1-Heptanol

Data at NIST subscription sites:

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.


Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
MM - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner)
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi

Proton affinity at 298K

Proton affinity (kcal/mol) Reference Comment
191.Holmes, Aubry, et al., 1999MM

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
10.4 ± 0.1EIHaib and Stahl, 1990LL
9.84PEAshmore and Burgess, 1977LLK
10.35PEAshmore and Burgess, 1977Vertical value; LLK

De-protonation reactions

C7H15O- + Hydrogen cation = 1-Heptanol

By formula: C7H15O- + H+ = C7H16O

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr374.6 ± 2.1kcal/molG+TSHiggins and Bartmess, 1998gas phase; B
Δr373.8 ± 3.0kcal/molCIDCHaas and Harrison, 1993gas phase; Kinetic method gives energy-dependent results.; B
Δr372.5 ± 2.8kcal/molG+TSBoand, Houriet, et al., 1983gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr368.0 ± 2.0kcal/molIMREHiggins and Bartmess, 1998gas phase; B
Δr367.2 ± 3.1kcal/molH-TSHaas and Harrison, 1993gas phase; Kinetic method gives energy-dependent results.; B
Δr365.9 ± 2.7kcal/molCIDCBoand, Houriet, et al., 1983gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

Notice: This spectrum may be better viewed with a Javascript and HTML 5 enabled browser.

Mass spectrum
For Zoom
1.) Enter the desired X axis range (e.g., 100, 200)
2.) Check here for automatic Y scaling
3.) Press here to zoom

Additional Data

View image of digitized spectrum (can be printed in landscape orientation).

Due to licensing restrictions, this spectrum cannot be downloaded.

Owner NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin Japan AIST/NIMC Database- Spectrum MS-NW- 546
NIST MS number 228384

All mass spectra in this site (plus many more) are available from the NIST/EPA/NIH Mass Spectral Library. Please see the following for information about the library and its accompanying search program.


Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
PackedPMS-100090.942.Arutyunov, Kudryashov, et al., 2004N2, Chromaton N-AW-DMCS; Column length: 2. m
CapillarySE-30100.951.6Tudor, 199740. m/0.35 mm/0.35 μm
CapillaryOV-101150.933.2Cha and Lee, 1994Column length: 20. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillaryOV-101180.939.6Cha and Lee, 1994Column length: 20. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillaryOV-160.954.9Guan, Kiraly, et al., 198925. m/0.31 mm/0.52 μm, He
CapillaryOV-175.952.8Guan, Kiraly, et al., 198925. m/0.31 mm/0.52 μm, He
CapillarySE-5460.971.1Guan, Kiraly, et al., 198925. m/0.31 mm/0.52 μm, He
CapillarySE-5475.969.2Guan, Kiraly, et al., 198925. m/0.31 mm/0.52 μm, He
CapillaryCP Sil 5 CB240.981.Hanai and Hong, 198930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
CapillarySE-30180.950.Korhonen, 1986N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm
CapillarySE-30100.951.Haken and Korhonen, 1985Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm
CapillarySE-30120.950.Haken and Korhonen, 1985Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm
CapillarySE-30160.938.Haken and Korhonen, 1985Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm
CapillarySE-30180.966.Haken and Korhonen, 1985Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm
CapillarySE-3080.960.Haken and Korhonen, 1985Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm
PackedSE-30150.955.Tiess, 1984Ar, Gas Chrom Q (80-100 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedSE-30100.955.Winskowski, 1983Gaschrom Q; Column length: 2. m
PackedSE-30150.953.Haken, Nguyen, et al., 1979Celatom AW silanized; Column length: 3.7 m
PackedApiezon L120.932.Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978Celite 545
PackedApiezon L160.942.Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978Celite 545
PackedSE-30100.960.Pías and Gascó, 1975Ar, Chromosorb W AW DMCS HP (80-100 mesh); Column length: 1. m
PackedSE-30120.958.Pías and Gascó, 1975Ar, Chromosorb W AW DMCS HP (80-100 mesh); Column length: 1. m
PackedSE-30140.956.Pías and Gascó, 1975Ar, Chromosorb W AW DMCS HP (80-100 mesh); Column length: 1. m
PackedSE-30100.945.Zarazir, Chovin, et al., 1970Chromosorb W; Column length: 2. m
PackedSE-30140.955.Zarazir, Chovin, et al., 1970Chromosorb W; Column length: 2. m

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySE-54972.Rembold, Wallner, et al., 198930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 0. C @ 12. min, 12. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillarySE-30972.Greenberg, 1981He, 40. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm; Tend: 170. C
CapillarySE-30972.Greenberg, 1981He, 40. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm; Tend: 170. C
CapillarySE-30959.Greenberg, 1981, 2He, 70. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 170. C @ 5. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillarySE-30961.Greenberg, 1981, 2He, 70. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 170. C @ 5. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryBP-1960.Khan, Verma, et al., 200630. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, N2; Program: 60C => 5C/min => 220C (5min) => 3C/min => 245C(5min)

Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryCarbowax 20M150.1456.Tudor, Moldovan, et al., 1999Phase thickness: 0.08 μm
CapillaryCP-Wax240.1405.Hanai and Hong, 198925. m/0.25 mm/0.22 μm
CapillaryDB-Wax240.1468.Hanai and Hong, 198925. m/0.25 mm/0.22 μm
CapillaryOV-351180.1427.Korhonen, 1986N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryOV-351100.1453.Haken and Korhonen, 1985N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryOV-351120.1427.Haken and Korhonen, 1985N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryOV-351140.1459.Haken and Korhonen, 1985N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryOV-351160.1467.Haken and Korhonen, 1985N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryOV-351180.1444.Haken and Korhonen, 1985N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryOV-351200.1461.Haken and Korhonen, 1985N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryOV-35180.1452.Haken and Korhonen, 1985N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
PackedPEG-2000120.1431.Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedPEG-2000150.1425.Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedPEG-2000152.1460.Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedPEG-2000179.1450.Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedPEG-2000180.1423.Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedPEG-2000200.1437.Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedCarbowax 20M100.1450.Zarazir, Chovin, et al., 1970Chromosorb W; Column length: 2. m
PackedCarbowax 20M140.1452.Zarazir, Chovin, et al., 1970Chromosorb W; Column length: 2. m

Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-Wax1461.Tatsuka, Suekane, et al., 199060. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1462.Tatsuka, Suekane, et al., 199060. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1441.Tressl, Friese, et al., 1978He, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; Tstart: 70. C; Tend: 190. C

Kovats' RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1460.Brander, Kepner, et al., 1980Program: not specified
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1463.Brander, Kepner, et al., 1980Program: not specified

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySPB-5970.Engel and Ratel, 200760. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-5970.Methven L., Tsoukka M., et al., 200760. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 260. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-5971.Wu, Zorn, et al., 200730. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
CapillaryCP-Sil 8CB-MS973.Elmore, Cooper, et al., 20050. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min
CapillaryHP-5MS969.Pino, Mesa, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
CapillarySPB-5969.Pino, Marbot, et al., 200430. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
CapillaryHP-5MS975.Weissbecker, Holighaus, et al., 200430. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 1.5 min, 6. K/min, 200. C @ 5. min
CapillaryHP-5MS970.Lalel, Singh, et al., 200360. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 1. min, 3. K/min, 310. C @ 20. min
CapillaryDB-1951.8Sun and Stremple, 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 325. C
CapillaryDB-5966.7Xu, van Stee, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 2.5 K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillarySE-30963.Golovnya, Samusenko, et al., 200125. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 60. C
CapillarySE-30958.Golovnya, Samusenko, et al., 200125. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 60. C
CapillarySE-30959.Golovnya, Samusenko, et al., 200125. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 6. K/min; Tstart: 60. C
CapillarySE-30960.Golovnya, Samusenko, et al., 200125. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 8. K/min; Tstart: 60. C
CapillaryCP Sil 5 CB949.Pino, Marbot, et al., 200150. m/0.32 mm/0.4 μm, He, 60. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 280. C @ 60. min
CapillaryHP-5968.David, Scanlan, et al., 200050. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 290. C
CapillaryCP Sil 8 CB971.Elmore, Mottram, et al., 200060. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 280. C
CapillaryDB-1952.2Helmig, Klinger, et al., 199960. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, -50. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min; Tend: 175. C
CapillaryHP-1953.3Siegmund and Pfannhauser, 199925. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 2. min; Tstart: 35. C
CapillaryHP-5970.6Siegmund and Pfannhauser, 199930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 5.3 K/min, 250. C @ 2. min; Tstart: 35. C
CapillaryDB-1954.Coen, Engel, et al., 199530. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 3. K/min; Tstart: 150. C; Tend: 280. C
CapillaryDB-1974.Peng, 199215. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 4. min, 8. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryOV-101949.0Wang and Sun, 198726.5 m/0.25 mm/0.14 μm, 70. C @ 4.08 min, 9. K/min; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryOV-101953.20Wang, Zhong, et al., 198724. m/0.26 mm/0.5 μm, 6. K/min; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryDB-5967.Rostad and Pereira, 198630. m/0.26 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 6. K/min, 300. C @ 20. min
CapillaryOV-101951.Wang and Sun, 19852. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.27 mm; Tstart: 110. C
CapillaryOV-101950.Wang and Sun, 19852. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.27 mm; Tstart: 125. C
CapillaryOV-101953.Wang and Sun, 19852. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.27 mm; Tstart: 95. C
CapillaryCP Sil 5 CB956.Hendriks and Bruins, 19834. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; Tstart: 70. C; Tend: 205. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryVF-5MS977.2Tret'yakov, 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: Multi-step temperature program; T(initial)=60C; T(final)=270C
CapillaryVF-5MS962.Carasek and Pawliszyn, 200630. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 5C/min => 200C (2min) => 30C/min => 260C
CapillaryDB-5969.Beaulieu and Grimm, 200130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50C (1min) => 5C/min => 100C => 10C/min => 250C (9min)
CapillaryCP-Sil 8CB-MS974.Elmore, Mottram, et al., 2000, 260. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 0C(5min) => 40C/min => 40C (2min) => 4C/min => 280C
CapillaryDB-5978.Parker, Hassell, et al., 200050. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: oC(5min) => 60C/min => 60C (5min) => 4C/min => 250C
CapillaryBPX-5984.Elmore, Mottram, et al., 199950. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 0C(5min) => 40C/min => 40C(2min) => 4C/min => 280C
CapillarySE-52969.Mondello, Dugo, et al., 199560. m/0.32 mm/0.40 μm, He; Program: 45 C (6 min) 3 C/min -> 111 0C 2 C/min -> 160 C 3 C/min -> 300 C (15 min)
CapillaryMethyl Silicone974.Peng, Yang, et al., 1991Program: not specified
PackedSE-30974.Peng, Ding, et al., 1988Supelcoport; Chromosorb; Column length: 3.05 m; Program: 40C(5min) => 10C/min => 200C or 250C (60min)

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-Wax1465.Pozo-Bayon M.A., Ruiz-Rodriguez A., et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 15. min
CapillaryZB-Wax1462.Wu, Zorn, et al., 200730. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
CapillaryDB-Wax1447.Fernandez-Segovia, Escriche, et al., 200630. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 230. C @ 25. min
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB1446.Alasalvar, Taylor, et al., 200560. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 35. C @ 4. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 203. C
CapillaryOV-3511439.Bonvehí, 200550. m/0.32 mm/0.2 μm, He, 5. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillarySupelcowax-101452.Elmore, Nisyrios, et al., 200560. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 280. C
CapillaryInnowax1459.Pena, Barciela, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 200. C @ 2. min
CapillaryOV-3511439.Bonvehi and Coll, 200350. m/0.32 mm/0.2 μm, He, 5. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryZB-Wax1439.Brunton, Cronin, et al., 200260. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillarySupelcowax-101456.Chung, Yung, et al., 200260. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min
CapillarySupelcowax-101456.Chung, Yung, et al., 200160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min
CapillaryAT-Wax1443.Pino, Marbot, et al., 200160. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 65. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 60. min
CapillaryDB-Wax1457.Wirth, Guo, et al., 200130. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 60. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min, 245. C @ 20. min
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB1460.Chevance, Farmer, et al., 200060. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB1439.Jensen, Christensen, et al., 200050. m/0.25 mm/0.2 μm, He, 30. C @ 1.3 min, 2. K/min; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1470.Le Guen, Prost, et al., 200060. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB1450.Chevance and Farmer, 199960. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillarySupelcowax-101457.Chung, 199960. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min
CapillaryDB-Wax1421.Ollé, Baumes, et al., 199830. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, 40. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min, 245. C @ 20. min
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1440.Mondello, Dugo, et al., 199560. m/0.32 mm/0.425 μm, He, 45. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min, 300. C @ 20. min
CapillaryDB-Wax1440.Shimoda, Shigematsu, et al., 199560. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 230. C
CapillarySupelcowax-101455.Chung and Cadwallader, 199360. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 40. min
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1440.Peng, 19928. K/min, 200. C @ 60. min; Column length: 3.05 m; Tstart: 40. C
PackedCarbowax 20M1440.Peng, Yang, et al., 1991Supelcoport, 40. C @ 4. min, 8. K/min; Column length: 3.05 m; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1458.Frohlich and Schreier, 199030. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1441.Schwab, Mahr, et al., 198930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryCP-WAX 57CB1460.Salter L.J., Mottram D.S., et al., 198860. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tend: 200. C
CapillarySupelcowax-101462.Vejaphan, Hsieh, et al., 198860. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 175. C @ 20. min
CapillarySupelcowax-101463.Vejaphan, Hsieh, et al., 198860. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 175. C @ 20. min
CapillaryPEG-20M1445.7Wang and Sun, 1987, 225. m/0.26 mm/0.3 μm, 2. K/min; Tstart: 100. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryPEG-20M1452.9Wang and Sun, 1987, 225. m/0.26 mm/0.3 μm, 2. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryPEG-20M1450.3Wang and Sun, 1987, 225. m/0.26 mm/0.3 μm, 8. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryPEG-20M1447.4Wang and Sun, 19852. K/min; Column length: 62. m; Column diameter: 0.27 mm; Tstart: 100. C
CapillaryPEG-20M1449.8Wang and Sun, 19853. K/min; Column length: 62. m; Column diameter: 0.27 mm; Tstart: 70. C
CapillaryPEG-20M1449.3Wang and Sun, 19854. K/min; Column length: 62. m; Column diameter: 0.27 mm; Tstart: 70. C
CapillaryPEG-20M1449.2Wang and Sun, 19852. K/min; Column length: 62. m; Column diameter: 0.27 mm; Tstart: 80. C
CapillaryPEG-20M1448.4Wang and Sun, 19852. K/min; Column length: 62. m; Column diameter: 0.27 mm; Tstart: 90. C
PackedCarbowax 20M1424.van den Dool and Kratz, 1963Celite 545, 4.6 K/min; Tstart: 75. C; Tend: 228. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySupelcowax-101460.Bianchi, Careri, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB1439.Kaack, Christensen, et al., 200550. m/0.25 mm/0.2 μm, He; Program: 33C(1.5min) => 1.5C/min => 60C(4min) => 2C/min => 100C => 8C/min => 220C(15min)
CapillaryDB-Wax1444.Ferrari, Lablanquie, et al., 200460. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(0.7min) => 20C/min => 70C => 4C/min => 240C
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB1447.Alasalvar, Shahidi, et al., 200360. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C => 5C/min => 60C => 2.5C/min => 155C
CapillaryDB-Wax1459.Ziegleder, 2001He; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: 45C(4min) => 30C/min => 60C (5min) => 3C/min => 220C (40min)

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane105.950.Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009 
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane75.953.Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009 
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane90.951.Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009 
PackedSE-30100.960.Zhou and Wu, 2007Column length: 1. m
PackedSE-30100.960.Pias Barbeira and Gasco, 1975Argon, Chromosorb W AW DMCS (80-100 mesh); Column length: 1. m

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryHP-5 MS969.Kotowska, Zalikowski, et al., 201230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 35. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 300. C @ 15. min
CapillaryVF-5 MS973.Leffingwell and Alford, 201160. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 28. min; Tstart: 30. C
CapillaryVF-5 MS977.Leffingwell and Alford, 201160. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 28. min; Tstart: 30. C
CapillaryVF-5 MS975.Liu, Lu, et al., 201130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 3. min
CapillaryHP-5 MS967.Radulovic, Blagojevic, et al., 201030. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 5. K/min, 290. C @ 10. min; Tstart: 70. C
CapillaryRTX-5976.Setkova, Risticevic, et al., 200710. m/0.18 mm/0.2 μm, He, 40. C @ 0.5 min, 50. K/min, 275. C @ 0.5 min
CapillarySPB-5970.Vasta, Ratel, et al., 200760. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 5. min
CapillaryHP-1953.Castel, Fernandez, et al., 200650. m/0.2 mm/0.5 μm, He, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 120. min; Tstart: 60. C
CapillaryDB-5989.Fan and Qian, 200630. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, N2, 40. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min, 230. C @ 15. min
CapillaryMDN-5971.van Loon, Linssen, et al., 200560. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min, 270. C @ 5. min
CapillarySPB-5969.Pino, Marbot, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
CapillaryHP-5971.N/A30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
CapillaryDB-5970.Dhanda, Pegg, et al., 200360. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 280. C @ 4. min
CapillaryMDN-5974.Mildner-Szkudlarz, Jelen, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 1. min, 20. K/min, 280. C @ 1. min
CapillarySPB-5969.Pino, Marbot, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
CapillaryRSL-200952.Jirovetz, Puschmann, et al., 200060. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 6. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillarySE-30951.Zhou, Robards, et al., 200010. K/min, 300. C @ 4. min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 50. C
CapillaryHP-5972.Boylston and Viniyard, 199850. m/0.32 mm/0.52 μm, 35. C @ 15. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 45. min
CapillaryOV-101957.Egolf and Jurs, 19932. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryUltra-2978.King, Hamilton, et al., 199350. m/0.32 mm/0.52 μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 30. min
CapillaryDB-5972.Lee, Macku, et al., 199160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryOV-101957.Anker, Jurs, et al., 19902. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryHP-1952.2Yin and Sun, 199012. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, 40. C @ 0.395 min, 16. K/min
CapillaryHP-1952.0Yin and Sun, 199012. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, 40. C @ 0.4 min, 4. K/min
CapillaryHP-1952.4Yin and Sun, 199012. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, 40. C @ 0.801 min, 8. K/min
CapillaryHP-1952.9Yin and Sun, 199025. m/0.32 mm/0.52 μm, 40. C @ 0.8 min, 8. K/min
CapillaryHP-1956.4Yin and Sun, 199050. m/0.2 mm/0.11 μm, 40. C @ 3.194 min, 6. K/min
CapillaryOV-101951.Sugisawa, Yamamoto, et al., 1989N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-1955.Habu, Flath, et al., 19853. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tstart: 0. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryDB-1953.Habu, Flath, et al., 19853. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryDB-1951.Flath, Mon, et al., 198350. C @ 0.1 min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillarySE-30960.Heydanek and McGorrin, 198140. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm; Tend: 170. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryTR-5 MS973.Kurashov, Mitrukova, et al., 201415. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 35 0C (3 min) 2 0C/min -> 60 0C (3 min) 2 0C/min -> 80 0C (3 min) 4 0C/min -> 120 0C (3 min) 5 0C/min -> 150 0C (3 min) 15 0C/min -> 240 0C (10 min)
CapillaryHP-5 MS970.Kotowska, Zalikowski, et al., 201230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane with 5 % Ph groups970.Robinson, Adams, et al., 2012Program: not specified
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane with 5 % Ph groups975.Robinson, Adams, et al., 2012Program: not specified
CapillaryVF-5 MS967.Liu, Lu, et al., 201130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryBPX-5983.se Souza, Cardeal, et al., 200930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 35 0C (5 min) 3 0C/min -> 210 0C 40 0C/min -> 240 0C (10 min)
CapillaryBPX-5970.se Souza, Cardeal, et al., 200930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1946.Yu, Li, et al., 2009Helium; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: 40 0C 2 0C/min -> 130 0C (5 min) 10 0C/min -> 230 0C (15 min)
CapillaryHP-5974.Zhao, Li, et al., 200830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 5 0C/min -> 80 0C 7 oC/min -> 160 0C 9 0C/min -> 200 0C 20 0C/min -> 280 0C (10 min)
CapillaryHP-5970.Zhao, Li, et al., 200830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-5 MS972.Cajka, Hajslova, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 45 0C (0.75 min) 10 0C/min -> 200 0C 30 0C/min -> 245 0C (1.25 min)
CapillaryBP-5968.Hashemi, Abolghasemi, et al., 200730. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C => 4C/min => 150C => 10C/min => 220C
CapillaryDB-1961.Lin, Peng, et al., 200760. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2; Program: 40C(1min) => 5C/min => 150C => 10C/min => 200C(9min)
CapillaryDB-5 MS969.Liu, Xu, et al., 200760. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 6 0C/min -> 100 0C 4 0C/min -> 180 0C 8 0C/min -> 250 0C (12 min)
CapillaryHP-5964.Splivallo, Bossi, et al., 2007He; Program: 50C => 3C/min => 200C(10min) => 10C/min => 290C(10min)
Capillary5 % Phenyl methyl siloxane969.Beaulieu J.C. and Lea J.M., 200630. m/0.25 mm/0.75 μm; Program: 50C(1min) => 5C/min => 100C => 10C/min => 190C => 30C/min => 250C(1min)
CapillaryCP-Sil5 CB MS947.Iraqi, Vermeulen, et al., 200550. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm; Program: 36C(2min) => 20C/min => 85C => 1C/min => 145C => 3C/min => 250C(30min)
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane with 5 % Ph groups969.Pino, Marbot, et al., 2005, 2Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone960.Fu and Wang, 2004Program: not specified
CapillaryHP-5970.Garcia-Estaban, Ansorena, et al., 200450. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm; Program: 40C(10min) => 5C/min => 200C => 20C/min => 250C(5min)
CapillarySE-30953.Vinogradov, 2004Program: not specified
CapillarySE-30953.Vinogradov, 2004Program: not specified
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane955.Junkes, Castanho, et al., 2003Program: not specified
CapillaryBPX-5970.Machiels, van Ruth, et al., 200360. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40C (4min) => 2C/min => 90C => 4C/min => 130C => 8C/min => 250 C (10min)
CapillaryHP-5968.4David, Scanlan, et al., 200250. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm, He; Program: not specified
CapillaryCP Sil 5 CB947.Guyot-Declerck, Renson, et al., 200250. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm, He; Program: 36C => 20C/min => 85C => 1C/min => 145C => 3C/min => 250C
CapillaryBPX-5978.Sides, Robards, et al., 200130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50C(2min) => 10C/min => 110C => 5.7C/min => 200C => 40C/min => 250C(5min)
CapillarySPB-1953.Flanagan, Streete, et al., 199760. m/0.53 mm/5. μm, He; Program: 40C(6min) => 5C/min => 80C => 10C/min => 200C
CapillaryDB-1957.Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 199460. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-1957.Ciccioli, Brancaleoni, et al., 199360. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 3 min at 5 C; 5 - 50 C at 3 deg/min; 50 - 220 C at 5 deg/min
CapillarySPB-1953.Strete, Ruprah, et al., 199260. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (6 min) 5 0C/min -> 80 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C
CapillarySPB-1955.Strete, Ruprah, et al., 199260. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillarySE-54980.Um, Bailey, et al., 1992He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 35 0C (5 min) 8 0C/min -> 200 0C 2 0C/min -> 250 0C
CapillaryDB-1951.Binder, Flath, et al., 1989Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-101967.Shibamoto, 1987Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.953.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.955.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillarySF-96973.Fagan, Kepner, et al., 1982He; Program: not specified
CapillarySF-96980.Fagan, Kepner, et al., 1982He; Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryHP-Innowax1457.Feng, Zhuang, et al., 201160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 1. min, 3. K/min, 220. C @ 5. min
CapillaryVF-Wax MS1449.Duarte, Dias, et al., 201060. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 220. C @ 25. min
CapillaryCP-Wax1440.Mo, Fan, et al., 200960. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min, 230. C @ 15. min
CapillaryInnowax1468.Kaypak and Avsar, 200830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 15. min
CapillaryHP-Innowax1458.Soria, Sanz, et al., 200850. m/0.20 mm/0.20 μm, Helium, 45. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 190. C @ 50. min
CapillaryBP-201464.Rawat, Gulati, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 70. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 5. min
CapillaryDB-Wax1443.Fan and Qian, 2006, 230. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 230. C @ 15. min
CapillaryDB-Wax1458.Fan and Qian, 200630. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 40. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min, 230. C @ 15. min
CapillaryZB-Wax1471.Wierda R.L., Fletcher G., et al., 200660. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 3. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-Wax1457.Fan and Qian, 200530. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 230. C @ 5. min
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1449.de la Fuente, Martinez-Castro, et al., 200550. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 190. C @ 30. min
CapillaryZB-Wax1462.N/A30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
CapillaryPEG-20M1459.Narain, Almeida, et al., 200450. m/0.20 mm/0.20 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 180. C @ 30. min
CapillaryHP-Innowax1454.Soria, Gonzalez, et al., 200450. m/0.2 mm/0.2 μm, He, 45. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 190. C @ 50. min
CapillaryDB-Wax1455.Hayata, Sakamoto, et al., 200260. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 220. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-Wax1462.Chyau and Mau, 200160. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 5. min, 1.5 K/min, 210. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-Wax1453.Weckerle, Bastl-Borrmann, et al., 200130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 220. C
CapillarySupelcowax-101457.Girard and Durance, 200060. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 10. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1439.Xue, Ye, et al., 2000He, 60. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 190. C @ 20. min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm
CapillaryInnowax1463.Kaya, Baser, et al., 199960. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 10. min; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1467.Wada and Shibamoto, 1997He, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 40. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 50. C
CapillarySupelcowax-101452.Wong and Lai, 199660. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 30. min
CapillaryDB-Wax1467.Chung, Eiserich, et al., 199360. C @ 4. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1419.Egolf and Jurs, 19932. K/min; Column length: 80. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Tstart: 70. C; Tend: 170. C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1419.Anker, Jurs, et al., 19902. K/min; Column length: 80. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Tstart: 70. C; Tend: 170. C
CapillarySP-10001458.De Llano D.G., Ramos M., et al., 199025. m/0.2 mm/0.43 μm, N2, 4. K/min, 190. C @ 30. min; Tstart: 60. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1456.Binder, Flath, et al., 198950. C @ 0.1 min, 4. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryDB-Wax1460.Takeoka, Flath, et al., 198860. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 30. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1460.Takeoka, Flath, et al., 198860. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 30. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 180. C

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-Wax1467.Welke, Manfroi, et al., 201230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-Wax1470.Welke, Manfroi, et al., 201230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryHP-Innowax1456.Feng, Zhuang, et al., 201160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryCP-Wax 52 CB1439.Kaack and Christensen, 200850. m/0.25 mm/0.29 μm, Helium; Program: 33 0C (1 min) 2 0C/min -> 130 0C 10 0C/min -> 220 0C
CapillaryDB-Wax1450.Yongsheng, Hua, et al., 200830. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (4 min) 3 0C/min -> 50 0C 5 0C/min -> 120 0C 7 0C/min -> 175 0C 10 0C/min -> 230 0C (8 min)
CapillaryHP-Innowax1436.Narain, Galvao, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 30C(5min) => 7C/min => 100C(5min) => 1C/min => 130C => 10C/min => 195C(45min)
CapillaryHP-Innowax1440.Narain, Galvao, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 30C(5min) => 7C/min => 100C(5min) => 1C/min => 130C => 10C/min => 195C(45min)
CapillarySupelcowax-101462.Vichi, Guadayol, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(3min) => 4C/min => 75C => 8C/min => 250C(5min)
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB1460.Jales, Maia, et al., 2005Hydrogen; Program: not specified
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1453.Vinogradov, 2004Program: not specified
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1429.Vinogradov, 2004Program: not specified
CapillaryHP-Innowax1463.Baser, Demirci, et al., 200260. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60 0C (10 min) 4 K/min -> 220 0C (10 min) 1 K/min -> 240 0C
CapillaryInnowax1468.Baser, Özek, et al., 200060. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60 0C (10 min) 4 K/min -> 220 0C (10 min) 1 K/min -> 240 0C
CapillaryDB-Wax1454.Caldentey, Daria Fumi, et al., 199830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 25C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C
CapillaryDB-Wax1459.Ziegleder, 1998He; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: 45C(4min) => 30C/min => 60C (5min) => 3C/min => 220C(40min)
CapillaryCP-Wax 52 CB1467.Carro Marino, López Tamames, et al., 1995H2; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 60 0C 2 0C/min -> 220 0C 3 0C/min -> 245 0C
CapillarySupelcowax-101419.Chang, Seitz, et al., 199530. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50C(2min) => 7C/min => 140C => 17.5C/min => 230C
CapillaryCP Wax 52 CB1452.Patterson and Stevenson, 199550. m/0.32 mm/0.20 μm; Program: 50 0C (10 min) 2 0C/min -> 100 0C 5 0C/min -> 150 0C 7 0C/min -> 220 0C (20 min)
CapillaryDB-Wax1440.Peng, Yang, et al., 1991, 2Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-Wax1470.Peng, Yang, et al., 1991, 2Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-Wax1455.Binder, Flath, et al., 1989Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1419.Shibamoto, 1987Program: not specified
CapillaryCarbowax 400, Carbowax 20M, Carbowax 1540, Carbowax 4000, Superox 06, PEG 20M, etc.1449.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryCarbowax 400, Carbowax 20M, Carbowax 1540, Carbowax 4000, Superox 06, PEG 20M, etc.1450.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1430.Fagan, Kepner, et al., 1982He; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1441.Fagan, Kepner, et al., 1982He; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: not specified

Lee's RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-5MS154.52Chen, Keeran, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, 40. C @ 1. min, 10. K/min; Tend: 310. C
CapillaryDB-5MS157.77Chen, Keeran, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, 40. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 310. C
CapillaryDB-5155.86Rostad and Pereira, 198630. m/0.26 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 6. K/min, 300. C @ 20. min

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Holmes, Aubry, et al., 1999
Holmes, J.L.; Aubry, C.; Mayer, P.M., Proton affinities of primary alkanols: An appraisal of the kinetic method, J. Phys. Chem. A, 1999, 103, 705. [all data]

Haib and Stahl, 1990
Haib, J.; Stahl, D., The loss of water from ionized heptanols in the gas phase, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1990, 25, 592. [all data]

Ashmore and Burgess, 1977
Ashmore, F.S.; Burgess, A.R., Study of Some Medium Size Alcohols and Hydroperoxides by Photoelectron Spectroscopy, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2, 1977, 73, 1247. [all data]

Higgins and Bartmess, 1998
Higgins, P.R.; Bartmess, J.E., The Gas Phase Acidities of Long Chain Alcohols., Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 1998, 175, 1-2, 71-79, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1176(98)00125-6 . [all data]

Haas and Harrison, 1993
Haas, M.J.; Harrison, A.G., The Fragmentation of Proton-Bound Cluster Ions and the Gas-Phase Acidities of Alcohols, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc., 1993, 124, 2, 115, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(93)80003-W . [all data]

Boand, Houriet, et al., 1983
Boand, G.; Houriet, R.; Baumann, T., The gas phase acidity of aliphatic alcohols, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1983, 105, 2203. [all data]

Arutyunov, Kudryashov, et al., 2004
Arutyunov, Y.I.; Kudryashov, S.Y.; Onuchak, L.A., Analysis of Mixtures Containing Unknown Components by Gas Chromatography: Determination of Molecular Mass, J. Anal. Chem. USSR (Engl. Transl.), 2004, 59, 4, 358-365. [all data]

Tudor, 1997
Tudor, E., Temperature dependence of the retention index for perfumery compounds on a SE-30 glass capillary column. I. Linear equations, J. Chromatogr. A, 1997, 779, 1-2, 287-297, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(97)00453-6 . [all data]

Cha and Lee, 1994
Cha, K.-W.; Lee, D.-J., Prediction of retention indices of various compounds in gas-liquid chromatography, J. Korean Chem. Soc., 1994, 38, 2, 108-120, retrieved from http://journal.kcsnet.or.kr/publi/dh/dh94n2/108.pdf. [all data]

Guan, Kiraly, et al., 1989
Guan, Y.; Kiraly, J.; Rijks, J.A., Interactive retention index database for compound identification in temperature-programmed capillary gas chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1989, 472, 129-143, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)94101-3 . [all data]

Hanai and Hong, 1989
Hanai, T.; Hong, C., Structure-retention correlation in CGC, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1989, 12, 5, 327-332, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240120517 . [all data]

Korhonen, 1986
Korhonen, I.O.O., Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Analyses. XLVIII. Benzyl, (±)-1-Phenylethyl and 2-Phenylethyl Alcohols and the Corresponding Esters of Benzoic Acid and Its 2-, 3- and 4-Chloro, Pentafluoro, 4-Nitro and 3,5-Dinitro Derivatives on SE-30 and OV-351 Capillary Columns, J. Chromatogr., 1986, 363, 277-292. [all data]

Haken and Korhonen, 1985
Haken, J.K.; Korhonen, I.O.O., Gas chromatography of homologous esters. XXVII. Retention increments of C1-C18 primary alkanols and their 2-chloropropanoyl and 3-chloropropanoyl derivatives on SE-30 and OV-351 capillary columns, J. Chromatogr., 1985, 319, 131-142, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)90548-5 . [all data]

Tiess, 1984
Tiess, D., Gaschromatographische Retentionsindices von 125 leicht- bis mittelflüchtigen organischen Substanzen toxikologisch-analytischer Relevanz auf SE-30, Wiss. Z. Wilhelm-Pieck-Univ. Rostock Math. Naturwiss. Reihe, 1984, 33, 6-9. [all data]

Winskowski, 1983
Winskowski, J., Gaschromatographische Identifizierung von Stoffen anhand von Indexziffem und unterschiedlichen Detektoren, Chromatographia, 1983, 17, 3, 160-165, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02271041 . [all data]

Haken, Nguyen, et al., 1979
Haken, J.K.; Nguyen, A.; Wainwright, M.S., Application of linear extrathermodynamic relationships to alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, amd ethoxy alcohols, J. Chromatogr., 1979, 179, 1, 75-85, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)80658-5 . [all data]

Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978
Bogoslovsky, Yu.N.; Anvaer, B.I.; Vigdergauz, M.S., Chromatographic constants in gas chromatography (in Russian), Standards Publ. House, Moscow, 1978, 192. [all data]

Pías and Gascó, 1975
Pías, J.B.; Gascó, L., GC Retention Data of Alcohols and Benzoyl Derivatives of Alcohols, J. Chromatogr. - Chrom. Data, 1975, d14-d16. [all data]

Zarazir, Chovin, et al., 1970
Zarazir, D.; Chovin, P.; Guiochon, G., Identification of hydroxylic compounds and their derivatives by gas chromatography, Chromatographia, 1970, 3, 4, 180-195, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02269018 . [all data]

Rembold, Wallner, et al., 1989
Rembold, H.; Wallner, P.; Nitz, S.; Kollmannsberger, H.; Drawert, F., Volatile components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seed, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1989, 37, 3, 659-662, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00087a018 . [all data]

Greenberg, 1981
Greenberg, M.J., Characterization of meat and bone meal flavor volatiles, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1981, 29, 6, 1276-1280, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00108a043 . [all data]

Greenberg, 1981, 2
Greenberg, M.J., Characterization of poultry byproduct meal flavor volatiles, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1981, 29, 4, 831-834, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00106a038 . [all data]

Khan, Verma, et al., 2006
Khan, M.; Verma, S.C.; Srivastava, S.K.; Shawl, A.S.; Syamsundar, K.V.; Khanuja, S.P.S.; Kumar, T., Essential oil composition of Taxus wallichiana Zucc. from the Northern Himalayan region of India, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 5, 772-775, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1682 . [all data]

Tudor, Moldovan, et al., 1999
Tudor, E.; Moldovan, D.; Zârna, N., Temperature dependence of the retention index for perfumery compounds on two carbowax-20M glass capillary columns with different film thickness. 2, Rev. Roum. Chim., 1999, 44, 7, 665-675. [all data]

Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973
Anderson, A.; Jurel, S.; Shymanska, M.; Golender, L., Gas-liquid chromatography of some aliphatic and heterocyclic mono- and pollyfunctional amines. VII. Retention indices of amines in some polar and unpolar stationary phases, Latv. PSR Zinat. Akad. Vestis Kim. Ser., 1973, 1, 51-63. [all data]

Tatsuka, Suekane, et al., 1990
Tatsuka, K.; Suekane, S.; Sakai, Y.; Sumitani, H., Volatile constituents of kiwi fruit flowers: simultaneous distillation and extraction versus headspace sampling, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1990, 38, 12, 2176-2180, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00102a015 . [all data]

Tressl, Friese, et al., 1978
Tressl, R.; Friese, L.; Fendesack, F.; Köppler, H., Studies of the volatile composition of hops during storage, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1978, 26, 6, 1426-1430, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60220a036 . [all data]

Brander, Kepner, et al., 1980
Brander, C.F.; Kepner, R.E.; Webb, A.D., Identification of Some Volatile Compounds of Wine of Vitis Vinifera Cultivar Pinot Noir, Am. J. Enol. Vitic, 1980, 31, 1, 69-75. [all data]

Engel and Ratel, 2007
Engel, E.; Ratel, J., Correction of the data generated by mass spectrometry analyses of biological tissues: Application to food authentication, J. Chromatogr. A, 2007, 1154, 1-2, 331-341, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2007.02.012 . [all data]

Methven L., Tsoukka M., et al., 2007
Methven L.; Tsoukka M.; Oruna-Concha M.J.; Parker J.K.; Mottram D.S., Influence of sulfur amino acids on the volatile and nonvolatile components of cooked salmon (Salmo salar), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 4, 1427-1436, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0625611 . [all data]

Wu, Zorn, et al., 2007
Wu, S.; Zorn, H.; Krings, U.; Berger, R.G., Volatiles from submerged and surface-cultured beefsteak fungus, Fistulina hepatica, Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 1, 53-60, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1758 . [all data]

Elmore, Cooper, et al., 2005
Elmore, J.S.; Cooper, S.L.; Enser, M.; Mottram, D.S.; Sinclair, L.A.; Wilkinson, R.G.; Wood, J.D., Dietary manipulation of fatty acid composition in lamb meat and its effect on the volatile aroma compounds of grilled lamb, Meat Sci., 2005, 69, 2, 233-242, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2004.07.002 . [all data]

Pino, Mesa, et al., 2005
Pino, J.A.; Mesa, J.; Muñoz, Y.; Martí, M.P.; Marbot, R., Volatile components from mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 6, 2213-2223, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0402633 . [all data]

Pino, Marbot, et al., 2004
Pino, J.A.; Marbot, R.; Rosado, A.; Vázquez, C., Volatile constituents of Malay rose apple [Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. Perry], Flavour Fragr. J., 2004, 19, 1, 32-35, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1269 . [all data]

Weissbecker, Holighaus, et al., 2004
Weissbecker, B.; Holighaus, G.; Schütz, S., Gas chromatography with mass spectrometric and electroantennographic detection: analysis of wood odorants by direct coupling of insect olfaction and mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 2004, 1056, 1-2, 209-216, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2004.06.120 . [all data]

Lalel, Singh, et al., 2003
Lalel, H.J.D.; Singh, Z.; Chye Tan, S., Glycosidically-bound aroma volatile compounds in the skin and pulp of 'Kensington Pride' mango fruit at different stages of maturity, Postharvest Biol. Technol., 2003, 29, 2, 205-218, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5214(02)00250-8 . [all data]

Sun and Stremple, 2003
Sun, G.; Stremple, P., Retention index characterization of flavor, fragrance, and many other compounds on DB-1 and DB-XLB, 2003, retrieved from http://www.chem.agilent.com/cag/cabu/pdf/b-0279.pdf. [all data]

Xu, van Stee, et al., 2003
Xu, X.; van Stee, L.L.P.; Williams, J.; Beens, J.; Adahchour, M.; Vreuls, R.J.J.; Brinkman, U.A.Th.; Lelieveld, J., Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) measurements of volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2003, 3, 3, 665-682, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-665-2003 . [all data]

Golovnya, Samusenko, et al., 2001
Golovnya, R.V.; Samusenko, A.L.; Kuz'menko, T.E., The use of a nonlinear equation for calculation of the retention indices of polar substances in gas chromatography with linear temperature programming, Russ. Chem. Bull. (Engl. Transl.), 2001, 50, 6, 1027-1031, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011317218604 . [all data]

Pino, Marbot, et al., 2001
Pino, J.A.; Marbot, R.; Vázquez, C., Characterization of volatiles in strawberry guava (Psidium cattleianum Sabine) fruit, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 12, 5883-5887, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010414r . [all data]

David, Scanlan, et al., 2000
David, F.; Scanlan, F.; Sandra, P., Retention time locking in flavor analysis, Proceedings 23rd ISCC; CD-ROM, 2000, retrieved from http://www.richrom.com/assets/CD23PDF. [all data]

Elmore, Mottram, et al., 2000
Elmore, J.S.; Mottram, D.S.; Hierro, E., Two-fibre solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the analysis of volatile aroma compounds in cooked pork, J. Chromatogr. A, 2000, 905, 1-2, 233-240, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00990-0 . [all data]

Helmig, Klinger, et al., 1999
Helmig, D.; Klinger, L.F.; Guenther, A.; Vierling, L.; Geron, C.; Zimmerman, P., Biogenic volatile organic compound emissions (BVOCs). I. Identifications from three continental sites in the U.S., Chemosphere, 1999, 38, 9, 2163-2187, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(98)00425-1 . [all data]

Siegmund and Pfannhauser, 1999
Siegmund, B.; Pfannhauser, W., Changes of the volatile fraction of cooked chicken meat during chill storing: results obtained by the electronic nose in comparison to GC-MS and GC olfactometry, Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. A, 1999, 208, 5-6, 336-341, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002170050426 . [all data]

Coen, Engel, et al., 1995
Coen, M.; Engel, R.; Nahrstedt, A., Chavicol β-D-glucoside, a phenylpropanoid heteroside, benzyl-β-D-glucoside and glycosidically bound volatiles from subspecies of Cedronella canariensis, Phytochemistry, 1995, 40, 1, 149-155, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00241-X . [all data]

Peng, 1992
Peng, C.T., A method for tentative identificatoin of unknown gas chromatographic peaks by retention index, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 1992, 160, 2, 449-460, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02037120 . [all data]

Wang and Sun, 1987
Wang, T.; Sun, Y., Reproducibility of Temperature-Programmed Retention Indices on Several OV-101 Columns, J. Chromatogr., 1987, 407, 79-86, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)92606-8 . [all data]

Wang, Zhong, et al., 1987
Wang, T.; Zhong, B.; Chen, M.; Sun, Y., Definitions and Methods of Calculation of the Temperature-Programmed Retention Index, ITP. III. A Simplified Calculation Method Based on the Extended Kovats Definition, J. Chromatogr., 1987, 390, 2, 275-283, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)94381-X . [all data]

Rostad and Pereira, 1986
Rostad, C.E.; Pereira, W.E., Kovats and Lee retention indices determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for organic compounds of environmental interest, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1986, 9, 6, 328-334, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240090603 . [all data]

Wang and Sun, 1985
Wang, T.; Sun, Y., Correlation of Retention Indices obtained with Two Temperature Programmes, J. Chromatogr., 1985, 330, 167-171, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)81973-7 . [all data]

Hendriks and Bruins, 1983
Hendriks, H.; Bruins, A.P., A tentative identification of components in the essential oil of Cannabis sativa L. by a combination of gas chromatography negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry and retention indices, Biomed. Mass Spectrom., 1983, 10, 6, 377-381, https://doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200100607 . [all data]

Tret'yakov, 2007
Tret'yakov, K.V., Retention Data. NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center., NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, 2007. [all data]

Carasek and Pawliszyn, 2006
Carasek, E.; Pawliszyn, J., Screening of Tropical Fruit Volatile Compounds Using Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME) Fibers and Internally Cooled SPME Fiber, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 23, 8688-8696, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0613942 . [all data]

Beaulieu and Grimm, 2001
Beaulieu, J.C.; Grimm, C.C., Identification of volatile compounds in cantaloupe at various developmental stages using solid phase microextraction, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 3, 1345-1352, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0005768 . [all data]

Elmore, Mottram, et al., 2000, 2
Elmore, J.S.; Mottram, D.S.; Enser, M.; Wood, J.D., The effects of diet and breed on the volatile compounds of cooked lamb, Meat Sci., 2000, 55, 2, 149-159, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1740(99)00137-0 . [all data]

Parker, Hassell, et al., 2000
Parker, J.K.; Hassell, G.M.E.; Mottram, D.S.; Guy, R.C.E., Sensory and instrumental analyses of volatiles generated during the extrusion cooking of oat flours, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2000, 48, 8, 3497-3506, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf991302r . [all data]

Elmore, Mottram, et al., 1999
Elmore, J.S.; Mottram, D.S.; Enser, M.; Wood, J.D., Effect of the polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of beef muscle on the profile of aroma volatiles, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1999, 47, 4, 1619-1625, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf980718m . [all data]

Mondello, Dugo, et al., 1995
Mondello, L.; Dugo, P.; Basile, A.; Dugo, G., Interactive use of linear retention indices, on polar and apolar columns, with a MS-library for reliable identification of complex mixtures, J. Microcolumn Sep., 1995, 7, 6, 581-591, https://doi.org/10.1002/mcs.1220070605 . [all data]

Peng, Yang, et al., 1991
Peng, C.T.; Yang, Z.C.; Maltby, D., Prediction of retention indexes. III. Silylated derivatives of polar compounds, J. Chromatogr., 1991, 586, 1, 113-129, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(91)80029-G . [all data]

Peng, Ding, et al., 1988
Peng, C.T.; Ding, S.F.; Hua, R.L.; Yang, Z.C., Prediction of Retention Indexes I. Structure-Retention Index Relationship on Apolar Columns, J. Chromatogr., 1988, 436, 137-172, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)94575-8 . [all data]

Pozo-Bayon M.A., Ruiz-Rodriguez A., et al., 2007
Pozo-Bayon M.A.; Ruiz-Rodriguez A.; Pernin K.; Cayot N., Influence of eggs on the aroma composition of a sponge cake and on the aroma release in model studies on flavored sponge cakes, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 4, 1418-1426, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf062203y . [all data]

Fernandez-Segovia, Escriche, et al., 2006
Fernandez-Segovia, I.; Escriche, I.; Gomez-Sintes, M.; Fuentes, A.; Serra, J.A., In?uence of di?erent preservation treatments on the volatile fraction of desalted cod, Food Chem., 2006, 98, 3, 473-482, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.06.021 . [all data]

Alasalvar, Taylor, et al., 2005
Alasalvar, C.; Taylor, K.D.A.; Shahidi, F., Comparison of volatiles of cultured and wild sea bream (Sparus aurata) during storage in ice by dynamic headspace analysis/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 7, 2616-2622, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0483826 . [all data]

Bonvehí, 2005
Bonvehí, J.S., Investigation of aromatic compounds in roasted cocoa powder, Eur. Food Res. Technol., 2005, 221, 1-2, 19-29, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-005-1147-y . [all data]

Elmore, Nisyrios, et al., 2005
Elmore, J.S.; Nisyrios, I.; Mottram, D.S., Analysis of the headspace aroma compounds of walnuts (Juglans regia L.), Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 5, 501-506, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1477 . [all data]

Pena, Barciela, et al., 2005
Pena, R.M.; Barciela, J.; Herrero, C.; Garcia-Martin, S., Optimization of solid-phase microextraction methods for GC-MS determination of terpenes in wine, J. Sci. Food Agric., 2005, 85, 7, 1227-1234, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2121 . [all data]

Bonvehi and Coll, 2003
Bonvehi, J.S.; Coll, F.V., Flavour index and aroma profiles of fresh and processed honeys, J. Sci. Food Agric., 2003, 83, 4, 275-282, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1308 . [all data]

Brunton, Cronin, et al., 2002
Brunton, N.P.; Cronin, D.A.; Monahan, F.J., Volatile components associated with freshly cooked and oxidized off-flavours in turkey breast meat, Flavour Fragr. J., 2002, 17, 5, 327-334, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1087 . [all data]

Chung, Yung, et al., 2002
Chung, H.-Y.; Yung, I.K.S.; Ma, W.C.J.; Kim, J.-S., Analysis of volatile components in frozen and dried scallops (Patinopecten yessoensis) by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, Food Res. Int., 2002, 35, 1, 43-53, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0963-9969(01)00107-7 . [all data]

Chung, Yung, et al., 2001
Chung, H.Y.; Yung, I.K.S.; Kim, J.-S., Comparison of volatile components in dried scallops (Chlamys farreri and Patinopecten yessoensis) prepared by boiling and steaming methods, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 1, 192-202, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf000692a . [all data]

Wirth, Guo, et al., 2001
Wirth, J.; Guo, W.; Baumes, R.; Günata, Z., Volatile compounds released by enzymatic hydrolysis of glycoconjugates of leaves and grape berries from Vitis vinifera muscat of Alexandria and Shiraz cultivars, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 6, 2917-2923, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf001398l . [all data]

Chevance, Farmer, et al., 2000
Chevance, F.F.V.; Farmer, L.J.; Desmond, E.M.; Novelli, E.; Troy, D.J.; Chizzolini, R., Effect of some fat replacers on the release of volatile aroma compounds from low-fat meat products, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2000, 48, 8, 3476-3484, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf991211u . [all data]

Jensen, Christensen, et al., 2000
Jensen, K.; Christensen, L.P.; Hansen, M.; Jørgensen, U.; Kaack, K., Olfactory and quantitative analysis of volatiles in elderberry (Sambucus nigra L) juice processed from seven cultivars, J. Sci. Food Agric., 2000, 81, 2, 237-244, https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0010(20010115)81:2<237::AID-JSFA809>3.0.CO;2-H . [all data]

Le Guen, Prost, et al., 2000
Le Guen, S.; Prost, C.; Demaimay, M., Characterization of odorant compounds of mussels (Mytilus edulis) according to their origin using gas chromatography-olfactometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 2000, 896, 1-2, 361-371, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00729-9 . [all data]

Chevance and Farmer, 1999
Chevance, F.F.V.; Farmer, L.J., Identification of major volatile odor compounds in frankfurters, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1999, 47, 12, 5151-5160, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf990515d . [all data]

Chung, 1999
Chung, H.Y., Volatile components in fermented soybean (Glycine max) curds, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1999, 47, 7, 2690-2696, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf981166a . [all data]

Ollé, Baumes, et al., 1998
Ollé, D.; Baumes, R.L.; Bayonove, C.L.; Lozano, Y.F.; Sznaper, C.; Brillouet, J.-M., Comparison of free and glycosidically linked volatile components from polyembryonic and monoembryonic mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1998, 46, 3, 1094-1100, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9705781 . [all data]

Shimoda, Shigematsu, et al., 1995
Shimoda, M.; Shigematsu, H.; Shiratsuchi, H.; Osajima, Y., Comparison of volatile compounds among different grades of green tea and their relations to odor attributes, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1995, 43, 6, 1621-1625, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00054a038 . [all data]

Chung and Cadwallader, 1993
Chung, H.Y.; Cadwallader, K.R., Volatile components in blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) meat and processing by-product, J. Food Sci., 1993, 58, 6, 1203-1207, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1993.tb06148.x . [all data]

Frohlich and Schreier, 1990
Frohlich, O.; Schreier, P., Volatile Constituents of Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) Fruit, J. Food Sci., 1990, 55, 1, 176-180, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1990.tb06046.x . [all data]

Schwab, Mahr, et al., 1989
Schwab, W.; Mahr, C.; Schreier, P., Studies on the enzymic hydrolysis of bound aroma components from Carica papaya fruit, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1989, 37, 4, 1009-1012, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00088a042 . [all data]

Salter L.J., Mottram D.S., et al., 1988
Salter L.J.; Mottram D.S.; Whitfield, Volatile compounds produces in Maillard reactions involving glycine, ribose and phospholid, J. Sci. Food Agric., 1988, 46, 2, 227-242, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740460211 . [all data]

Vejaphan, Hsieh, et al., 1988
Vejaphan, W.; Hsieh, T.C.Y.; Williams, S.S., Volatile flavor components from boiled crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) tail meat, J. Food Sci., 1988, 53, 6, 1666-1670, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1988.tb07811.x . [all data]

Wang and Sun, 1987, 2
Wang, T.; Sun, Y., On the influence of the solute sample size on temperature-programmed retention indices, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1987, 10, 11, 603-606, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240101105 . [all data]

van den Dool and Kratz, 1963
van den Dool, H.; Kratz, P. Dec., A generalization of the retention index system including linear temperature programmed gas-liquid partition chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1963, 11, 463-471, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)80947-X . [all data]

Bianchi, Careri, et al., 2007
Bianchi, F.; Careri, M.; Mangia, A.; Musci, M., Retention indices in the analysis of food aroma volatile compounds in temperature-programmed gas chromatography: Database creation and evaluation of precision and robustness, J. Sep. Sci., 2007, 39, 4, 563-572, https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200600393 . [all data]

Kaack, Christensen, et al., 2005
Kaack, K.; Christensen, L.P.; Hughes, M.; Eder, R., The relationship between sensory quality and volatile compounds in raw juice processed from elderberries ( Sambucus nigra L.), Eur. Food Res. Technol., 2005, 221, 3-4, 244-254, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-005-1141-4 . [all data]

Ferrari, Lablanquie, et al., 2004
Ferrari, G.; Lablanquie, O.; Cantagrel, R.; Ledauphin, J.; Payot, T.; Fournier, N.; Guichard, E., Determination of key odorant compounds in freshly distilled cognac using GC-O, GC-MS, and sensory evaluation, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52, 18, 5670-5676, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf049512d . [all data]

Alasalvar, Shahidi, et al., 2003
Alasalvar, C.; Shahidi, F.; Cadwallader, K.R., Comparison of natural and roasted Turkish Tombul hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) volatiles and flavor by DHA/GC/MS and descriptive sensory analysis, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 17, 5067-5072, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0300846 . [all data]

Ziegleder, 2001
Ziegleder, G., Odorous compounds in paperboard as influenced by recycled material and storage, Packag. Technol. Sci., 2001, 14, 4, 131-136, https://doi.org/10.1002/pts.541 . [all data]

Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009
Tello, A.M.; Lebron-Aguilar, R.; Quintanilla-Lopez, J.E.; Santiuste, J.M., Isothermal retention indices on poly93-cyanopropylmethyl)siloxane stationary phases, J. Chromatogr. A, 2009, 1216, 10, 1630-1639, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.10.025 . [all data]

Zhou and Wu, 2007
Zhou, L.; Wu, Q., Model of artificial neural network for quantitative structure-retention relations of saturated alcohols, J. Southwest Univ. (Nat. Sci. Edn.), 2007, 33, 6, 1369-1372. [all data]

Pias Barbeira and Gasco, 1975
Pias Barbeira, J.B.; Gasco, L., Indice de retencion de algunos alcoholes y de sus derivados benzoilados a partir de datos de selectividad, Quimica Analitica, 1975, 29, 6, 354-359. [all data]

Kotowska, Zalikowski, et al., 2012
Kotowska, U.; Zalikowski, M.; Isidorov, V.A., HS-SPME/GC-MS analysis of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds emitted from municipal sewage sludge, Environ. Monit. Asses., 2012, 184, 5, 2893-2907, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2158-8 . [all data]

Leffingwell and Alford, 2011
Leffingwell, J.; Alford, E.D., Volatile constituents of the giant pufball mushroom (Calvatia gigantea), Leffingwell Rep., 2011, 4, 1-17. [all data]

Liu, Lu, et al., 2011
Liu, S.; Lu, S.; Su, Y.; Guo, Y., Analysis of volatile compounds in Radix Bupleuri injection by GC-MS-MS, Chromatographia, 2011, 74, 5-6, 497-502, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-011-2082-7 . [all data]

Radulovic, Blagojevic, et al., 2010
Radulovic, N.; Blagojevic, P.; Palic, R., Comparative study of the leaf volatiles of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. and Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. (Ericaceae), Molecules, 2010, 15, 9, 6168-6185, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15096168 . [all data]

Setkova, Risticevic, et al., 2007
Setkova, L.; Risticevic, S.; Pawliszyn, J., Rapid headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatographic?time-of-flight mass spectrometric method for qualitative profiling of ice wine volatile fraction II: Classification of Canadian and Czech ice wines using statistical evaluation of the data, J. Chromatogr. A, 2007, 1147, 2, 224-240, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2007.02.052 . [all data]

Vasta, Ratel, et al., 2007
Vasta, V.; Ratel, J.; Engel, E., Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Volatile Compounds in Raw Meat for the Authentication of the Feeding Background of Farm Animals, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 12, 4630-4639, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf063432n . [all data]

Castel, Fernandez, et al., 2006
Castel, C.; Fernandez, X.; Lizzani-Cuvelier, L.; Perichet, C.; Lavoine, S., Characterization of the Chemical Composition of a Byproduct from Siam Benzoin Gum, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 23, 8848-8854, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf061193y . [all data]

Fan and Qian, 2006
Fan, W.; Qian, M.C., Identification of aroma compounds in Chinese 'Yanghe Daqu' liquor by normal phase chromatography fractionation followed by gas chromatography/olfactometry, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 2, 333-342, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1621 . [all data]

van Loon, Linssen, et al., 2005
van Loon, W.A.M.; Linssen, J.P.H.; Legger, A.; Posthumus, M.A.; Voragen, A.G.J., Identification and olfactometry of French fries flavour extracted at mouth conditions, Food Chem., 2005, 90, 3, 417-425, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.05.005 . [all data]

Pino, Marbot, et al., 2005
Pino, J.A.; Marbot, R.; Rosado, A.; Vázquez, C., Volatile constituents of genipap (Genipa americana L.) fruit from Cuba, Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 6, 583-586, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1491 . [all data]

Dhanda, Pegg, et al., 2003
Dhanda, J.S.; Pegg, R.B.; Shand, P.J., Saskatchewan specialty livestock value-added program - Saskatchewan agri-food innovation fund (AFIF) Project #98000016, 2003, retrieved from http://www.agr.gov.sk.ca/afif/Projects/19980016.pdf. [all data]

Mildner-Szkudlarz, Jelen, et al., 2003
Mildner-Szkudlarz, S.; Jelen, H.H.; Zawirska-Wojtasiak, R.; Wasowicz, E., Application of headspace - solid phase microextraction and multivariate analysis for plant oils differentiation, Food Chem., 2003, 83, 4, 515-522, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(03)00147-X . [all data]

Pino, Marbot, et al., 2002
Pino, J.A.; Marbot, R.; Vazquez, C., Characterization of volatiles in Loquat fruit (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.), Revista CENIC Ciencias Quimicas, 2002, 33, 3, 115-119. [all data]

Jirovetz, Puschmann, et al., 2000
Jirovetz, L.; Puschmann, C.; Stojanova, A.; Metodiev, S.; Buchbauer, G., Analysis of the essential oil volatiles of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) from Bulgaria, Flavour Fragr. J., 2000, 15, 6, 434-437, https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1026(200011/12)15:6<434::AID-FFJ935>3.0.CO;2-0 . [all data]

Zhou, Robards, et al., 2000
Zhou, M.; Robards, K.; Glennie-Holmes, M.; Helliwell, S., Contribution of volatiles to the flavour of oatmeal, J. Sci. Food Agric., 2000, 80, 2, 247-254, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(20000115)80:2<247::AID-JSFA525>3.0.CO;2-0 . [all data]

Boylston and Viniyard, 1998
Boylston, T.D.; Viniyard, B.T., Isolation of volatile flavor compounds from peanut butter using purge-and-trap technique in Instrumental Methods in Food and Beverage Analysis, D. Wetzel and G. Charalambous, ed(s)., 1998, 225-243. [all data]

Egolf and Jurs, 1993
Egolf, L.M.; Jurs, P.C., Quantitative structure-retention and structure-odor intensity relationships for a diverse group of odor-active compounds, Anal. Chem., 1993, 65, 21, 3119-3126, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00069a027 . [all data]

King, Hamilton, et al., 1993
King, M.-F.; Hamilton, B.L.; Matthews, M.A.; Rule, D.C.; Field, R.A., Isolation and identification of volatiles and condensable material in raw beef with supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1993, 41, 11, 1974-1981, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00035a030 . [all data]

Lee, Macku, et al., 1991
Lee, S.-R.; Macku, C.; Shibamoto, T., Isolation and identification of headspace volatiles formed in heated butter, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1991, 39, 11, 1972-1975, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00011a017 . [all data]

Anker, Jurs, et al., 1990
Anker, L.S.; Jurs, P.C.; Edwards, P.A., Quantitative structure-retention relationship studies of odor-active aliphatic compounds with oxygen-containing functional groups, Anal. Chem., 1990, 62, 24, 2676-2684, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00223a006 . [all data]

Yin and Sun, 1990
Yin, H.F.; Sun, Y.L., The achievement of reproducible temperature programmed retention indices in gas chromatography when using different columns and detectors, Chromatographia, 1990, 29, 1/2, 39-43, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02261137 . [all data]

Sugisawa, Yamamoto, et al., 1989
Sugisawa, H.; Yamamoto, M.; Tamura, H.; Takagi, N., The comparison of volatile components in peel oil from four species of navel orange, Nippon Shokuhin Kogio Gakkaishi, 1989, 36, 6, 455-462, https://doi.org/10.3136/nskkk1962.36.6_455 . [all data]

Habu, Flath, et al., 1985
Habu, T.; Flath, R.A.; Mon, T.R.; Morton, J.F., Volatile components of Rooibos tea (Aspalathus linearis), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1985, 33, 2, 249-254, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00062a024 . [all data]

Flath, Mon, et al., 1983
Flath, R.A.; Mon, T.R.; Lorenz, G.; Whitten, C.J.; Mackley, J.W., Volatile components of Acacia sp. blossoms, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1983, 31, 6, 1167-1170, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00120a008 . [all data]

Heydanek and McGorrin, 1981
Heydanek, M.G.; McGorrin, R.J., Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy identification of volatiles from rancid oat groats, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1981, 29, 5, 1093-1095, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00107a051 . [all data]

Kurashov, Mitrukova, et al., 2014
Kurashov, E.A.; Mitrukova, G.G.; Krylova, Yu.V., Variations in the component composition of essential oil of Ceratophyllum demersum (Ceratophyllaceae) during vegetation (in press), Plant Resources (Rastitel'nye Resursy), 2014, 1, 000-000. [all data]

Robinson, Adams, et al., 2012
Robinson, A.L.; Adams, D.O.; Boss, P.K.; Heymann, H.; Solomon, P.S.; Trengove, R.D., Influence of geographic origine on the sensory characteristics and wine composition of Vitus viniferas cv. Cabernet Sauvignon wines from Australia (Supplemental data), Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 2012, 64, 4, 467-476, https://doi.org/10.5344/ajev.2012.12023 . [all data]

se Souza, Cardeal, et al., 2009
se Souza, P.P.; Cardeal, Z.DeL.; Augusti, R.; Morrison, P.; Marriott, P.J., Determination of volatile compounds in Brazilian distilled cachaca by using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and effects of production pathways, J. Chromatogr. A., 2009, 1216, 14, 2881-2890, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.10.061 . [all data]

Yu, Li, et al., 2009
Yu, L.-F.; Li, X.-R.; Liu, S.-Y.; Xu, G.-W.; Liang, Y.-Z., Comparative analysis of essential components between the herbal pair Radix Saposhnikoviae-Rhizoma seu Radix Notopterygii and its single herbs by GC-MS combined with a chemometric resolution method, Anal. Methods, 2009, 1, 1, 45-51, https://doi.org/10.1039/b9ay00044e . [all data]

Zhao, Li, et al., 2008
Zhao, Y.; Li, J.; Xu, Y.; Duan, H.; Fan, W.; Zhao, G., EXtraction, preparation and identification of volatile compounds in Changyu XO brandy, Chinese J. Chromatogr., 2008, 26, 2, 212-222, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2059(08)60014-0 . [all data]

Cajka, Hajslova, et al., 2007
Cajka, T.; Hajslova, J.; Cochran, J.; Holadova, K.; Klimankova, E., Solid phase microextraction - comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography - time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the analysis of honey volatiles, J. Sep. Sci., 2007, 30, 4, 534-546, https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200600413 . [all data]

Hashemi, Abolghasemi, et al., 2007
Hashemi, P.; Abolghasemi, M.M.; Fakhari, A.R.; Ebrahimi, S.N.; Ahmadi, S., Hydrodistillation-Solvent Microextraction and GC-MS Identification of Volatile Components of Artemisia aucheri, Chromatographia, 2007, 66, 3-4, 283-286, https://doi.org/10.1365/s10337-007-0289-4 . [all data]

Lin, Peng, et al., 2007
Lin, L.-Y.; Peng, C.-H.; Wang, H.-E.; Wu, T.-H.; Chen, C.-C.; Yu, T.-H.; Wu, C.-M.; Peng, R.Y., Factors affecting solid phase microextraction (SPME) to concentrate the odorants of Chinese white salted noodles for GC-MS analysis, Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 4, 274-279, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1792 . [all data]

Liu, Xu, et al., 2007
Liu, Y.; Xu, X.-L.; Zhou, G.-H., Comparative study of volatile compounds in traditional Chinese Nanjing marinated duck by different extraction techniques, Int. J. Food Sci. Technol., 2007, 42, 5, 543-550, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2006.01264.x . [all data]

Splivallo, Bossi, et al., 2007
Splivallo, R.; Bossi, S.; Maffei, M.; Bonfante, P., Discrimination of truffle fruiting body versus mycelial aromas by stir bar sorptive extraction, Phytochemistry, 2007, 68, 20, 2584-2598, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.03.030 . [all data]

Beaulieu J.C. and Lea J.M., 2006
Beaulieu J.C.; Lea J.M., Characterization and semiquantitative analysis of volatiles in seedless watermelon varieties using solid-phase microextraction, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 20, 7789-7793, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf060663l . [all data]

Iraqi, Vermeulen, et al., 2005
Iraqi, R.; Vermeulen, C.; Benzekri, A.; Bouseta, A.; Collin, S., Screening for key odorants in Moroccan green olives by gas chromatography-olfactometry/aroma extract dilution analysis, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 4, 1179-1184, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf040349w . [all data]

Pino, Marbot, et al., 2005, 2
Pino, J.A.; Marbot, R.; Rosado, A.; Vázquez, C., Volatile constituents of Malay rose apple [Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. Perry], Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 98-100. [all data]

Fu and Wang, 2004
Fu, S.-P.; Wang, Y.-Q., Estimation and prediction of gas chromatographic retention indices of alcohols by molecular electronegativity-distance vector, J. Chongqing Univ., 2004, 27, 6, 106-109. [all data]

Garcia-Estaban, Ansorena, et al., 2004
Garcia-Estaban, M.; Ansorena, D.; Astiasaran, I.; Martin, D.; Ruiz, J., Comparison of simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) for the analysis of volatile compounds in dry-cured ham, J. Sci. Food Agric., 2004, 84, 11, 1364-1370, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1826 . [all data]

Vinogradov, 2004
Vinogradov, B.A., Production, composition, properties and application of essential oils, 2004, retrieved from http://viness.narod.ru. [all data]

Junkes, Castanho, et al., 2003
Junkes, B.S.; Castanho, R.D.M.; Amboni, C.; Yunes, R.A.; Heinzen, V.E.F., Semiempirical Topological Index: A Novel Molecular Descriptor for Quantitative Structure-Retention Relationship Studies, Internet Electronic Journal of Molecular Design, 2003, 2, 1, 33-49. [all data]

Machiels, van Ruth, et al., 2003
Machiels, D.; van Ruth, S.M.; Posthumus, M.A.; Istasse, L., Gas chromatography-olfactometry analysis of the volatile compounds of two commercial Irish beef meats, Talanta, 2003, 60, 4, 755-764, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-9140(03)00133-4 . [all data]

David, Scanlan, et al., 2002
David, F.; Scanlan, F.; Sandra, P.; Szelewski, M., Analysis of essential oil compounds using retention time locked methods and retention time databases, 2002, retrieved from http://www.chem.agilent.com. [all data]

Guyot-Declerck, Renson, et al., 2002
Guyot-Declerck, C.; Renson, S.; Bouseta, A.; Collin, S., Floral quality and discrimination of Lavandula stoechas, Lavandula angustifolia, and Lavandula angustifolia × latifolia honeys, Food Chem., 2002, 79, 4, 453-459, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00216-9 . [all data]

Sides, Robards, et al., 2001
Sides, A.; Robards, K.; Helliwell, S.; An, M., Changes in the volatile profile of oats induced by processing, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 5, 2125-2130, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0010127 . [all data]

Flanagan, Streete, et al., 1997
Flanagan, R.J.; Streete, P.J.; Ramsey, J.D., Volatile Substance Abuse, UNODC Technical Series, No 5, United Nations, Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 500, A-1400 Vienna, Austria, 1997, 56, retrieved from http://www.odccp.org/pdf/technicalseries1997-01-011.pdf. [all data]

Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 1994
Ciccioli, P.; Cecinato, A.; Brancaleoni, E.; Brachetti, A.; Frattoni, M.; Sparapani, R., Composition and Distribution of Polar and Non-Polar VOCs in Urban, Rural, Forest and Remote Areas, Eur Commission EUR, 1994, 549-568. [all data]

Ciccioli, Brancaleoni, et al., 1993
Ciccioli, P.; Brancaleoni, E.; Cecinato, A.; Sparapani, R.; Frattoni, M., Identification and determination of biogenic and anthropogenic volatile organic compounds in forest areas of Northern and Southern Europe and a remote site of the Himalaya region by high-resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr., 1993, 643, 1-2, 55-69, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(93)80541-F . [all data]

Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992
Strete, P.J.; Ruprah, M.; Ramsey, J.D.; Flanagan, R.J., Detection and identification of volatile substances by headspace capillary gas chromatography to aid the diagnosis of acute poisoning, Analyst, 1992, 117, 7, 1111-1127, https://doi.org/10.1039/an9921701111 . [all data]

Um, Bailey, et al., 1992
Um, K.W.; Bailey, M.E.; Clarke, A.D.; Chao, R.R., Concentration and identification of volatile compounds from heated beef fat using supercritical CO2 extraction-gas liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1992, 40, 9, 1641-1646, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00021a033 . [all data]

Binder, Flath, et al., 1989
Binder, R.G.; Flath, R.A.; Mon, T.R., Volatile components of bittermelon, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1989, 37, 2, 418-420, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00086a032 . [all data]

Shibamoto, 1987
Shibamoto, T., Retention Indices in Essential Oil Analysis in Capillary Gas Chromatography in Essential Oil Analysis, Sandra, P.; Bicchi, C., ed(s)., Hutchig Verlag, Heidelberg, New York, 1987, 259-274. [all data]

Waggott and Davies, 1984
Waggott, A.; Davies, I.W., Identification of organic pollutants using linear temperature programmed retention indices (LTPRIs) - Part II, 1984, retrieved from http://dwi.defra.gov.uk/research/completed-research/reports/dwi0383.pdf. [all data]

Fagan, Kepner, et al., 1982
Fagan, G.L.; Kepner, R.E.; Webb, A.D., Additional volatile components of Palomino film sherry, Am. J. Enol. Vitic, 1982, 33, 1, 47-50. [all data]

Feng, Zhuang, et al., 2011
Feng, T.; Zhuang, H.; Ye, R.; Jin, Z.; Xu, X.; Xie, Z., Analysis of volatile compounds of Mesona Blumes gum/rice extrudates via GC-MS and electronic nose, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2011, 160, 1, 964-973, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2011.09.013 . [all data]

Duarte, Dias, et al., 2010
Duarte, W.F.; Dias, D.R.; Oliveira, J.M.; Teixeira, J.A.; de Almeida e Silva, J.B.; Schwan, R.F., Characterization of different fruit wines made from cacao,cupuassu, gabiroba, jaboticaba and umbu, Food Sci. Technol., 2010, 43, 1564-1572. [all data]

Mo, Fan, et al., 2009
Mo, X.; Fan, W.; Xu, Y., Changes in volatile compounds of Chinese rice wine wheat qu during fermentation and storage, J. of the Institute of Brewing, 2009, 115, 4, 300-307, https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2050-0416.2009.tb00385.x . [all data]

Kaypak and Avsar, 2008
Kaypak, D.; Avsar, Y.K., Volatile and odor-active compounds of tuzlu yoghurt, Asian J. Chem., 2008, 20, 5, 3641-3648. [all data]

Soria, Sanz, et al., 2008
Soria, A.C.; Sanz, J.; Martinez-Castro, I., SPME followed by GC-MS: a powerful technique for qualitative analysis of honey volatiles, Eur. Food Res. Technol., 2008, 1-12. [all data]

Rawat, Gulati, et al., 2007
Rawat, R.; Gulati, A.; Babu, G.D.K.; Acharya, R.; Kaul, V.K.; Singh, B., Characterization of volatile components of Kangra orthodox black tea by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Food Chem., 2007, 105, 1, 229-235, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.03.071 . [all data]

Fan and Qian, 2006, 2
Fan, W.; Qian, M.C., Characterization of Aroma Compounds of Chinese Wuliangye and Jiannanchun Liquors by Aroma Extract Dilution Analysis, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 7, 2695-2704, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf052635t . [all data]

Wierda R.L., Fletcher G., et al., 2006
Wierda R.L.; Fletcher G.; Xu L.; Dufour J.P., Analysis of volatile compounds as spoilage indicators in fresh king salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) during storage using SPME-GC-MS, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 22, 8480-8490, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf061377c . [all data]

Fan and Qian, 2005
Fan, W.; Qian, M.C., Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography-Olfactometry Dilution Analysis of Young and Aged Chinese Yanghe Daqu Liquors, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 20, 7931-7938, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf051011k . [all data]

de la Fuente, Martinez-Castro, et al., 2005
de la Fuente, E.; Martinez-Castro, I.; Sanz, J., Characterization of Spanish unifloral honeys by solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Sep. Sci., 2005, 28, 9-10, 1093-1100, https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200500018 . [all data]

Narain, Almeida, et al., 2004
Narain, N.; Almeida, J.N.; Galvão, M.S.; Madruga, M.S.; de Brito, E.S., Volatile compounds in passion fruit (Passiflora edulis forma Flavicarpa) and yellow mombin (Spondias mombin L.) fruits obtained by dynamic headspace technique, Cienc. Tecnol. Aliment. Campinas, 2004, 24, 2, 212-216, https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-20612004000200009 . [all data]

Soria, Gonzalez, et al., 2004
Soria, A.C.; Gonzalez, M.; de Lorenzo, C.; Martinez-Castro, I.; Sanza, J., Characterization of artisanal honeys from Madrid (Central Spain) on the basis of their melissopalynological, physicochemical and volatile composition data, Food Chem., 2004, 85, 1, 121-130, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.06.012 . [all data]

Hayata, Sakamoto, et al., 2002
Hayata, Y.; Sakamoto, T.; Kozuka, H.; Sakamoto, K.; Osajima, Y., Analysis of aromatic volatile compounds in 'Miyabi' melon (Cucumis melo L.) using the Porapak Q column, J. Jpn. Soc. Hortic. Sci., 2002, 71, 4, 517-525, https://doi.org/10.2503/jjshs.71.517 . [all data]

Chyau and Mau, 2001
Chyau, C.-C.; Mau, J.-L., Effects of various oils on volatile compounds of deep-fried shallot flavouring, Food Chem., 2001, 74, 1, 41-46, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(00)00336-8 . [all data]

Weckerle, Bastl-Borrmann, et al., 2001
Weckerle, B.; Bastl-Borrmann, R.; Richling, E.; Hör, K.; Ruff, C.; Schreier, P., Cactus pear (Opuntia ficus indica) flavour constituents - chiral evaluation (MDGC-MS) and isotope ratio (HRGC-IRMS) analysis, Flavour Fragr. J., 2001, 16, 5, 360-363, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1012 . [all data]

Girard and Durance, 2000
Girard, B.; Durance, T., Headspace volatiles of sockeye and pink salmon as affected by retort process, Food Chem. Toxicol., 2000, 65, 1, 34-39. [all data]

Xue, Ye, et al., 2000
Xue, C.; Ye, M.; Li, Z.; Cai, Y.; Tan, L.; Lin, H.; Sakaguchi, M., Changes in the volatile compounds of Yellowtail (Seriola aureovitata) during refrigerated storage, Asian Fisheries Sciences, 2000, 13, 263-270. [all data]

Kaya, Baser, et al., 1999
Kaya, A.; Baser, K.H.C.; Demirci, B.; Koca, F., The essential oil of Acinos alpinus (L.) Moench growing in Turkey, Flavour Fragr. J., 1999, 14, 1, 55-59, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199901/02)14:1<55::AID-FFJ784>3.0.CO;2-Q . [all data]

Wada and Shibamoto, 1997
Wada, K.; Shibamoto, T., Isolation and identification of volatile compounds from a wine using solid phase extraction, gas chromatography, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1997, 45, 11, 4362-4366, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf970157j . [all data]

Wong and Lai, 1996
Wong, K.C.; Lai, F.Y., Volatile constituents from the fruits of four Syzygium species grown in Malaysia, Flavour Fragr. J., 1996, 11, 1, 61-66, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199601)11:1<61::AID-FFJ539>3.0.CO;2-1 . [all data]

Chung, Eiserich, et al., 1993
Chung, T.Y.; Eiserich, J.P.; Shibamoto, T., Volatile compounds identified in headspace samples of peanut oil heated under temperatures ranging from 50 to 200 °C, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1993, 41, 9, 1467-1470, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00033a022 . [all data]

De Llano D.G., Ramos M., et al., 1990
De Llano D.G.; Ramos M.; Polo C.; Sanz J.; Martinez-Castro I., Evolution of the volatile components of an artisanal blue cheese during ripening, J. Dairy Sci., 1990, 73, 7, 1676-1683, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(90)78842-X . [all data]

Takeoka, Flath, et al., 1988
Takeoka, G.R.; Flath, R.A.; Güntert, M.; Jennings, W., Nectarine volatiles: vacuum steam distillation versus headspace sampling, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1988, 36, 3, 553-560, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00081a037 . [all data]

Welke, Manfroi, et al., 2012
Welke, J.E.; Manfroi, V.; Zanus, M.; Lazarotto, M.; Zini, C.A., Characterization of the volatile profile of Brazilian merlot wines through comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometric detection, J. Chromatogr. A, 2012, 1226, 124-139, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2012.01.002 . [all data]

Kaack and Christensen, 2008
Kaack, K.; Christensen, L.P., Effect of packing materials and storage time on volatile compounds in tea processes from flowers of black elder (Sambucus nigra L.), Eur. Food Res. Technol., 2008, 227, 4, 1259-1273, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-008-0844-8 . [all data]

Yongsheng, Hua, et al., 2008
Yongsheng, T.; Hua, L.; Hua, W.; Li, Z., Volatile composition of young Cabernet Savignon red wine from Changli Counti (China), J. Food Composition and Analysis, 2008, 21, 8, 689-694, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2008.05.007 . [all data]

Narain, Galvao, et al., 2007
Narain, N.; Galvao, M.S.; Madruga, M.S., Volatile compounds captured through purge and trap technique in caja-umbu (Spondias sp.) fruits during maturation, Food Chem., 2007, 102, 3, 726-731, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.06.003 . [all data]

Vichi, Guadayol, et al., 2007
Vichi, S.; Guadayol, J.M.; Caixach, J.; López-Tamames, E.; Buxaderas, S., Analytical, Nutritional, and Clinical Methods. Comparative study of different extraction techniques for the analysis of virgin olive oil aroma, Food Chem., 2007, 105, 3, 1171-1178, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.02.018 . [all data]

Jales, Maia, et al., 2005
Jales, K.A.; Maia, G.A.; Garruti, D.S.; Neto, M.A.S.; Janzantti, N.S.; Franco, M.R.B., Evaluation de los compuestos odoriferos del jugo de maracuya amarillo por GC-MS y GC-O (OSME), Alimentis y bebidas, 2005, 3, 12-14. [all data]

Baser, Demirci, et al., 2002
Baser, K.H.C.; Demirci, B.; Kirimer, N.; Satil, F.; Tumen, G., The essential oils of Thymus migricus and T. fedtschenkoi var. handelii from Turkey, Flavour Fragr. J., 2002, 17, 1, 41-45, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1036 . [all data]

Baser, Özek, et al., 2000
Baser, K.H.C.; Özek, T.; Demirci, B.; Duman, H., Composition of the essential oil of Prangos heyniae H. Duman et M. F. Watson, a new endemic from Turkey, Flavour Fragr. J., 2000, 15, 1, 47-49, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(200001/02)15:1<47::AID-FFJ869>3.0.CO;2-9 . [all data]

Caldentey, Daria Fumi, et al., 1998
Caldentey, P.; Daria Fumi, M.; Mazzoleni, V.; Careri, M., Volatile compounds produced by microorganisms isolated from cork, Flavour Fragr. J., 1998, 13, 3, 185-188, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199805/06)13:3<185::AID-FFJ723>3.0.CO;2-W . [all data]

Ziegleder, 1998
Ziegleder, G., Volatile and odorous compounds in unprinted paperboard, Packag. Technol. Sci., 1998, 11, 5, 231-239, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1522(1998090)11:5<231::AID-PTS437>3.0.CO;2-A . [all data]

Carro Marino, López Tamames, et al., 1995
Carro Marino, N.; López Tamames, E.; García Jares, C.M., Contribution to the study of the aromatic potential of three muscat Vitis vinifera varieties: identification of new compounds, Food Sci. Technol. Int., 1995, 1, 2-3, 105-116, https://doi.org/10.1177/108201329500100206 . [all data]

Chang, Seitz, et al., 1995
Chang, C.-Y.; Seitz, L.M.; Chambers, E., IV, Volatile Flavor Components of Breads Made from Hard Red Winter Wheat and Hard White Winter Wheat, Cereal Chem., 1995, 72, 3, 237-242. [all data]

Patterson and Stevenson, 1995
Patterson, R.L.S.; Stevenson, M.H., Irradiation-induced off-odor in chicken and its possible control, British Poultry Science, 1995, 36, 3, 425-441, https://doi.org/10.1080/00071669508417789 . [all data]

Peng, Yang, et al., 1991, 2
Peng, C.T.; Yang, Z.C.; Ding, S.F., Prediction of rentention idexes. II. Structure-retention index relationship on polar columns, J. Chromatogr., 1991, 586, 1, 85-112, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(91)80028-F . [all data]

Chen, Keeran, et al., 2002
Chen, P.H.; Keeran, W.S.; Van Ausdale, W.A.; Schindler, D.R.; Roberts, D.W., Application of Lee retention indices to the confirmation of tentatively identified compounds from GC/MS analysis of environmental samples, Technical paper, Analytical Services Division, Environmental ScienceEngineering, Inc, PO Box 1703, Gainesville, FL 32602, 2002, 11. [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References