Butanal

Data at NIST subscription sites:

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.


Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas-211.8 ± 0.92kJ/molCmWiberg, Crocker, et al., 1991ALS
Δfgas-204.4 ± 1.4kJ/molChydBuckley and Cox, 1967ALS
Δfgas-206.7kJ/molN/ANicholson, 1960Value computed using ΔfHliquid° value of -240.3 kj/mol from Nicholson, 1960 and ΔvapH° value of 33.6 kj/mol from Wiberg, Crocker, et al., 1991.; DRB
Δfgas-205.1kJ/molN/ATjebbes, 1960Value computed using ΔfHliquid° value of -238.7±0.7 kj/mol from Tjebbes, 1960 and ΔvapH° value of 33.6 kj/mol from Wiberg, Crocker, et al., 1991.; DRB
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
gas344.8 ± 4.2J/mol*KN/AChermin, 1961This value calculated from calorimetric data is close to value of 345.5(2.3) J/mol*K obtained from equilibrium measurements [ Buckley E., 1967].; GT

Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

C4H7O- + Hydrogen cation = Butanal

By formula: C4H7O- + H+ = C4H8O

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1526. ± 8.8kJ/molD-EAAlconcel, Deyerl, et al., 2001gas phase; B
Δr1523. ± 9.6kJ/molD-EAZimmerman, Reed, et al., 1977gas phase; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1499. ± 9.6kJ/molH-TSAlconcel, Deyerl, et al., 2001gas phase; B
Δr1496. ± 10.kJ/molH-TSZimmerman, Reed, et al., 1977gas phase; B

Nitric oxide anion + Butanal = (Nitric oxide anion • Butanal)

By formula: NO- + C4H8O = (NO- • C4H8O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr164.kJ/molICRReents and Freiser, 1981gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder(NO+)C2H5OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Farid and McMahon, 1978; M

Butane, 1,1-dimethoxy + Water = Butanal + 2Methyl Alcohol

By formula: C6H14O2 + H2O = C4H8O + 2CH4O

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr36.2 ± 0.1kJ/molCmWiberg, Morgan, et al., 1994liquid phase; ALS
Δr36.53 ± 0.096kJ/molEqkWiberg and Squires, 1981liquid phase; ALS

Hydrogen + 2-Butenal = Butanal

By formula: H2 + C4H6O = C4H8O

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-104.2 ± 0.42kJ/molChydDolliver, Gresham, et al., 1938gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -105.3 ± 0.4 kJ/mol; At 355°K; ALS

(CAS Reg. No. 26232-84-8 • 4294967295Butanal) + Butanal = CAS Reg. No. 26232-84-8

By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 26232-84-8 • 4294967295C4H8O) + C4H8O = CAS Reg. No. 26232-84-8

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr175. ± 9.2kJ/molN/ABartmess, Scott, et al., 1979gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B

Butanal + Hydrogen = 1-Butanol

By formula: C4H8O + H2 = C4H10O

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-81.88 ± 0.75kJ/molCmWiberg, Crocker, et al., 1991liquid phase; ALS
Δr-70.5 ± 1.3kJ/molChydBuckley and Cox, 1967gas phase; ALS

Magnesium ion (1+) + Butanal = (Magnesium ion (1+) • Butanal)

By formula: Mg+ + C4H8O = (Mg+ • C4H8O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr280. ± 20.kJ/molICROperti, Tews, et al., 1988gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder(Mg+)CH3OH; M

Butanal + 2Methyl Alcohol = Butane, 1,1-dimethoxy + Water

By formula: C4H8O + 2CH4O = C6H14O2 + H2O

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-59. ± 1.kJ/molCmWiberg, Morgan, et al., 1994gas phase; ALS

3Butanal = 1,3,5-Trioxane, 2,4,6-tripropyl-

By formula: 3C4H8O = C12H24O3

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-29.45kJ/molEqkOgorodnikov, Katsnel'son, et al., 1990liquid phase; PMR; ALS

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C4H8O+ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
IE (evaluated)9.82 ± 0.04eVN/AN/AL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Proton affinity (review)792.7kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Gas basicity760.8kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL

Electron affinity determinations

EA (eV) Method Reference Comment
0.000694EFDDesfrancois, Abdoul-Carime, et al., 1994EA: 0.7 meV. Dipole-bound state.; B

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
9.83PITraeger and McAdoo, 1986LBLHLM
9.8EIMcAdoo and Hudson, 1983LBLHLM
9.73 ± 0.015EIEl-Sherbini, Allam, et al., 1981LLK
9.836 ± 0.005PEHernandez, Masclet, et al., 1977LLK
9.73 ± 0.03PECocksey, Eland, et al., 1971LLK
9.86 ± 0.02PIWatanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962RDSH
9.85PEBenoit and Harrison, 1977Vertical value; LLK
9.83PEKimura, Katsumata, et al., 1975Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
C2H3O+10.19C2H5PITraeger and McAdoo, 1986LBLHLM
C2H4O+10.52C2H4EIHolmes, Terlouw, et al., 1976LLK
C3H5O+10.22?EIMouvier and Hernandez, 1975LLK

De-protonation reactions

C4H7O- + Hydrogen cation = Butanal

By formula: C4H7O- + H+ = C4H8O

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1526. ± 8.8kJ/molD-EAAlconcel, Deyerl, et al., 2001gas phase; B
Δr1523. ± 9.6kJ/molD-EAZimmerman, Reed, et al., 1977gas phase; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1499. ± 9.6kJ/molH-TSAlconcel, Deyerl, et al., 2001gas phase; B
Δr1496. ± 10.kJ/molH-TSZimmerman, Reed, et al., 1977gas phase; B

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, UV/Visible spectrum, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

Notice: This spectrum may be better viewed with a Javascript and HTML 5 enabled browser.

Mass spectrum
For Zoom
1.) Enter the desired X axis range (e.g., 100, 200)
2.) Check here for automatic Y scaling
3.) Press here to zoom

Additional Data

View image of digitized spectrum (can be printed in landscape orientation).

Due to licensing restrictions, this spectrum cannot be downloaded.

Owner NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
NIST MS number 19131

All mass spectra in this site (plus many more) are available from the NIST/EPA/NIH Mass Spectral Library. Please see the following for information about the library and its accompanying search program.


UV/Visible spectrum

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Victor Talrose, Alexander N. Yermakov, Alexy A. Usov, Antonina A. Goncharova, Axlexander N. Leskin, Natalia A. Messineva, Natalia V. Trusova, Margarita V. Efimkina

Spectrum

Notice: This spectrum may be better viewed with a Javascript and HTML 5 enabled browser.

UVVis spectrum
For Zoom
1.) Enter the desired X axis range (e.g., 100, 200)
2.) Check here for automatic Y scaling
3.) Press here to zoom

Additional Data

View image of digitized spectrum (can be printed in landscape orientation).

View spectrum image in SVG format.

Download spectrum in JCAMP-DX format.

Source Fihtengolts, et al., 1969
Owner INEP CP RAS, NIST OSRD
Collection (C) 2007 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin INSTITUTE OF ENERGY PROBLEMS OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS, RAS
Source reference RAS UV No. 20173
Instrument SF-4
Boiling point 75

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Wiberg, Crocker, et al., 1991
Wiberg, K.B.; Crocker, L.S.; Morgan, K.M., Thermochemical studies of carbonyl compounds. 5. Enthalpies of reduction of carbonyl groups, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 3447-3450. [all data]

Buckley and Cox, 1967
Buckley, E.; Cox, J.D., Chemical equilibria. Part 2.-Dehydrogenation of propanol and butanol, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1967, 63, 895-901. [all data]

Nicholson, 1960
Nicholson, G.R., 478. The heats of combustion of butanal and heptanal, J. Chem. Soc., 1960, 2377-2378. [all data]

Tjebbes, 1960
Tjebbes, J., Heats of combustion of butannal and some related compounds, Acta Chem. Scand., 1960, 14, 180-188. [all data]

Chermin, 1961
Chermin, H.A.G., Thermo data for petrochemicals. Part 27: Gaseous normal aldehydes. The important thermo properties are presented for all the gaseous normal aldehydes from formaldehyde through decaldehyde, Pet. Refin., 1961, 40, 181-184. [all data]

Buckley E., 1967
Buckley E., Chemical equilibria. Part 2. Dehydrogenation of propanol and butanol, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1967, 63, 895-901. [all data]

Alconcel, Deyerl, et al., 2001
Alconcel, L.S.; Deyerl, H.J.; Continetti, R.E., Effects of alkyl substitution on the energetics of enolate anions and radicals, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2001, 123, 50, 12675-12681, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0120431 . [all data]

Zimmerman, Reed, et al., 1977
Zimmerman, A.H.; Reed, K.J.; Brauman, J.I., Photodetachment of electrons from enolate anions. Gas phase electron affinities of enolate radicals, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1977, 99, 7203. [all data]

Reents and Freiser, 1981
Reents, W.D.; Freiser, B.S., Gas-Phase Binding Energies and Spectroscopic Properties of NO+ Charge-Transfer Complexes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1981, 103, 2791. [all data]

Farid and McMahon, 1978
Farid, R.; McMahon, T.B., Gas-Phase Ion-Molecule Reactions of Alkyl Nitrites by Ion Cyclotron Resonance Spectroscopy, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1978, 27, 2, 163, https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7381(78)80037-0 . [all data]

Wiberg, Morgan, et al., 1994
Wiberg, K.B.; Morgan, K.M.; Maltz, H., Thermochemistry of carbonyl reactions. 6. A study of hydration equilibria, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1994, 116, 11067-11077. [all data]

Wiberg and Squires, 1981
Wiberg, K.B.; Squires, R.R., Thermochemical studies of carbonyl reactions. 2. Steric effects in acetal and ketal hydrolysis, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1981, 103, 4473-4478. [all data]

Dolliver, Gresham, et al., 1938
Dolliver, M.A.; Gresham, T.L.; Kistiakowsky, G.B.; Smith, E.A.; Vaughan, W.E., Heats of organic reactions. VI. Heats of hydrogenation of some oxygen-containing compounds, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1938, 60, 440-450. [all data]

Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]

Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979
Bartmess, J.E.; Scott, J.A.; McIver, R.T., Jr., The gas phase acidity scale from methanol to phenol, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 6047. [all data]

Operti, Tews, et al., 1988
Operti, L.; Tews, E.C.; Freiser, B.S., Determination of Gas-Phase Ligand Binding Energies to Mg+ by FTMS Techniques, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1988, 110, 12, 3847, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00220a020 . [all data]

Ogorodnikov, Katsnel'son, et al., 1990
Ogorodnikov, A.L.; Katsnel'son, M.G.; Pinson, V.V.; Levin, Yu.V., Study of thermodynamic characteristics of a butyraldehyde-cyclic trimer system, Zh. Prikl. Khim. (Leningrad), 1990, 63, 1340-1343. [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Desfrancois, Abdoul-Carime, et al., 1994
Desfrancois, C.; Abdoul-Carime, H.; Khelifa, N.; Schermann, J.P., Fork 1/r to 1/r2 Potentials: Electron Exchange between Rydberg Atoms and Polar Molecules, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1994, 73, 18, 2436, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.2436 . [all data]

Traeger and McAdoo, 1986
Traeger, J.C.; McAdoo, D.J., Decomposition thresholds and associated translational energy releases for eight C4H8O+ isomers, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 1986, 68, 35. [all data]

McAdoo and Hudson, 1983
McAdoo, D.J.; Hudson, C.E., The decompositions of metastable [C4H8O]+ ions and the [C4H8O]+ potential surface, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1983, 18, 466. [all data]

El-Sherbini, Allam, et al., 1981
El-Sherbini, T.M.; Allam, S.H.; Migahed, M.D.; Dawoud, A.M., Mass spectrometric investigation of aliphatic aldehydes, Z. Naturforsch. A:, 1981, 36, 1334. [all data]

Hernandez, Masclet, et al., 1977
Hernandez, R.; Masclet, P.; Mouvier, G., Spectroscopie de photoelectrons d'aldehydes et de cetones aliphatiques, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1977, 10, 333. [all data]

Cocksey, Eland, et al., 1971
Cocksey, B.J.; Eland, J.H.D.; Danby, C.J., The effect of alkyl substitution on ionisation potential, J. Chem. Soc., 1971, (B), 790. [all data]

Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962
Watanabe, K.; Nakayama, T.; Mottl, J., Ionization potentials of some molecules, J. Quant. Spectry. Radiative Transfer, 1962, 2, 369. [all data]

Benoit and Harrison, 1977
Benoit, F.M.; Harrison, A.G., Predictive value of proton affinity. Ionization energy correlations involving oxygenated molecules, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1977, 99, 3980. [all data]

Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1975
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Yamazaki, T.; Wakabayashi, H., UV photoelectron spectra and sum rule consideration; out-of-plane orbitals of unsaturated compounds with planar-skeleton structure, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1975, 6, 41. [all data]

Holmes, Terlouw, et al., 1976
Holmes, J.L.; Terlouw, J.K.; Lossing, F.P., The thermochemistry of C2H4O+ ions, J. Phys. Chem., 1976, 80, 2860. [all data]

Mouvier and Hernandez, 1975
Mouvier, G.; Hernandez, R., Ionisation and appearance potentials of alkylketones, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1975, 10, 958. [all data]

Fihtengolts, et al., 1969
Fihtengolts, V.S., et al., Atlas of UV Absorption Spectra of Substances Used in Synthetic Rubber Manufacture, 1969, 173. [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, References