Propene

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Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C3H6+ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
IE (evaluated)9.73 ± 0.01eVN/AN/AL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Proton affinity (review)751.6kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Gas basicity722.7kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
9.73PITraeger, 1984LBLHLM
9.69 ± 0.09EISelim, 1980LLK
9.73 ± 0.02PIWood and Taylor, 1979LLK
9.7 ± 0.1PEBieri, Burger, et al., 1977LLK
9.73 ± 0.01PIKrassig, Reinke, et al., 1974LLK
9.744 ± 0.003PEMasclet, Grosjean, et al., 1973LLK
9.72PEKatrib and Rabalais, 1973LLK
9.72EILossing, 1972LLK
9.74PEFrost and Sandhu, 1971LLK
9.74 ± 0.01PIPerson and Nicole, 1970RDSH
9.69PEDewar and Worley, 1969RDSH
9.76CICermak, 1968RDSH
9.727 ± 0.010PINicholson, 1965RDSH
9.74SSamson, Marmo, et al., 1962RDSH
9.73 ± 0.02PISteiner, Giese, et al., 1961RDSH
9.73PIBralsford, Harris, et al., 1960RDSH
9.73 ± 0.01PIWatanabe, 1957RDSH
9.91 ± 0.01PEKrause, Taylor, et al., 1978Vertical value; LLK
10.2PEKobayashi, 1978Vertical value; LLK
10.03PEKimura, Katsumata, et al., 1975Vertical value; LLK
10.2PEWhite, Carlson, et al., 1974Vertical value; LLK
9.70PEHentrich, Gunkel, et al., 1974Vertical value; LLK
9.9PEWeidner and Schweig, 1972Vertical value; LLK
9.86PEMollere, Bock, et al., 1972Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
C+24.5 ± 0.5?EIPeers and Vigny, 1968RDSH
CH+22.5 ± 0.5?EIPeers and Vigny, 1968RDSH
CH2+17.0 ± 0.5?EIPeers and Vigny, 1968RDSH
CH3+14.9C2H3EIHaney and Franklin, 1968RDSH
CH4+14.7 ± 0.5?EIPeers and Vigny, 1968RDSH
C2+28. ± 1.?EIPeers and Vigny, 1968RDSH
C2H+21. ± 1.?EIPeers and Vigny, 1968RDSH
C2H2+12.92 ± 0.05CH4PIKrassig, Reinke, et al., 1974LLK
C2H2+13.6 ± 0.5CH4EIPeers and Vigny, 1968RDSH
C2H2+14.1CH4EIHaney and Franklin, 1968RDSH
C2H3+13.78 ± 0.03CH3EISelim, 1980LLK
C2H3+13.20 ± 0.04CH3PIKrassig, Reinke, et al., 1974LLK
C2H3+13.7 ± 0.5CH3EIPeers and Vigny, 1968RDSH
C2H4+12.4 ± 0.5?EIPeers and Vigny, 1968RDSH
C2H5+12.6 ± 0.5?EIPeers and Vigny, 1968RDSH
C3+27. ± 1.?EIPeers and Vigny, 1968RDSH
C3H+20.5 ± 0.52H2+HEIPeers and Vigny, 1968RDSH
C3H+20.2 ± 0.52H2+HEIHarrison and Tait, 1962RDSH
C3H2+47. ± 1.?EIPeers and Vigny, 1968RDSH
C3H2+17. ± 1.2H2EIPeers and Vigny, 1968RDSH
C3H3+14.21 ± 0.09H2+HEISelim, 1980LLK
C3H3+13.19 ± 0.05H2+HPIKrassig, Reinke, et al., 1974LLK
C3H3+14.3 ± 0.5H2+HEIPeers and Vigny, 1968RDSH
C3H3+14.21H2+HEIOmura, 1962RDSH
C3H4+11.91 ± 0.03H2PIKrassig, Reinke, et al., 1974LLK
C3H4+12.3 ± 0.5H2EIPeers and Vigny, 1968RDSH
C3H4+12.52H2EIOmura, 1961RDSH
C3H5+11.86HPITraeger, 1984LBLHLM
C3H5+11.90 ± 0.05HEISelim, 1980LLK
C3H5+11.78HPIButtrill, Williamson, et al., 1975LLK
C3H5+11.88 ± 0.03HPIKrassig, Reinke, et al., 1974LLK
C3H5+11.88HEILossing, 1971LLK
C3H22+33.3 ± 0.5?EIPeers and Vigny, 1968RDSH
C3H52+31.1 ± 0.5HEIPeers and Vigny, 1968RDSH
H+20. ± 1.?EIPeers and Vigny, 1968RDSH
H2+16. ± 1.?EIPeers and Vigny, 1968RDSH

De-protonation reactions

C3H5- + Hydrogen cation = Propene

By formula: C3H5- + H+ = C3H6

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1636.4 ± 1.3kJ/molG+TSEllison, Davico, et al., 1996gas phase; calculated dSacid=24.2±1.0 eu; B
Δr1634. ± 4.2kJ/molD-EAWenthold, Polak, et al., 1996gas phase; B
Δr1635. ± 8.8kJ/molG+TSBartmess, Scott, et al., 1979gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δr1632.8 ± 2.7kJ/molG+TSMackay, Lien, et al., 1978gas phase; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1605.8 ± 0.42kJ/molIMREEllison, Davico, et al., 1996gas phase; calculated dSacid=24.2±1.0 eu; B
Δr1606. ± 4.6kJ/molH-TSWenthold, Polak, et al., 1996gas phase; B
Δr1607. ± 8.4kJ/molIMREBartmess, Scott, et al., 1979gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δr1605.0 ± 2.1kJ/molIMREMackay, Lien, et al., 1978gas phase; B

C3H5- + Hydrogen cation = Propene

By formula: C3H5- + H+ = C3H6

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1698. ± 8.4kJ/molBranDePuy, Gronert, et al., 1989gas phase; B
Δr>1693.5 ± 2.5kJ/molG+TSFroelicher, Freiser, et al., 1986gas phase; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1665. ± 8.8kJ/molH-TSDePuy, Gronert, et al., 1989gas phase; B
Δr>1661.0kJ/molIMRBFroelicher, Freiser, et al., 1986gas phase; B

C3H5- + Hydrogen cation = Propene

By formula: C3H5- + H+ = C3H6

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr>1693.5 ± 3.8kJ/molG+TSFroelicher, Freiser, et al., 1986gas phase; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr>1661.0kJ/molIMRBFroelicher, Freiser, et al., 1986gas phase; B

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

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NIST MS number 50

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Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
PackedPorapack Q100.292.Ji, Majors, et al., 1999 
CapillaryCP Sil 5 CB20.294.Do and Raulin, 199225. m/0.15 mm/2. μm, H2
CapillaryPoraPLOT Q160.300.Do and Raulin, 198910. m/0.32 mm/10. μm, H2
CapillaryOV-120.289.Nijs and Jacobs, 1981He; Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm
CapillarySqualane50.283.3Schröder, 1980 
PackedSqualane80.287.Chrétien and Dubois, 1977 
CapillarySqualane40.289.Matukuma, 1969N2; Column length: 91.4 m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane27.287.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane49.287.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane67.288.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane86.288.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane26.289.Zulaïca and Guiochon, 1966Column length: 10. m

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPetrocol DH-100283.Haagen-Smit Laboratory, 1997He; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Program: 5C(10min) => 5C/min => 50C(48min) => 1.5C/min => 195C(91min)
CapillaryDB-1290.Hoekman, 199360. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, He; Program: -40 C for 12 min; -40 - 125 C at 3 deg.min; 125-185 C at 6 deg/min; 185 - 220 C at 20 deg/min; hold 220 C for 2 min

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryChromosorb 101295.Voorhees, Hileman, et al., 197510. K/min; Tstart: 0. C; Tend: 220. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
PackedSE-30294.Peng, Ding, et al., 1988Supelcoport; Chromosorb; Column length: 3.05 m; Program: 40C(5min) => 10C/min => 200C or 250C (60min)

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane: CP-Sil 5 CB286.Bramston-Cook, 201360. m/0.25 mm/1.0 μm, Helium, 45. C @ 1.45 min, 3.6 K/min, 210. C @ 2.72 min
CapillaryPetrocol DH294.Supelco, 2012100. m/0.25 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 20. C @ 15. min, 15. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min
CapillaryUltra-ALLOY-5295.Tsuge, Ohtan, et al., 201130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 20. K/min, 320. C @ 13. min
CapillaryUltra-ALLOY-5295.Tsuge, Ohtan, et al., 201130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 20. K/min, 320. C @ 13. min
CapillaryUltra-ALLOY-5295.Tsuge, Ohtan, et al., 201130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 20. K/min, 320. C @ 13. min
CapillaryUltra-ALLOY-5295.Tsuge, Ohtan, et al., 201130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 20. K/min, 320. C @ 13. min
CapillaryUltra-ALLOY-5298.Tsuge, Ohtan, et al., 201130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 20. K/min, 320. C @ 13. min
CapillaryOV-101290.Chupalov and Zenkevich, 1996N2, 3. K/min; Column length: 52. m; Column diameter: 0.26 mm; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 220. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryMethyl Silicone288.Chen and Feng, 2007Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone290.Blunden, Aneja, et al., 200560. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, Helium; Program: -50 0C (2 min) 8 0C/min -> 200 0C (7.75 min) 25 0C -> 225 0C (8 min)
CapillaryMethyl Silicone290.Zenkevich, 2000Program: not specified
CapillarySPB-1283.Flanagan, Streete, et al., 199760. m/0.53 mm/5. μm, He; Program: 40C(6min) => 5C/min => 80C => 10C/min => 200C
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxanes290.Zenkevich, Chupalov, et al., 1996Program: not specified
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxanes290.Zenkevich and Chupalov, 1996Program: not specified
CapillarySPB-1283.Strete, Ruprah, et al., 199260. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (6 min) 5 0C/min -> 80 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C
CapillarySPB-1310.Strete, Ruprah, et al., 199260. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
PackedApieson L280.Kojima, Fujii, et al., 1980Chromosorb W; Column length: 20. m; Program: not specified
PackedSE-30290.Robinson and Odell, 1971N2, Chromosorb W; Column length: 6.1 m; Program: 50C910min) => 20C/min => 90(6min) => 10C/min => 150C(hold)

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Traeger, 1984
Traeger, J.C., A study of the allyl cation thermochemistry by photoionization mass spectrometry, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 1984, 58, 259. [all data]

Selim, 1980
Selim, E.T.M., Ionization dissociation of propylene by electron impact, Indian J. Pure Appl. Phys., 1980, 18, 31. [all data]

Wood and Taylor, 1979
Wood, K.V.; Taylor, J.W., A photoionization mass spectrometric study of autoionization in ethylene and trans-2-butene, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1979, 30, 307. [all data]

Bieri, Burger, et al., 1977
Bieri, G.; Burger, F.; Heilbronner, E.; Maier, J.P., Valence ionization enrgies of hydrocarbons, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1977, 60, 2213. [all data]

Krassig, Reinke, et al., 1974
Krassig, R.; Reinke, D.; Baumgartel, H., Photo-reaktionen kleiner organischer molekule II. Die photoionenspektren der Isomeren propylen-cyclopropan und acetaldehyd-athylenoxyd, Ber. Bunsen-Ges. Phys. Chem., 1974, 78, 425. [all data]

Masclet, Grosjean, et al., 1973
Masclet, P.; Grosjean, D.; Mouvier, G., Alkene ionization potentials. Part I. Quantitative determination of alkyl group structural effects, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1973, 2, 225. [all data]

Katrib and Rabalais, 1973
Katrib, A.; Rabalais, J.W., Electronic interaction between the vinyl group and its substituents, J. Phys. Chem., 1973, 77, 2358. [all data]

Lossing, 1972
Lossing, F.P., Free radicals by mass spectrometry. XLV. Ionization potentials and heats of formation of C3H3, C3H5, and C4H7 radicals and ions, Can. J. Chem., 1972, 50, 3973. [all data]

Frost and Sandhu, 1971
Frost, D.C.; Sandhu, J.S., Ionization potentials of ethylene and some methyl-substituted ethylenes as determined by photoelectron spectroscopy, Indian J. Chem., 1971, 9, 1105. [all data]

Person and Nicole, 1970
Person, J.C.; Nicole, P.P., Isotope effects in the photoionization yields and the absorption cross sections for acetylene, propyne, and propene, J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 53, 1767. [all data]

Dewar and Worley, 1969
Dewar, M.J.S.; Worley, S.D., Photoelectron spectra of molecules. I. Ionization potentials of some organic molecules and their interpretation, J. Chem. Phys., 1969, 50, 654. [all data]

Cermak, 1968
Cermak, V., Penning ionization electron spectroscopy. I. Determination of ionization potentials of polyatomic molecules, Collection Czech. Chem. Commun., 1968, 33, 2739. [all data]

Nicholson, 1965
Nicholson, A.J.C., Photoionization-efficiency curves. II. False and genuine structure, J. Chem. Phys., 1965, 43, 1171. [all data]

Samson, Marmo, et al., 1962
Samson, J.A.R.; Marmo, F.F.; Watanabe, K., Absorption and photoionization coefficients of propylene and butene-1 in the vacuum ultraviolet, J. Chem. Phys., 1962, 36, 783. [all data]

Steiner, Giese, et al., 1961
Steiner, B.; Giese, C.F.; Inghram, M.G., Photoionization of alkanes. Dissociation of excited molecular ions, J. Chem. Phys., 1961, 34, 189. [all data]

Bralsford, Harris, et al., 1960
Bralsford, R.; Harris, P.V.; Price, W.C., The effect of fluorine on the electronic spectra and ionization potentials of molecules, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), 1960, A258, 459. [all data]

Watanabe, 1957
Watanabe, K., Ionization potentials of some molecules, J. Chem. Phys., 1957, 26, 542. [all data]

Krause, Taylor, et al., 1978
Krause, D.A.; Taylor, J.W.; Fenske, R.F., An analysis of the effects of alkyl substituents on the ionization potentials of n-alkenes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1978, 100, 718. [all data]

Kobayashi, 1978
Kobayashi, T., A simple general tendency in photoelectron angular distributions of some monosubstituted benzenes, Phys. Lett., 1978, 69, 105. [all data]

Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1975
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Yamazaki, T.; Wakabayashi, H., UV photoelectron spectra and sum rule consideration; out-of-plane orbitals of unsaturated compounds with planar-skeleton structure, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1975, 6, 41. [all data]

White, Carlson, et al., 1974
White, R.M.; Carlson, T.A.; Spears, D.P., Angular distribution of the photoelectron spectra for ethylene, propylene, butene and butadiene, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1974, 3, 59. [all data]

Hentrich, Gunkel, et al., 1974
Hentrich, G.; Gunkel, E.; Klessinger, M., Photoelektronenspektren organischer verbindungen. 4. Photoelektronenspektren ungesattigter carbonylverbindungen, J. Mol. Struct., 1974, 21, 231. [all data]

Weidner and Schweig, 1972
Weidner, U.; Schweig, A., Theory and application of photoelectron spectroscopy. V. The nature of bonding in vinyl- and allylsilanes: the effects of σ-π (hyperconjugation) pπ-dπ conjugation in these compounds, J. Organomet. Chem., 1972, 39, 261. [all data]

Mollere, Bock, et al., 1972
Mollere, P.; Bock, H.; Becker, G.; Fritz, G., Photoelectron spectra and molecular properties. XV. The effects of α- and β-silyl substituents on π-systems, J. Organomet. Chem., 1972, 46, 89. [all data]

Peers and Vigny, 1968
Peers, A.M.; Vigny, P., Reactions molecule-ion dans le propylene, J. Chim. Phys., 1968, 65, 805. [all data]

Haney and Franklin, 1968
Haney, M.A.; Franklin, J.L., Correlation of excess energies of electron-impact dissociations with the translational energies of the products, J.Chem. Phys., 1968, 48, 4093. [all data]

Harrison and Tait, 1962
Harrison, A.G.; Tait, J.M.S., Concurrent ion-molecule reactions leading to the same product ion, Can. J. Chem., 1962, 40, 1986. [all data]

Omura, 1962
Omura, I., Study on unimolecular decomposition of excited olefin ions, Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 1962, 35, 1845. [all data]

Omura, 1961
Omura, I., Mass spectra at low ionizing voltage and bond dissociation energies of molecular ions from hydrocarbons, Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 1961, 34, 1227. [all data]

Buttrill, Williamson, et al., 1975
Buttrill, S.E., Jr.; Williamson, A.D.; LeBreton, P., Photoionization measurement of the heat of formation of allyl cations, J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 62, 1586. [all data]

Lossing, 1971
Lossing, F.P., Free radicals by mass spectrometry. XLIII. Ionization potentials and ionic heats of formation for vinyl, allyl, and benzyl radicals, Can. J. Chem., 1971, 49, 357. [all data]

Ellison, Davico, et al., 1996
Ellison, G.B.; Davico, G.E.; Bierbaum, V.M.; DePuy, C.H., Thermochemistry of theb Benzyl and Allyl Radicals and Ions, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc., 1996, 156, 1-2, 109-131, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1176(96)04383-2 . [all data]

Wenthold, Polak, et al., 1996
Wenthold, P.G.; Polak, M.L.; Lineberger, W.C., Photoelectron Spectroscopy of the Allyl and 2-Methylallyl Anions, J. Phys. Chem., 1996, 100, 17, 6920, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp953401n . [all data]

Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979
Bartmess, J.E.; Scott, J.A.; McIver, R.T., Jr., The gas phase acidity scale from methanol to phenol, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 6047. [all data]

Mackay, Lien, et al., 1978
Mackay, G.I.; Lien, M.H.; Hopkinson, A.C.; Bohme, D.K., Experimental and theoretical studies of proton removal from propene, Can. J. Chem., 1978, 56, 131. [all data]

DePuy, Gronert, et al., 1989
DePuy, C.H.; Gronert, S.; Barlow, S.E.; Bierbaum, V.M.; Damrauer, R., The Gas Phase Acidities of the Alkanes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1989, 111, 6, 1968, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00188a003 . [all data]

Froelicher, Freiser, et al., 1986
Froelicher, S.W.; Freiser, B.S.; Squires, R.R., The C3H5- isomers. Experimental and theoretical studies of the tautomeric propenyl ions and the cyclopropyl anion in the gas phase, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1986, 108, 2853. [all data]

Ji, Majors, et al., 1999
Ji, Z.; Majors, R.E.; Guthrie, E.J., Review. Porous layer open-tubular capillary columns: preparations, applications, and future directions, J. Chromatogr. A, 1999, 842, 1-2, 115-142, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00126-0 . [all data]

Do and Raulin, 1992
Do, L.; Raulin, F., Gas chromatography of Titan's atmosphere. III. Analysis of low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons and nitriles with a CP-Sil-5 CB WCOT capillary column, J. Chromatogr., 1992, 591, 1-2, 297-301, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(92)80247-R . [all data]

Do and Raulin, 1989
Do, L.; Raulin, F., Gas chromatography of Titan's atmosphere. I. Analysis of low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons and nitriles with a PoraPLOT Q porous polymer coated open-tubular capillary column, J. Chromatogr., 1989, 481, 45-54, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)96751-2 . [all data]

Nijs and Jacobs, 1981
Nijs, H.H.; Jacobs, P.A., On-Line Single Run Analysis of Effluents from a Fischer-Tropsch Reactor, J. Chromatogr. Sci., 1981, 19, 1, 40-45, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/19.1.40 . [all data]

Schröder, 1980
Schröder, I.H., Retention Indices of Hydrocarbons up to C14 for the Stationary Phase Squalane, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1980, 3, 1, 38-44, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240030115 . [all data]

Chrétien and Dubois, 1977
Chrétien, J.R.; Dubois, J.E., Topological analysis of gas-liquid chromatographic behavior of alkenes, Anal. Chem., 1977, 49, 6, 747-756, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50014a021 . [all data]

Matukuma, 1969
Matukuma, A., Retention indices of alkanes through C10 and alkenes through C8 and relation between boiling points and retention data, Gas Chromatogr., Int. Symp. Anal. Instrum. Div Instrum Soc. Amer., 1969, 7, 55-75. [all data]

Hively and Hinton, 1968
Hively, R.A.; Hinton, R.E., Variation of the retention index with temperature on squalane substrates, J. Gas Chromatogr., 1968, 6, 4, 203-217, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/6.4.203 . [all data]

Zulaïca and Guiochon, 1966
Zulaïca, J.; Guiochon, G., Analyse des hauts polymères par chromatographie en phase gazeuse de leurs produits de pyrolyse. II. Application à quelques hydrocarbures macromoléculaires purs, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1966, 4, 1351-1363. [all data]

Haagen-Smit Laboratory, 1997
Haagen-Smit Laboratory, Procedure for the detailed hydrocarbon analysis of gasolines by single column high efficiency (capillary) column gas chromatography, SOP NO. MLD 118, Revision No. 1.1, California Environmental Protection Agency, Air Resources Board, El Monte, California, 1997, 22. [all data]

Hoekman, 1993
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Notes

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