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	HL
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Gas basicity	192.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	HL

Gas basicity at 298K

Gas basicity (review) (kcal/mol)	Reference	Comment
191.2 ± 0.05	Decouzon, Gal, et al., 1996	T = 338K; MM

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV)	Method	Reference	Comment
10.01 ± 0.05	PIPECO	Fraser-Monteiro, Fraser-Monteiro, et al., 1982	LBLHLM
10.0 ± 0.1	CEMS	Jalonen, Tedder, et al., 1980	LLK
10.16	EI	Holmes and Lossing, 1980	LLK
9.90 ± 0.05	PE	Benoit, Harrison, et al., 1977	LLK
10.24	PE	Sweigart and Turner, 1972	LLK
10.11 ± 0.02	PI	Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962	RDSH
10.09 ± 0.02	PI	Watanabe, 1957	RDSH
10.45	PE	Jones, Modelli, et al., 1994	Vertical value; LL
9.90	PE	Benoit and Harrison, 1977	Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion	AE (eV)	Other Products	Method	Reference	Comment
CH₃⁺	13.94 ± 0.08	?	EI	Brion and Dunning, 1963	RDSH
C₂H₃⁺	15.32 ± 0.20	?	EI	Friedland and Strakna, 1956	RDSH
C₂H₃O⁺	11.0 ± 0.15	C₂H₅O	PIPECO	Fraser-Monteiro, Fraser-Monteiro, et al., 1982	T = 298K; LBLHLM
C₂H₃O⁺	11.7 ± 0.3	C₂H₅O	CEMS	Jalonen, Tedder, et al., 1980	LLK
C₂H₃O⁺	11.75 ± 0.07	C₂H₅O	EI	Brion and Dunning, 1963	RDSH
C₂H₃O₂⁺	11.74	C₂H₅	EI	Holmes, Lossing, et al., 1991	LL
C₂H₄O₂⁺	11.2 ± 0.1	C₂H₄	EI	Godbole and Kebarle, 1962	RDSH
C₂H₅⁺	11.3 ± 0.1	C₂H₃O₂	PIPECO	Fraser-Monteiro, Fraser-Monteiro, et al., 1982	T = 298K; LBLHLM
C₂H₅⁺	11.7 ± 0.3	CH₃COO	CEMS	Jalonen, Tedder, et al., 1980	LLK
C₂H₅⁺	12.1	?	EI	Tsuda and Hamill, 1966	RDSH
C₂H₅O⁺	10.7 ± 0.1	C₂H₃O	PIPECO	Fraser-Monteiro, Fraser-Monteiro, et al., 1982	T = 298K; LBLHLM
C₂H₅O⁺	10.7 ± 0.2	CH₃CO	CEMS	Jalonen, Tedder, et al., 1980	LLK
C₂H₅O⁺	10.8 ± 0.1	CH₃CO	EI	Munson and Franklin, 1964	RDSH
C₂H₅O₂⁺	10.62 ± 0.05	C₂H₃	EI	Holmes and Lossing, 1984	LBLHLM
C₂H₅O₂⁺	10.67 ± 0.08	C₂H₃	PIPECO	Fraser-Monteiro, Fraser-Monteiro, et al., 1982	T = 298K; LBLHLM
C₂H₅O₂⁺	11.0 ± 0.1	C₂H₃	CEMS	Jalonen, Tedder, et al., 1980	LLK
C₂H₅O₂⁺	10.6 ± 0.1	C₂H₃	EI	Benoit, Harrison, et al., 1977	LLK
C₂H₅O₂⁺	10.8 ± 0.1	?	EI	Harrison and Jones, 1965	RDSH
C₃H₅O₂⁺	10.6 ± 0.1	CH₃	PIPECO	Fraser-Monteiro, Fraser-Monteiro, et al., 1982	T = 298K; LBLHLM
C₃H₅O₂⁺	11.0 ± 0.1	CH₃	EI	Godbole and Kebarle, 1962	RDSH
C₄H₆O⁺	10.3 ± 0.1	H₂O	PIPECO	Fraser-Monteiro, Fraser-Monteiro, et al., 1982	T = 298K; LBLHLM
C₄H₆O⁺	10.32 ± 0.05	H₂O	EI	Holmes, Burgers, et al., 1981	LLK
C₄H₆O⁺	10.45	H₂O	EI	Bernecker and Long, 1961	RDSH

De-protonation reactions

C₄H₇O₂^- + = Ethyl Acetate

By formula: C₄H₇O₂^- + H⁺ = C₄H₈O₂

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	371.7 ± 4.1	kcal/mol	G+TS	Haas, Giblin, et al., 1998	gas phase; From transesterification equilibria; B
Δ_rH°	368.9 ± 1.2	kcal/mol	EIAE	Muftakhov, Vasil'ev, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	365.0 ± 4.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Haas, Giblin, et al., 1998	gas phase; From transesterification equilibria; B

Ion clustering data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, NIST Free Links, References, Notes

Data compiled by: Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

C₃H₉Si⁺ + Ethyl Acetate = (C₃H₉Si⁺ • )

By formula: C₃H₉Si⁺ + C₄H₈O₂ = (C₃H₉Si⁺ • C₄H₈O₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	48.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Wojtyniak and Stone, 1986	gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder((CH3)3Si+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	31.4	cal/mol*K	N/A	Wojtyniak and Stone, 1986	gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder((CH3)3Si+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
34.0	468.	PHPMS	Wojtyniak and Stone, 1986	gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder((CH3)3Si+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated

C₃H₉Sn⁺ + Ethyl Acetate = (C₃H₉Sn⁺ • )

By formula: C₃H₉Sn⁺ + C₄H₈O₂ = (C₃H₉Sn⁺ • C₄H₈O₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	40.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Stone and Splinter, 1984	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)3Sn+)CH3OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	33.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Stone and Splinter, 1984	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)3Sn+)CH3OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
22.9	525.	PHPMS	Stone and Splinter, 1984	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)3Sn+)CH3OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated

C₄H₉O₂⁺ + Ethyl Acetate = (C₄H₉O₂⁺ • )

By formula: C₄H₉O₂⁺ + C₄H₈O₂ = (C₄H₉O₂⁺ • C₄H₈O₂)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	29.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Szulejko and McMahon, 1991	gas phase
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	34.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Szulejko and McMahon, 1991	gas phase

+ Ethyl Acetate = ( • )

By formula: NO^- + C₄H₈O₂ = (NO^- • C₄H₈O₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	41.5	kcal/mol	ICR	Reents and Freiser, 1981	gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder(NO+)C2H5OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Farid and McMahon, 1978

IR Spectrum

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, NIST Free Links, References, Notes

Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Data compiled by: Pamela M. Chu, Franklin R. Guenther, George C. Rhoderick, and Walter J. Lafferty

gas; IFS66V (Bruker); 3-Term B-H Apodization
0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm^-1 resolution
gas; IFS66V (Bruker); Boxcar Apodization
0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm^-1 resolution
gas; IFS66V (Bruker); Happ Genzel Apodization
0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm^-1 resolution
gas; IFS66V (Bruker); NB Strong Apodization
0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm^-1 resolution
gas; IFS66V (Bruker); Triangular Apodization
0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm^-1 resolution

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, NIST Free Links, References, Notes

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Additional Data

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Owner	NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
NIST MS number	19528

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Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), NIST Free Links, References, Notes

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	Temperature (C)	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	OV-1	333.	600.	Hu, Lu, et al., 2006
Capillary	DB-1	80.	578.95	Mijin and Antonovic, 2006	30. m/0.256 mm/0.25 μm, N2
Capillary	DB-5	80.	600.	Mijin and Antonovic, 2006	60. m/0.321 mm/0.25 μm, N2
Capillary	HP-1	0.	609.7	Wang, Liu, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
Capillary	HP-1	10.	604.4	Wang, Liu, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
Capillary	HP-1	20.	611.7	Wang, Liu, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
Capillary	HP-1	30.	605.1	Wang, Liu, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
Capillary	HP-1	40.	600.8	Wang, Liu, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
Capillary	HP-1	50.	599.3	Wang, Liu, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
Capillary	HP-1	60.	597.3	Wang, Liu, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
Packed	PMS-1000	90.	563.	Arutyunov, Kudryashov, et al., 2004	N2, Chromaton N-AW-DMCS; Column length: 2. m
Packed	OV-1	130.	600.	Gurevich and Roshchina, 2003	He or N2, Gas-Chrom Q
Capillary	SE-54	110.	607.5	Grigor'eva, Vasil'ev, et al., 1989	15. m/0.28 mm/2.5 μm, Ar
Capillary	SE-54	130.	605.7	Grigor'eva, Vasil'ev, et al., 1989	15. m/0.28 mm/2.5 μm, Ar
Capillary	SE-54	150.	602.4	Grigor'eva, Vasil'ev, et al., 1989	15. m/0.28 mm/2.5 μm, Ar
Capillary	SE-30	100.	607.	Tarjan, Nyiredy, et al., 1989
Capillary	SE-30	80.	577.	Tarjan, Nyiredy, et al., 1989
Capillary	SE-30	100.	607.	Haken and Korhonen, 1986	N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm
Capillary	SE-30	60.	613.	Haken and Korhonen, 1986	N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm
Capillary	SE-30	80.	577.	Haken and Korhonen, 1986	N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm
Packed	SE-30	180.	572.	Oszczapowicz, Ciszkowski, et al., 1986	N2, Chromosorb W AW; Column length: 3. m
Packed	SE-30	150.	590.	Tiess, 1984	Ar, Gas Chrom Q (80-100 mesh); Column length: 3. m
Packed	SE-30	100.	594.	Winskowski, 1983	Gaschrom Q; Column length: 2. m
Packed	Porapack Q	200.	567.	Goebel, 1982	N2
Capillary	OV-101	80.	595.7	Komárek, Hornová, et al., 1982	N2; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm
Capillary	OV-101	80.	596.	Komárek, Hornová, et al., 1982, 2	N2; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm
Packed	SE-30	150.	592.	Haken, Ho, et al., 1975	Column length: 3.7 m
Packed	SE-30	150.	592.	Ashes and Haken, 1974	Celaton (62-72 mesh); Column length: 3.7 m
Packed	SE-30	100.	602.	Zarazir, Chovin, et al., 1970	Chromosorb W; Column length: 2. m
Packed	SE-30	150.	571.	Germaine and Haken, 1969	Celite 560; Column length: 3.7 m

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	CBP-1	587.	Shimadzu, 2003	25. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-1	600.	Takeoka, Buttery, et al., 1992	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; T_end: 210. C
Capillary	DB-1	601.	Takeoka, Buttery, et al., 1992	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; T_end: 210. C
Capillary	DB-1	600.	Takeoka, Flath, et al., 1990	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; T_end: 210. C
Capillary	DB-1	600.	Takeoka, Flath, et al., 1990	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; T_end: 210. C
Capillary	BP-1	595.	Bartley and Schwede, 1989	He, 30. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.23 mm; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	SE-54	618.	Rembold, Wallner, et al., 1989	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 0. C @ 12. min, 12. K/min; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	OV-101	600.	Morales and Duque, 1987	He, 2. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	OV-101	579.	Ohnishi and Shibamoto, 1984	2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.23 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	OV-101	580.	Ohnishi and Shibamoto, 1984	2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.23 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	SE-30	611.	Greenberg, 1981	He, 40. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm; T_end: 170. C
Capillary	SE-30	611.	Greenberg, 1981	He, 40. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm; T_end: 170. C
Capillary	OV-101	600.	Shibamoto, Kamiya, et al., 1981	N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 80. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	OV-101	600.	Shibamoto, Kamiya, et al., 1981	N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 80. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	HP-1	589.	Wongpornchai, Sriseadka, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C => 2C/min => 100C => 5C/min => 230C(2min)
Capillary	SE-30	592.	Chretien and Dubois, 1978	Program: not specified

Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	Temperature (C)	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	60.	902.	Castello, Vezzani, et al., 1991	N2; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.75 mm
Capillary	OV-351	100.	875.	Haken and Korhonen, 1986	N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
Capillary	OV-351	120.	908.	Haken and Korhonen, 1986	N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
Capillary	OV-351	60.	881.	Haken and Korhonen, 1986	N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
Capillary	OV-351	80.	880.	Haken and Korhonen, 1986	N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
Packed	Carbowax 20M	75.	906.	Goebel, 1982	N2, Kieselgur (60-100 mesh); Column length: 2. m
Packed	Carbowax 20M	100.	898.	Zarazir, Chovin, et al., 1970	Chromosorb W; Column length: 2. m

Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	CBP-20	890.	Shimadzu, 2003	25. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	885.	Umano, Hagi, et al., 1994	He, 40. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	884.	Tatsuka, Suekane, et al., 1990	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	887.	Tatsuka, Suekane, et al., 1990	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	BP-20	906.	Wyllie and Leach, 1990	70. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	874.	Nishimura, Yamaguchi, et al., 1989	2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	880.	Umano, Shoji, et al., 1986	N2, 60. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	880.	Umano, Shoji, et al., 1986	N2, 60. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	870.	Buttery, Seifert, et al., 1982	He, 1. K/min; Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.64 mm; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 170. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	856.	Toda, Yamaguchi, et al., 1982	2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	858.	Toda, Yamaguchi, et al., 1982	2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	882.	Shibamoto, Kamiya, et al., 1981	N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	889.	Shibamoto, Kamiya, et al., 1981	N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	895.	Spencer, Pangborn, et al., 1978	N2, 3. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.26 mm; T_start: 70. C; T_end: 170. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	900.	Spencer, Pangborn, et al., 1978	N2, 3. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.26 mm; T_start: 70. C; T_end: 170. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	917.	Tressl, Friese, et al., 1978	He, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; T_start: 70. C; T_end: 190. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	SPB-5	612.	Engel and Ratel, 2007	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min
Capillary	HP-5MS	612.	Jarunrattanasri, Theerakulkait, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 225. C @ 30. min
Capillary	DB-5	610.	Bylaite and Meyer, 2006	30. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, 50. C @ 1. min, 10. K/min, 290. C @ 10. min
Capillary	CP Sil 5 CB	577.	Kafkas, Cabaroglu, et al., 2006	25. m/0.25 mm/0.4 μm, He, 5. K/min, 260. C @ 20. min; T_start: 60. C
Capillary	5 % Phenyl methyl siloxane	613.	Estevez, Ventanas, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 7. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
Capillary	DB-5	612.	Fang and Qian, 2005	30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, N2, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min
Capillary	HP-5MS	605.	Pino, Mesa, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
Capillary	CP-Sil 8CB-MS	615.	Hierro, de la Hoz, et al., 2004	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min
Capillary	SPB-5	615.	Pino, Marbot, et al., 2004	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
Capillary	SPB-5	615.	Pino, Marbot, et al., 2004, 2	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
Capillary	SPB-5	608.	Rodríguez-Burruezo, Kollmannsberger, et al., 2004	30. m/0.53 mm/1.5 μm, He, 5. K/min; T_start: 100. C; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	CP-Sil 8CB-MS	612.	Bruna, Hierro, et al., 2003	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min
Capillary	HP-1	596.	Cavalli, Fernandez, et al., 2003	50. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He, 60. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
Capillary	HP-1	598.	Cavalli, Fernandez, et al., 2003	50. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He, 60. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
Capillary	Petrocol DH	609.0	Censullo, Jones, et al., 2003	50. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 35. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
Capillary	CP Sil 5 CB	578.	Pino, Almora, et al., 2003	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 280. C @ 60. min
Capillary	DB-5	609.1	Xu, van Stee, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 2.5 K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	SPB-5	615.	Pino, Marbot, et al., 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
Capillary	CP Sil 5 CB	581.	Pino, Marbot, et al., 2002, 2	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 60. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min, 280. C @ 40. min
Capillary	CP Sil 5 CB	581.	Pino, Marbot, et al., 2002, 3	50. m/0.32 mm/0.4 μm, He, 60. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 280. C @ 60. min
Capillary	CP-Sil 8CB-MS	612.	Bruna, Hierro, et al., 2001	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 280. C
Capillary	SPB-1	599.	Larráyoz, Addis, et al., 2001	30. m/0.32 mm/4. μm, He, 45. C @ 13. min, 5. K/min, 240. C @ 5. min
Capillary	DB-1	601.	Pino, Fuentes, et al., 2001	He, 60. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	CP Sil 5 CB	581.	Pino and Marbot, 2001	50. m/0.32 mm/0.4 μm, He, 60. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 280. C @ 60. min
Capillary	CP Sil 5 CB	581.	Pino, Marbot, et al., 2001	50. m/0.32 mm/0.4 μm, He, 60. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 280. C @ 60. min
Capillary	HP-5	614.	Shalit, Katzir, et al., 2001	He, 50. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	SE-30	601.	Paramonov, Khalilova, et al., 2000	6. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	BPX-5	626.	Aaslyng, Elmore, et al., 1998	50. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, He, 4. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 280. C
Capillary	SE-54	614.	Li, Wang, et al., 1998	H2, 35. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	SE-54	617.	Li, Wang, et al., 1998	H2, 35. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	DB-5	612.	Madruga and Mottram, 1998	30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
Capillary	DB-1	597.	Bartelt, 1997	30. m/0.32 mm/5. μm, He, 35. C @ 1. min, 10. K/min; T_end: 270. C
Capillary	DB-1	600.	Lee, DeMilo, et al., 1997	60. m/0.248 mm/0.25 μm, He, 5. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	DB-1	600.	Lee, DeMilo, et al., 1997	60. m/0.248 mm/0.25 μm, He, 5. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	DB-1	600.	Lee, DeMilo, et al., 1997	60. m/0.248 mm/0.25 μm, He, 5. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	DB-5	601.	Sagrero-Nieves, Bartley, et al., 1997	30. m/0.26 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 225. C @ 20. min; T_start: 50. C
Capillary	HP-101	602.	Chung, Eiserich, et al., 1993	N2, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 70. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	OV-101	620.	Misharina, Golovnya, et al., 1992	50. m/0.31 mm/0.5 μm, He, 4. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	DB-1	600.	Wu, Kuo, et al., 1991	50. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm, He, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 40. min; T_start: 40. C
Capillary	DB-1	599.	Zhang and Ho, 1991	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 220. C @ 10. min; T_start: 40. C
Capillary	DB-1	602.	Flath, Light, et al., 1990	50. C @ 0.1 min, 4. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	OV-1	594.	Wu and Liou, 1986	H2, 2. K/min, 200. C @ 55. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; T_start: 50. C
Capillary	SE-30	624.	Korhonen, 1985	N2, 6. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm; T_start: 100. C; T_end: 320. C
Capillary	OV-1	603.	Schreyen, Dirinck, et al., 1976	1. K/min; Column length: 183. m; Column diameter: 0.762 mm; T_start: 0. C; T_end: 230. C
Capillary	OV-1	603.	Schreyen, Dirinck, et al., 1976, 2	N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 183. m; T_start: 0. C; T_end: 230. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	BPX-5	613.	Dharmawan, Kasapis, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C => 4C/min => 200C => 30C/min => 300C (3min)
Capillary	VF-5MS	578.	Carasek and Pawliszyn, 2006	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 5C/min => 200C (2min) => 30C/min => 260C
Capillary	HP-5	621.	Boué, Shih, et al., 2003	50. m/0.2 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 40C(3min) => 10C/min => 60C =3C/min => 150C => 20C/min => 250C (5min)
Capillary	DB-5	610.	Klesk and Qian, 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 5C/min => 100C => 4C/min => 230C(10min)
Capillary	DB-5	614.	Mayr, van Ruth, et al., 2003	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40 C(4min) => 2C/min => 90C => 4C/min => 130C => 8C/min => 250C
Capillary	RTX-5	623.	Fuhrmann and Grosch, 2002	Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-5	605.	Beaulieu and Grimm, 2001	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50C (1min) => 5C/min => 100C => 10C/min => 250C (9min)
Capillary	CP Sil 8 CB	628.	Duckham, Dodson, et al., 2001	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 0C => rapidly => 40C(8min) => 4C/min => 250C(10min)
Capillary	BPX-5	612.	Bauchot, Mottram, et al., 1998	50. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, He; Program: 0 0C (8 min) -> (1 min) -> 50 0C (2 min) 2.5 0C/min -> 100 0C 6 0C/min -> 250 0C
Capillary	SE-54	612.	Li, Wang, et al., 1998	H2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Program: not specified
Packed	SE-30	600.	Peng, Ding, et al., 1988	Supelcoport; Chromosorb; Column length: 3.05 m; Program: 40C(5min) => 10C/min => 200C or 250C (60min)

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DB-FFAP	896.	Jarunrattanasri, Theerakulkait, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 225. C @ 30. min
Capillary	FFAP	889.	Lozano P.R., Miracle E.R., et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 225. C @ 25. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	891.	Gurbuz O., Rouseff J.M., et al., 2006	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 7. K/min, 265. C @ 5. min; T_start: 40. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	894.	Gurbuz O., Rouseff J.M., et al., 2006	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 7. K/min, 265. C @ 5. min; T_start: 40. C
Capillary	CP-Wax 52CB	889.	Kourkoutas, Elmore, et al., 2006	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	900.	Choi, 2005	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 70. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 20. min
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	886.	Elmore, Nisyrios, et al., 2005	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 280. C
Capillary	Stabilwax	914.	Fang and Qian, 2005	30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, N2, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	890.	Malliaa, Fernandez-Garcia, et al., 2005	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 45. C @ 1. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 12. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	908.	Malliaa, Fernandez-Garcia, et al., 2005	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 45. C @ 1. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 12. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	893.	Rega, Fournier, et al., 2004	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	878.	Brat, Rega, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min; T_start: 40. C
Capillary	Carbowax	900.	Censullo, Jones, et al., 2003	60. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 50. C @ 10. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	898.	Choi, 2003	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 70. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 20. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	893.	Rega, Fournier, et al., 2003	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, 35. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 240. C @ 5. min
Capillary	CP-Wax 52CB	870.	Liu, Yang, et al., 2001	H2, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	901.	Beauchene, Grua-Priol, et al., 2000	60. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 3. K/min, 160. C @ 5. min; T_start: 30. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	904.	Choi and Sawamura, 2000	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 70. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 20. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	901.	Escudero and Etiévant, 1999	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, H2, 5. K/min; T_start: 67. C; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	880.	Cha, Kim, et al., 1998	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 60. min
Capillary	FFAP	894.	Ott, Fay, et al., 1997	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 20. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 1. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	870.	Sagrero-Nieves, Bartley, et al., 1997	60. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 2. K/min, 225. C @ 20. min; T_start: 50. C
Capillary	PEG-20M	891.	Shimoda, Nakada, et al., 1997	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 60. min; T_start: 50. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	863.	Shimoda, Peralta, et al., 1996	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 230. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	891.	Shimoda, Shiratsuchi, et al., 1996	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 60. min; T_start: 50. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	882.	Shimoda, Wu, et al., 1996	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 230. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	863.	Shimoda, Shigematsu, et al., 1995	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 230. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	887.	Iwaoka, Hagi, et al., 1994	He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	888.	Shiratsuchi, Shimoda, et al., 1994	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 60. min; T_start: 50. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	888.	Shiratsuchi, Shimoda, et al., 1994, 2	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 60. min; T_start: 50. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	890.	Sumitani, Suekane, et al., 1994	He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	HP-20M	907.	Chung, Eiserich, et al., 1993	He, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 190. C
Capillary	HP-FFAP	902.	Chung, Eiserich, et al., 1993	He, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 210. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	885.	Shiratsuchi, Shimoda, et al., 1993	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 30. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	884.	Umano, Hagi, et al., 1992	He, 40. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	CP-Wax 52CB	870.	Wu and Liou, 1992	H2, 50. C @ 10. min, 1.5 K/min, 200. C @ 80. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	870.	Suárez and Duque, 1991	2. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	872.	Suárez and Duque, 1991	2. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	867.	Frohlich and Schreier, 1990	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	867.	Fröhlich, Duque, et al., 1989	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	881.	Fröhlich, Duque, et al., 1989	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	890.	Tanchotikul and Hsieh, 1989	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 175. C @ 20. min
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	893.	Tanchotikul and Hsieh, 1989	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 175. C @ 20. min
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	854.	Chen, Kuo, et al., 1986	He, 50. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 200. C @ 40. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	882.	Wu and Liou, 1986	H2, 2. K/min, 200. C @ 55. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; T_start: 50. C
Capillary	OV-351	892.	Korhonen, 1985	N2, 6. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; T_start: 100. C; T_end: 230. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	881.	Chen, Kuo, et al., 1982	He, 50. C @ 10. min, 1. K/min; T_end: 160. C
Packed	Carbowax 20M	866.	van den Dool and Kratz, 1963	Celite 545, 4.6 K/min; T_start: 75. C; T_end: 228. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	899.	Bianchi, Cantoni, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 220C(1min)
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	893.	Bianchi, Careri, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	891.	Bianchi, Careri, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	899.	Bianchi, Careri, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	896.	Bianchi, Careri, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	872.	Guillot, Peytavi, et al., 2006	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C => 5C/min => 200C => 6C/min => 250C(5min)
Capillary	Stabilwax	874.	Wang, Finn, et al., 2005	30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 5C/min => 100C => 4C/min => 230C (10min)
Capillary	Stabilwax	904.	Klesk, Qian, et al., 2004	30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40C (2min) => 5C/min => 100C => 4C/min => 230C (10min)
Capillary	CP-Wax 52CB	900.	Verzera, Ziino, et al., 2004	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 45C(5min) => 10C/min => 80C => 2C/min => 240C
Capillary	DB-Wax	892.	Radovic, Careri, et al., 2001	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 30C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
Capillary	FFAP	888.	Buettner and Schieberle, 1999	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C (2min) => 40C/min => 60C (2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 230C (10min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	912.4	Yang, Chyau, et al., 1998	He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 50C => 2.5C/min => 150C => 1.5C/min => 210C
Capillary	FFAP	900.	Münch, Hofmann, et al., 1997	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (2min) => 40C/min => 60C (2min) => 240C (10min)
Capillary	FFAP	868.	Yasuhara, 1987	50. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 20C (5min) => 2C/min => 70C => 4C/min => 210C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	880.	Whitfield, Shea, et al., 1981	Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.75 mm; Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	Temperature (C)	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	Polydimethyl siloxane	105.	590.	Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009
Capillary	Polydimethyl siloxane	75.	594.	Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009
Capillary	Polydimethyl siloxane	90.	593.	Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	100.	591.	Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	120.	590.	Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	140.	587.	Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	80.	594.	Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007
Capillary	DB-1	60.	598.	Shimadzu, 2003, 2	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
Packed	SE-30	70.	608.	Yabumoto, Jennings, et al., 1977
Packed	DC-400	150.	554.	Anderson, 1968	Helium, Gas-Pak (60-80 mesh); Column length: 3.0 m

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	Optima-5 MS	611.	Goeminne, Vandendriessche, et al., 2012	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 35. C @ 3. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
Capillary	HP-5 MS	612.	Kotowska, Zalikowski, et al., 2012	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 35. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 300. C @ 15. min
Capillary	VF-5 MS	606.	Srisajjalerwaja, Apichartsrangkoon, et al., 2012	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	VF-5 MS	604.	Leffingwell and Alford, 2011	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 28. min; T_start: 30. C
Capillary	VF-5 MS	607.	Leffingwell and Alford, 2011	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 28. min; T_start: 30. C
Capillary	OV-101	602.	Zenkevich, Eliseenkov, et al., 2011	25. m/0.20 mm/0.25 μm, Nitrogen, 6. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	HP-5 MS	605.	Forero, Quijano, et al., 2008	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-1	593.	Kumazawa, Itobe, et al., 2008	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 5. K/min; T_start: 30. C; T_end: 210. C
Capillary	DB-5	628.	Gogus, Ozel, et al., 2007	60. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, Helium, 35. C @ 7. min, 15. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
Capillary	SPB-5	614.	Vasta, Ratel, et al., 2007	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 5. min
Capillary	DB-5	584.	Xu, Fan, et al., 2007	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
Capillary	HP-1	594.	Berlioz, Cordella, et al., 2006	50. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min; T_start: 60. C
Capillary	DB-1	597.	Chen, Sheu, et al., 2006	Nitrogen, 40. C @ 1. min, 2. K/min, 200. C @ 9. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
Capillary	DB-5	584.	Fan and Qian, 2006	30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 15. min
Capillary	HP-5	608.	Isidorov, Purzynska, et al., 2006	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-5	608.	El-Sayed, Heppelthwaite, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	DB-5	584.	Fan and Qian, 2005	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
Capillary	HP-5	628.0	Leffingwell and Alford, 2005	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 28. min
Capillary	DB-5	628.	Özel, Gögüs, et al., 2005	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 0.5 min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 2. min
Capillary	SPB-5	615.	Pino, Marbot, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
Capillary	RSL-200	592.	Jirovetz, Buchbauer, et al., 2003	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 40. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min
Capillary	DB-5	615.	Pino, Marbot, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 60. C @ 10. min, 4. K/min, 280. C @ 40. min
Capillary	SPB-1	612.	Vichi, Pizzale, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	HP-5	630.	Isidorov and Jdanova, 2002	3. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	RSL-200	595.	Jirovetz, Ngassoum, et al., 2002	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 50. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min
Capillary	SPB-5	615.	Pino, Marbot, et al., 2002, 4	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
Capillary	DB-5	614.	Joffraud, Leroi, et al., 2001	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	HP-5	614.	García, Martín, et al., 2000	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	BP-1	596.	Health Safety Executive, 2000	50. m/0.22 mm/0.75 μm, He, 5. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	OV-101	600.	Tamura, Boonbumrung, et al., 2000	Nitrogen, 40. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	600.	Vendramini and Trugo, 2000	50. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, H2, 40. C @ 0.5 min, 4. K/min; T_end: 260. C
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	601.82	Baraldi, Rapparini, et al., 1999	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 10. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	HP-5	615.	Jung, Wichmann, et al., 1999	25. m/0.20 mm/0.33 μm, 50. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	SPB-1	597.	Wong and Lai, 1996	50. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 30. min
Capillary	Ultra-2	588.	King, Matthews, et al., 1995	50. m/0.32 mm/0.52 μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 30. min
Capillary	HP-5	620.	Larsen and Frisvad, 1995	35. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	OV-101	583.	Tamura, Nakamoto, et al., 1995	N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	OV-101	592.	Tamura, Nakamoto, et al., 1995	N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-1	601.	Yu, Wu, et al., 1994	60. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 60. min
Capillary	DB-1	602.	Yu, Wu, et al., 1994, 2	60. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 60. min
Capillary	DB-5	568.	Shimoda, Shibamoto, et al., 1993	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-1	580.	Shiota, 1993	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	DB-1	590.	Shiota, 1993	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	DB-1	600.	Hansen, Buttery, et al., 1992	30. C @ 25. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 20. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
Capillary	DB-5	614.	Macku and Shibamoto, 1991	He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 160. C
Capillary	OV-101	612.	Misharina, Golovnya, et al., 1991	50. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 4. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	DB-1	590.	Shiota, 1991	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	DB-1	600.	Shiota, 1991	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	OV-101	595.	Anker, Jurs, et al., 1990	2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-1	600.	Binder, Benson, et al., 1990	4. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; T_start: 50. C
Capillary	DB-1	600.	Binder, Turner, et al., 1990	4. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min; T_start: 50. C
Capillary	HP-5	595.	Spadone, Takeoka, et al., 1990	H2, 16. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	OV-101	590.	Sugisawa, Nakamura, et al., 1990	Nitrogen, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 70. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	OV-101	594.	Yang and Sugisawa, 1990	N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	OV-101	595.	Yang and Sugisawa, 1990	N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-1	600.	Binder, Flath, et al., 1989	4. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; T_start: 50. C
Capillary	DB-1	605.	Habu, Flath, et al., 1985	3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; T_start: 0. C; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	OV-101	604.	del Rosario, de Lumen, et al., 1984	He, 0. C @ 1. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; T_end: 225. C
Capillary	SF96+Igepal	600.	Lorenz, Stern, et al., 1983	45. C @ 30. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 213. m; Column diameter: 0.7 mm; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	SP 2100	600.	Labropoulos, Palmer, et al., 1982	Helium, 10. K/min; Column length: 40. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	SE-30	605.	Dirinck, de Pooter, et al., 1981	N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 200. m; Column diameter: 0.6 mm; T_start: 20. C; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	SE-30	605.	Heydanek and McGorrin, 1981	He, 40. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm; T_end: 170. C
Capillary	SE-30	615.	Alves and Jennings, 1979	Helium, 2. K/min; T_start: 70. C; T_end: 170. C
Capillary	OV-1	603.	Schreyen, Dirinck, et al., 1979	N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 183. m; Column diameter: 0.762 mm; T_start: 0. C; T_end: 230. C
Capillary	SF-96	610.	Donetzhuber, Johansson, et al., 1976	Nitrogen, 3. K/min, 130. C @ 40. min; Column length: 111. m; Column diameter: 0.76 mm; Initial hold: 8. min

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	HP-5	633.	Fang, Pu, et al., 2012	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 30 0C (1 min) 2 0C/min -> 100 0C (5 min) 5 0C/min -> 170 0C
Capillary	HP-5 MS	607.	Kotowska, Zalikowski, et al., 2012	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-5	599.	Miyazaki, Plotto, et al., 2011	60. m/0.25 mm/1.00 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C 4 0C/min -> 230 0C 100 0C/min -> 260 0C (11.7 min)
Capillary	HP-5 MS	628.	Fan, Lu, et al., 2009	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (3 min) 3 0C/min -> 160 0C (2 min) 8 0C/min -> 220 0C (3 min)
Capillary	BPX-5	609.	Ortiz, Echeverra, et al., 2009	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 70 0C (1 min) 3 0C/min -> 142 0C 5 0C/min -> 225 0C (10 min)
Capillary	HP-5	605.	Pugliese, Sirtori, et al., 2009	50. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-5	616.	Rotsatschakul, Visesanguan, et al., 2009	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 30 0C (2 min) 2 0Cmin -> 60 0C 10 0C/min -> 100 0C 20 0C/min -> 140 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C (10 min)
Capillary	Squalane	592.	Chen, 2008	Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-5	600.	Qiao, Xie, et al., 2008	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (3 min) 3 0C/min -> 160 0C (2 min) 8 0C/min -> 220 0C (3 min)
Capillary	HP-5	613.	Qiao, Xie, et al., 2008	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-5	584.	Zhao, Li, et al., 2008	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-1	589.	Barra, Baldovini, et al., 2007	50. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 2C/min => 200C => 15C/min => 250C (30min)
Capillary	DB-5 MS	613.	Cajka, Hajslova, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 45 0C (0.75 min) 10 0C/min -> 200 0C 30 0C/min -> 245 0C (1.25 min)
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	592.	Chen and Feng, 2007	Program: not specified
Capillary	VB-5	605.	Karlshøj, Nielsen, et al., 2007	60. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 35C(1min) => 4C/min => 175C => 10C/min => 260C
Capillary	SE-30	592.	Liu, Liang, et al., 2007	Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-5 MS	612.	Liu, Xu, et al., 2007	60. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 6 0C/min -> 100 0C 4 0C/min -> 180 0C 8 0C/min -> 250 0C (12 min)
Capillary	HP-5	634.	Splivallo, Bossi, et al., 2007	He; Program: 50C => 3C/min => 200C(10min) => 10C/min => 290C(10min)
Capillary	DB-5	605.	Beaulieu, 2005	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 50C => 5C/min => 100C => 15C/min => 250C (19C)
Capillary	BPX-5	615.	Duflos, Moine, et al., 2005	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(5min) => 5C/min => 100C => 20C/min => 280C (5min)
Capillary	Polydimethyl siloxane with 5 % Ph groups	615.	Pino, Marbot, et al., 2005, 2	Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-5	602.	Riu-Aumatell, Lopez-Tamames, et al., 2005	Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-5	609.	Thierry, Maillard, et al., 2005	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-5	611.	Tokitomo, Steihaus, et al., 2005	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 40 0C/min -> 60 0C (2 min) 6 0C/min -> 180 0C 10 0C/min -> 240 0C (5 min)
Capillary	HP-5	612.	Garcia-Estaban, Ansorena, et al., 2004	50. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm; Program: 40C(10min) => 5C/min => 200C => 20C/min => 250C(5min)
Capillary	DB-5	612.	Garcia-Estaban, Ansorena, et al., 2004, 2	50. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm; Program: 40C(10min) => 5C/min => 200C => 20C/min => 250C (5min)
Capillary	BPX-5	621.	Machiels, Istasse, et al., 2004	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40C (4min) => 2C/min => 90C => 4C/min => 130C => 8C/min => 250 C (10min)
Capillary	SE-30	595.	Vinogradov, 2004	Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-5	613.	Jordán, Margaría, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(6min) => 2.5C/min => 150C => 90C/min => 250C
Capillary	BPX-5	611.	Machiels, van Ruth, et al., 2003	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40C (4min) => 2C/min => 90C => 4C/min => 130C => 8C/min => 250 C (10min)
Capillary	BPX-5	611.	Machiels, van Ruth, et al., 2003	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40C (4min) => 2C/min => 90C => 4C/min => 130C => 8C/min => 250 C (10min)
Capillary	HP-5	613.	Jordán, Goodner, et al., 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-5	613.	Jordán, Margaría, et al., 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C (6min) => 2.5C/min => 150C => 90C/min => 250C
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	592.	N/A	Program: not specified
Capillary	CP Sil 8 CB	615.	Duckham, Dodson, et al., 2001	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
Capillary	BPX-5	592.	van Ruth, Grossmann, et al., 2001	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He; Program: -30C(1min) => 100C/min => 40C(4min) => 2C/min => 90C => 4C/min => 130C => 8C/min => 250C
Capillary	Polydimethyl siloxane	595.	Spanier, Shahidi, et al., 2001	Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-1	601.	Teai, Claude-Lafontaine, et al., 2001	50. m/0.32 mm/0.52 μm, N2; Program: 40C => 2C/min => 130C => 4C/min => 250C
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	600.	Estrada and Gutierrez, 1999	Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-1	609.	Yen and Lin, 1999	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, N2; Program: 40 0C (10 min) 40 - 80 0C at 2 0C/min 80 - 200 0C at 5 0C/min 200 0C (10 min)
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	602.	Zenkevich, 1999	Program: not specified
Capillary	SPB-1	598.	Flanagan, Streete, et al., 1997	60. m/0.53 mm/5. μm, He; Program: 40C(6min) => 5C/min => 80C => 10C/min => 200C
Capillary	SE-54	620.	Guth, 1997	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 35C (1min) => 40C/min => 60C (1min) => 6C/min => 250C (10min)
Capillary	DB-5	590.	Mateo, Aguirrezábal, et al., 1997	50. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(10min) => 3C/min => 95C => 10C/min => 270C(10min)
Capillary	DB-5	615.	Mateo and Zumalacárregui, 1996	50. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (10min) => 3C/min => 95C => 10C/min => 270C (10min)
Capillary	DB-5	616.	Mateo and Zumalacárregui, 1996	50. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (10min) => 3C/min => 95C => 10C/min => 270C (10min)
Capillary	Polydimethyl siloxanes	602.	Zenkevich and Chupalov, 1996	Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-1	604.	Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 1994	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-1	600.	Schuberth, 1994	30. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40C (4min) => 10C/min => 200C => 50C/min => 250C
Capillary	DB-1	603.	Ciccioli, Brancaleoni, et al., 1993	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 3 min at 5 C; 5 - 50 C at 3 deg/min; 50 - 220 C at 5 deg/min
Capillary	SPB-1	598.	Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992	60. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (6 min) 5 0C/min -> 80 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C
Capillary	SPB-1	596.	Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992	60. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-1	600.	Binder, Flath, et al., 1989	Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-1	600.	Binder and Flath, 1989	Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	CP Sil 8 CB	614.	Weller and Wolf, 1989	40. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 30 0C (1 min) 15 0C/min -> 45 0C 3 0C/min -> 120 0C
Capillary	DB-1	600.	Takeoka, Flath, et al., 1988	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2; Program: 30C (2min) => 2C/min => 150C => 4C/min => 250C
Capillary	DB-1	600.	Takeoka, Flath, et al., 1988	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2; Program: 30C (2min) => 2C/min => 150C => 4C/min => 250C
Capillary	OV-101	595.	Morales and Duque, 1987	He; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	OV-101	595.	Shibamoto, 1987	Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	OV-101	595.	Shibamoto, 1987	Program: not specified
Capillary	SF96+Igepal	603.	Flath, Altieri, et al., 1984	Column length: 152. m; Column diameter: 0.76 mm; Program: 25C(1min) => 5C/min => 50C (4min) => 1.25C/min => 180C
Capillary	OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.	593.	Waggott and Davies, 1984	Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.	600.	Waggott and Davies, 1984	Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.	611.	Waggott and Davies, 1984	Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.	616.	Waggott and Davies, 1984	Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	OV-1	596.	Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982	Program: not specified
Capillary	SE-30	607.	Heydanek and McGorrin, 1981	He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm; Program: -10C (8min) => 12C/min => 26C => 3C/min => 170C (30min)

Normal alkane RI, polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	Temperature (C)	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DB-Wax	60.	908.	Shimadzu, 2003, 2	50. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
Packed	Carbowax 20M	100.	878.	Yabumoto, Jennings, et al., 1977

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	HP-FFAP	903.	Wanakhachornkrai and Lertsiri, 9999	25. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 15. K/min; T_start: 45. C; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	898.	Chen, Song, et al., 2009	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min, 230. C @ 20. min
Capillary	CP-Wax	885.	Mo, Fan, et al., 2009	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min, 230. C @ 15. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	890.	Kumazawa, Itobe, et al., 2008	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 5. K/min; T_start: 30. C; T_end: 210. C
Capillary	ZB-Wax	904.	Marin, Pozrl, et al., 2008	60. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 5. min
Capillary	CP Wax 52 CB	877.	Chen, Chyau, et al., 2007	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 3. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	TR-WAX	892.	Tena N., Lazzez A., et al., 2007	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 40. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	892.	Xu, Fan, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 230. C @ 5. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	900.	Choi H.S., 2006	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 70. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 20. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	892.	Fan and Qian, 2006	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 230. C @ 15. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	891.	Fan and Qian, 2006, 2	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 40. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min, 230. C @ 15. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	889.	Fan and Qian, 2005	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 230. C @ 5. min
Capillary	Innowax	900.	Joichi, Yomogida, et al., 2005	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 5. K/min, 240. C @ 30. min; T_start: 60. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	905.	Qian and Wang, 2005	60. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Nitrogen, 35. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 235. C @ 30. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	872.	Rizzolo, Cambiaghi, et al., 2005	60. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, 50. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	900.	Choi, 2004	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 70. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 20. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	899.	López, Ezpeleta, et al., 2004	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	PEG-20M	890.	Narain, Almeida, et al., 2004	50. m/0.20 mm/0.20 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 180. C @ 30. min
Capillary	PEG-20M	890.	Narain, Almeida, et al., 2004	50. m/0.20 mm/0.20 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 180. C @ 30. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	856.	Dregus and Engel, 2003	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 230. C @ 25. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	885.	Lee and Noble, 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min, 185. C @ 20. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	891.	Mookdasanit, Tamura, et al., 2003	Helium, 2. K/min, 210. C @ 60. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 70. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	901.	Saura, LAencina, et al., 2003	Helium, 50. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.70 mm; T_end: 280. C
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	892.	Vichi, Castellote, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	890.	Vichi, Pizzale, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	HP-FFAP	903.	Wanakhachornkrai and Lertsiri, 2003	25. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 15. K/min; T_start: 45. C; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	921.	Fu, Yoon, et al., 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 8. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	882.	Ito, Sugimoto, et al., 2002	60. C @ 4. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	FFAP	893.	Lecanu, Ducruet, et al., 2002	30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 35. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	HP-Wax	850.	Sanz, Maeztu, et al., 2002	60. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 6. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 190. C
Capillary	TC-Wax	884.	Suhardi, Suzuki, et al., 2002	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	889.	Tu, Onishi, et al., 2002	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 70. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 20. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	920.	Umano, Hagi, et al., 2002	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	EC-1000	890.	Bendall, 2001	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 230. C @ 15. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	885.	Duque, Bonilla, et al., 2001	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; T_start: 25. C
Capillary	HP-Wax	850.	Maeztu, Sanz, et al., 2001	60. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 6. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 190. C
Capillary	HP-Wax	850.	Sanz, Ansorena, et al., 2001	60. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 6. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 190. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	861.	Morales, Duque, et al., 2000	25. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	870.	Morales, Duque, et al., 2000	25. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	882.	Tamura, Boonbumrung, et al., 2000	Nitrogen, 40. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	CP-Wax 52CB	894.	Hwan and Chou, 1999	50. m/0.32 mm/0.22 μm, H2, 60. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 190. C @ 21. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	883.	Iwatsuki, Mizota, et al., 1999	4. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.53 mm; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 210. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	885.	Lopez, Ferreira, et al., 1999	60. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; T_end: 190. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	908.	Umano, Nakahara, et al., 1999	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	854.	Campeanu, Burcea, et al., 1998	60. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, H2, 35. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
Capillary	PEG-20M	878.	Kubota, Matsujage, et al., 1996	50. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Nitrogen, 2. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	890.	Morales, Albarracín, et al., 1996	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
Capillary	TC-Wax	877.	Shuichi, Masazumi, et al., 1996	80. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	882.	Christensen and Reineccius, 1995	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 20. C @ 1. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 230. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	912.	Umano, Hagi, et al., 1995	He, 40. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	885.	Shimoda, Shiratsuchi, et al., 1993	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; T_end: 230. C
Capillary	CP-Wax 52CB	872.7	Chyau, Chen, et al., 1992	50. m/0.32 mm/0.22 μm, H2, 50. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	872.	Anker, Jurs, et al., 1990	2. K/min; Column length: 80. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; T_start: 70. C; T_end: 170. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	882.	Binder, Benson, et al., 1990	4. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; T_start: 50. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	882.	Binder, Turner, et al., 1990	4. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; T_start: 50. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	877.	Binder, Flath, et al., 1989	50. C @ 0.1 min, 4. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
Capillary	DB-Wax	879.	Binder and Flath, 1989	50. C @ 0.1 min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
Capillary	DB-Wax	886.	Takeoka and Butter, 1989	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	887.	Takeoka and Butter, 1989	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	889.	Takeoka and Butter, 1989	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	889.	Takeoka and Butter, 1989	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	890.	Takeoka and Butter, 1989	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	890.	Takeoka and Butter, 1989	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	872.	Mihara, Tateba, et al., 1988	N2, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	880.	Mihara, Tateba, et al., 1988	N2, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	888.	Takeoka, Flath, et al., 1988	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 30. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	891.	Takeoka, Flath, et al., 1988	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 30. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	FFAP	880.	Vernin, Metzger, et al., 1988	He, 60. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	872.	Mihara, Tateba, et al., 1987	N2, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	880.	Mihara, Tateba, et al., 1987	N2, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	883.	Wu, Liou, et al., 1987	Hydrogen, 1. K/min, 200. C @ 35. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm; T_start: 50. C
Packed	Carbowax	882.	Schieberle and Grosch, 1983	He, Chromosorb G AW DMCS, 4. K/min; Column length: 3. m; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	857.	Yamaguchi and Shibamoto, 1980	N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 170. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	858.	Yamaguchi and Shibamoto, 1980	N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 170. C

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DB-Wax	862.	Gyawali and Kim, 2012	60. m/0.20 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (3 min) 2 0C/min -> 150 0C 4 0C/min -> 220 0C (20 min) 5 0C/min -> 230 0C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	907.	Lee, Chong, et al., 2012	Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-Wax	870.	Welke, Manfroi, et al., 2012	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-Wax	885.	Welke, Manfroi, et al., 2012	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-Wax	870.	Miyazaki, Plotto, et al., 2011	60. m/0.25 mm/0.50 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C 4 0C/min -> 230 0C 100 0C/min -> 260 0C (11.7 min)
Capillary	CP-Wax 52 CB	915.	Povolo, Cabassi, et al., 2011	Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-Innowax	894.	Xiao, Dai, et al., 2011	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 3 0C/min -> 150 0C 5 0C/min -> 220 0C (5 min)
Capillary	HP-Innowax	896.	Cajka, Riddellova, et al., 2010	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 45 0C (1 min) 5 oC/min -> 170 0C 10 0C/min -> 260 0C (1 min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	909.	Kadar, Juan-Borras, et al., 2010	60. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 4 0C/min -> 190 0C (11 min) 8 0C/min -> 220 0C (8 min)
Capillary	Supelko CO Wax	895.	Vekiari, Orepoulou, et al., 2010	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (5 min) 4 0C/min -> 75 0C 5 0C/min -> 250 0C (10 min)
Capillary	Supelko CO Wax	892.	Vekiari, Orepoulou, et al., 2010	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-Wax	861.	Gyawali and Kim, 2009	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (3 min) 2 0C/min -> 150 0C 4 0C/min -> 220 0C (20 min)
Capillary	FFAP	882.	Ortiz, Echeverra, et al., 2009	50. m/0.20 mm/0.33 μm, Helium; Program: 70 0C (1 min) 3 0C/min -> 142 0C 5 0C/min -> 225 0C (10 min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	885.	Li, Tao, et al., 2008	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (3 min) 4 0C/min -> 160 0C 7 0C/min -> 220 0C (8 min)
Capillary	Supelcowax 10	871.	Soria, Martinez-Castro, et al., 2008	50. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 45 0C (15 min) 3 0C/min -> 75 0C 5 0C/min -> 180 0C (10 min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	885.	Tao, Wenlai, et al., 2008	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 50 0C 20 0C/min -> 80 0C 3 0C/min -> 230 0C
Capillary	DB-Wax	885.	Yongsheng, Hua, et al., 2008	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (4 min) 3 0C/min -> 50 0C 5 0C/min -> 120 0C 7 0C/min -> 175 0C 10 0C/min -> 230 0C (8 min)
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	891.	Berard, Bianchi, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 6C/min => 60C => 4C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	893.	Berard, Bianchi, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 6C/min => 60C => 4C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	897.	Gonzalez-Rios, Suarez-Quiroz, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen; Program: 44 0C 3 0C/min -> 170 0C 8 0C/min -> 250 0C
Capillary	DB-Wax	872.	Gonzalez-Rios, Suarez-Quiroz, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen; Program: not specified
Capillary	FFAP	898.	Lara, Echeverría, et al., 2007	50. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He; Program: 70C(1min) => 3C/min => 142C => 5C/min => 225C (10min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	885.	Li, Tao, et al., 2007	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(3min) => 4C/min => 160C => 7C/min => 230C (8min)
Capillary	FFAP	898.	Lopez, Villatoro, et al., 2007	50. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He; Program: 70C(1min) => 3C/min => 142C => 5C/min => 225C(10min)
Capillary	HP-Innowax	878.	Viegas and Bassoli, 2007	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (5 min) 4 0C/min -> 60 0C (5 min) 8 0C/min -> 250 0C (3 min)
Capillary	HP-Innowax	885.	Viegas and Bassoli, 2007	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-Wax	868.	Gyawalia, Seo, et al., 2006	60. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(3min) => 2C/min => 150C => 4C/min => 220C(20min) => 5C/min => 230C
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	866.	Kourkoutas, Bosnea, et al., 2006	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(3min) => 5C/min => 110C => 10C/min => 240C (10min)
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	866.	Kourkoutas, Kandylis, et al., 2006	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(3min) => 5C/min => 110C => 10C/min => 240C (10min)
Capillary	FFAP	898.	Lara, Graell, et al., 2006	50. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He; Program: 70C(1min) => 3C/min => 142C => 5C/min => 225C(10min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	853.	Mattheis, Fan, et al., 2005	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(5min) => 2C/min => 50C => 5C/min => 200C (5min)
Capillary	CP-Wax 58CB	898.	Tokitomo, Steihaus, et al., 2005	25. m/0.32 mm/0.20 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 40 0C/min -> 60 0C (1 min) 6 0C/min -> 180 0C 10 0C/min -> 240 0C (5 min)
Capillary	FFAP	898.	Echeverría, Correa, et al., 2004	50. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He; Program: 70C(1min) => 3C/min => 142C => 5C/min => 225C(10min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	891.	Kim. J.H., Ahn, et al., 2004	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 60 0C (3 min) 2 0C/min -> 150 0C 4 0C/min -> 200 0C
Capillary	BP-21	885.	Salinas, Zalacain, et al., 2004	50. m/0.22 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50C => 2.5C/min => 180C(2min) => 1C/min => 200C(10min)
Capillary	Innowax	893.	Selli, Kürkçüoglu, et al., 2004	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50C(10min) => 4C/min => 220C(10min) => 1C/min => 240C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	872.	Vinogradov, 2004	Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-FFAP	898.	Echeverria, Fuentes, et al., 2003	50. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He; Program: 70C(1min) => 3C/min => 142C => 5C/min => 225C (10min)
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	900.	Saura, LAencina, et al., 2003	Helium; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.70 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	HP Innowax FSP	893.	Tasdemir, Demirci, et al., 2003	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C(10min) => 4C/min => 220C (10min) => 1C/min => 240C
Capillary	HP Innowax FSP	893.	Tasdemir, Demirci, et al., 2003	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C(10min) => 4C/min => 220C (10min) => 1C/min => 240C
Capillary	DB-Wax	872.	Miranda, Nogueira, et al., 2001	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 25 0C (0.5 min) 50 K/min -> 50 0C 3.5 K/min -> 150 0C 7.5 K/min -> 240 0C
Capillary	FFAP	895.	Lopez, Lavilla, et al., 2000	50. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2; Program: 70C(1min) => 3C/min => 142C(2min) => 25C/min => 230C(5min)
Capillary	Cross-linked FFAP	895.	Lavilla, Puy, et al., 1999	50. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2; Program: 70C(1min) => 3C/min => 142C (2min) => 25C/min => 230C(5min)
Capillary	CP-Wax 52CB	886.	Jakobsen, Hansen, et al., 1998	50. m/0.25 mm/0.2 μm, He; Program: 30C (1.5min) => 3C/min => 120C => 10C/min => 220C (3.5min)
Capillary	FFAP	895.	López, Lavilla, et al., 1998	50. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2; Program: 70C (1min) => 3C/min => 142C (2min) => 25C/min => 230C (5min)
Capillary	DB-FFAP	900.	Guth, 1997	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 35C (1min) => 40C/min => 60C (1min) => 6C/min => 250C (10min)
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	872.	Chang, Seitz, et al., 1995	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50C(2min) => 7C/min => 140C => 17.5C/min => 230C
Capillary	DB-Wax	888.	Mattheis, Buchanan, et al., 1992	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C (5min) => 2C/min => 50C => 5C/min => 200C(5min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	888.	Mattheis, Buchanan, et al., 1992	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C (5min) => 2C/min => 50C => 5C/min => 200C(5min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	900.	Peng, Yang, et al., 1991	Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-Wax	882.	Binder, Flath, et al., 1989	Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-Wax	882.	Binder and Flath, 1989	Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	873.	Peppard and Ramus, 1988	He; Program: not specified
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	872.	Shibamoto, 1987	Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	872.	Shibamoto, 1987	Program: not specified
Capillary	Carbowax 400, Carbowax 20M, Carbowax 1540, Carbowax 4000, Superox 06, PEG 20M, etc.	886.	Waggott and Davies, 1984	Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	Carbowax 400, Carbowax 20M, Carbowax 1540, Carbowax 4000, Superox 06, PEG 20M, etc.	889.	Waggott and Davies, 1984	Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	Carbowax 400, Carbowax 20M, Carbowax 1540, Carbowax 4000, Superox 06, PEG 20M, etc.	906.	Waggott and Davies, 1984	Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	870.	Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982	Program: not specified
Capillary	Polyethylene Glycol	872.	MacLeod and Pieris, 1981	Program: not specified

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, NIST Free Links, Notes

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Kourkoutas, Y.; Bosnea, L.; Taboukos, S.; Baras, C.; Lambrou, D.; Kanellaki, M., Probiotic Cheese Production Using Lactobacillus casei Cells Immobilized on Fruit Pieces, J. Dairy Sci., 2006, 89, 5, 1439-1451, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72212-3 . [all data]

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Lara, I.; Graell, J.; López, M.L.; Echeverría, G., Multivariate analysis of modifications in biosynthesis of volatile compounds after CA storage of 'Fuji' apples, Postharvest Biol. Technol., 2006, 39, 1, 19-28, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2005.09.001 . [all data]

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Mattheis, J.P.; Fan, X.; Argenta, L.C., Interactive Responses of Gala Apple Fruit Volatile Production to Controlled Atmosphere Storage and Chemical Inhibition of Ethylene Action, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 11, 4510-4516, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf050121o . [all data]

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Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, NIST Free Links, References

Symbols used in this document:

AE	Appearance energy
C_p,gas	Constant pressure heat capacity of gas
C_p,liquid	Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid
IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
P_c	Critical pressure
S°_gas	Entropy of gas at standard conditions
S°_liquid	Entropy of liquid at standard conditions
T	Temperature
T_boil	Boiling point
T_c	Critical temperature
T_fus	Fusion (melting) point
T_triple	Triple point temperature
d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T)	Temperature dependence parameter for Henry's Law constant
k°_H	Henry's Law constant at 298.15K
Δ_cH°_liquid	Enthalpy of combustion of liquid at standard conditions
Δ_fH°_gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
Δ_fH°_liquid	Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions
Δ_fusH	Enthalpy of fusion
Δ_fusS	Entropy of fusion
Δ_rG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_rH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_rS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_vapH	Enthalpy of vaporization
Δ_vapH°	Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions
ρ_c	Critical density

Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
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Data at NIST subscription sites:

Gas phase thermochemistry data

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

Phase change data

Enthalpy of vaporization

Enthalpy of vaporization

Antoine Equation Parameters

Enthalpy of fusion

Entropy of fusion

Reaction thermochemistry data

Individual Reactions

Free energy of reaction

Free energy of reaction

Henry's Law data

Henry's Law constant (water solution)

Gas phase ion energetics data

Gas basicity at 298K

Ionization energy determinations

Appearance energy determinations

De-protonation reactions

Ion clustering data

Clustering reactions

Free energy of reaction

Free energy of reaction

IR Spectrum

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Spectrum

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Additional Data

Gas Chromatography

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal

Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

Normal alkane RI, polar column, isothermal

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

References

Notes