Carbon dioxide

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas-94.051 ± 0.031kcal/molReviewCox, Wagman, et al., 1984CODATA Review value
Δfgas-94.054kcal/molReviewChase, 1998Data last reviewed in September, 1965
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
gas,1 bar51.0958 ± 0.0024cal/mol*KReviewCox, Wagman, et al., 1984CODATA Review value
gas,1 bar51.097cal/mol*KReviewChase, 1998Data last reviewed in September, 1965

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

Cp° = A + B*t + C*t2 + D*t3 + E/t2
H° − H°298.15= A*t + B*t2/2 + C*t3/3 + D*t4/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t2/2 + D*t3/3 − E/(2*t2) + G
    Cp = heat capacity (cal/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kcal/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (cal/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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View table.

Temperature (K) 298. to 1200.1200. to 6000.
A 5.97451113.90210
B 13.190000.650113
C -8.052431-0.117660
D 1.8997110.009284
E -0.032657-1.540941
F -96.46451-101.7970
G 54.5514163.00490
H -94.05411-94.05411
ReferenceChase, 1998Chase, 1998
Comment Data last reviewed in September, 1965 Data last reviewed in September, 1965

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Ttriple216.58KN/AMarsh, 1987Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.008 K; recommended as fixed point for thermometery; TRC
Ttriple216.58KN/AAngus, Armstrong, et al., 1976Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.03 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Ptriple5.117atmN/AAngus, Armstrong, et al., 1976Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.005 atm; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tc304.18KN/ASuehiro, Nakajima, et al., 1996Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.04 K; TRC
Tc304.1KN/AWeber, 1989Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.1 K; TRC
Tc304.35KN/ALi and Kiran, 1988Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.4 K; TRC
Tc304.200KN/AMorrison, 1981Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.02 K; TRC
Tc304.23KN/AEfremova and Shvarts, 1972Visual, agreement with literature evidence of sample purity; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Pc72.83atmN/ASuehiro, Nakajima, et al., 1996Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.15 atm; TRC
Pc72.44atmN/ALi and Kiran, 1988Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.49 atm; TRC
Pc72.860atmN/AAngus, Armstrong, et al., 1976Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.005 atm; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Vc0.0919l/molN/ALi and Kiran, 1988Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.001 l/mol; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ρc10.6mol/lN/ASuehiro, Nakajima, et al., 1996Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.05 mol/l; TRC
ρc10.590mol/lN/AAngus, Armstrong, et al., 1976Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.007 mol/l; TRC
ρc10.8mol/lN/AAndrizhievskii and Chernova, 1970Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2 mol/l; TRC
ρc10.64mol/lN/ALowry and Erickson, 1927Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.034 mol/l; from a plot of (DN(liq) + DN(g))/2 based on exp. measurement and extrapolated to 31.0 deg C; TRC

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
3.99288.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 273. to 304. K.; AC
3.92258.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 216. to 273. K.; AC
3.94282.N/ABoublík and Aim, 1972Based on data from 267. to 303. K.; AC

Antoine Equation Parameters

log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (atm)
    T = temperature (K)

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Temperature (K) A B C Reference Comment
154.26 to 195.896.806571301.679-3.494Giauque and Egan, 1937Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

Enthalpy of sublimation

ΔsubH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
6.24207.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 198. to 216. K.; AC
6.50 ± 0.170. to 102.LEBryson, Cazcarra, et al., 1974AC
6.19188.N/AAmbrose, 1956Based on data from 179. to 198. K.; AC
6.29167.AStull, 1947Based on data from 139. to 195. K.; AC
6.02195.N/AGiauque and Egan, 1937, 2Based on data from 154. to 196. K.; AC

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


Henry's Law data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Rolf Sander

Henry's Law constant (water solution)

kH(T) = H exp(d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) ((1/T) - 1/(298.15 K)))
H = Henry's law constant for solubility in water at 298.15 K (mol/(kg*bar))
d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) = Temperature dependence constant (K)

H (mol/(kg*bar)) d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) (K) Method Reference Comment
0.0352400.LN/A 
0.0342600.QN/AOnly the tabulated data between T = 273. K and T = 303. K from missing citation was used to derive kH and -Δ kH/R. Above T = 303. K the tabulated data could not be parameterized by equation (reference missing) very well. The partial pressure of water vapor (needed to convert some Henry's law constants) was calculated using the formula given by missing citation. The quantities A and α from missing citation were assumed to be identical.
0.045 QN/A missing citation give several references for the Henry's law constants but don't assign them to specific species.
0.0352300.LN/A 
0.0342400.CN/A 
0.0342400.CN/A 
0.0342400.CN/A 
0.0312400.TN/A 
0.0342400.QN/A missing citation refer to several references in their list of Henry's law constants but they don't assign them to specific species.
0.034 N/AN/A 
0.034 CN/A 
0.0322400.XN/A 
0.0352400.LN/A 
0.0342400.LN/A 
0.0342400.XN/AThe value is taken from the compilation of solubilities by W. Asman (unpublished).
0.0342700.XN/AThe value is taken from the compilation of solubilities by W. Asman (unpublished).
0.0342400.N/AN/A 

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
IE (evaluated)13.777 ± 0.001eVN/AN/AL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Proton affinity (review)129.2kcal/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Gas basicity123.3kcal/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL

Electron affinity determinations

EA (eV) Method Reference Comment
-0.599986EIAEKnapp, Echt, et al., 1986Unbound but in -0.3 eV well, from (CO2)n; B
-1.60 ± 0.10NBIECompton, Reinhardt, et al., 1975B

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
13.778 ± 0.002PEWang, Reutt, et al., 1988LL
13.78PEKimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981LLK
13.776 ± 0.002PEPotts and Fattahallah, 1980LLK
13. ± 1.PIHitchcock, Brion, et al., 1980LLK
13.89 ± 0.03EISahini, Constantin, et al., 1978LLK
13.79 ± 0.05EIMark and Hille, 1978LLK
13.77PIJones and Taylor, 1978LLK
13.777 ± 0.002PEFrey, Gotchev, et al., 1977LLK
13.83 ± 0.05EIBussieres and Marmet, 1977LLK
13.788PEKronebusch and Berkowitz, 1976LLK
13.776 ± 0.002TEBatten, Taylor, et al., 1976LLK
13.774 ± 0.003PIParr and Taylor, 1974LLK
13.9 ± 0.2EISemenov, Volkov, et al., 1973LLK
13.776 ± 0.008PIParr and Taylor, 1973LLK
13.78PENatalis, 1973LLK
13.773 ± 0.002PIMcCulloh, 1973LLK
13.80 ± 0.01PEFrost, Lee, et al., 1973LLK
13.788 ± 0.005PEBrundle and Turner, 1969RDSH
13.78 ± 0.01PEEland and Danby, 1968RDSH
13.77PESpohr and Puttkamer, 1967RDSH
13.75 ± 0.05EICarette, 1967RDSH
13.767 ± 0.003PINakata, Watanabe, et al., 1965RDSH
13.77 ± 0.03STanaka, Jursa, et al., 1960RDSH
13.773PEEland and Berkowitz, 1977Vertical value; LLK
13.78PEBenoit and Harrison, 1977Vertical value; LLK
13.78PESchweig and Thiel, 1974Vertical value; LLK
13.79PEPotts and Williams, 1974Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
C+25. ± 2.O2PIHitchcock, Brion, et al., 1980LLK
C+22.7 ± 0.2O2EIBussieres and Marmet, 1977LLK
C+27.8 ± 0.12OEIBussieres and Marmet, 1977LLK
C+24.6 ± 1.0O2EICrowe and McConkey, 1974LLK
C+28.4 ± 0.62OEICuthbert, Farren, et al., 1968RDSH
C+14.2 ± 0.52OEICuthbert, Farren, et al., 1968RDSH
C+23.2 ± 0.5O2EICuthbert, Farren, et al., 1968RDSH
CO+19. ± 2.OPIHitchcock, Brion, et al., 1980LLK
CO+19.466OPEEland and Berkowitz, 1977, 2LLK
CO+19.42 ± 0.075OEIBussieres and Marmet, 1977LLK
CO+19.466OPEKronebusch and Berkowitz, 1976LLK
CO+20.9 ± 1.0OEICrowe and McConkey, 1974LLK
CO+29.0OPISamson and Gardner, 1973LLK
O+19. ± 1.COPIHitchcock, Brion, et al., 1980LLK
O+19.071COPEEland and Berkowitz, 1977, 2LLK
O+19.05 ± 0.05COEIBussieres and Marmet, 1977LLK
O+19.067COPEKronebusch and Berkowitz, 1976LLK
O+19.393 ± 0.008?PIParr and Taylor, 1974LLK
O+22.6 ± 1.0COEICrowe and McConkey, 1974LLK
O+19.10 ± 0.01COPIDibeler and Walker, 1967RDSH

Ion clustering data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

Bromine anion + Carbon dioxide = (Bromine anion • Carbon dioxide)

By formula: Br- + CO2 = (Br- • CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr5.3 ± 2.0kcal/molPDisArnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995gas phase; Affinity: shift in apparent EA from lesser-solvated ion. Ignores any neutral-neutral bond.; B
Δr6.7 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr16.5cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1.8 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; B

(Bromine anion • Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Bromine anion • 2Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (Br- • CO2) + CO2 = (Br- • 2CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr5.1 ± 2.0kcal/molPDisArnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B
Δr6.0 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr19.0cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr0.3 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; B

(Bromine anion • 2Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Bromine anion • 3Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (Br- • 2CO2) + CO2 = (Br- • 3CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr5.1 ± 2.0kcal/molPDisArnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B

(Bromine anion • 3Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Bromine anion • 4Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (Br- • 3CO2) + CO2 = (Br- • 4CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr5.2 ± 2.0kcal/molPDisArnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B

(Bromine anion • 4Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Bromine anion • 5Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (Br- • 4CO2) + CO2 = (Br- • 5CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr4.2 ± 2.0kcal/molPDisArnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B

(Bromine anion • 5Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Bromine anion • 6Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (Br- • 5CO2) + CO2 = (Br- • 6CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr4.0 ± 2.0kcal/molPDisArnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B

(Bromine anion • 6Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Bromine anion • 7Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (Br- • 6CO2) + CO2 = (Br- • 7CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr3.6 ± 2.0kcal/molPDisArnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B

(Bromine anion • 7Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Bromine anion • 8Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (Br- • 7CO2) + CO2 = (Br- • 8CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr3.7 ± 2.0kcal/molPDisArnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B

(Bromine anion • 8Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Bromine anion • 9Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (Br- • 8CO2) + CO2 = (Br- • 9CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1.8 ± 2.0kcal/molPDisArnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B

(Bromine anion • 9Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Bromine anion • 10Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (Br- • 9CO2) + CO2 = (Br- • 10CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1.8 ± 2.0kcal/molPDisArnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B

(Bromine anion • 10Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Bromine anion • 11Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (Br- • 10CO2) + CO2 = (Br- • 11CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr0.5 ± 2.0kcal/molPDisArnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B

Formyl cation + Carbon dioxide = (Formyl cation • Carbon dioxide)

By formula: CHO+ + CO2 = (CHO+ • CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr12.6kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr21.4cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase; M

(Formyl cation • Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Formyl cation • 2Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (CHO+ • CO2) + CO2 = (CHO+ • 2CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr7.2kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr19.7cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase; M

(Formyl cation • 2Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Formyl cation • 3Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (CHO+ • 2CO2) + CO2 = (CHO+ • 3CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr6.9kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr22.7cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase; M

(Formyl cation • 3Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Formyl cation • 4Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (CHO+ • 3CO2) + CO2 = (CHO+ • 4CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr8.4kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr24.cal/mol*KN/AHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

CHO2+ + Carbon dioxide = (CHO2+ • Carbon dioxide)

By formula: CHO2+ + CO2 = (CHO2+ • CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr19.8kcal/molPHPMSSzulejko and McMahon, 1992gas phase; M
Δr18.0kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase; M
Δr19.1kcal/molPHPMSJennings, Headley, et al., 1982gas phase; M
Δr20.1kcal/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1977gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr26.6cal/mol*KPHPMSSzulejko and McMahon, 1992gas phase; M
Δr22.2cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase; M
Δr27.1cal/mol*KPHPMSJennings, Headley, et al., 1982gas phase; M
Δr24.2cal/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1977gas phase; M

(CHO2+ • Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (CHO2+ • 2Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (CHO2+ • CO2) + CO2 = (CHO2+ • 2CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr6.9kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr23.0cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase; M

(CHO2+ • 2Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (CHO2+ • 3Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (CHO2+ • 2CO2) + CO2 = (CHO2+ • 3CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr5.9kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr24.cal/mol*KN/AHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(HCO2 anion • 4294967295Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = HCO2 anion

By formula: (CHO2- • 4294967295CO2) + CO2 = CHO2-

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr51.6 ± 2.3kcal/molN/ACaldwell, Renneboog, et al., 1989gas phase; B

Methyl cation + Carbon dioxide = (Methyl cation • Carbon dioxide)

By formula: CH3+ + CO2 = (CH3+ • CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr49.4kcal/molPHPMSMcMahon, Heinis, et al., 1988gas phase; switching reaction(CH3+)N2, Entropy change calculated or estimated, uses MCA(N2) = 48.3 kcal/mol; Foster, Williamson, et al., 1974; M

CH6N+ + Carbon dioxide = (CH6N+ • Carbon dioxide)

By formula: CH6N+ + CO2 = (CH6N+ • CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr13.2kcal/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), 1978gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr21.4cal/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), 1978gas phase; M

CN- + Carbon dioxide = (CN- • Carbon dioxide)

By formula: CN- + CO2 = (CN- • CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr17.30 ± 0.80kcal/molTDAsLarson, Szulejko, et al., 1988gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr31.5cal/mol*KPHPMSLarson, Szulejko, et al., 1988gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr7.90 ± 0.20kcal/molTDAsLarson, Szulejko, et al., 1988gas phase; B

CO2+ + Carbon dioxide = (CO2+ • Carbon dioxide)

By formula: CO2+ + CO2 = (CO2+ • CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr16. ± 1.kcal/molAVGN/AAverage of 7 out of 10 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr19.1cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Nakajima, et al., 1988gas phase; M
Δr18.6cal/mol*KDTIllies, 1988gas phase; ΔrH(0 K)=15.9 kcal/mol; M
Δr19.5cal/mol*KDTVan Koppen, Kemper, et al., 1983gas phase; M
Δr22.8cal/mol*KPHPMSHeadley, Mason, et al., 1982gas phase; M
Δr21.1cal/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1977gas phase; M

(CO2+ • Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (CO2+ • 2Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (CO2+ • CO2) + CO2 = (CO2+ • 2CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr5.6 ± 0.3kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, Nakajima, et al., 1988gas phase; M
Δr8.3kcal/molEICameron, Aitken, et al., 1994gas phase; M
Δr3.3kcal/molPILinn and Ng, 1981gas phase; M
Δr6.0kcal/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1977gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr14.1cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Nakajima, et al., 1988gas phase; M
Δr24.0cal/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1977gas phase; M

(CO2+ • 2Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (CO2+ • 3Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (CO2+ • 2CO2) + CO2 = (CO2+ • 3CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr6.0kcal/molEICameron, Aitken, et al., 1994gas phase; M
Δr5.1 ± 0.3kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, Nakajima, et al., 1988gas phase; M
Δr2.8kcal/molPILinn and Ng, 1981gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr19.1cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Nakajima, et al., 1988gas phase; M

(CO2+ • 3Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (CO2+ • 4Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (CO2+ • 3CO2) + CO2 = (CO2+ • 4CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr4.8 ± 0.3kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, Nakajima, et al., 1988gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr21.7cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Nakajima, et al., 1988gas phase; M

(CO2+ • 4Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (CO2+ • 5Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (CO2+ • 4CO2) + CO2 = (CO2+ • 5CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr4.3 ± 0.3kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, Nakajima, et al., 1988gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr21.7cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Nakajima, et al., 1988gas phase; M

(CO2+ • 5Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (CO2+ • 6Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (CO2+ • 5CO2) + CO2 = (CO2+ • 6CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr4.0kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, Nakajima, et al., 1988gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr22.cal/mol*KN/AHiraoka, Nakajima, et al., 1988gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

CO3- + Carbon dioxide = C2O5-

By formula: CO3- + CO2 = C2O5-

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr5.90 ± 0.20kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; B
Δr7.10 ± 0.10kcal/molTDAsKeesee, Lee, et al., 1980gas phase; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1.0 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; B
Δr0.60 ± 0.20kcal/molTDAsKeesee, Lee, et al., 1980gas phase; B

CO3- + Carbon dioxide = (CO3- • Carbon dioxide)

By formula: CO3- + CO2 = (CO3- • CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr5.9 ± 0.2kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr16.3cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; M

(CO3- • Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (CO3- • 2Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (CO3- • CO2) + CO2 = (CO3- • 2CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr5.7 ± 0.2kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr17.9cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; M

(CO3- • 2Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (CO3- • 3Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (CO3- • 2CO2) + CO2 = (CO3- • 3CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr5.5 ± 0.2kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr21.9cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; M

(CO3- • 3Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (CO3- • 4Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (CO3- • 3CO2) + CO2 = (CO3- • 4CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr5.2 ± 0.2kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr22.3cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; M

(CO3- • 4Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (CO3- • 5Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (CO3- • 4CO2) + CO2 = (CO3- • 5CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr4.8 ± 0.2kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr22.0cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; M

(CO3- • 5Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (CO3- • 6Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (CO3- • 5CO2) + CO2 = (CO3- • 6CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr4.7 ± 0.2kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr21.9cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; M

(CO3- • 6Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (CO3- • 7Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (CO3- • 6CO2) + CO2 = (CO3- • 7CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr4.45kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr22.cal/mol*KN/AHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(HCOOCH radical anion • 4294967295Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = HCOOCH radical anion

By formula: (C2H2O2- • 4294967295CO2) + CO2 = C2H2O2-

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr61.7 ± 2.7kcal/molCIDTWenthold and Squires, 1994gas phase; B

(MeCO2 anion • 4294967295Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = MeCO2 anion

By formula: (C2H3O2- • 4294967295CO2) + CO2 = C2H3O2-

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr59.7 ± 2.5kcal/molCIDCWenthold and Squires, 1994gas phase; B

C2H8N+ + Carbon dioxide = (C2H8N+ • Carbon dioxide)

By formula: C2H8N+ + CO2 = (C2H8N+ • CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr11.2kcal/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), 1978gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr20.8cal/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), 1978gas phase; M

C2O5- + 2Carbon dioxide = C3O7-

By formula: C2O5- + 2CO2 = C3O7-

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr5.7 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr0.4 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; B

C3O7- + 3Carbon dioxide = C4O9-

By formula: C3O7- + 3CO2 = C4O9-

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr5.5 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-1.1 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; B

C4O9- + 4Carbon dioxide = C5O11-

By formula: C4O9- + 4CO2 = C5O11-

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr5.2 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-1.5 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; B

C5O11- + 5Carbon dioxide = C6O13-

By formula: C5O11- + 5CO2 = C6O13-

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr4.8 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-1.8 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; B

C6O13- + 6Carbon dioxide = C7O15-

By formula: C6O13- + 6CO2 = C7O15-

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr4.7 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-1.9 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; B

C7O15- + 7Carbon dioxide = C8O17-

By formula: C7O15- + 7CO2 = C8O17-

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr4.5 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; Estimated entropy; single temperature measurement; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-2.1 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; Estimated entropy; single temperature measurement; B

(Ca+2 • 4Carbon dioxide • Calcium carbonate (precipitated)) + Carbon dioxide = (Ca+2 • 5Carbon dioxide • Calcium carbonate (precipitated))

By formula: (Ca+2 • 4CO2 • CCaO3) + CO2 = (Ca+2 • 5CO2 • CCaO3)

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
7.6296.FASpears and Fehsenfeld, 1972gas phase; M

(Ca+2 • 5Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Ca+2 • 6Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (Ca+2 • 5CO2) + CO2 = (Ca+2 • 6CO2)

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
8.1296.FASpears and Fehsenfeld, 1972gas phase; M

Chlorine anion + Carbon dioxide = (Chlorine anion • Carbon dioxide)

By formula: Cl- + CO2 = (Cl- • CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr6.80 ± 0.50kcal/molPDisArnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995gas phase; Affinity: shift in apparent EA from lesser-solvated ion. Ignores any neutral-neutral bond.; B
Δr7.60kcal/molTDEqHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase; B,M
Δr8.00 ± 0.10kcal/molTDAsKeesee, Lee, et al., 1980gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr18.2cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase; M
Δr19.6cal/mol*KHPMSKeesee, Lee, et al., 1980gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr2.10kcal/molTDEqHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase; B
Δr2.10 ± 0.10kcal/molTDAsKeesee, Lee, et al., 1980gas phase; B

(Chlorine anion • Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Chlorine anion • 2Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (Cl- • CO2) + CO2 = (Cl- • 2CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr7.2 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; B
Δr7.20kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr20.8cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-1.4 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; B
Δr1.00kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase; B

(Chlorine anion • 2Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Chlorine anion • 3Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (Cl- • 2CO2) + CO2 = (Cl- • 3CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr6.8 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; B
Δr6.80kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr22.4cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr0.1 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; B
Δr0.10kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase; B

(Chlorine anion • 3Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Chlorine anion • 4Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (Cl- • 3CO2) + CO2 = (Cl- • 4CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr6.40kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase; entropy estimated.; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr24.cal/mol*KN/AHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-0.80kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase; entropy estimated.; B

Cesium ion (1+) + Carbon dioxide = (Cesium ion (1+) • Carbon dioxide)

By formula: Cs+ + CO2 = (Cs+ • CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr6.2kcal/molDTMcKnight and Sawina, 1972gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr14.3cal/mol*KDTMcKnight and Sawina, 1972gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
2.4301.HPMSBanic and Iribarne, 1985gas phase; electric fields; M

(Cesium ion (1+) • Water) + Carbon dioxide = (Cesium ion (1+) • Carbon dioxide • Water)

By formula: (Cs+ • H2O) + CO2 = (Cs+ • CO2 • H2O)

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
1.2301.HPMSBanic and Iribarne, 1985gas phase; electric fields; M

Fluorine anion + Carbon dioxide = (Fluorine anion • Carbon dioxide)

By formula: F- + CO2 = (F- • CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr32.07kcal/molN/AArnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995gas phase; B
Δr32.3 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; B,M
Δr31.7 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1985gas phase; B,M
Δr33.0 ± 3.0kcal/molIMREMcMahon and Northcott, 1978gas phase; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr26.7cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; M
Δr24.cal/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1985gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder(F-)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr24.3 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; B
Δr24.5 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1985gas phase; B,M
Δr11.6kcal/molFASpears and Ferguson, 1973gas phase; DG>; M

(Fluorine anion • Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Fluorine anion • 2Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (F- • CO2) + CO2 = (F- • 2CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr7.3 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr18.2cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1.9 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; B

(Fluorine anion • 2Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Fluorine anion • 3Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (F- • 2CO2) + CO2 = (F- • 3CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr7.2 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr22.6cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr0.5 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; B

(Fluorine anion • 3Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Fluorine anion • 4Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (F- • 3CO2) + CO2 = (F- • 4CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr5.8 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr20.3cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-0.2 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; B

(Fluorine anion • 4Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Fluorine anion • 5Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (F- • 4CO2) + CO2 = (F- • 5CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr5.6 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr22.3cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-1.0 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; B

(Fluorine anion • 5Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Fluorine anion • 6Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (F- • 5CO2) + CO2 = (F- • 6CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr5.3 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr22.5cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-1.4 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; B

(Fluorine anion • 6Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Fluorine anion • 7Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (F- • 6CO2) + CO2 = (F- • 7CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr3.9kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr18.cal/mol*KN/AHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Iron ion (1+) + Carbon dioxide = (Iron ion (1+) • Carbon dioxide)

By formula: Fe+ + CO2 = (Fe+ • CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr14.3 ± 1.0kcal/molCIDTRodgers and Armentrout, 2000RCD

HO- + Carbon dioxide = (HO- • Carbon dioxide)

By formula: HO- + CO2 = (HO- • CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr50.9 ± 2.5kcal/molCIDTSquires, 1992gas phase; Dissociative protonation threshold at nPrSH, 9 kcal> calc. CIDC(HOCO2-..HSH) = 7:1 HOCO2-; B
Δr87.60kcal/molEndoHierl and Paulson, 1984gas phase; Implies ΔHacid = 291.4, anion appears too stable - JEB; B

Hydroxyl anion + Carbon dioxide = (Hydroxyl anion • Carbon dioxide)

By formula: HO- + CO2 = (HO- • CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr88.kcal/molCIDHierl and Paulson, 1984gas phase; M

Hydronium cation + Carbon dioxide = (Hydronium cation • Carbon dioxide)

By formula: H3O+ + CO2 = (H3O+ • CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr14.3kcal/molPHPMSSzulejko and McMahon, 1992gas phase; M
Δr15.3kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase; M
Δr14.4kcal/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1977gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr21.2cal/mol*KPHPMSSzulejko and McMahon, 1992gas phase; M
Δr24.6cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase; M
Δr20.7cal/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1977gas phase; M

(Hydronium cation • Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Hydronium cation • 2Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (H3O+ • CO2) + CO2 = (H3O+ • 2CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr12.4kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr26.5cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase; M

(Hydronium cation • 2Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Hydronium cation • 3Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (H3O+ • 2CO2) + CO2 = (H3O+ • 3CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr10.5kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr26.9cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase; M

NH4+ + Carbon dioxide = (NH4+ • Carbon dioxide)

By formula: H4N+ + CO2 = (H4N+ • CO2)

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
2.3296.FASpears and Fehsenfeld, 1972gas phase; M

(NH4+ • 2Water) + Carbon dioxide = (NH4+ • Carbon dioxide • 2Water)

By formula: (H4N+ • 2H2O) + CO2 = (H4N+ • CO2 • 2H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1.3kcal/molHPMSBanic and Iribarne, 1985gas phase; electric fields; M

Iodide + Carbon dioxide = (Iodide • Carbon dioxide)

By formula: I- + CO2 = (I- • CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr3.7 ± 1.8kcal/molN/APiani, Becucci, et al., 2008gas phase; Stated electron affinity is the Vertical Detachment Energy; B
Δr4.0 ± 2.0kcal/molPDisArnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B
Δr4.7 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; B,M
Δr3.20kcal/molN/AGomez, Taylor, et al., 2002gas phase; EA=Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity is stepwise difference in EAs.; B
Δr5.60 ± 0.10kcal/molTDAsKeesee, Lee, et al., 1980gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr13.4cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; M
Δr18.2cal/mol*KHPMSKeesee, Lee, et al., 1980gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr0.7 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; B
Δr0.80 ± 0.10kcal/molTDAsBanic and Iribarne, 1985gas phase; B,M
Δr0.40 ± 0.10kcal/molTDAsKeesee, Lee, et al., 1980gas phase; B

(Iodide • Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Iodide • 2Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (I- • CO2) + CO2 = (I- • 2CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr3.6 ± 2.0kcal/molPDisArnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B
Δr4.7 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; B,M
Δr2.60kcal/molN/AGomez, Taylor, et al., 2002gas phase; EA=Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity is stepwise difference in EAs.; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr17.3cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr0.7 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; B

(Iodide • 2Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Iodide • 3Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (I- • 2CO2) + CO2 = (I- • 3CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr2.20kcal/molN/AGomez, Taylor, et al., 2002gas phase; EA=Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity is stepwise difference in EAs.; B
Δr3.7 ± 2.0kcal/molPDisArnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B
Δr4.6 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr18.4cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-0.6 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; B

(Iodide • 3Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Iodide • 4Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (I- • 3CO2) + CO2 = (I- • 4CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1.80kcal/molN/AGomez, Taylor, et al., 2002gas phase; EA=Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity is stepwise difference in EAs.; B
Δr3.6 ± 2.0kcal/molPDisArnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B
Δr4.5 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-1.0 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; B

(Iodide • 4Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Iodide • 5Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (I- • 4CO2) + CO2 = (I- • 5CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1.70kcal/molN/AGomez, Taylor, et al., 2002gas phase; EA=Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity is stepwise difference in EAs.; B
Δr3.1 ± 2.0kcal/molPDisArnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B
Δr4.3 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr19.0cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-1.4 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; B

(Iodide • 5Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Iodide • 6Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (I- • 5CO2) + CO2 = (I- • 6CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr3.0 ± 2.0kcal/molPDisArnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B
Δr1.80kcal/molN/AGomez, Taylor, et al., 2002gas phase; EA=Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity is stepwise difference in EAs.; B
Δr4.2kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr19.cal/mol*KN/AHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Iodide • 6Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Iodide • 7Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (I- • 6CO2) + CO2 = (I- • 7CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr3.3 ± 2.0kcal/molPDisArnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B
Δr1.90kcal/molN/AGomez, Taylor, et al., 2002gas phase; EA=Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity is stepwise difference in EAs.; B

(Iodide • 7Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Iodide • 8Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (I- • 7CO2) + CO2 = (I- • 8CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr3.1 ± 2.0kcal/molPDisArnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B
Δr1.90kcal/molN/AGomez, Taylor, et al., 2002gas phase; EA=Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity is stepwise difference in EAs.; B

(Iodide • 8Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Iodide • 9Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (I- • 8CO2) + CO2 = (I- • 9CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr2.8 ± 2.0kcal/molPDisArnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B

(Iodide • 9Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Iodide • 10Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (I- • 9CO2) + CO2 = (I- • 10CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr0.9 ± 2.0kcal/molPDisArnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B

(Iodide • 10Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Iodide • 11Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (I- • 10CO2) + CO2 = (I- • 11CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1.0 ± 2.0kcal/molPDisArnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B

(Iodide • 11Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Iodide • 12Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (I- • 11CO2) + CO2 = (I- • 12CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1.6 ± 2.0kcal/molPDisArnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B

(Iodide • 12Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Iodide • 13Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (I- • 12CO2) + CO2 = (I- • 13CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1.1 ± 2.0kcal/molPDisArnold, Bradforth, et al., 1995, 2gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Affinity: difference between successive EAs in (Y); B

Potassium ion (1+) + Carbon dioxide = (Potassium ion (1+) • Carbon dioxide)

By formula: K+ + CO2 = (K+ • CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr8.5kcal/molHPMSCastleman and Keesee, 1981gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr15.2cal/mol*KHPMSCastleman and Keesee, 1981gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
3.7310.DTKeller and Beyer, 1971gas phase; low E/N; M

Kr+ + Carbon dioxide = (Kr+ • Carbon dioxide)

By formula: Kr+ + CO2 = (Kr+ • CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr18.9 ± 0.7kcal/molSIFTPraxmarer, Jordan, et al., 1993gas phase; switching reaction(Kr+)Kr; Wadt, 1978, Radzig and Smirnov, 1985; M

Magnesium ion (1+) + Carbon dioxide = (Magnesium ion (1+) • Carbon dioxide)

By formula: Mg+ + CO2 = (Mg+ • CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr13.8 ± 1.4kcal/molCIDTAndersen, Muntean, et al., 2000RCD

(Magnesium ion (1+) • Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Magnesium ion (1+) • 2Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (Mg+ • CO2) + CO2 = (Mg+ • 2CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr11.5 ± 0.7kcal/molCIDTAndersen, Muntean, et al., 2000RCD

(Magnesium ion (1+) • 2Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Magnesium ion (1+) • 3Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (Mg+ • 2CO2) + CO2 = (Mg+ • 3CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr10.6 ± 1.4kcal/molCIDTAndersen, Muntean, et al., 2000RCD

Nitric oxide anion + Carbon dioxide = (Nitric oxide anion • Carbon dioxide)

By formula: NO- + CO2 = (NO- • CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr8.5 ± 0.3kcal/molDTIllies, 1988gas phase; ΔrH(0 K)=8.60 kcal/mol; M
Δr7.7 ± 0.4kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka and Yamabe, 1991gas phase; M
Δr13.8kcal/molFADunkin, Fehsenfeld, et al., 1971gas phase; switching reaction(NO+)NO, ΔrH<; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr18.0cal/mol*KDTIllies, 1988gas phase; ΔrH(0 K)=8.60 kcal/mol; M
Δr13.7cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Yamabe, 1991gas phase; M

(Nitric oxide anion • Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Nitric oxide anion • 2Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (NO- • CO2) + CO2 = (NO- • 2CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr7.4 ± 0.4kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka and Yamabe, 1991gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr17.1cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Yamabe, 1991gas phase; M

(Nitric oxide anion • 2Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Nitric oxide anion • 3Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (NO- • 2CO2) + CO2 = (NO- • 3CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr7.2 ± 0.4kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka and Yamabe, 1991gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr22.8cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Yamabe, 1991gas phase; M

(Nitric oxide anion • 3Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Nitric oxide anion • 4Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (NO- • 3CO2) + CO2 = (NO- • 4CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr5.7 ± 0.3kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka and Yamabe, 1991gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr23.4cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Yamabe, 1991gas phase; M

(Nitric oxide anion • 4Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Nitric oxide anion • 5Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (NO- • 4CO2) + CO2 = (NO- • 5CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr5.2 ± 0.3kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka and Yamabe, 1991gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr26.9cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Yamabe, 1991gas phase; M

(Nitric oxide anion • 5Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Nitric oxide anion • 6Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (NO- • 5CO2) + CO2 = (NO- • 6CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr5.0kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka and Yamabe, 1991gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr28.cal/mol*KN/AHiraoka and Yamabe, 1991gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Nitrogen oxide anion + Carbon dioxide = (Nitrogen oxide anion • Carbon dioxide)

By formula: NO2- + CO2 = (NO2- • CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr7.30 ± 0.20kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; B,M
Δr9.30 ± 0.10kcal/molTDAsKeesee, Lee, et al., 1980gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr17.2cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; M
Δr24.2cal/mol*KHPMSKeesee, Lee, et al., 1980gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr2.1 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; B
Δr2.00 ± 0.20kcal/molTDAsKeesee, Lee, et al., 1980gas phase; B

(Nitrogen oxide anion • Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Nitrogen oxide anion • 2Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (NO2- • CO2) + CO2 = (NO2- • 2CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr6.7 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr19.0cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1.0 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; B

(Nitrogen oxide anion • 2Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Nitrogen oxide anion • 3Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (NO2- • 2CO2) + CO2 = (NO2- • 3CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr6.3 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr23.3cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-0.7 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; B

(Nitrogen oxide anion • 3Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Nitrogen oxide anion • 4Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (NO2- • 3CO2) + CO2 = (NO2- • 4CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr6.0 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr25.9cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-1.7 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; B

(Nitrogen oxide anion • 4Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Nitrogen oxide anion • 5Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (NO2- • 4CO2) + CO2 = (NO2- • 5CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr5.2 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr23.3cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-1.8 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; B

(Nitrogen oxide anion • 5Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Nitrogen oxide anion • 6Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (NO2- • 5CO2) + CO2 = (NO2- • 6CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr4.9 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr23.1cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-2.0 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; B

(Nitrogen oxide anion • 6Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Nitrogen oxide anion • 7Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (NO2- • 6CO2) + CO2 = (NO2- • 7CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr4.4 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr21.7cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-2.1 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; B

(Nitrogen oxide anion • 7Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Nitrogen oxide anion • 8Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (NO2- • 7CO2) + CO2 = (NO2- • 8CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr4.2 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr21.7cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-2.3 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; B

NO3 anion + Carbon dioxide = (NO3 anion • Carbon dioxide)

By formula: NO3- + CO2 = (NO3- • CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr2.70 ± 0.10kcal/molTDAsBanic and Iribarne, 1985gas phase; B,M

Sodium ion (1+) + Carbon dioxide = (Sodium ion (1+) • Carbon dioxide)

By formula: Na+ + CO2 = (Na+ • CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr15.9kcal/molHPMSPeterson, Mark, et al., 1984gas phase; M
Δr13.7kcal/molFAPerry, Rowe, et al., 1980gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr20.1cal/mol*KHPMSPeterson, Mark, et al., 1984gas phase; M
Δr19.8cal/mol*KFAPerry, Rowe, et al., 1980gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
6.6310.DTKeller and Beyer, 1971, 2gas phase; low E/N; M

(Sodium ion (1+) • Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Sodium ion (1+) • 2Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (Na+ • CO2) + CO2 = (Na+ • 2CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr11.0kcal/molHPMSPeterson, Mark, et al., 1984gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr21.7cal/mol*KHPMSPeterson, Mark, et al., 1984gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
4.8310.DTKeller and Beyer, 1971, 2gas phase; low E/N; M

(Sodium ion (1+) • 2Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Sodium ion (1+) • 3Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (Na+ • 2CO2) + CO2 = (Na+ • 3CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr9.7kcal/molHPMSPeterson, Mark, et al., 1984gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr24.0cal/mol*KHPMSPeterson, Mark, et al., 1984gas phase; M

(Sodium ion (1+) • 3Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Sodium ion (1+) • 4Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (Na+ • 3CO2) + CO2 = (Na+ • 4CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr8.4kcal/molHPMSPeterson, Mark, et al., 1984gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr25.cal/mol*KN/APeterson, Mark, et al., 1984gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
0.7310.HPMSPeterson, Mark, et al., 1984gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Sodium ion (1+) • Water) + Carbon dioxide = (Sodium ion (1+) • Carbon dioxide • Water)

By formula: (Na+ • H2O) + CO2 = (Na+ • CO2 • H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr12.6kcal/molHPMSPeterson, Mark, et al., 1984gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr22.5cal/mol*KHPMSPeterson, Mark, et al., 1984gas phase; M

(Sodium ion (1+) • 2Water) + Carbon dioxide = (Sodium ion (1+) • Carbon dioxide • 2Water)

By formula: (Na+ • 2H2O) + CO2 = (Na+ • CO2 • 2H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr10.3kcal/molHPMSPeterson, Mark, et al., 1984gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr23.9cal/mol*KHPMSPeterson, Mark, et al., 1984gas phase; M

(Sodium ion (1+) • 3Water) + Carbon dioxide = (Sodium ion (1+) • Carbon dioxide • 3Water)

By formula: (Na+ • 3H2O) + CO2 = (Na+ • CO2 • 3H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr7.2kcal/molHPMSPeterson, Mark, et al., 1984gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr25.cal/mol*KN/APeterson, Mark, et al., 1984gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-0.3kcal/molHPMSPeterson, Mark, et al., 1984gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

O- + Carbon dioxide = (O- • Carbon dioxide)

By formula: O- + CO2 = (O- • CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr48. ± 10.kcal/molAVGN/AAverage of 8 out of 9 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr48.0 ± 5.0kcal/molIMREAdams and Bohme, 1970gas phase; O3- + CO2 <=> CO3- + O2; B

(O- • Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (O- • 2Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (O- • CO2) + CO2 = (O- • 2CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr7.1kcal/molHPMSKeesee, Lee, et al., 1980gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr21.8cal/mol*KHPMSKeesee, Lee, et al., 1980gas phase; M

(O- • Water) + Carbon dioxide = (O- • Carbon dioxide • Water)

By formula: (O- • H2O) + CO2 = (O- • CO2 • H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr36.4kcal/molPDissRoehl, Snodgrass, et al., 1991gas phase; ΔrH>; M

Oxygen cation + Carbon dioxide = (Oxygen cation • Carbon dioxide)

By formula: O2+ + CO2 = (O2+ • CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr9.8 ± 0.9kcal/molAVGN/AAverage of 4 out of 6 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr17.5cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Nakajima, et al., 1988gas phase; M
Δr18.9cal/mol*KDTIllies, 1988gas phase; ΔrH(0 K)=9.80 kcal/mol; M
Δr20.7cal/mol*KN/ADotan, Davidson, et al., 1978gas phase; switching reaction(O2+)O2, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Conway and Janik, 1970; M
Δr20.cal/mol*KN/AMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1977gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, DG>, ΔrH>; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr4.4kcal/molDTRakshit and Warneck, 1981gas phase; M
Δr4.3kcal/molFADotan, Davidson, et al., 1978gas phase; switching reaction(O2+)O2, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Conway and Janik, 1970; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
9.4600.PHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1977gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, DG>, ΔrH>; M

(Oxygen cation • Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Oxygen cation • 2Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (O2+ • CO2) + CO2 = (O2+ • 2CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr8.6 ± 0.5kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, Nakajima, et al., 1988gas phase; M
Δr7.5kcal/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1977gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr18.7cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Nakajima, et al., 1988gas phase; M
Δr15.cal/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1977gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M

(Oxygen cation • 2Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Oxygen cation • 3Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (O2+ • 2CO2) + CO2 = (O2+ • 3CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr6.2 ± 0.3kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, Nakajima, et al., 1988gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr19.8cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Nakajima, et al., 1988gas phase; M

(Oxygen cation • 3Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Oxygen cation • 4Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (O2+ • 3CO2) + CO2 = (O2+ • 4CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr5.1 ± 0.3kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, Nakajima, et al., 1988gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr19.6cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Nakajima, et al., 1988gas phase; M

(Oxygen cation • 4Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Oxygen cation • 5Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (O2+ • 4CO2) + CO2 = (O2+ • 5CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr4.5 ± 0.5kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, Nakajima, et al., 1988gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr20.0cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Nakajima, et al., 1988gas phase; M

(Oxygen cation • 5Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Oxygen cation • 6Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (O2+ • 5CO2) + CO2 = (O2+ • 6CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr4.0kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, Nakajima, et al., 1988gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr20.cal/mol*KN/AHiraoka, Nakajima, et al., 1988gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Oxygen anion + Carbon dioxide = (Oxygen anion • Carbon dioxide)

By formula: O2- + CO2 = (O2- • CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr19.00 ± 0.20kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; B,M
Δr17.7 ± 1.8kcal/molIMREPack and Phelps, 1966gas phase; Corrected with more recent EA(O2) = 0.45 eV; B,M
Δr25.4 ± 4.6kcal/molPDisVestal and Mauclaire, 1977gas phase; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr24.2cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; M
Δr21.cal/mol*KDTPack and Phelps, 1966gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr11.7 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; B
Δr12.2 ± 1.2kcal/molIMREPack and Phelps, 1966gas phase; Corrected with more recent EA(O2) = 0.45 eV; B
Δr10.0kcal/molFAAdams and Bohme, 1970gas phase; switching reaction(O2-)O2; Conway and Nesbit, 1968; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
12.9296.FAFehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974gas phase; switching reaction(O2-)H2O; Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970; M

(Oxygen anion • Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Oxygen anion • 2Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (O2- • CO2) + CO2 = (O2- • 2CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr6.60 ± 0.20kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr18.2cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1.1 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; B

(Oxygen anion • 2Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Oxygen anion • 3Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (O2- • 2CO2) + CO2 = (O2- • 3CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr6.3 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr23.0cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-0.6 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; B

(Oxygen anion • 3Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Oxygen anion • 4Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (O2- • 3CO2) + CO2 = (O2- • 4CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr4.8 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr18.7cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-0.8 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; B

(Oxygen anion • 4Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Oxygen anion • 5Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (O2- • 4CO2) + CO2 = (O2- • 5CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr4.5 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr18.4cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-1.1 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; B

(Oxygen anion • 5Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Oxygen anion • 6Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (O2- • 5CO2) + CO2 = (O2- • 6CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr4.2 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr19.0cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-1.5 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; B

(Oxygen anion • 6Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Oxygen anion • 7Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (O2- • 6CO2) + CO2 = (O2- • 7CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr4.0 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr19.3cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-1.8 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Yamabe, 1992gas phase; B

(Oxygen anion • Water) + Carbon dioxide = (Oxygen anion • Carbon dioxide • Water)

By formula: (O2- • H2O) + CO2 = (O2- • CO2 • H2O)

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
8.2296.FAFehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974gas phase; switching reaction(O2-)2H2O; Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970; M

O2S+ + Carbon dioxide = (O2S+ • Carbon dioxide)

By formula: O2S+ + CO2 = (O2S+ • CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr9.6 ± 0.2kcal/molDTIllies, 1988gas phase; ΔrH(0 K)=10.2 kcal/mol; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr16.5cal/mol*KDTIllies, 1988gas phase; ΔrH(0 K)=10.2 kcal/mol; M

O3S- + Carbon dioxide = (O3S- • Carbon dioxide)

By formula: O3S- + CO2 = (O3S- • CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr6.50 ± 0.20kcal/molTDAsKeesee, Lee, et al., 1980gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr20.7cal/mol*KHPMSKeesee, Lee, et al., 1980gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr0.30 ± 0.20kcal/molTDAsKeesee, Lee, et al., 1980gas phase; B

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

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Natalis, 1973
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McCulloh, 1973
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Frost, Lee, et al., 1973
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Brundle and Turner, 1969
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Eland and Danby, 1968
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Spohr and Puttkamer, 1967
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Carette, 1967
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Nakata, Watanabe, et al., 1965
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Tanaka, Jursa, et al., 1960
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Benoit and Harrison, 1977
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Schweig and Thiel, 1974
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Potts and Williams, 1974
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Crowe and McConkey, 1974
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Samson and Gardner, 1973
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Headley, Mason, et al., 1982
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Linn and Ng, 1981
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Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1992
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Keesee, Lee, et al., 1980
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McKnight and Sawina, 1972
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McMahon and Northcott, 1978
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Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970
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Spears and Ferguson, 1973
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Squires, 1992
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Castleman and Keesee, 1981
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Keller and Beyer, 1971
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Praxmarer, Jordan, et al., 1993
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Wadt, 1978
Wadt, W.R., The Electronic States of Ar2+, Kr2+, Xe2+. I. Potential Curves with and without Spin-Orbit Coupling, J. Chem. Phys., 1978, 68, 2, 402, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.435773 . [all data]

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Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1991
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Dunkin, Fehsenfeld, et al., 1971
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Keller and Beyer, 1971, 2
Keller, G.E.; Beyer, R.A., CO2 and O2 Clustering to Sodium Ions, J. Geophys. Res., 1971, 74, 1, 289, https://doi.org/10.1029/JA076i001p00289 . [all data]

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Vestal and Mauclaire, 1977
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Notes

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