Titanium dioxide (anatase)

Formula: O₂Ti
Molecular weight: 79.866
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/2O.Ti
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 13463-67-7
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
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Other names: Titanium dioxide (rutile); titanium dioxide
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Other data available:
- Gas phase thermochemistry data
- Gas phase ion energetics data
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Condensed phase thermochemistry data

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Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_fH°_liquid	-894.05	kJ/mol	Review	Chase, 1998	Data last reviewed in December, 1973
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
S°_{liquid,1 bar}	72.32	J/mol*K	Review	Chase, 1998	Data last reviewed in December, 1973

Liquid Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
C_p = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
H° = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
S° = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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Temperature (K)	2130. to 4000.
A	100.4160
B	5.991573×10^-8
C	-1.796728×10^-8
D	1.839876×10^-9
E	3.592186×10^-8
F	-955.6758
G	145.6358
H	-894.0539
Reference	Chase, 1998
Comment	Data last reviewed in December, 1973

IR Spectrum

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Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

SOLID (0.3 mg / 300 mg CsI DISC); BECKMAN IR-12 (GRATING); DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY (FROM TWO SEGMENTS)
4, 4 cm^-1 resolution

Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels

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Data compiled by: Marilyn E. Jacox

State: A

Energy (cm^-1)	Med.	Transition	λ_min (nm)	λ_max (nm)	References


T_o = 17593 ± 5	gas	A-X	530	571	Wu and Wang, 1997
					Wang, Steimle, et al., 2009
					Zhuang, Le, et al., 2010
T_o = 19084 ± 5	Ne	A-X	405	524	McIntyre, Thompson, et al., 1971
					Garkusha, Nagy, et al., 2008

Vib. sym.	No.	Approximate type of mode	cm^-1		Med.	Method	References


a₁	1	Sym. stretch	874 ± 5		gas	MPI	Zhuang, Le, et al., 2010
	1	Sym. stretch	850	T	Ne	AB	Garkusha, Nagy, et al., 2008
	2	Bend	185 ± 5		gas	MPI	Zhuang, Le, et al., 2010
	2	Bend	180	T	Ne	AB	Garkusha, Nagy, et al., 2008
b₂	3	Asym. stretch	324	H	gas	MPI	Zhuang, Le, et al., 2010

State: a

Energy (cm^-1)	Med.	Transition	λ_min (nm)	λ_max (nm)	References


T_o = 15800 ± 800	gas				Wu and Wang, 1997
T_o = 15924 ± 5	Ne	a-X	509	628	Garkusha, Nagy, et al., 2008

Vib. sym.	No.	Approximate type of mode	cm^-1	Med.	Method	References


Σ_g⁺	1	Sym. stretch	826 ± 5	Ne	AB	Garkusha, Nagy, et al., 2008

State: X

Vib. sym.	No.	Approximate type of mode	cm^-1		Med.	Method	References


a₁	1	Sym. stretch	959		gas	IR LF	DeVore and Gallaher, 1983 Wu and Wang, 1997 Zhuang, Le, et al., 2010
	1	Sym. stretch	962.0		Ne	IR	McIntyre, Thompson, et al., 1971
	1	Sym. stretch	946.9		Ar	IR	Chertihin and Andrews, 1995
	2	Bend	323	w	gas	LF	Wang, Steimle, et al., 2009 Zhuang, Le, et al., 2010
b₂	3	Asym. stretch	944		gas	IR	DeVore and Gallaher, 1983
	3	Asym. stretch	934.8		Ne	IR	McIntyre, Thompson, et al., 1971 Garkusha, Nagy, et al., 2008
	3	Asym. stretch	917.1		Ar	IR	Chertihin and Andrews, 1995

Additional references: Jacox, 1998, page 176; Jacox, 2003, page 103; Brunken, Mullere, et al., 2008; Kania, Hermanns, et al., 2011

Notes

Weak

(1/2)(2ν)

Tentative assignment or approximate value

Energy separation between the v = 0 levels of the excited and electronic ground states.

References

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Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr., NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]

Wu and Wang, 1997
Wu, H.; Wang, L.-S., Electronic Structures of Titanium Oxide Clusters: TiOy (y=1-3) and (TiO2)n (n=1-4), J. Phys. Chem., 1997, 107, 20, 8221, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.475026 . [all data]

Wang, Steimle, et al., 2009
Wang, H.; Steimle, T.C.; Apetrei, C.; Maier, J.P., Characterization of the X 1A1 and Ã 1B2 electronic states of titanium dioxide, TiO2, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2009, 11, 15, 2649, https://doi.org/10.1039/b821849h . [all data]

Zhuang, Le, et al., 2010
Zhuang, X.; Le, A.; Steimle, T.C.; Nagarajan, R.; Gupta, V.; Maier, J.P., Visible spectrum of titanium dioxide, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2010, 12, 45, 15018, https://doi.org/10.1039/c0cp00861c . [all data]

McIntyre, Thompson, et al., 1971
McIntyre, N.S.; Thompson, K.R.; Weltner, W., Jr., Spectroscopy of titanium oxide and titanium dioxide molecules in inert matrices at 4.deg.K, J. Phys. Chem., 1971, 75, 21, 3243, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100690a008 . [all data]

Garkusha, Nagy, et al., 2008
Garkusha, I.; Nagy, A.; Guennoun, Z.; Maier, J.P., Electronic absorption spectrum of titanium dioxide in neon matrices, Chem. Phys., 2008, 353, 1-3, 115, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemphys.2008.08.003 . [all data]

DeVore and Gallaher, 1983
DeVore, T.C.; Gallaher, T.N., High Temp. Sci., 1983, 16, 269. [all data]

Chertihin and Andrews, 1995
Chertihin, G.V.; Andrews, L., Reactions of Laser Ablated Titanium, Zirconium, and Hafnium Atoms with Oxygen Molecules in Condensing Argon, J. Phys. Chem., 1995, 99, 17, 6356, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100017a015 . [all data]

Jacox, 1998
Jacox, M.E., Vibrational and electronic energy levels of polyatomic transient molecules: supplement A, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 2, 115-393, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556017 . [all data]

Jacox, 2003
Jacox, M.E., Vibrational and electronic energy levels of polyatomic transient molecules: supplement B, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2003, 32, 1, 1-441, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1497629 . [all data]

Brunken, Mullere, et al., 2008
Brunken, S.; Mullere, H.S.P.; Menten, K.M.; McCarthy, M.C.; Thaddeus, P., The Rotational Spectrum of TiO, Astrophys. J., 2008, 676, 2, 1367, https://doi.org/10.1086/528934 . [all data]

Kania, Hermanns, et al., 2011
Kania, P.; Hermanns, M.; Brunken, S.; Muller, H.S.P.; Giesen, T.F., Millimeter-wave spectroscopy of titanium dioxide, TiO2, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 2011, 268, 1-2, 173, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jms.2011.04.013 . [all data]

Notes

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Symbols used in this document:

S°_{liquid,1 bar} Entropy of liquid at standard conditions (1 bar)

Δ_fH°_liquid Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions
Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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S°_{liquid,1 bar}	Entropy of liquid at standard conditions (1 bar)
Δ_fH°_liquid	Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions