Succinimide

• Formula: C₄H₅NO₂
• Molecular weight: 99.0880
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C4H5NO2/c6-3-1-2-4(7)5-3/h1-2H2,(H,5,6,7) Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 123-56-8
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Other names: 2,5-Pyrrolidinedione; Butanimide; Succinic acid imide; Succinic imide; 2,5-Diketopyrrolidine; 2,5-Dioxopyrrolidine; Succinimide-Sauba; 3,4-Dihydropyrrole-2,5-dione; Dihydro-3-pyrroline-2,5-dione; Lubrizol 6406; NSC 11204
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• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • Gas Chromatography
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • UV/Visible spectrum
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Enthalpy of vaporization

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (atm)
    T = temperature (K)

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Enthalpy of sublimation

Enthalpy of fusion

Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

C₄H₄NO₂^- +  =

By formula: C₄H₄NO₂^- + H⁺ = C₄H₅NO₂

 + 0.5 =  +  + 0.5

By formula: C₄H₄BrNO₂ + 0.5H₄N₂ = HBr + C₄H₅NO₂ + 0.5N₂

 + 0.5 =  +  + 0.5

By formula: C₄H₄ClNO₂ + 0.5H₄N₂ = C₄H₅NO₂ + HCl + 0.5N₂

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi

Ionization energy determinations

De-protonation reactions

C₄H₄NO₂^- +  =

By formula: C₄H₄NO₂^- + H⁺ = C₄H₅NO₂

IR Spectrum

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Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

• Not specified, most likely a prism, grating, or hybrid spectrometer.; (NO SPECTRUM, ONLY SCANNED IMAGE IS AVAILABLE)

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

• gas; HP-GC/MS/IRD

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Additional Data

Gas Chromatography

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Yan and Pilcher, 1990
Yan, Y.M.; Pilcher, G., Enthalpies of combustion of succinic anhydride, glutaric anhydride, and glutarimide, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1990, 22, 893-898. [all data]

Steele, Chirico, et al., 1989
Steele, W.V.; Chirico, R.D.; Nguyen, A.; Hossenlopp, I.A.; Smith, N.K., Determination of some pure compound ideal-gas enthalpies of formation, AIChE Symp. Ser., 1989, 85, 140-162. [all data]

Aldrich Chemical Company Inc., 1990
Aldrich Chemical Company Inc., Catalog Handbook of Fine Chemicals, Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc., Milwaukee WI, 1990, 1. [all data]

Sorum and Durand, 1952
Sorum, C.H.; Durand, E.A., The Melting of Binary Eutectics, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1952, 74, 1071. [all data]

Cowley and Partington, 1936
Cowley, E.G.; Partington, J.R., Studies in dielectric polarisation. Part XV. The dipole moments of fivemembered nitrogen ring compounds: indole,skatole,carbazole,isatin, phthalimide, and succinimide., J. Chem. Soc., 1936, 1936, 47. [all data]

Meng-Yan and Pilcher, 1990
Meng-Yan, Yang; Pilcher, G., Enthalpies of combustion of succinic anhydride, glutaric anhydride, and glutarimide, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 1990, 22, 9, 893-898, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(90)90177-R . [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R., Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022 . [all data]

Domalski and Hearing, 1996
Domalski, Eugene S.; Hearing, Elizabeth D., Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase. Volume III, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1996, 25, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555985 . [all data]

Cumming and Kebarle, 1978
Cumming, J.B.; Kebarle, P., Summary of gas phase measurements involving acids AH. Entropy changes in proton transfer reactions involving negative ions. Bond dissociation energies D(A-H) and electron affinities EA(A), Can. J. Chem., 1978, 56, 1. [all data]

Cooper and Compton, 1973
Cooper, C.D.; Compton, R.N., Electron attachment and cesium collisional ionization studies of tetrafluorosuccinic and hexafluoroglutaric anhydrides: Molecular electron affinities, J. Chem. Phys., 1973, 59, 3550. [all data]

Howard and Skinner, 1966
Howard, P.B.; Skinner, H.A., Thermochemistry of some reactions of aqueous hydrazine with halogens, hydrogen halides and N-halogenosuccinimides, J. Chem. Soc. A, 1966, 1536-1540. [all data]

Pedley, Naylor, et al., 1986
Pedley, J.B.; Naylor, R.D.; Kirby, S.P., Thermochemical Data of Organic Compounds, Chapman and Hall, New York, 1986, 1-792. [all data]

Worley, Gerson, et al., 1978
Worley, S.D.; Gerson, S.H.; Bodor, N.; Kaminski, J.J.; Flechtner, T.W., On the structure of N-chlorosuccinimide and N-bromosuccinimide. A photoelectron spectroscopic study, J. Chem. Phys., 1978, 68, 1313. [all data]

Gerson, Worley, et al., 1978
Gerson, S.H.; Worley, S.D.; Bodor, N.; Kaminski, J.J.; Flechtner, T.W., The photoelectron spectra of some heterocyclic compounds which contain N, O, Cl, and Br, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1978, 13, 421. [all data]

Prososki, Etzel, et al., 2007
Prososki, R.A.; Etzel, M.R.; Rankin, S.A., Solvent type affects the number, distribution, and relative quantities of volatile compounds found in sweet whey powder, J. Dairy Sci., 2007, 90, 2, 523-531, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(07)71535-7 . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  Tboil	Boiling point
  Tfus	Fusion (melting) point
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔfusH	Enthalpy of fusion
  ΔrG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔsubH	Enthalpy of sublimation
  ΔsubH°	Enthalpy of sublimation at standard conditions
  ΔvapH	Enthalpy of vaporization

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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