2-Octanone
- Formula: C8H16O
- Molecular weight: 128.2120
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: ZPVFWPFBNIEHGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 111-13-7
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Other names: n-Hexyl methyl ketone; Hexyl methyl ketone; Methyl hexyl ketone; Methyl n-hexyl ketone; Octan-2-one; n-C6H13COCH3; Octanone-2
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Gas phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔfH°gas | -345.1 ± 2.5 | kJ/mol | Ccr | Geiseler and Ratzsch, 1965 |
Reaction thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.
Individual Reactions
C8H15O- + =
By formula: C8H15O- + H+ = C8H16O
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 1525. ± 8.8 | kJ/mol | TDEq | Burkell, Fridgen, et al., 2003 | gas phase; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 1496. ± 8.8 | kJ/mol | TDEq | Burkell, Fridgen, et al., 2003 | gas phase; B |
By formula: C8H18O = C8H16O + H2
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 52.97 | kJ/mol | Eqk | Cubberley and Mueller, 1946 | gas phase; ALS |
Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
Ionization energy determinations
IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
9.75 | EI | Potzinger and Bunau, 1969 | RDSH |
9.40 ± 0.03 | PI | Vilesov, 1960 | RDSH |
9.38 | PE | Benoit and Harrison, 1977 | Vertical value; LLK |
Appearance energy determinations
Ion | AE (eV) | Other Products | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C2H3O+ | 12.04 | ? | EI | Potzinger and Bunau, 1969 | RDSH |
C6H13+ | 10.21 | ? | EI | Potzinger and Bunau, 1969 | RDSH |
C7H13O+ | 9.85 | CH3 | EI | Potzinger and Bunau, 1969 | RDSH |
De-protonation reactions
C8H15O- + =
By formula: C8H15O- + H+ = C8H16O
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 1525. ± 8.8 | kJ/mol | TDEq | Burkell, Fridgen, et al., 2003 | gas phase; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 1496. ± 8.8 | kJ/mol | TDEq | Burkell, Fridgen, et al., 2003 | gas phase; B |
Gas Chromatography
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | OV-1 | 333. | 968.8 | Hu, Lu, et al., 2006 | |
Capillary | OV-101 | 150. | 971.0 | Cha and Lee, 1994 | Column length: 20. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm |
Capillary | OV-101 | 180. | 974.2 | Cha and Lee, 1994 | Column length: 20. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm |
Capillary | SE-54 | 110. | 993.4 | Grigor'eva, Vasil'ev, et al., 1989 | 15. m/0.28 mm/2.5 μm, Ar |
Capillary | SE-54 | 130. | 994.1 | Grigor'eva, Vasil'ev, et al., 1989 | 15. m/0.28 mm/2.5 μm, Ar |
Capillary | SE-54 | 150. | 995.6 | Grigor'eva, Vasil'ev, et al., 1989 | 15. m/0.28 mm/2.5 μm, Ar |
Capillary | Apiezon LH + KF | 100. | 952. | Samusenko, Svetlova, et al., 1986 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.063 μm, He |
Capillary | Apiezon LH + KF | 100. | 953. | Samusenko, Svetlova, et al., 1986 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.063 μm, He |
Capillary | Apiezon LH + KF | 100. | 953. | Samusenko, Svetlova, et al., 1986 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.063 μm, He |
Capillary | Apiezon LH + KF | 100. | 954. | Samusenko, Svetlova, et al., 1986 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.063 μm, He |
Capillary | Apiezon LH + KF | 100. | 954. | Samusenko, Svetlova, et al., 1986 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.063 μm, He |
Capillary | Apiezon LH + KF | 100. | 955. | Samusenko, Svetlova, et al., 1986 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.063 μm, He |
Capillary | Apiezon LH + KF | 100. | 955. | Samusenko, Svetlova, et al., 1986 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.063 μm, He |
Capillary | Apiezon L + KF | 100. | 953. | Samusenko, Svetlova, et al., 1986 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.063 μm, He |
Capillary | Apiezon L + KF | 100. | 953. | Samusenko, Svetlova, et al., 1986 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.063 μm, He |
Capillary | Apiezon L + KF | 100. | 953. | Samusenko, Svetlova, et al., 1986 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.063 μm, He |
Capillary | Apiezon L + KF | 100. | 953. | Samusenko, Svetlova, et al., 1986 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.063 μm, He |
Capillary | Apiezon L + KF | 100. | 953. | Samusenko, Svetlova, et al., 1986 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.063 μm, He |
Capillary | Apiezon L + KF | 100. | 955. | Samusenko, Svetlova, et al., 1986 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.063 μm, He |
Capillary | Apiezon L + KF | 100. | 955. | Samusenko, Svetlova, et al., 1986 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.063 μm, He |
Capillary | Apiezon L + KF | 60. | 968. | Svetlova, Samusenko, et al., 1986 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.06 μm |
Capillary | Apiezon L + KF | 100. | 953. | Svetlova, Samusenko, et al., 1986 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.06 μm |
Capillary | Apiezon L + KF | 100. | 953. | Svetlova, Samusenko, et al., 1986 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.06 μm |
Capillary | Apiezon L + KF | 100. | 953. | Svetlova, Samusenko, et al., 1986 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.06 μm |
Capillary | Apiezon L + KF | 100. | 954. | Svetlova, Samusenko, et al., 1986 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.06 μm |
Capillary | Apiezon L + KF | 100. | 955. | Svetlova, Samusenko, et al., 1986 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.06 μm |
Capillary | Apiezon L + KF | 100. | 955. | Svetlova, Samusenko, et al., 1986 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.06 μm |
Packed | SE-30 | 150. | 978. | Haken, Nguyen, et al., 1979 | Celatom AW silanized; Column length: 3.7 m |
Packed | Apiezon L | 120. | 950. | Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978 | Celite 545 |
Packed | Apiezon L | 160. | 965. | Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978 | Celite 545 |
Packed | Apolane | 190. | 938.5 | Riedo, Fritz, et al., 1976 | He, Chromosorb; Column length: 2.4 m |
Packed | SE-30 | 150. | 977. | Haken, Ho, et al., 1975 | Column length: 3.7 m |
Packed | Apiezon L | 100. | 946. | Brown, Chapman, et al., 1968 | N2, DCMS-treated Chromosorb W; Column length: 2.3 m |
Packed | Apiezon L | 150. | 957. | Brown, Chapman, et al., 1968 | N2, DCMS-treated Chromosorb W; Column length: 2.3 m |
Packed | Apiezon L | 130. | 947. | Wehrli and Kováts, 1959 | Celite; Column length: 2.25 m |
Packed | Apiezon L | 190. | 953. | Wehrli and Kováts, 1959 | Celite; Column length: 2.25 m |
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | OV-101 | 969. | Tamura, Kihara, et al., 1991 | N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 200. C |
Capillary | OV-101 | 978. | Ohnishi and Shibamoto, 1984 | 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.23 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 200. C |
Capillary | OV-101 | 980. | Ohnishi and Shibamoto, 1984 | 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.23 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 200. C |
Capillary | SE-30 | 976. | Greenberg, 1981 | He, 40. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm; Tend: 170. C |
Capillary | SE-30 | 978. | Greenberg, 1981 | He, 40. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm; Tend: 170. C |
Capillary | SE-30 | 978. | Greenberg, 1981, 2 | He, 70. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 170. C @ 5. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm |
Capillary | SE-30 | 979. | Greenberg, 1981, 2 | He, 70. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 170. C @ 5. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm |
Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | DB-Wax | 100. | 1296.35 | Ciazynska-Halarewicz, Borucka, et al., 2002 | 30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 125. | 1309.62 | Ciazynska-Halarewicz, Borucka, et al., 2002 | 30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He |
Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1304. | Wong and Tie, 1993 | He, 35. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 20. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1291. | Tamura, Kihara, et al., 1991 | 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 180. C |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 1283. | Umano and Shibamoto, 1987 | He, 40. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 200. C |
Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1283. | Tressl, Friese, et al., 1978 | He, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; Tstart: 70. C; Tend: 190. C |
Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1281. | Tressl, Friese, et al., 1978, 2 | He, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; Tstart: 70. C; Tend: 190. C |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | SPB-5 | 990. | Engel and Ratel, 2007 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min |
Capillary | HP-5MS | 1009. | Kallio, Jussila, et al., 2006 | 20. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 60. C @ 4. min, 5. K/min, 240. C @ 15. min |
Capillary | CP Sil 5 CB | 964. | Ziegenbein, Hanssen, et al., 2006 | 25. m/0.25 mm/0.4 μm, He, 10. K/min; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 270. C |
Capillary | CP-Sil 8CB-MS | 992. | Elmore, Cooper, et al., 2005 | 0. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min |
Capillary | HP-5MS | 992. | Pino, Mesa, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min |
Capillary | CP Sil 5 CB | 974. | Pino, Almora, et al., 2003 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 280. C @ 60. min |
Capillary | DB-1 | 966.0 | Sun and Stremple, 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 325. C |
Capillary | DB-5 | 989.4 | Xu, van Stee, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 2.5 K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C |
Capillary | SPB-1 | 969. | Larráyoz, Addis, et al., 2001 | 30. m/0.32 mm/4. μm, He, 45. C @ 13. min, 5. K/min, 240. C @ 5. min |
Capillary | CP Sil 5 CB | 974. | Pino and Marbot, 2001 | 50. m/0.32 mm/0.4 μm, He, 60. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 280. C @ 60. min |
Capillary | CP Sil 8 CB | 992. | Elmore, Mottram, et al., 2000 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 280. C |
Capillary | DB-5 | 997. | Moio, Piombino, et al., 2000 | 30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, H2, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 210. C |
Capillary | DB-5 | 999. | Moio, Piombino, et al., 2000 | 30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, H2, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 210. C |
Capillary | OV-1 | 975. | Valero, Sanz, et al., 1999 | 20. m/0.32 mm/0.3 μm, He, 45. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 220. C @ 10. min |
Capillary | OV-1 | 975. | Valero, Sanz, et al., 1999 | 20. m/0.32 mm/0.3 μm, He, 45. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 220. C @ 10. min |
Capillary | SE-54 | 992. | Li, Wang, et al., 1998 | H2, 35. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Tend: 250. C |
Capillary | DB-5 | 998. | Moio and Addeo, 1998 | 30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, H2, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 210. C |
Capillary | DB-5 | 999. | Moio and Addeo, 1998 | 30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, H2, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 210. C |
Capillary | SE-30 | 958. | Misharina and Golovnya, 1996 | 50. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 4. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C |
Capillary | DB-1 | 967. | Stashenko, Villa, et al., 1995 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 50. C @ 5. min, 2.5 K/min; Tend: 250. C |
Capillary | OV-101 | 966. | Misharina, Golovnya, et al., 1992 | 50. m/0.31 mm/0.5 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C |
Capillary | DB-1 | 968. | Zhang and Ho, 1989 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 220. C @ 10. min; Tstart: 40. C |
Capillary | DB-5 | 991. | Guichard and Souty, 1988 | H2, 30. C @ 5. min, 1.5 K/min; Column length: 0.32 m; Column diameter: 1. mm; Tend: 180. C |
Capillary | SPB-1 | 971. | Huang, Bruechert, et al., 1987 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min, 235. C @ 40. min |
Capillary | SPB-1 | 971. | Huang, Bruechert, et al., 1987 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min, 235. C @ 40. min |
Capillary | CP Sil 5 CB | 976. | Hendriks and Bruins, 1983 | 4. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; Tstart: 70. C; Tend: 205. C |
Capillary | OV-1 | 972. | Schreyen, Dirinck, et al., 1976 | N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 183. m; Tstart: 0. C; Tend: 230. C |
Packed | Apiezon M | 949. | Golovnya and Uraletz, 1971 | N2, Celite 545, 6. K/min; Column length: 1.5 m; Tstart: 75. C; Tend: 200. C |
Packed | Apiezon M | 952. | Golovnya and Uraletz, 1971 | N2, Celite 545, 6. K/min; Column length: 1.5 m; Tstart: 75. C; Tend: 200. C |
Packed | Apiezon M | 956. | Golovnya and Uraletz, 1971 | N2, Celite 545, 6. K/min; Column length: 1.5 m; Tstart: 75. C; Tend: 200. C |
Packed | SE-30 | 973. | van den Dool and Kratz, 1963 | Celite; Tstart: 75. C; Tend: 228. C |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | BPX-5 | 997. | Cardeal, da Silva, et al., 2006 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 35C(5min) => 3C/min => 210C => 40C/min => 240C (4min) |
Capillary | DB-5 | 984. | Sampaio and Nogueira, 2006 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(2min) => 4C/min => 220C => 20C/min => 280C |
Capillary | CP-Sil 8CB-MS | 993. | Elmore, Mottram, et al., 2000, 2 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 0C(5min) => 40C/min => 40C (2min) => 4C/min => 280C |
Capillary | BPX-5 | 999. | Elmore, Mottram, et al., 1999 | 50. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 0C(5min) => 40C/min => 40C(2min) => 4C/min => 280C |
Capillary | SE-54 | 992. | Li, Wang, et al., 1998 | H2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Program: not specified |
Capillary | DB-5 | 993. | Mottram and Whitfield, 1995 | He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 0C => 60C/min => 60C (5min) => 4C/min => 250C |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | DB-Wax Etr | 1287. | Aubert and Chanforan, 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 15. min |
Capillary | ZB-Wax | 1269. | Ledauphin, Basset, et al., 2006 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.15 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 220. C @ 10. min |
Capillary | CP-Wax 52CB | 1281. | Alasalvar, Taylor, et al., 2005 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 35. C @ 4. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 203. C |
Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1293. | Elmore, Nisyrios, et al., 2005 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 280. C |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 1314. | Malliaa, Fernandez-Garcia, et al., 2005 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 45. C @ 1. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 12. min |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 1297. | Nielsen, Larsen, et al., 2004 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 45. C @ 10. min, 6. K/min, 240. C @ 30. min |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 1297. | Nielsen, Larsen, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 6. K/min, 240. C @ 30. min |
Capillary | AT-Wax | 1294. | Pino, Almora, et al., 2003 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 65. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 60. min |
Capillary | ZB-Wax | 1265. | Brunton, Cronin, et al., 2002 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 220. C |
Capillary | AT-Wax | 1294. | Pino and Marbot, 2001 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 65. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 60. min |
Capillary | CP-Wax 52CB | 1278. | Chevance, Farmer, et al., 2000 | 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm |
Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1289. | Chung, 1999 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min |
Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1284. | Chung and Cadwallader, 1993 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 40. min |
Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1288. | Tanchotikul and Hsieh, 1989 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 175. C @ 20. min |
Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1293. | Tanchotikul and Hsieh, 1989 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 175. C @ 20. min |
Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1289. | Vejaphan, Hsieh, et al., 1988 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 175. C @ 20. min |
Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1290. | Vejaphan, Hsieh, et al., 1988 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 175. C @ 20. min |
Packed | Carbowax 20M | 1278. | van den Dool and Kratz, 1963 | Celite 545, 4.6 K/min; Tstart: 75. C; Tend: 228. C |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1285. | Bianchi, Cantoni, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 220C(1min) |
Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1280. | Bianchi, Careri, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min) |
Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1285. | Bianchi, Careri, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min) |
Capillary | Innowax | 1319. | Larráyoz, Addis, et al., 2001 | 60. m/0.22 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C (1min) => 3C/min => 170C => 4C/min => 200C (20min) |
Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1284. | Baek and Cadwallader, 1996 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C => (6C/min) => 80C(6min) => (15C/min) => 200C(10min) |
Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1291. | Whitfield, Shea, et al., 1981 | Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.75 mm; Program: not specified |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Polydimethyl siloxane | 105. | 970. | Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009 | |
Capillary | Polydimethyl siloxane | 75. | 969. | Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009 | |
Capillary | Polydimethyl siloxane | 90. | 970. | Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009 | |
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 100. | 970. | Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007 | |
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 120. | 972. | Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007 | |
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 140. | 973. | Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007 | |
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 80. | 969. | Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007 | |
Capillary | OV-1 | 60. | 968. | Amboni, Junkes, et al., 2002 |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | VF-5 MS | 992. | Leffingwell and Alford, 2011 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 28. min; Tstart: 30. C |
Capillary | VF-5 MS | 993. | Leffingwell and Alford, 2011 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 28. min; Tstart: 30. C |
Capillary | VF-5 MS | 994. | Liu, Lu, et al., 2011 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 3. min |
Capillary | OV-101 | 978. | Zenkevich, Eliseenkov, et al., 2011 | 25. m/0.20 mm/0.25 μm, Nitrogen, 6. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 240. C |
Capillary | DB-1 | 959. | Kumazawa, Itobe, et al., 2008 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 5. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 210. C |
Capillary | HP-5 | 1003. | Mildner-Szkudlarz and Jelen, 2008 | 10. m/0.10 mm/0.40 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 1. min, 20. K/min, 280. C @ 1. min |
Capillary | 5 % Phenyl methyl siloxane | 991. | Ramirez R. and Cava R., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 7. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min |
Capillary | SPB-5 | 991. | Vasta, Ratel, et al., 2007 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 5. min |
Capillary | Ultra-2 | 992. | Schlumpberger B.O., Clery R.A., et al., 2006 | 50. m/0.25 mm/0.32 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 270. C |
Capillary | HP-1 | 965. | Bendimerad and Bendiab, 2005 | 50. m/0.2 mm/0.5 μm, He, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 60. min; Tstart: 60. C |
Capillary | HP-5 | 998.9 | Leffingwell and Alford, 2005 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 28. min |
Capillary | HP-5 | 985. | Ghannadi and Zolfaghari, 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 275. C |
Capillary | SPB-5 | 990. | Sebastian, Viallon-Fernandez, et al., 2003 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, Helium, 3. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 230. C |
Capillary | SPB-1 | 972. | Vichi, Castellote, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C |
Capillary | SPB-1 | 973. | Vichi, Pizzale, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C |
Capillary | HP-5 | 994. | Andrés, Cava, et al., 2002 | 50. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 5. K/min, 200. C @ 5. min |
Capillary | HP-5 | 992. | García, Martín, et al., 2000 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 240. C |
Capillary | HP-5 | 993. | Boylston and Viniyard, 1998 | 50. m/0.32 mm/0.52 μm, 35. C @ 15. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 45. min |
Capillary | SE-54 | 990. | Ding, Deng, et al., 1998 | 35. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Tend: 250. C |
Capillary | DB-1 | 967. | Buttery and Ling, 1995 | He, 30. C @ 25. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 20. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Capillary | HP-5 | 992. | Larsen and Frisvad, 1995 | 35. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min; Tend: 200. C |
Capillary | Cross-Linked Methylsilicone | 965. | Bravo and Hotchkiss, 1993 | He, 35. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tend: 225. C |
Capillary | DB-5 | 988.85 | Kim, Kim, et al., 1993 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.241 μm, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 160. C |
Capillary | Ultra-2 | 992. | King, Hamilton, et al., 1993 | 50. m/0.32 mm/0.52 μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 30. min |
Capillary | DB-5 | 997. | Moio, Dekimpe, et al., 1993 | 30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, H2, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 220. C |
Capillary | DB-5 | 999. | Moio, Dekimpe, et al., 1993 | 30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, H2, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 220. C |
Capillary | DB-5 | 989. | Berdague, Denoyer, et al., 1991 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 240. C |
Capillary | DB-5 | 993. | Lee, Macku, et al., 1991 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 250. C |
Capillary | DB-5 | 993. | Macku and Shibamoto, 1991 | He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 160. C |
Capillary | DB-5 | 993. | Macku and Shibamoto, 1991, 2 | He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 160. C |
Capillary | OV-101 | 974. | Zenkevich and Ventura, 1991 | Helium, 50. C @ 0. min, 5. K/min, 240. C @ 0. min; Column length: 54. m; Column diameter: 0.26 mm |
Capillary | OV-101 | 991. | Anker, Jurs, et al., 1990 | 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 200. C |
Capillary | OV-101 | 969. | Tamura, Kihara, et al., 1990 | Nitrogen, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 200. C |
Capillary | DB-1 | 969. | Habu, Flath, et al., 1985 | 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tstart: 0. C; Tend: 250. C |
Capillary | DB-1 | 968. | Habu, Flath, et al., 1985 | 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C |
Capillary | OV-101 | 969. | Stern, Flath, et al., 1985 | 40. C @ 0.1 min, 4. K/min, 225. C @ 30. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm |
Capillary | OV-101 | 967. | Stern, Flath, et al., 1985 | 50. C @ 0.1 min, 4. K/min, 225. C @ 30. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm |
Capillary | OV-101 | 970. | del Rosario, de Lumen, et al., 1984 | He, 0. C @ 1. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Tend: 225. C |
Capillary | SP 2100 | 964. | Labropoulos, Palmer, et al., 1982 | Helium, 10. K/min; Column length: 40. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 200. C |
Capillary | SE-30 | 972. | Heydanek and McGorrin, 1981 | 40. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm; Tend: 170. C |
Capillary | SE-30 | 972. | Heydanek and McGorrin, 1981, 2 | He, 40. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm; Tend: 170. C |
Capillary | OV-1 | 970. | Schreyen, Dirinck, et al., 1979 | N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 183. m; Column diameter: 0.762 mm; Tstart: 0. C; Tend: 230. C |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | TR-5 MS | 992. | Kurashov, Mitrukova, et al., 2014 | 15. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 35 0C (3 min) 2 0C/min -> 60 0C (3 min) 2 0C/min -> 80 0C (3 min) 4 0C/min -> 120 0C (3 min) 5 0C/min -> 150 0C (3 min) 15 0C/min -> 240 0C (10 min) |
Capillary | SLB-5 MS | 952. | Mondello, 2012 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified |
Capillary | SLB-5 MS | 955. | Mondello, 2012 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified |
Capillary | Polydimethyl siloxane with 5 % Ph groups | 990. | Robinson, Adams, et al., 2012 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | Polydimethyl siloxane with 5 % Ph groups | 995. | Robinson, Adams, et al., 2012 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | Siloxane, 5 % Ph | 978. | VOC BinBase, 2012 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | VF-5 MS | 992. | Liu, Lu, et al., 2011 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified |
Capillary | Polydimethyl siloxane, 5 % phenyl | 978. | Skogerson, Wohlgemuth, et al., 2011 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | BPX-5 | 1002. | se Souza, Cardeal, et al., 2009 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 35 0C (5 min) 3 0C/min -> 210 0C 40 0C/min -> 240 0C (10 min) |
Capillary | BPX-5 | 999. | se Souza, Cardeal, et al., 2009 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified |
Capillary | Squalane | 977. | Chen, 2008 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | SPB-1 | 962. | Bosch-Fuste, Riu-Aumatell, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(10min) => 2C/min => 200C(1min) => 2C/min => 250C (10min) |
Capillary | DB-5 MS | 994. | Cajka, Hajslova, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 45 0C (0.75 min) 10 0C/min -> 200 0C 30 0C/min -> 245 0C (1.25 min) |
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 947. | Chen and Feng, 2007 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 969. | Feng and Mu, 2007 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | HP-5 | 987. | Splivallo, Bossi, et al., 2007 | He; Program: 50C => 3C/min => 200C(10min) => 10C/min => 290C(10min) |
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 972. | Blunden, Aneja, et al., 2005 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, Helium; Program: -50 0C (2 min) 8 0C/min -> 200 0C (7.75 min) 25 0C -> 225 0C (8 min) |
Capillary | DB-1 | 963. | Cramer, Mattinson, et al., 2005 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 33C(5min) => 2C/min => 50c => 5C/min => 225C |
Capillary | HP-5 | 992. | Garcia-Estaban, Ansorena, et al., 2004 | 50. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm; Program: 40C(10min) => 5C/min => 200C => 20C/min => 250C(5min) |
Capillary | DB-5 | 992. | Garcia-Estaban, Ansorena, et al., 2004, 2 | 50. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm; Program: 40C(10min) => 5C/min => 200C => 20C/min => 250C (5min) |
Capillary | BPX-5 | 994. | Machiels, Istasse, et al., 2004 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40C (4min) => 2C/min => 90C => 4C/min => 130C => 8C/min => 250 C (10min) |
Capillary | SPB-5 | 990. | Begnaud, Pérès, et al., 2003 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm; Program: not specified |
Capillary | DB-5 | 991. | Chung, Heymann, et al., 2003 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 35C => 5C/min => 120C => 2C/min => 160C => 7C/min => 250C |
Capillary | Polydimethyl siloxane | 968. | Junkes, Castanho, et al., 2003 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | RTX-5 MS | 994. | Machiels and Istasse, 2003 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 35C (3min) => 10C/min => 50C => 4C/min => 200C => 50C/min => 250C (10min) |
Capillary | BPX-5 | 990. | Machiels, van Ruth, et al., 2003 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40C (4min) => 2C/min => 90C => 4C/min => 130C => 8C/min => 250 C (10min) |
Capillary | BPX-5 | 990. | Machiels, van Ruth, et al., 2003 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40C (4min) => 2C/min => 90C => 4C/min => 130C => 8C/min => 250 C (10min) |
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 947. | N/A | Program: not specified |
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 969. | Estrada and Gutierrez, 1999 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | SE-54 | 991. | Ding, Deng, et al., 1998 | Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Program: not specified |
Capillary | SPB-1 | 974. | Flanagan, Streete, et al., 1997 | 60. m/0.53 mm/5. μm, He; Program: 40C(6min) => 5C/min => 80C => 10C/min => 200C |
Capillary | Polydimethyl siloxanes | 979. | Zenkevich and Chupalov, 1996 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 966. | Misharina, 1995 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | SPB-1 | 974. | Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992 | 60. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (6 min) 5 0C/min -> 80 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C |
Capillary | OV-101 | 991. | Shibamoto, 1987 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | OV-1 | 991. | Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982 | Program: not specified |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | CP-Wax | 1275. | Mo, Fan, et al., 2009 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min, 230. C @ 15. min |
Capillary | ZB-Wax | 1323. | Zawirska-Wojtasiak, Siwulski, et al., 2009 | 60. m/0.53 mm/1.0 μm, Hydrogen, 8. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 200. C |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 1294. | Kumazawa, Itobe, et al., 2008 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 5. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 210. C |
Capillary | Innowax | 1275. | Bendimerad and Bendiab, 2005 | 50. m/0.2 mm/0.5 μm, He, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 60. min; Tstart: 60. C |
Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1307. | Rochat and Chaintreau, 2005 | 60. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 240. C @ 20. min |
Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1313. | Rochat and Chaintreau, 2005 | 60. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 240. C @ 20. min |
Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1279. | Vichi, Pizzale, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C |
Capillary | HP-FFAP | 1268. | Qian and Reineccius, 2002 | 25. m/0.32 mm/0.52 μm, 60. C @ 1. min, 5. K/min, 240. C @ 5. min |
Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1320. | Girard and Durance, 2000 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 10. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 200. C |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 1302. | Iwatsuki, Mizota, et al., 1999 | 4. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.53 mm; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 210. C |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 1303. | Iwatsuki, Mizota, et al., 1999 | 4. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.53 mm; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 210. C |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 1281. | Buttery and Ling, 1998 | 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 170. C @ 30. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Capillary | TC-Wax | 1284. | Shuichi, Masazumi, et al., 1996 | 80. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 240. C |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 1278. | Chung, Eiserich, et al., 1993 | 60. C @ 4. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 220. C |
Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1273. | Kawakami and Kobayashi, 1991 | He, 60. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 180. C |
Capillary | PEG-20M | 1262. | Kubota, Nakamoto, et al., 1991 | N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 180. C |
Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1304. | Anker, Jurs, et al., 1990 | 2. K/min; Column length: 80. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Tstart: 70. C; Tend: 170. C |
Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1294. | Tamura, Kihara, et al., 1990 | Nitrogen, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 180. C |
Packed | Carbowax | 1302. | Schieberle and Grosch, 1983 | He, Chromosorb G AW DMCS, 4. K/min; Column length: 3. m; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 180. C |
Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1278. | Labropoulos, Palmer, et al., 1982 | Helium, 10. K/min; Column length: 31. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 200. C |
Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1280. | Seifert and King, 1982 | He, 50. C @ 10. min, 1. K/min, 170. C @ 60. min; Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.64 mm |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | DB-Wax | 1285. | Canuti, Conversano, et al., 2009 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (4 min) 2.5 0C/min -> 80 0C 5 0C/min -> 110 0C 10 0C/min -> 220 0C (5 min) |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 1283. | Canuti, Conversano, et al., 2009 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 1275. | Tao, Wenlai, et al., 2008 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 50 0C 20 0C/min -> 80 0C 3 0C/min -> 230 0C |
Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1278. | Bosch-Fuste, Riu-Aumatell, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(10min) => 2C/min => 200C(1min) => 2C/min => 250C (10min) |
Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1292. | Vichi, Guadayol, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(3min) => 4C/min => 75C => 8C/min => 250C(5min) |
Capillary | Innowax FSC | 1295. | Baser, Özek, et al., 2006 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C(10min) => 4C/min >220C (10min) => 1C/min => 240C |
Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1285. | Vinogradov, 2004 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 1276. | Caldentey, Daria Fumi, et al., 1998 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 25C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C |
Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1304. | Chang, Seitz, et al., 1995 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50C(2min) => 7C/min => 140C => 17.5C/min => 230C |
Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1304. | Shibamoto, 1987 | Program: not specified |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
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Notes
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- Symbols used in this document:
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