Butanoic acid, 2-methyl-

• Formula: C₅H₁₀O₂
• Molecular weight: 102.1317
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C5H10O2/c1-3-4(2)5(6)7/h4H,3H2,1-2H3,(H,6,7) Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: WLAMNBDJUVNPJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 116-53-0
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Species with the same structure:
  • Butanoic acid, 2-methyl-
• Stereoisomers:
  • Butanoic acid, 2-methyl-, (2S)-
• Other names: Butyric acid, 2-methyl-; α-Methylbutyric acid; Active valeric acid; Ethylmethylacetic acid; Methylethylacetic acid; 2-Methylbutanoic acid; 2-Methylbutyric acid; 2-Methybutyric acid; (.+/-.)-2-Methylbutanoic acid; DL-2-Methylbutyric acid; NSC 7304; 600-07-7
• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Gas Chromatography
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
• Options:
  • Switch to SI units

Data at NIST subscription sites:

• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, professional edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.

Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Donald R. Burgess, Jr.

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi

Appearance energy determinations

IR Spectrum

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Gas Phase Spectrum

Notice: This spectrum may be better viewed with a Javascript and HTML 5 enabled browser.

For Zoom

1.) Enter the desired X axis range (e.g., 100, 200)

2.) Check here for automatic Y scaling

3.) Press here to zoom

Notice: Concentration information is not available for this spectrum and, therefore, molar absorptivity values cannot be derived.

Additional Data

Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Kovats' RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Hancock, Watson, et al., 1954
Hancock, C.K.; Watson, G.M.; Gilby, R.F., Heats of combustion of five-carbon fatty acids and their methyl and ethyl esters, J. Phys. Chem., 1954, 58, 127-129. [all data]

Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]

Holmes and Lossing, 1980
Holmes, J.L.; Lossing, F.P., Gas-phase heats of formation of keto and enol ions of carbonyl compounds., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1980, 102, 1591. [all data]

Alissandrakis E., Tarantilis P.A., et al., 2007
Alissandrakis E.; Tarantilis P.A.; Harizanis P.C.; Polissiou M., Comparison of the volatile composition in thyme honeys from several origins in Greece, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 20, 8152-8157, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf071442y . [all data]

Garruti, Franco, et al., 2001
Garruti, D.S.; Franco, M.R.B.; da Silva, M.A.A.A.P.; Janzantti, N.S.; Alves, G.L., Compostos voláteis do sabor de pseudofrutos de cajueiro anão precoce (Anacardium occidentale L.) CCP-76, Boletim de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento 4, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Fortaleza, Brazil, 2001, 29, retrieved from http://www.cnpat.embrapa.br/publica/pub/BolPesq/pd₄.pdf. [all data]

Engel and Ratel, 2007
Engel, E.; Ratel, J., Correction of the data generated by mass spectrometry analyses of biological tissues: Application to food authentication, J. Chromatogr. A, 2007, 1154, 1-2, 331-341, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2007.02.012 . [all data]

Quijano, Salamanca, et al., 2007
Quijano, C.E.; Salamanca, G.; Pino, J.A., Aroma volatile constituents of Colombian varieties of mango (Mangifera indica L.), Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 5, 401-406, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1812 . [all data]

Scheidig, Czerny, et al., 2007
Scheidig, C.; Czerny, M.; Schieberle, P., Changes in Key Odorants of Raw Coffee Beans during Storage under Defined Conditions, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 14, 5768-5775, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf070488o . [all data]

Schlutt B., Moran N., et al., 2007
Schlutt B.; Moran N.; Schieberle P.; Hofmann T., Sensory-directed identification of creaminess-enhancing volatiles and semivolatiles in full-fat cream, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 23, 9634-9645, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0721545 . [all data]

Steinhaus and Schieberle, 2007
Steinhaus, P.; Schieberle, P., Characterization of the key aroma compounds in soy sauce using approaches of molecular sensory science, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 15, 6262-6269, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0709092 . [all data]

Pino, Mesa, et al., 2005
Pino, J.A.; Mesa, J.; Muñoz, Y.; Martí, M.P.; Marbot, R., Volatile components from mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 6, 2213-2223, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0402633 . [all data]

Hierro, de la Hoz, et al., 2004
Hierro, E.; de la Hoz, L.; Ordóñez, J.A., Headspace volatile compounds from salted and occasionally smoked dried meats (cecinas) as affected by animal species, Food Chem., 2004, 85, 4, 649-657, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.07.001 . [all data]

Karagül-Yüceer, Vlahovich, et al., 2003
Karagül-Yüceer, Y.; Vlahovich, K.N.; Drake, M.A.; Cadwallader, K.R., Characteristic aroma components of rennet casein, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 23, 6797-6801, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0345806 . [all data]

Lalel, Singh, et al., 2003
Lalel, H.J.D.; Singh, Z.; Chye Tan, S., Glycosidically-bound aroma volatile compounds in the skin and pulp of 'Kensington Pride' mango fruit at different stages of maturity, Postharvest Biol. Technol., 2003, 29, 2, 205-218, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5214(02)00250-8 . [all data]

Karagül-Yüceer, Cadwallader, et al., 2002
Karagül-Yüceer, Y.; Cadwallader, K.R.; Drake, M.A., Volatile flavor components of stored nonfat dry milk, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 2, 305-312, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010648a . [all data]

Bruna, Hierro, et al., 2001
Bruna, J.M.; Hierro, E.M.; de la Hoz, L.; Mottram, D.S.; Fernández, M.; Ordóñez, J.A., The contribution of Penicillium aurantiogriseum to the volatile composition and sensory quality of dry fermented sausages, Meat Sci., 2001, 59, 1, 97-107, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1740(01)00058-4 . [all data]

Siegmund, Derler, et al., 2001
Siegmund, B.; Derler, K.; Pfannhauser, W., Changes in the aroma of a strawberry drink during storage, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 7, 3244-3252, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010116u . [all data]

Verdier-Metz., Coulon, et al., 1998
Verdier-Metz., I.; Coulon, J.-B.; PPradel, P.; Viallon, C.; Berdague, J.-L., Effect of forage conservation (hay or silage) and cow breed on the coagulation properties of milks and on the characteristics of ripened cheeses, J. Dairy Res., 1998, 65, 1, 9-21, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029997002616 . [all data]

Lee, DeMilo, et al., 1995
Lee, C.-J.; DeMilo, A.B.; Moreno, D.S.; Martinez, A.J., Analysis of the volatile components of a bacterial fermentation that is attractive to the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1995, 43, 5, 1348-1351, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00053a041 . [all data]

Sagrero-Nieves, de Pooter, et al., 1989
Sagrero-Nieves, L.; de Pooter, H.L.; Van Wassenhove, F.A., Major Volatile Constituents from the Fruit of Mammee Apple (Mammea americana L.), J. Food Comp. Anal., 1989, 2, 4, 382-385, https://doi.org/10.1016/0889-1575(89)90010-0 . [all data]

Andriamaharavo, 2014
Andriamaharavo, N.R., Retention Data. NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center., NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, 2014. [all data]

Escudero, Campo, et al., 2007
Escudero, A.; Campo, E.; Fariña, L.; Cacho, J.; Ferreira, V., Analytical Characterization of the Aroma of Five Premium Red Wines. Insights into the Role of Odor Families and the Concept of Fruitiness of Wines, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 11, 4501-4510, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0636418 . [all data]

Campo, Ferreira, et al., 2005
Campo, E.; Ferreira, V.; Escudero, A.; Cacho, J., Prediction of the wine sensory properties related to grape variety from dynamic-headspace gas chromatography-olfactometry data, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 14, 5682-5690, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf047870a . [all data]

Fritsch and Schieberle, 2005
Fritsch, H.T.; Schieberle, P., Identification based on quantitative measurements and aroma recombination of the character impact odorants in a Bavarian Pilsner-type beer, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 19, 7544-7551, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf051167k . [all data]

Wang, Finn, et al., 2005
Wang, Y.; Finn, C.; Qian, M.C., Impact of Growing Environment on Chickasaw Blackberry ( Rubus L.) Aroma Evaluated by Gas Chromatography Olfactometry Dilution Analysis, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 9, 3563-3571, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf048102m . [all data]

Klesk, Qian, et al., 2004
Klesk, K.; Qian, M.; Martin, R.R., Aroma extract dilution analysis of cv. meeker (Rubus idaeus L.) red raspberries from Oregon and Washington, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52, 16, 5155-5161, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0498721 . [all data]

Klesk and Qian, 2003
Klesk, K.; Qian, M., Aroma extract dilution analysis of Cv. Marion (Rubus spp. hyb) and Cv. Evergreen (R. Iaciniatus L.) blackberries, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 11, 3436-3441, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0262209 . [all data]

Place, Imhof, et al., 2003
Place, R.B.; Imhof, M.; Teuber, M.; Olivier Bosset, J., Distribution of the volatile (flavour) compounds in Raclette cheese produced with different staphylococci in the smear, Mitt. Lebensmittelunters. Hyg., 2003, 94, 192-211. [all data]

Jezussek, Juliano, et al., 2002
Jezussek, M.; Juliano, B.O.; Schieberle, P., Comparison of key aroma compounds in cooked brown rice varieties based on aroma extract dilution analysis, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 5, 1101-1105, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0108720 . [all data]

Eri, Khoo, et al., 2000
Eri, S.; Khoo, B.K.; Lech, J.; Hartman, T.G., Direct thermal desorption-gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry profiling of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) essential oils in support of varietal characterization, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2000, 48, 4, 1140-1149, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9911850 . [all data]

Tairu, Hofmann, et al., 2000
Tairu, A.O.; Hofmann, T.; Schieberle, P., Studies on the key odorants formed by roasting of wild mango seeds (Irvingia gabonensis), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2000, 48, 6, 2391-2394, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf990765u . [all data]

Zimmermann and Schieberle, 2000
Zimmermann, M.; Schieberle, P., Important odorants of sweet bell pepper powder (Capsicum annuum cv. annuum): differences between samples of Hungarian and Morrocan origin, Eur. Food Res. Technol., 2000, 211, 3, 175-180, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002170050019 . [all data]

Buettner and Schieberle, 1999
Buettner, A.; Schieberle, P., Characterization of the most odor-active volatiles in fresh, hand squeezed juice of grapefruit (Citrus paradise Macfayden), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1999, 47, 12, 5189-5193, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf990071l . [all data]

Derail, Hofmann, et al., 1999
Derail, C.; Hofmann, T.; Schieberle, P., Differences in key odorants of handmade juice of yellow-flesh peaches (Prunus persica L.) induced by the workup procedure, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1999, 47, 11, 4742-4745, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf990459g . [all data]

Fickert and Schieberle, 1998
Fickert, B.; Schieberle, P., Identification of the key odorants in barley malt (caramalt) using GC/MS techniques and odour dilution analyses, Nahrung, 1998, 42, 6, 371-375, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-3803(199812)42:06<371::AID-FOOD371>3.0.CO;2-V . [all data]

Hinterholzer, Lemos, et al., 1998
Hinterholzer, A.; Lemos, T.; Schieberle, P., Identification of the key odorants in raw French beans and changes during cooking, Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. A, 1998, 207, 3, 219-222, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002170050322 . [all data]

Münch, Hofmann, et al., 1997
Münch, P.; Hofmann, T.; Schieberle, P., Comparison of key odorants generated by thermal treatment of commercial and self-prepared yeast extracts: influence of the amino acid composition on odorant formation, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1997, 45, 4, 1338-1344, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf960658p . [all data]

Lopez-Galilea I., Fournier N., et al., 2006
Lopez-Galilea I.; Fournier N.; Cid C.; Guichard E., Changes in headspace volatile concentrations of coffee brews caused by the roasting process and the brewing procedure, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 22, 8560-8566, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf061178t . [all data]

Pinto, Guedes, et al., 2006
Pinto, A.B.; Guedes, C.M.; Moreira, R.F.A.; de Maria, C.A.B., Volatile constituents from headspace and aqueous solution of genipap (Genipa americana) fruit isolated by the solid-phase extraction method, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 3, 488-491, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1623 . [all data]

Bonvehí, 2005
Bonvehí, J.S., Investigation of aromatic compounds in roasted cocoa powder, Eur. Food Res. Technol., 2005, 221, 1-2, 19-29, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-005-1147-y . [all data]

Fang and Qian, 2005
Fang, Y.; Qian, M., Aroma compounds in Oregon Pinot Noir wine determined by aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA), Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 1, 22-29, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1551 . [all data]

Ledauphin, Saint-Clair, et al., 2004
Ledauphin, J.; Saint-Clair, J.-F.; Lablanquie, O.; Guichard, H.; Founier, N.; Guichard, E.; Barillier, D., Identification of trace volatile compounds in freshly distilled calvados and cognac using preparative separations coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52, 16, 5124-5134, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf040052y . [all data]

Ménager, Jost, et al., 2004
Ménager, I.; Jost, M.; Aubert, C., Changes in physicochemical characteristics and volatile constituents of strawberry (Cv. Cigaline) during maturation, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52, 5, 1248-1254, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0350919 . [all data]

Varming, Petersen, et al., 2004
Varming, C.; Petersen, M.A.; Poll, L., Comparison of isolation methods for the determination of important aroma compounds in black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) juice, using nasal impact frequency profiling, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52, 6, 1647-1652, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf035133t . [all data]

Bonvehi and Coll, 2003
Bonvehi, J.S.; Coll, F.V., Flavour index and aroma profiles of fresh and processed honeys, J. Sci. Food Agric., 2003, 83, 4, 275-282, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1308 . [all data]

Valim, Rouseff, et al., 2003
Valim, M.F.; Rouseff, R.L.; Lin, J., Gas chromatographic-olfactometric characterization of aroma compounds in two types of cashew apple nectar, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 4, 1010-1015, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf025738+ . [all data]

Stephan and Steinhart, 1999
Stephan, A.; Steinhart, H., Identification of character impact odorants of different soybean lecithins, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1999, 47, 7, 2854-2859, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf981387g . [all data]

Shimoda, Peralta, et al., 1996
Shimoda, M.; Peralta, R.R.; Osajima, Y., Headspace gas analysis of fish sauce, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1996, 44, 11, 3601-3605, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf960345u . [all data]

Iwaoka, Hagi, et al., 1994
Iwaoka, W.; Hagi, Y.; Umano, K.; Shibamoto, T., Volatile chemicals identified in fresh and cooked breadfruit, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1994, 42, 4, 975-976, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00040a026 . [all data]

Umano, Hagi, et al., 1992
Umano, K.; Hagi, Y.; Nakahara, K.; Shoji, A.; Shibamoto, T., Volatile constituents of green and ripened pineapple (Aanas comosus [L.] Merr.), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1992, 40, 4, 599-603, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00016a014 . [all data]

Humpf and Schreier, 1991
Humpf, H.-U.; Schreier, P., Bound aroma compounds from the fruit and the leaves of blackberry (Rubus laciniata L.), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1991, 39, 10, 1830-1832, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00010a028 . [all data]

Krammer, Winterhalter, et al., 1991
Krammer, G.; Winterhalter, P.; Schwab, M.; Schreier, P., Glycosidically bound aroma compounds in the fruits of Prunus species: Apricot (P. armeniaca, L.) peach (P. persica, L.) yellow plum (P. domestica, L. ssp. Syriaca), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1991, 39, 4, 778-781, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00004a032 . [all data]

Schwab, Mahr, et al., 1989
Schwab, W.; Mahr, C.; Schreier, P., Studies on the enzymic hydrolysis of bound aroma components from Carica papaya fruit, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1989, 37, 4, 1009-1012, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00088a042 . [all data]

Frauendorfer and Schieberle, 2006
Frauendorfer, F.; Schieberle, P., Identification of the key aroma compounds in Cocoa powder based on molecular sensoly correlations, J. Agr. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 15, 5521-5529, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf060728k . [all data]

Ferrari, Lablanquie, et al., 2004
Ferrari, G.; Lablanquie, O.; Cantagrel, R.; Ledauphin, J.; Payot, T.; Fournier, N.; Guichard, E., Determination of key odorant compounds in freshly distilled cognac using GC-O, GC-MS, and sensory evaluation, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52, 18, 5670-5676, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf049512d . [all data]

Selli, Cabaroglu, et al., 2004
Selli, S.; Cabaroglu, T.; Canbas, A.; Erten, H.; Nurgel, C.; Lepoutre, J.P.; Gunata, Z., Volatile composition of red wine from cv. Kalecik Karasi grown in central Anatolia, Food Chem., 2004, 85, 2, 207-213, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.06.008 . [all data]

Boido, Lloret, et al., 2003
Boido, E.; Lloret, A.; Medina, K.; Fariña, L.; Carrau, f.; Versini, G.; Dellacassa, E., Aroma composition of Vitis vinifera Cv. Tannat: the typical red wine from Uruguay, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 18, 5408-5413, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf030087i . [all data]

Kirchhoff and Schieberle, 2002
Kirchhoff, E.; Schieberle, P., Quantitation of odor-active compounds in rye flour and rye sourdough using stable isotope dilution assays, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 19, 5378-5385, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020236h . [all data]

Kirchhoff and Schieberle, 2001
Kirchhoff, E.; Schieberle, P., Determination of key aroma compounds in the crumb of a three-stage sourdough rye bread by stable isotope dilution assays and sensory studies, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 9, 4304-4311, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010376b . [all data]

Rychlik and Bosset, 2001
Rychlik, M.; Bosset, J.O., Flavour and off-flavour compoundsof SwissGruy ere cheese. Evaluation of potent odorants, Int. Dairy J., 2001, 11, 11-12, 895-901, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-6946(01)00108-X . [all data]

Jagella and Grosch, 1999
Jagella, T.; Grosch, W., Flavour and off-flavour compounds of black and white pepper ( Piper nigrum L.) I. Evaluation of potent odorants of black pepper by dilution and concentration techniques, Eur. Food Res. Technol., 1999, 209, 1, 16-21, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002170050449 . [all data]

Leffingwell and Alford, 2011
Leffingwell, J.; Alford, E.D., Volatile constituents of the giant pufball mushroom (Calvatia gigantea), Leffingwell Rep., 2011, 4, 1-17. [all data]

Pino, Marquez, et al., 2010
Pino, J.A.; Marquez, E.; Quijano, C.E.; Castro, D., Volatile compounds in noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) at two ripening stages, Ciencia e Technologia de Alimentos, 2010, 30, 1, 183-187, https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-20612010000100028 . [all data]

Radulovic, Blagojevic, et al., 2010
Radulovic, N.; Blagojevic, P.; Palic, R., Comparative study of the leaf volatiles of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. and Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. (Ericaceae), Molecules, 2010, 15, 9, 6168-6185, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15096168 . [all data]

Kim and Chung, 2009
Kim, J.-S.; Chung, H.Y., GC-MS analysis of the volatile components in dried boxthorn (Lycium chimensis) Fruit, J. Korean Soc. Appl. Biol. Chem., 2009, 52, 5, 516-524, https://doi.org/10.3839/jksabc.2009.088 . [all data]

Laselan, Buettner, et al., 2009
Laselan, P.; Buettner, A.; Christlbauer, M., Investigation of the retronasal perseption of palm wine (Elaeis guineensis) aroma by application of sensory analysis and exhaled odorant measurement (EXOM), African J. of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and development, 2009, 9, 2, 793-813. [all data]

Radulovic, Blagojevic, et al., 2009
Radulovic, N.S.; Blagojevic, P.D.; Palic, R.M.; Zlatkovic, B.K.; Stevanovic, B.M., Volatiles from vegetative organs of the paleoendemic resurrection plants Ramonda serbica Panc. and Ramonda nathaliae Panc. at Petrov, J. Serb. Chem. Soc., 2009, 74, 1, 35-44, https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC0901035R . [all data]

Blazevic and Mastelic, 2008
Blazevic, I.; Mastelic, J., Free and bounded volatiles of rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.), Fravour Fragr. J., 2008, 23, 4, 278-285, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1883 . [all data]

Ramirez R. and Cava R., 2007
Ramirez R.; Cava R., Volatile profiles of dry-cured meat products from three different Iberian x Duroc genotypes, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 5, 1923-1931, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf062810l . [all data]

Zeller and Rychlik, 2007
Zeller, A.; Rychlik, M., Impact of estragole and other odorants on the flavour of anise and tarragon, Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 2, 105-113, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1765 . [all data]

Pino, Marquez, et al., 2006
Pino, J.A.; Marquez, E.; Marbot, R., Volatile constituents from tea of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), Rev. CENIC Ciencias Quimicas, 2006, 37, 3, 127-129. [all data]

Boustie, Rapior, et al., 2005
Boustie, J.; Rapior, S.; Fortin, H.; Tomas, S.; Bessiere, J.-M., Chemotaxonomic interest of volatile components in Lepista inversa and Lepista flaccida distinctions, Cryptogamie, Mycologie, 2005, 26, 1, 1-4. [all data]

Leffingwell and Alford, 2005
Leffingwell, J.C.; Alford, E.D., Volatile constituents of Perique tobacco, Electron. J. Environ. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 4, 2, 899-915. [all data]

van Loon, Linssen, et al., 2005
van Loon, W.A.M.; Linssen, J.P.H.; Legger, A.; Posthumus, M.A.; Voragen, A.G.J., Identification and olfactometry of French fries flavour extracted at mouth conditions, Food Chem., 2005, 90, 3, 417-425, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.05.005 . [all data]

Pino, Marbot, et al., 2005
Pino, J.A.; Marbot, R.; Rosado, A.; Vázquez, C., Volatile constituents of genipap (Genipa americana L.) fruit from Cuba, Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 6, 583-586, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1491 . [all data]

Velasco-Negueruela, Pérez-Alonso, et al., 2005
Velasco-Negueruela, A.; Pérez-Alonso, M.J.; Pérez de Paz, P.L.; Palá-Paúl, J.; Sanz, J., Analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the essential oils from the aerial parts of Pimpinella anagodendron Bolle and Pimpinella rupicola Svent., two endemic species to the Canary Islands, Spain, J. Chromatogr. A, 2005, 1095, 1-2, 180-184, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2005.09.074 . [all data]

Kilic, Hafizoglu, et al., 2004
Kilic, A.; Hafizoglu, H.; Kollmannsberger, H.; Nitz, S., Volatile constituents and key odorants in leaves, buds, flowers, and fruits of Laurus nobilis L., J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52, 6, 1601-1606, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0306237 . [all data]

Sebastian, Viallon-Fernandez, et al., 2003
Sebastian, I.; Viallon-Fernandez, C.; Berge, P.; Berdague, J.-L., Analysis of the volatile fraction of lamb fat tissue: influence of the type of feeding, Sciences des Aliments, 2003, 23, 4, 497-511, https://doi.org/10.3166/sda.23.497-511 . [all data]

Velasco-Negueruela, Pérez-Alonso, et al., 2002
Velasco-Negueruela, A.; Pérez-Alonso, M.J.; de Paz, P.L.P.; Vallejo, C.G.; Palá-Paúl, J.; Iñigo, A., Chemical composition of the essential oils from the roots, fruits, leaves and stems of Pimpinella cumbrae link growing in the Canary Islands (Spain), Flavour Fragr. J., 2002, 17, 6, 468-471, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1131 . [all data]

Cadwallader and Heo, 2001
Cadwallader, K.R.; Heo, J., Aroma of roasted sesame oil: characterization by direct thermal desorption-gas chromatography-olfactometry and sample dilution analysis, Am. Chem. Soc. Symp. Ser., 2001, 782, 187-202. [all data]

Ngassoum, Jirovetz, et al., 2001
Ngassoum, M.B.; Jirovetz, L.; Buchbauer, G., SPME/GC/MS analysis of headspace aroma compounds of the Cameroonian fruit Tetrapleura tetraptera (Thonn.) Taub., Eur. Food Res. Technol., 2001, 213, 1, 18-21, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002170100330 . [all data]

Czerny and Grosch, 2000
Czerny, M.; Grosch, W., Potent odorants of raw Arabica coffee. Their changes during roasting, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2000, 48, 3, 868-872, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf990609n . [all data]

García, Martín, et al., 2000
García, C.; Martín, A.; Timón, M.L.; Córdoba, J.J., Microbial populations and volatile compounds in the 'bone taint' spoilage of dry cured ham, Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 2000, 30, 1, 61-66, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-765x.2000.00663.x . [all data]

Kotseridis and Baumes, 2000
Kotseridis, Y.; Baumes, R., Identification of impact odorants in Bordeaux red grape juice, in the commercial yeast used for its fermentation, and in the produced wine, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2000, 48, 2, 400-406, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf990565i . [all data]

Doneanu and Anitescu, 1998
Doneanu, C.; Anitescu, G., Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of Angelica archangelica L. root oil, J. Supercrit. Fluids, 1998, 12, 1, 59-67, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0896-8446(97)00040-5 . [all data]

Fons, Rapior, et al., 1998
Fons, F.; Rapior, S.; Gargadennec, A.; Andary, C.; Bessiere, J.-M., Volatile components of Plantago lanceolata (Plantaginaceae), Acta bot. Gallica, 1998, 145, 4, 265-269, https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.1998.10516306 . [all data]

Ong, Acree, et al., 1998
Ong, P.K.C.; Acree, T.E.; Lavin, E.H., Characterization of volatiles in rambutan fruit (Nephelium lappaceum L.), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1998, 46, 2, 611-615, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf970665t . [all data]

Kondjoyan, Viallon, et al., 1997
Kondjoyan, N.; Viallon, C.; Berdagué, J.L.; Daridan, D.; Simon, M.-N.; Legault, C., Analyse comparative de la fraction volatile de jambons secs de porcs Gascon et Large-White x Landrace Français, J. Rech. C.N.R.S., 1997, 29, 405-410, retrieved from http://www.rennes.inra.fr/srp/jrp/1997/97txtQualite/Q9704.pdf. [all data]

Robacker and Bartelt, 1997
Robacker, D.C.; Bartelt, R.J., Chemicals attractive to Mexican fruit fly from Klebsiella pneumoniae and Citrobacter freundii cultures sampled by solid-phase microextraction MICROEXTRACTION, J. Chem. Ecol., 1997, 23, 12, 2897-2915, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022579414233 . [all data]

Binder, Benson, et al., 1990
Binder, R.G.; Benson, M.E.; Flath, R.A., Volatile Components of Safflower, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1990, 38, 5, 1245-1248, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00095a020 . [all data]

Binder, Turner, et al., 1990
Binder, R.G.; Turner, C.E.; Flath, R.A., Comparison of yellow starthistle volatiles from different plant parts, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1990, 38, 3, 764-767, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00093a038 . [all data]

Schwab and Schreier, 1988
Schwab, W.; Schreier, P., Simultaneous enzyme catalysis extraction: A versatile technique for the study of flavor precursors, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1988, 36, 6, 1238-1242, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00084a028 . [all data]

Habu, Flath, et al., 1985
Habu, T.; Flath, R.A.; Mon, T.R.; Morton, J.F., Volatile components of Rooibos tea (Aspalathus linearis), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1985, 33, 2, 249-254, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00062a024 . [all data]

VOC BinBase, 2012
VOC BinBase, The volatile compound BinBase (VOC BinBase), 2012, retrieved from http://fiehnlab.ucdavis.edu/projects/VocBinBase and http://binbase.sourceforge.net. [all data]

Nance and Setzer, 2011
Nance, M.R.; Setzer, W.N., Volatile components of aroma hops (Humulus lupulus L.) commonly used in beer brewing, J. of Brewing and Distilling, 2011, 2, 2, 16-22. [all data]

Skogerson, Wohlgemuth, et al., 2011
Skogerson, K.; Wohlgemuth, G.; Fiehn, O., VocBinNase, 2011, retrieved from http://fiehnlab.ucdavis.edu/projects//VocBinBase. [all data]

San-Juan, Petka, et al., 2010
San-Juan, F.; Petka, J.; Cacho, J.; Ferreira, V.; Escudero, A., Producing headspace extracts for the gas chromatography - olphactometric evaluation of wine aroma, Food Chemistry, 2010, 123, 1, 188-195, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.03.129 . [all data]

Christlbauer and Schieberle, 2009
Christlbauer, M.; Schieberle, P., Characterization of the key aroma compounds in beef and pork vegetable gravies a la chef by application of the aroma extract dilution analysis, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 19, 9114-9112, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9023189 . [all data]

Pugliese, Sirtori, et al., 2009
Pugliese, C.; Sirtori, F.; Ruiz, J.; Martin, D.; Parenti, S.; Franci, O., Effect of pasture on chestnut or acorn on fatty acid composition and aromatic profile of fat of China Senece dry-cured ham, Gracas y Aceites, 2009, 60, 3, 271-276, https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.130208 . [all data]

Collin, Nizet, et al., 2008
Collin, S.; Nizet, S.; Muls, S.; Iraqi, R.; Bouseta, A., Characterization of odor-active compounds in extracts obtained by simultaneous extraction/distillation from Moroccan black olives, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2008, 56, 9, 3273-3278, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf073488x . [all data]

Zhao, Li, et al., 2008
Zhao, Y.; Li, J.; Xu, Y.; Duan, H.; Fan, W.; Zhao, G., EXtraction, preparation and identification of volatile compounds in Changyu XO brandy, Chinese J. Chromatogr., 2008, 26, 2, 212-222, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2059(08)60014-0 . [all data]

Buettner, 2007
Buettner, A., A selective and sensitive approach to characterize odour-active and volatile constituents in small-scale human milk samples, Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 6, 465-473, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1822 . [all data]

Greger and Schieberle, 2007
Greger, V.; Schieberle, P., Characterization of the Key Aroma Compounds in Apricots (Prunus armeniaca) by Application of the Molecular Sensory Science Concept, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 13, 5221-5228, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0705015 . [all data]

Lasekan, Buettner, et al., 2007
Lasekan, O.; Buettner, A.; Christlbauer, M., Investigation of important odorants of palm wine (Elaeis guineensis), Food Chem., 2007, 105, 1, 15-23, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.12.052 . [all data]

Alissandrakis, Kibaris, et al., 2005
Alissandrakis, E.; Kibaris, A.C.; Tarantilis, P.A.; Harizanis, P.C.; Polissiou, M., Flavour compounds of Greek cotton honey, J. Sci. Food Agric., 2005, 85, 9, 1444-1452, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2124 . [all data]

Buettner, 2004
Buettner, A., Investigation of potent odorants and afterodor development in two chardonnay wines using the Buccal Odor Screening System (BOSS), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52, 8, 2339-2346, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf035322b . [all data]

Counet, Ouwerx, et al., 2004
Counet, C.; Ouwerx, C.; Rosoux, D.; Collin, S., Relationship between procyanidin and flavor contents of cocoa liquors from different origins, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52, 20, 6243-6249, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf040105b . [all data]

Garcia-Estaban, Ansorena, et al., 2004
Garcia-Estaban, M.; Ansorena, D.; Astiasaran, I.; Martin, D.; Ruiz, J., Comparison of simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) for the analysis of volatile compounds in dry-cured ham, J. Sci. Food Agric., 2004, 84, 11, 1364-1370, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1826 . [all data]

Garcia-Estaban, Ansorena, et al., 2004, 2
Garcia-Estaban, M.; Ansorena, D.; Astiasarán, I.; Ruiz, J., Study of the effect of different fiber coatings and extraction conditions on dry cured ham volatile compounds extracted by solid-phase microextraction (SPME), Talanta, 2004, 64, 2, 458-466, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2004.03.007 . [all data]

Begnaud, Pérès, et al., 2003
Begnaud, F.; Pérès, C.; Berdagué, J.-L., Characterization of volatile effluents of livestock buildings by solid-phase microextraction, Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 2003, 83, 10, 837-849, https://doi.org/10.1080/03067310310001603349 . [all data]

Machiels, van Ruth, et al., 2003
Machiels, D.; van Ruth, S.M.; Posthumus, M.A.; Istasse, L., Gas chromatography-olfactometry analysis of the volatile compounds of two commercial Irish beef meats, Talanta, 2003, 60, 4, 755-764, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-9140(03)00133-4 . [all data]

Young, Lane, et al., 2003
Young, O.A.; Lane, G.A.; Priolo, A.; Fraser, K., Pastoral and species flavour in lambs raised on pasture, lucerne or maize, J. Sci. Food Agric., 2003, 83, 2, 93-104, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1282 . [all data]

Bücking and Steinhart, 2002
Bücking, M.; Steinhart, H., Headspace GC and sensory analysis characterization of the influence of different milk additives on the flavor release of coffee beverages, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 6, 1529-1534, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf011117p . [all data]

Lee and Kim, 2002
Lee, D.-S.; Kim, N.-S., Identification of fragrances from chestnut blossom by gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry, Bull. Korean Chem. Soc., 2002, 23, 11, 1647-1650, https://doi.org/10.5012/bkcs.2002.23.11.1647 . [all data]

Rapior, Breheret, et al., 2002
Rapior, S.; Breheret, S.; Talou T.; Pelissier, Y.; Bessiere, J.-M., The anise-like odor of Clitocybe odora, Lentinellus cochleatus and Agaricus essettei, Mycologia, 2002, 94, 3, 373-376, https://doi.org/10.2307/3761770 . [all data]

Ansorena, Gimeno, et al., 2001
Ansorena, D.; Gimeno, O.; Astiasarán, I.; Bello, J., Analysis of volatile compounds by GC-MS of a dry fermented sausage: chorizo de Pamplona, Food Res. Int., 2001, 34, 1, 67-75, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0963-9969(00)00133-2 . [all data]

Teai, Claude-Lafontaine, et al., 2001
Teai, T.; Claude-Lafontaine, A.; Schippa, C.; Cozzolino, F., Volatile compounds in fresh pulp of pineapple (Ananas comosus [L.] Merr.) from French Polynesia, J. Essent. Oil Res., 2001, 13, 5, 314-318, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2001.9712222 . [all data]

Ansorena, Astiasarán, et al., 2000
Ansorena, D.; Astiasarán, I.; Bello, J., Influence of the simultaneous addition of the protease flavourzyme and the lipase novozyme 677BG on dry fermented sausage compounds extracted by SDE and analyzed by GC-MS, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2000, 48, 6, 2395-2400, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf990931y . [all data]

Guyot, Scheirman, et al., 1999
Guyot, C.; Scheirman, V.; Collin, S., Floral origin markers of heather honeys: Calluna vulgaris and Erica arborea, Food Chem., 1999, 64, 1, 3-11, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(98)00122-8 . [all data]

Guyot, Bouseta, et al., 1998
Guyot, C.; Bouseta, A.; Scheirman, V.; Collin, S., Floral origin markers of chestnut and lime tree honeys, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1998, 46, 2, 625-633, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf970510l . [all data]

Timón, Ventanas, et al., 1998
Timón, M.L.; Ventanas, J.; Martín, L.; Tejeda, J.F.; García, C., Volatile compounds in supercritical carbon dioxide extracts of Iberian ham, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1998, 46, 12, 5143-5150, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf980652v . [all data]

Mateo, Aguirrezábal, et al., 1997
Mateo, J.; Aguirrezábal, M.; Domínguez, C.; Zumalacárregui, J.M., Volatile compounds in Spanish paprika, J. Food Comp. Anal., 1997, 10, 3, 225-232, https://doi.org/10.1006/jfca.1997.0535 . [all data]

Schermann and Schieberle, 1997
Schermann, P.; Schieberle, P., Evaluation of key odorants in milk chocolate and cocoa mass by aroma extract dilution analyses, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1997, 45, 3, 867-872, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf960670h . [all data]

Mateo and Zumalacárregui, 1996
Mateo, J.; Zumalacárregui, J.M., Volatile compounds in chorizo and their changes during ripening, Meat Sci., 1996, 44, 4, 255-273, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1740(96)00028-9 . [all data]

Blank, Sen, et al., 1992
Blank, I.; Sen, A.; Grosch, W., Potent odorants of the roasted powder and brew of Arabica coffee, Z. Lebensm. Unters Forsch., 1992, 195, 3, 239-245, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01202802 . [all data]

Duarte, Dias, et al., 2010
Duarte, W.F.; Dias, D.R.; Oliveira, J.M.; Teixeira, J.A.; de Almeida e Silva, J.B.; Schwan, R.F., Characterization of different fruit wines made from cacao,cupuassu, gabiroba, jaboticaba and umbu, Food Sci. Technol., 2010, 43, 1564-1572. [all data]

Miyazawa, Fujita, et al., 2010
Miyazawa, N.; Fujita, A.; Kubota, K., Aroma character impact compounds in Kinokuni Mandarin Orange (Citrus kinikuni) compared with Satsuma Mandarin Orange, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 2010, 74, 4, 835-842, https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.90937 . [all data]

Audino, Alzogaray, et al., 2007
Audino, P.G.; Alzogaray, R.A.; Vassena, C.; Masuh, H.; Fontán, A.; Gatti, P.; Martínez, A.; Camps, F.; Cork, A.; Zerba, E., Volatile compounds secreted by Brindley's glands of adult Triatoma infestans: identification and biological activity of previously unidentified compounds, Journal of Vector Ecology, 2007, 32, 1, 75-82, https://doi.org/10.3376/1081-1710(2007)32[75:VCSBBO]2.0.CO;2 . [all data]

Xu, Fan, et al., 2007
Xu, Y.; Fan, W.; Qian, M.C., Characterization of Aroma Compounds in Apple Cider Using Solvent-Assisted Flavor Evaporation and Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 8, 3051-3057, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0631732 . [all data]

Fan and Qian, 2006
Fan, W.; Qian, M.C., Characterization of Aroma Compounds of Chinese Wuliangye and Jiannanchun Liquors by Aroma Extract Dilution Analysis, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 7, 2695-2704, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf052635t . [all data]

Qian and Wang, 2005
Qian, M.C.; Wang, Y., Seasonal Variations of Volatile Composition and Odor Activity Value of Marion (Rubus spp. hyb) and Thornless Evergreen (R.laciniatus L.) Blackberries, J. Food. Sci., 2005, 70, 1, c13-c20, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.tb09013.x . [all data]

Wijaya, Ulrich, et al., 2005
Wijaya, C.H.; Ulrich, D.; Lestari, R.; Schippel, K.; Ebert, G., Identification of potent odorants in different cultivars of snake fruit [Salacca zalacca (Gaert.) Voss] using gas chromatography-olfactometry, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 5, 1637-1641, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf048950h . [all data]

Dregus and Engel, 2003
Dregus, M.; Engel, K.-H., Volatile constituents of uncooked Rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum L.) stalks, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 22, 6530-6536, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf030399l . [all data]

Lee and Noble, 2003
Lee, S.-J.; Noble, A.C., Characterization of odor-active compounds in Californian Chardonnay wines using GC-olfactometry and GC-mass spectrometry, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 27, 8036-8044, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf034747v . [all data]

López, Ortín, et al., 2003
López, R.; Ortín, N.; Pérez-Trujillo, J.P.; Cacho, J.; Ferreira, V., Impact odorants of different young white wines from the Canary islands, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 11, 3419-3425, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf026045w . [all data]

Czerny and Schieberle, 2002
Czerny, M.; Schieberle, P., Important aroma compounds in freshly ground wholemeal and white wheat flour-identification and quantitative changes during sourdough fermentation, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 23, 6835-6840, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020638p . [all data]

Ito, Sugimoto, et al., 2002
Ito, Y.; Sugimoto, A.; Kakuda, T.; Kubota, K., Identification of potent odorants in Chinese jasmine green tea scented with flowers of Jasminum sambac, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 17, 4878-4884, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020282h . [all data]

Sanz, Czerny, et al., 2002
Sanz, C.; Czerny, M.; Cid, C.; Schieberle, P., Comparison of potent odorants in a filtered coffee brew and in an instant coffee beverage by aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA), Eur. Food Res. Technol., 2002, 214, 4, 299-302, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-001-0459-9 . [all data]

Suhardi, Suzuki, et al., 2002
Suhardi, S.; Suzuki, M.; Yoshida, K.; Muto, T.; Fujita, A.; Watanbe, N., Changes in the volatile compounds and in the chemical and physical properties of snake fruit (Salacca edulis Reinw) Cv. Pondoh during maturation, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 26, 7627-7633, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020620e . [all data]

Umano, Hagi, et al., 2002
Umano, K.; Hagi, Y.; Shibamoto, T., Volatile chemicals identified in extracts from newly hybrid citrus, dekopon (Shiranuhi mandarin Suppl. J.), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 19, 5355-5359, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0203951 . [all data]

Ducruet, Fournier, et al., 2001
Ducruet, V.; Fournier, N.; Saillard, P.; Feigenbaum, A.; Guichard, E., Influence of packaging on the aroma stability of strawberry syrup during shelf life, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 5, 2290-2297, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0012796 . [all data]

Weckerle, Bastl-Borrmann, et al., 2001
Weckerle, B.; Bastl-Borrmann, R.; Richling, E.; Hör, K.; Ruff, C.; Schreier, P., Cactus pear (Opuntia ficus indica) flavour constituents - chiral evaluation (MDGC-MS) and isotope ratio (HRGC-IRMS) analysis, Flavour Fragr. J., 2001, 16, 5, 360-363, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1012 . [all data]

Parada, Duque, et al., 2000
Parada, F.; Duque, C.; Fujimoto, Y., Free and bound volatile composition and characterization of some glucoconjugates as aroma precursors in Melón de olor fruit pulp (Sicana odorifera), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2000, 48, 12, 6200-6204, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0007232 . [all data]

Buttery, Orts, et al., 1999
Buttery, R.G.; Orts, W.J.; Takeoka, G.R.; Nam, Y., Volatile flavor components of rice cakes, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1999, 47, 10, 4353-4356, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf990140w . [all data]

Suriyaphan, Drake, et al., 1999
Suriyaphan, O.; Drake, M.A.; Cadwallader, K.R., Identification of volatile off-flavors in reduced-fat cheddar cheeses containing lecitin, Lebensm.-Wiss. u. Technol., 1999, 32, 5, 250-254, https://doi.org/10.1006/fstl.1999.0543 . [all data]

Parada and Duque, 1998
Parada, F.; Duque, C., Studies on the aroma of piñuela fruit pulp (Bromelia plumieri): Free and bound volatile composition and characterization of some glucoconjugates as aroma precursors, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1998, 21, 10, 577-581, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4168(19981001)21:10<577::AID-JHRC577>3.0.CO;2-V . [all data]

Sekiwa, Kubota, et al., 1997
Sekiwa, Y.; Kubota, K.; Kobayashi, A., Characteristic flavor components in the brew of cooked clam (Meretrix lusoria) and the effect of storage on flavor formation, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1997, 45, 3, 826-830, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf960433e . [all data]

Ulrich, Hoberg, et al., 1997
Ulrich, D.; Hoberg, E.; Rapp, A.; Kecke, S., Analysis of strawberry flavour - discrimination of aroma types by quantification of volatile compounds, Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. A, 1997, 205, 3, 218-223, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002170050154 . [all data]

Milo and Grosch, 1996
Milo, C.; Grosch, W., Changes in the odorants of boiled salmon and cod as affected by the storage of the raw material, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1996, 44, 8, 2366-2371, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9507203 . [all data]

Shuichi, Masazumi, et al., 1996
Shuichi, H.; Masazumi, N.; Hiromu, K.; Kiyoshi, F., Comparison of volatile compounds berween the crude drugs, Onji-tsutsu and Onji-niki, Nippon nogei kagaku kaishi, 1996, 70, 2, 151-160. [all data]

Kawakami and Kobayashi, 1991
Kawakami, M.; Kobayashi, A., Volatitle constituents of greem mate and roasted mate, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1991, 39, 7, 1275-1279, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00007a016 . [all data]

Mihara, Tateba, et al., 1988
Mihara, S.; Tateba, H.; Nishimura, O.; Machii, Y.; Kishino, K., The volatile components of Chinese quince (Pseudocydonia sinensis Schneid) in Flavors and Fragrances: A World Perspective. Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of Essential Oils, Fragrances and Flavors, Lawrence,B.M.; Mookherjee,B.D.; Willis,B.J., ed(s)., Elsevier, New York, 1988, 537-550. [all data]

Andersen J.F., Mikolajczak K.L., et al., 1987
Andersen J.F.; Mikolajczak K.L.; Reed D.K., Analysis of peach bark volatiles and their electroantennogram activity with lesser pechtree borer, Synanthedon pictipes (Grote and Robinson), J. Chem. Ecol., 1987, 13, 11, 2103-2114, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01012874 . [all data]

Mihara, Tateba, et al., 1987
Mihara, S.; Tateba, H.; Nishimura, O.; Machii, Y.; Kishino, K., Volatile components of Chinese quince (Pseudocydonia sinensis Schneid), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1987, 35, 4, 532-537, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00076a023 . [all data]

Gyawali and Kim, 2012
Gyawali, R.; Kim, K.-S., Bioactive volatile compounds of three medicinal plants from Nepal, Kathmandu Univ. J. Sci., Engineering and Technol., 2012, 8, 1, 51-62. [all data]

Toontom, Meenune, et al., 2012
Toontom, N.; Meenune, M.; Posri, W.; Lertsiri, S., Effect of drying method on physical and chemical quality, hotness and volatile flavour characteristics of dried chili, Int. Food Res. J., 2012, 19, 3, 1023-1031. [all data]

Johanningsmeier and McFeeters, 2011
Johanningsmeier, S.D.; McFeeters, R.F., Detection of volatile spoilage metabolites in fermented cucumbers using nontargeted, comprehensive 2-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGCxTOFMS), J. Food Sci., 2011, 76, 1, c168-c177, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01918.x . [all data]

Sampaio, Garruti, et al., 2011
Sampaio, K.S.; Garruti, D.S.; Franco, M.R.B.; Janzantti, N.S.; Da Silva, M.A.AP., Aroma volatiles recovered in the water phase of cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale L.) juice during concentration, J. Sci. Food Agric., 2011, 91, 10, 1801-1809, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4385 . [all data]

Parker, Tsormpatsidis, et al., 2010
Parker, J.K.; Tsormpatsidis, E.; Elmore, J.S.; Wagstaffe, A.; Mottram, D.S., Solid-phase extraction as a routine method for comparing key aroma compounds in fruits in Expression of Multidisciplinary Flavour Science, Blank, I.; Wust, M.; Yeretzian C., ed(s)., Zurcher Hochschule fur Angewandte Wissenschaften, Wadenswil, Switzerland, 2010, 521-524. [all data]

Ferreira, Juan, et al., 2009
Ferreira, V.; Juan, F.S.; Escudero, A.; Cullere, L.; Fernandez-Zurbano, P.; Saenz-Navajas, M.P.; Cacho, J., Modeling quality of premium Spanish red wines from gas chromatography-olfactometry data, J. Agr. Food. Chem., 2009, 57, 16, 7490-7498, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9006483 . [all data]

Loscos, Hernandez-Orte, et al., 2009
Loscos, N.; Hernandez-Orte, P.; Cacho, J.; Ferreira, V., Fate of grape flavor precursors during storage on yeast lees, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 12, 5468-5479, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf804057q . [all data]

Frauendorfer and Schieberle, 2008
Frauendorfer, F.; Schieberle, P., Changes in key aroma compounds of criollo cocoa beans during roasting, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2008, 56, 21, 10244-10251, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf802098f . [all data]

Loskos, Hernandez-Orte, et al., 2007
Loskos, N.; Hernandez-Orte, P.; Cacho, J.; Ferreira, V., Release and formation of varietal aroma compounds during alcoholic fermentation from nonfloral grape odorless flavor precursors fractions, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 16, 6674-6684, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0702343 . [all data]

Tian, Zhang, et al., 2007
Tian, Y.; Zhang, X.; Huang, T.; Zou, K.; Zhou, J., Research advances on the essential oils from leaves of Eucalyptus, Food Fermentation Ind. (Chinese), 2007, 33, 10, 143-147. [all data]

Krings, Zelena, et al., 2006
Krings, U.; Zelena, K.; Wu, S.; Berger, R.G., Thin-layer high-vacuum distillation to isolate volatile flavour compounds of cocoa powder, Eur. Food Res. Technol., 2006, 223, 5, 675-681, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-006-0252-x . [all data]

Steinhaus and Schieberle, 2005
Steinhaus, M.; Schieberle, P., Characterization of odorants causing an atypical aroma in white pepper powder (Piper nigrum L.) based on quantitative measurements and orthonasal breakthrough thresholds, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 15, 6049-6055, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0506030 . [all data]

Garruti, Franco, et al., 2003
Garruti, D.S.; Franco, M.R.B.; da Silva, M.A.A.P.; Janzantti, N.S.; Alves, G.L., Evaluation of volatile flavour compounds from cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale L) juice by the Osme gas chromatography/olfactometry technique, J. Sci. Food Agric., 2003, 83, 14, 1455-1462, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1560 . [all data]

Buettner and Schieberle, 2001
Buettner, A.; Schieberle, P., Application of a comparative aroma extract dilution analysis to monitor changes in orange juice aroma compounds during processing, Am. Chem. Soc. Symp. Ser., 2001, 782, 33-45. [all data]

Mayorga, Knapp, et al., 2001
Mayorga, H.; Knapp, H.; Winterhalter, P.; Duque, C., Glycosidically bound flavor compounds of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 4, 1904-1908, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0011743 . [all data]

Muresan, Eillebrecht, et al., 2000
Muresan, S.; Eillebrecht, M.A.J.L.; de Rijk, T.C.; de Jonge, H.G.; Leguijt, T.; Nijhuis, H.H., Aroma profile development of intermediate chocolate products. I. Volatile constituents of block-milk, Food Chem., 2000, 68, 2, 167-174, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(99)00171-5 . [all data]

Reiners and Grosch, 1998
Reiners, J.; Grosch, W., Odorants of virgin olive oils with different flavor profiles, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1998, 46, 7, 2754-2763, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf970940b . [all data]

Zehentbauer and Grosch, 1998
Zehentbauer, G.; Grosch, W., Crust aroma of baguettes. I. Key odorants of baguettes prepared in two different ways, J. Cereal Science, 1998, 28, 1, 81-92, https://doi.org/10.1006/jcrs.1998.0184 . [all data]

Guth, 1997
Guth, H., Identification of character impact odorants of different white wine varieties, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1997, 45, 8, 3022-3026, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9608433 . [all data]

Guth and Grosch, 1994
Guth, H.; Grosch, W., Identification of the character impact odorants of stewed beef juice by instrumental analyses and sensory studies, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1994, 42, 12, 2862-2866, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00048a039 . [all data]

Schieberle and Grosch, 1994
Schieberle, P.; Grosch, W., Potent odorants of rye bread crust - differences from the crumb and from wheat bread crust, Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch., 1994, 198, 4, 292-296, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01193177 . [all data]

Guth and Grosch, 1993
Guth, H.; Grosch, W., 12-Methyltridecanal, a species-specific odorant of stewed beef, Lebensm. Wiss. Technol., 1993, 26, 2, 171-177, https://doi.org/10.1006/fstl.1993.1035 . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  AE	Appearance energy
  Tboil	Boiling point
  ΔcH°liquid	Enthalpy of combustion of liquid at standard conditions
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔfH°liquid	Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
• The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
• Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.