Pyrene

• Formula: C₁₆H₁₀
• Molecular weight: 202.2506
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C16H10/c1-3-11-7-9-13-5-2-6-14-10-8-12(4-1)15(11)16(13)14/h1-10H Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 129-00-0
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Other names: β-Pyrene; Benzo[def]phenanthrene; Pyren; Coal tar pitch volatiles:pyrene
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • Henry's Law data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Ion clustering data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Gas Chromatography
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
  • NIST Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Structure Index
• Options:
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Constant pressure heat capacity of solid

Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
CAL - James S. Chickos, William E. Acree, Jr., Joel F. Liebman, Students of Chem 202 (Introduction to the Literature of Chemistry), University of Missouri -- St. Louis
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Enthalpy of vaporization

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

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Enthalpy of sublimation

Enthalpy of fusion

Entropy of fusion

Enthalpy of phase transition

Entropy of phase transition

Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

C₁₆H₁₀⁺ +  = (C₁₆H₁₀⁺ • )

By formula: C₁₆H₁₀⁺ + C₁₆H₁₀ = (C₁₆H₁₀⁺ • C₁₆H₁₀)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Free energy of reaction

C₁₆H₁₁⁺ +  = (C₁₆H₁₁⁺ • )

By formula: C₁₆H₁₁⁺ + C₁₆H₁₀ = (C₁₆H₁₁⁺ • C₁₆H₁₀)

Henry's Law data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Rolf Sander

Henry's Law constant (water solution)

k_H(T) = k°_H exp(d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) ((1/T) - 1/(298.15 K)))
k°_H = Henry's law constant for solubility in water at 298.15 K (mol/(kg*bar))
d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) = Temperature dependence constant (K)

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
MM - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner)
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess

View reactions leading to C₁₆H₁₀⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Electron affinity determinations

Proton affinity at 298K

Gas basicity at 298K

Ionization energy determinations

Ion clustering data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

C₁₆H₁₀⁺ +  = (C₁₆H₁₀⁺ • )

By formula: C₁₆H₁₀⁺ + C₁₆H₁₀ = (C₁₆H₁₀⁺ • C₁₆H₁₀)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Free energy of reaction

C₁₆H₁₁⁺ +  = (C₁₆H₁₁⁺ • )

By formula: C₁₆H₁₁⁺ + C₁₆H₁₀ = (C₁₆H₁₁⁺ • C₁₆H₁₀)

IR Spectrum

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Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

• SOLUTION (10% CCl4 FOR 4000-1340, 10% CCl4 FOR 440-200, 10% CS2 FOR 1340-430 CM^-1); BECKMAN IR-12 (GRATING); 2 cm^-1 resolution

Data compiled by: Timothy J. Johnson, Tanya L. Myers, Yin-Fong Su, Russell G. Tonkyn, Molly Rose K. Kelly-Gorham, and Tyler O. Danby

• solid; Bruker Tensor 37 FTIR; 0.96450084 cm^-1 resolution

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

• gas; HP-GC/MS/IRD

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Additional Data

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Roux, Temprado, et al., 2008
Roux, M.V.; Temprado, M.; Chickos, J.S.; Nagano, Y., Critically Evaluated Thermochemical Properties of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2008, 37, 4, 1855-1996. [all data]

Smith, Stewart, et al., 1980
Smith, N.K.; Stewart, R.C., Jr.; Osborn, A.G.; Scott, D.W., Pyrene: vapor pressure, enthalpy of combustion, and chemical thermodynamic properties, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1980, 12, 919-926. [all data]

Westrum and Wong, 1967
Westrum, E.F., Jr.; Wong, S., Strain energies and thermal properties of globular and polynuclear aromatic molecules, AEC Rept. Coo-1149-92, Contract AT(11-1)-1149, 1967, 1-7. [all data]

Richardson and Parks, 1939
Richardson, J.W.; Parks, G.S., Thermal data on organic compounds. XIX. Modern combustion data for some non-volatile compounds containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1939, 61, 3543-3546. [all data]

Dorofeeva O.V., 1988
Dorofeeva O.V., Thermodynamic Properties of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Gaseous Phase. Institute for High Temperatures, USSR Academy of Sciences, Preprint No.1-238 (in Russian), Moscow, 1988. [all data]

Frenkel M., 1994
Frenkel M., Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds in the Gas State, Vol. I, II, Thermodynamics Research Center, College Station, Texas, 1994, 1994. [all data]

Smith N.K., 1980
Smith N.K., Jr., Pyrene: vapor pressure, enthalpy of combustion, and chemical thermodynamic properties, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1980, 12, 919-926. [all data]

Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]

Richardson, 1939
Richardson, J.W., Precise determination of the heats of combustion of some representative organic compounds, Ph.D. Thesis for Standford University, 1939, 1-122. [all data]

Wong and Westrum, 1971
Wong, W-K.; Westrum, E.F., Jr., Thermodynamics of polynuclear aromatic molecules. I. Heat capacities and enthalpies of fusion of pyrene, flouranthene, and triphenylene, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1971, 3, 105-124. [all data]

Jacobs and Parks, 1934
Jacobs, C.J.; Parks, G.S., Thermal data on organic compounds. XIV. Some heat capacity, entropy and free energy data for cyclic substances, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1934, 56, 1513-1517. [all data]

Wong and Westrum, 1971, 2
Wong, W.-K.; Westrum, E.F., Thermodynamics of Polynuclear Aromatic Molecules. 1. Heat Capacities and Enthalpies of Fusion of Pyrene, Fluoranthene, and Triphenylene, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1971, 3, 105-24. [all data]

Hanshaw, Nutt, et al., 2008
Hanshaw, William; Nutt, Marjorie; Chickos, James S., Hypothetical Thermodynamic Properties. Subcooled Vaporization Enthalpies and Vapor Pressures of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 2008, 53, 8, 1903-1913, https://doi.org/10.1021/je800300x . [all data]

Teodorescu, Barhala, et al., 2006
Teodorescu, Mariana; Barhala, Alexandru; Dragoescu, Dana, Isothermal (vapour+liquid) equilibria for the binary (cyclopentanone or cyclohexanone with 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane) systems at temperatures of (343.15, 353.15, and 363.15)K, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 2006, 38, 11, 1432-1437, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jct.2006.01.010 . [all data]

Siddiqi, Siddiqui, et al., 2009
Siddiqi, M. Aslam; Siddiqui, Rehan A.; Atakan, Burak, Thermal Stability, Sublimation Pressures, and Diffusion Coefficients of Anthracene, Pyrene, and Some Metal β-Diketonates, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 2009, 54, 10, 2795-2802, https://doi.org/10.1021/je9001653 . [all data]

Rojas and Orozco, 2003
Rojas, Aarón; Orozco, Eulogio, Measurement of the enthalpies of vaporization and sublimation of solids aromatic hydrocarbons by differential scanning calorimetry, Thermochimica Acta, 2003, 405, 1, 93-107, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6031(03)00139-4 . [all data]

Hinckley, Bidleman, et al., 1990
Hinckley, Daniel A.; Bidleman, Terry F.; Foreman, William T.; Tuschall, Jack R., Determination of vapor pressures for nonpolar and semipolar organic compounds from gas chromatograhic retention data, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1990, 35, 3, 232-237, https://doi.org/10.1021/je00061a003 . [all data]

Sasse, Jose, et al., 1988
Sasse, Karim; Jose, Jacques; Merlin, Jean-Claude, A static apparatus for measurement of low vapor pressures. Experimental results on high molecular-weight hydrocarbons, Fluid Phase Equilibria, 1988, 42, 287-304, https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-3812(88)80065-7 . [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Tsypikina and Ya, 1955
Tsypikina, O.; Ya, J., J. Appl. Chem. USSR, 1955, 28, 167. [all data]

Tsypkina, 1955
Tsypkina, O.Y., Study of Vacuum Pressure Influence on Efficiency of Separation of Some Polynuclear Compounds of Coal Tar Rectifications, Zh. Prikl. Khim. (Moscow), 1955, 28, 2, 185-192. [all data]

Oja and Suuberg, 1998
Oja, Vahur; Suuberg, Eric M., Vapor Pressures and Enthalpies of Sublimation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Derivatives, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1998, 43, 3, 486-492, https://doi.org/10.1021/je970222l . [all data]

Nass, Lenoir, et al., 1995
Nass, Karen; Lenoir, Dieter; Kettrup, Antonius, Calculation of the Thermodynamic Properties of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by an Incremental Procedure, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 16, 1735-1736, https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.199517351 . [all data]

Sonnefeld, Zoller, et al., 1983
Sonnefeld, W.J.; Zoller, W.H.; May, W.E., Dynamic coupled-column liquid-chromatographic determination of ambient-temperature vapor pressures of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, Anal. Chem., 1983, 55, 2, 275-280, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00253a022 . [all data]

Malaspina, Bardi, et al., 1974
Malaspina, L.; Bardi, G.; Gigli, R., Simultaneous determination by knudsen-effusion microcalorimetric technique of the vapor pressure and enthalpy of vaporization of pyrene and 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 1974, 6, 11, 1053-1064, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(74)90067-6 . [all data]

Hoyer and Peperle, 1958
Hoyer, H.; Peperle, W., Z. Elektrochem., 1958, 62, 61. [all data]

Bradley and Cleasby, 1953
Bradley, R.S.; Cleasby, T.G., The vapour pressure and lattice energy of some aromatic ring compounds, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1953, 1690-16. [all data]

Inokuchi, Shiba, et al., 1952
Inokuchi, Hiroo; Shiba, Sukekuni; Handa, Takashi; Akamatu, Hideo, Heats of Sublimation of Condensed Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1952, 25, 5, 299-302, https://doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.25.299 . [all data]

Domalski and Hearing, 1996
Domalski, Eugene S.; Hearing, Elizabeth D., Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase. Volume III, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1996, 25, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555985 . [all data]

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Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

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Ando, N.; Kokubo, S.; Mitsui, M.; Nakajima, A., Photoelectron spectroscopy of pyrene cluster anions, (pyrene)(-)(n) (n=1-20), Chem. Phys. Lett., 2004, 389, 4-6, 279-283, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2004.03.100 . [all data]

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Wentworth, W.E.; Becker, R.S., Potential Method for the Determination of Electron Affinities of Molecules: Application to Some Aromatic Hydrocarbons., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1962, 84, 22, 4263, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00881a014 . [all data]

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Lyons, L.E.; Morris, G.C.; Warren, L.J., Electron Affinities and the Electron Capture Method for Aromatic Hydrocarbons, J. Phys. Chem., 1968, 72, 10, 3677, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100856a056 . [all data]

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Becker, R.S.; Chen, E., Extension of Electron Affinities and Ionization Potentials of Aromatic Hydrocarbons, J. Chem. Phys., 1966, 45, 7, 2403, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1727954 . [all data]

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Briegleb, G.; Czekalla, J.; Reuss, G., Mesomeriemomente und Elektronenuberfuhrungsbanden von Elektronen-donator-akzeptor-komplexen des Chloranils und Tetracyanathylens mit aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen, Z. Phys. Chem. (Neue Folge), 1961, 30, 333. [all data]

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Matsen, F.A., Electron affinities, methyl affinities, and ionization energies of condensed ring aromatic hydrocarbons, J. Chem. Phys., 1956, 24, 602. [all data]

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Akiyama, I.; Li, K.C.; LeBreton, P.R.; Fu, P.P.; Harvey, R.G., Ultraviolet photoelectron studies of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The ground-state electronic structure of aryloxiranes and metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene, J. Phys. Chem., 1979, 83, 2997. [all data]

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Clar, E.; Schmidt, W., Correlations between photoelectron and phosphorescence spectra of polycyclic hydrocarbons, Tetrahedron, 1976, 32, 2563. [all data]

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Boschi, R.; Schmidt, W., Photoelectron spectra of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Pyrene and coronene, Tetrahedron Lett., 1972, 25, 2577. [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  Cp,gas	Constant pressure heat capacity of gas
  Cp,solid	Constant pressure heat capacity of solid
  EA	Electron affinity
  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  S°solid,1 bar	Entropy of solid at standard conditions (1 bar)
  T	Temperature
  Tfus	Fusion (melting) point
  Ttriple	Triple point temperature
  d(ln(kH))/d(1/T)	Temperature dependence parameter for Henry's Law constant
  k°H	Henry's Law constant at 298.15K
  ΔHtrs	Enthalpy of phase transition
  ΔStrs	Entropy of phase transition
  ΔcH°solid	Enthalpy of combustion of solid at standard conditions
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔfH°solid	Enthalpy of formation of solid at standard conditions
  ΔfusH	Enthalpy of fusion
  ΔfusS	Entropy of fusion
  ΔrG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔsubH	Enthalpy of sublimation
  ΔsubH°	Enthalpy of sublimation at standard conditions
  ΔvapH	Enthalpy of vaporization
  ΔvapH°	Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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