Pyridine

Formula: C₅H₅N
Molecular weight: 79.0999
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C5H5N/c1-2-4-6-5-3-1/h1-5H
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 110-86-1
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
Isotopologues:
- Pyridine-D5-
Other names: Azabenzene; Azine; NCI-C55301; Piridina; Pirydyna; Pyridin; Rcra waste number U196; UN 1282; Pyr; CP 32; NSC 406123
Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
Information on this page:
Other data available:
- Henry's Law data
Data at other public NIST sites:
- Gas Phase Kinetics Database
- X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_fH°_gas	140.2	kJ/mol	Ccb	Hubbard, Frow, et al., 1961	ALS
Δ_fH°_gas	140.6 ± 1.5	kJ/mol	Cm	Andon, Cox, et al., 1957	ALS
Δ_fH°_gas	140.7 ± 1.5	kJ/mol	Ccb	Cox, Challoner, et al., 1954	ALS
Δ_fH°_gas	110.1	kJ/mol	N/A	Constam and White, 1903	Value computed using Δ_fH_liquid° value of 69.9 kj/mol from Constam and White, 1903 and Δ_vapH° value of 40.2 kj/mol from Hubbard, Frow, et al., 1961.; DRB

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_fH°_liquid	99.96 ± 0.50	kJ/mol	Ccb	Hubbard, Frow, et al., 1961	ALS
Δ_fH°_liquid	100.2 ± 1.5	kJ/mol	Ccb	Cox, Challoner, et al., 1954	ALS
Δ_fH°_liquid	69.9	kJ/mol	Ccb	Constam and White, 1903	ALS
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_cH°_liquid	-2725.	kJ/mol	Ccb	Strepikheev, Baranov, et al., 1962	ALS
Δ_cH°_liquid	-2782.2 ± 0.42	kJ/mol	Ccb	Hubbard, Frow, et al., 1961	ALS
Δ_cH°_liquid	-2782.4 ± 1.5	kJ/mol	Ccb	Cox, Challoner, et al., 1954	ALS
Δ_cH°_liquid	-2758.	kJ/mol	Ccb	Constam and White, 1903	ALS
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
S°_liquid	177.90	J/mol*K	N/A	McCullough, Douslin, et al., 1957	DH
S°_liquid	179.1	J/mol*K	N/A	Parks, Todd, et al., 1936	Extrapolation below 90 K, 50.04 J/mol*K.; DH
S°_liquid	210.41	J/mol*K	N/A	Pearce and Bakke, 1936	Extrapolation below 90 K, 89.33 J/mol*K.; DH

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

C_p,liquid (J/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
193.4	293.	Rastorguev and Ganiev, 1967	T = 293 to 353 K.; DH
133.	298.15	Hubbard, Frow, et al., 1961	DH
146.9	332.	Swietoslawski and Zielenkiewicz, 1958	Mean value 22 to 96°C.; DH
132.72	298.15	McCullough, Douslin, et al., 1957	T = 10 to 350 K.; DH
134.93	298.1	Parks, Todd, et al., 1936	T = 90 to 300 K.; DH
133.30	298.1	Pearce and Bakke, 1936	T = 90 to 298 K. Value is unsmoothed experimental datum.; DH
129.3	289.	Radulescu and Jula, 1934	DH
135.35	273.4	Swietoslawski, Tybicka, et al., 1931	DH
135.6	290.	Swietoslawski, Tybicka, et al., 1931, 2	DH
129.33	294.	Mathews, Krause, et al., 1917	DH
130.5	283.	Bramley, 1916	Mean value, 0 to 20°C.; DH

Phase change data

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Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_boil	388.5 ± 0.6	K	AVG	N/A	Average of 80 out of 84 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_fus	232. ± 2.	K	AVG	N/A	Average of 26 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_triple	231.48	K	N/A	Helm, Lanum, et al., 1958	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.03 K; measured in calorimeter at USBM, Bartlesville, OK; TRC
T_triple	231.480	K	N/A	McCullough, Douslin, et al., 1957, 2	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.05 K; by extrapolation of 1/f to zero; TRC
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_c	619. ± 2.	K	AVG	N/A	Average of 9 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
P_c	56.60	bar	N/A	Brunner, 1987	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.0565 bar; Visual, optical cell 30cm high. P transducer cal. vs PB.; TRC
P_c	56.40	bar	N/A	Kobe, Ravicz, et al., 1956	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 1.034 bar; TRC
P_c	60.795	bar	N/A	Herz and Neukirch, 1923	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.8106 bar; TRC
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
V_c	0.253	l/mol	N/A	Kobe, Ravicz, et al., 1956	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.005 l/mol; TRC
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_vapH°	40.3 ± 0.3	kJ/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 10 out of 11 values; Individual data points

Enthalpy of vaporization

Δ_vapH (kJ/mol)	Temperature (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
35.09	388.4	N/A	Majer and Svoboda, 1985
39.3	324.	N/A	Ukraintseva, Soldatov, et al., 1997	Based on data from 289. to 358. K.; AC
37.6	354.	N/A	Blanco, Beltran, et al., 1994	Based on data from 346. to 362. K.; AC
39.9	310.	EB	Lencka, 1990	Based on data from 295. to 388. K.; AC
39.7	311.	A	Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987	Based on data from 296. to 353. K.; AC
37.3	363.	A	Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987	Based on data from 348. to 434. K.; AC
35.0	446.	A	Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987	Based on data from 431. to 558. K.; AC
34.0	567.	A	Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987	Based on data from 552. to 620. K.; AC
37.6	355.	EB	Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987	Based on data from 340. to 426. K. See also McCullough, Douslin, et al., 1957.; AC
39.6	313.	C	Michou-Saucet, Jose, et al., 1986	Based on data from 298. to 333. K.; AC
39.4	313.	C	Majer, Svoboda, et al., 1984	AC
38.5	328.	C	Majer, Svoboda, et al., 1984	AC
37.7	343.	C	Majer, Svoboda, et al., 1984	AC
36.3	368.	N/A	Majer, Svoboda, et al., 1984	AC
37.5 ± 0.1	346.	C	McCullough, Douslin, et al., 1957	AC
36.4 ± 0.1	366.	C	McCullough, Douslin, et al., 1957	AC
35.1 ± 0.1	388.	C	McCullough, Douslin, et al., 1957	AC
38.4	335.	MG	Herington and Martin, 1953	Based on data from 320. to 388. K.; AC
44.4	273.	N/A	Meulen and Mann, 1931	Based on data from 258. to 389. K.; AC

Enthalpy of vaporization

Δ_vapH = A exp(-βT_r) (1 − T_r)^β
Δ_vapH = Enthalpy of vaporization (at saturation pressure) (kJ/mol)
T_r = reduced temperature (T / T_c)

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Temperature (K)	A (kJ/mol)	β	T_c (K)	Reference	Comment
298. to 388.	55.43	0.2536	620.	Majer and Svoboda, 1985

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
P = vapor pressure (bar)
T = temperature (K)

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Temperature (K)	A	B	C	Reference	Comment
340.5 to 426.04	4.16272	1371.358	-58.496	McCullough, Douslin, et al., 1957	Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

Enthalpy of fusion

Δ_fusH (kJ/mol)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
8.2785	231.49	McCullough, Douslin, et al., 1957	Includes energy of anomaly at about 210 K.; DH
8.28	231.5	Domalski and Hearing, 1996	AC
8.272	231.1	Parks, Todd, et al., 1936	DH
3.100	230.38	Pearce and Bakke, 1936	DH

Entropy of fusion

Δ_fusS (J/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
35.76	231.49	McCullough, Douslin, et al., 1957	Includes; DH
35.79	231.1	Parks, Todd, et al., 1936	DH
13.46	230.38	Pearce and Bakke, 1936	DH

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:

Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

C₅H₄N^- + = Pyridine

By formula: C₅H₄N^- + H⁺ = C₅H₅N

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	1631. ± 8.4	kJ/mol	IMRE	Schafman and Wenthold, 2007	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	1636. ± 10.	kJ/mol	TDEq	Meot-ner and Kafafi, 1988	gas phase; anchored to 88MEO scale, not the "87 acidity scale". The Kiefer, Zhang, et al., 1997 BDE is for ortho.; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	1601. ± 8.4	kJ/mol	TDEq	Meot-ner and Kafafi, 1988	gas phase; anchored to 88MEO scale, not the "87 acidity scale". The Kiefer, Zhang, et al., 1997 BDE is for ortho.; B
Δ_rG°	1607. ± 13.	kJ/mol	IMRB	DePuy, Kass, et al., 1988	gas phase; Comparable to water in acidity; B
Δ_rG°	<1574. ± 8.4	kJ/mol	IMRB	Bruins, Ferrer-Correia, et al., 1978	gas phase; O^- deprotonates; B

C₅H₆N⁺ + Pyridine = (C₅H₆N⁺ • )

By formula: C₅H₆N⁺ + C₅H₅N = (C₅H₆N⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	105.	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	103.	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	110.	kJ/mol	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	99.2	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1979	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	99.2	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1979	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	124.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	118.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	134.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	120.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1979	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	120.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1979	gas phase; M

Pyridine + 3 =

By formula: C₅H₅N + 3H₂ = C₅H₁₁N

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-193.8 ± 0.75	kJ/mol	Eqk	Hales and Herington, 1957	gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -202.2 ± 0.75 kJ/mol; At 400-550 K; ALS
Δ_rH°	-193.0 ± 2.1	kJ/mol	Eqk	Burrows and King, 1935	liquid phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -188.3 kJ/mol; At 423-443 K; ALS

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Cl^- + C₅H₅N = (Cl^- • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	53.1 ± 8.4	kJ/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	82.4	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	28. ± 11.	kJ/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

(C₅H₆N⁺ • 2 Pyridine ) + = (C₅H₆N⁺ • 3)

By formula: (C₅H₆N⁺ • 2C₅H₅N) + C₅H₅N = (C₅H₆N⁺ • 3C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	56.9	kJ/mol	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	159.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Li⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Li⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	181. ± 15.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Amunugama and Rodgers, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	180.	kJ/mol	ICR	Staley and Beauchamp, 1975	gas phase; switching reaction(Li+)H2O, from graph; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970 extrapolated; M

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: K⁺ + C₅H₅N = (K⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	90. ± 4.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Amunugama and Rodgers, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	86.6	kJ/mol	HPMS	Davidson and Kebarle, 1976	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	77.8	J/mol*K	HPMS	Davidson and Kebarle, 1976	gas phase; M

( • 2 Pyridine ) + = ( • 3)

By formula: (Ag⁺ • 2C₅H₅N) + C₅H₅N = (Ag⁺ • 3C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	69.9	kJ/mol	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	117.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M

( • 3 Pyridine ) + = ( • 4)

By formula: (Ag⁺ • 3C₅H₅N) + C₅H₅N = (Ag⁺ • 4C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	74.9	kJ/mol	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	169.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M

( • Pyridine ) + = ( • 2)

By formula: (Cl^- • C₅H₅N) + C₅H₅N = (Cl^- • 2C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	49.0	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	94.6	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M

(C₅H₆N⁺ • Pyridine ) + = (C₅H₆N⁺ • 2)

By formula: (C₅H₆N⁺ • C₅H₅N) + C₅H₅N = (C₅H₆N⁺ • 2C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	52.7	kJ/mol	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	124.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M

H₂O₃^- + Pyridine + = C₅H₇NO₃^-

By formula: H₂O₃^- + C₅H₅N + H₂O = C₅H₇NO₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	137. ± 9.6	kJ/mol	N/A	Le Barbu, Schiedt, et al., 2002	gas phase; Affinity is difference in EAs of lesser solvated species; B

+ Pyridine = C₅H₅NO₂^-

By formula: O₂^- + C₅H₅N = C₅H₅NO₂^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	90.8 ± 9.6	kJ/mol	N/A	Le Barbu, Schiedt, et al., 2002	gas phase; Affinity is difference in EAs of lesser solvated species; B

+ Pyridine = C₅H₅N₂O^-

By formula: NO^- + C₅H₅N = C₅H₅N₂O^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	56.9 ± 9.6	kJ/mol	N/A	Le Barbu, Schiedt, et al., 2002	gas phase; Affinity is difference in EAs of lesser solvated species; B

3 + = 3 Pyridine + KClO₃

By formula: 3C₅H₅NO + ClK = 3C₅H₅N + KClO₃

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	315. ± 10.	kJ/mol	Cm	Shaofeng and Pilcher, 1988	solid phase; ALS

3 + = 3 Pyridine + KBrO₃

By formula: 3C₅H₅NO + BrK = 3C₅H₅N + KBrO₃

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	313.6 ± 9.6	kJ/mol	Cm	Shaofeng and Pilcher, 1988	solid phase; ALS

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Fe⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Fe⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	223. ± 9.2	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Cr⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Cr⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	197. ± 12.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Ti⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Ti⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	217. ± 9.6	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Mn⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Mn⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	182. ± 8.8	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Sc⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Sc⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	231. ± 10.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Mg⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Mg⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	200. ± 6.7	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: V⁺ + C₅H₅N = (V⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	218. ± 13.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Ni⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Ni⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	255. ± 15.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Al⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Al⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	190. ± 10.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Zn⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Zn⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	247. ± 7.1	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Co⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Co⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	247. ± 13.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Cu⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Cu⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	246. ± 10.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Na⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Na⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	127. ± 3.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Amunugama and Rodgers, 2000	RCD

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
MM - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner)
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
IE (evaluated)	9.26 ± 0.01	eV	N/A	N/A	L
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Proton affinity (review)	930.	kJ/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	HL
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Gas basicity	898.1	kJ/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	HL

Proton affinity at 298K

Proton affinity (kJ/mol)	Reference	Comment
936.5 ± 8.5	Wind, Papp, et al., 2005	T = 298K; MM

Protonation entropy at 298K

Protonation entropy (J/mol*K)	Reference	Comment
-1. ± 10.	Wind, Papp, et al., 2005	T = 298K; MM

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV)	Method	Reference	Comment
9.34 ± 0.03	EI	Arimura and Yoshikawa, 1984	LBLHLM
9.25	TRPI	Lifshitz, 1982	LBLHLM
9.60	PE	Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981	LLK
9.26	PE	Utsunomiya, Kobayashi, et al., 1978	LLK
9.25	PI	Eland, Berkowitz, et al., 1978	LLK
9.74 ± 0.05	EI	Zaretskii, Oren, et al., 1976	LLK
~9.5	EI	Van Veen and Plantenga, 1975	LLK
9.9 ± 0.1	EI	Stefanovic and Grutzmacher, 1974	LLK
9.263	PE	King, Murrell, et al., 1972	LLK
9.66 ± 0.03	EI	Johnstone and Mellon, 1972	LLK
9.70 ± 0.05	EI	Distefano, Foffani, et al., 1971	LLK
9.70	EI	Distefano, Foffani, et al., 1971, 2	LLK
9.30 ± 0.01	PI	Potapov and Sorokin, 1970	RDSH
9.10	PE	Goffart, Momigny, et al., 1969	RDSH
9.10 ± 0.01	PI	Goffart, Momigny, et al., 1969	RDSH
9.31	PE	Dewar and Worley, 1969	RDSH
9.28	PE	Al-Joboury and Turner, 1964	RDSH
9.20 ± 0.05	PI	Akopyan and Vilesov, 1964	RDSH
9.4	PI	Terenin, 1961	RDSH
9.266	S	El-Sayed, Kaaba, et al., 1961	RDSH
9.23 ± 0.03	PI	Watanabe, 1957	RDSH
9.8 ± 0.2	EI	Hustrulid, Kusch, et al., 1938	RDSH
9.51	PE	Klasinc, Novak, et al., 1978	Vertical value; LLK
9.66	PE	Kobayashi and Nagakura, 1974	Vertical value; LLK
9.7	PE	Batich, Heilbronner, et al., 1973	Vertical value; LLK
9.6 ± 0.5	PE	Heilbronner, Hornung, et al., 1972	Vertical value; LLK
9.59	PE	Gleiter, Heilbronner, et al., 1970	Vertical value; RDSH

Appearance energy determinations

Ion	AE (eV)	Other Products	Method	Reference	Comment
C₃H₃⁺	14.00 ± 0.10	?	EI	Momigny, Urbain, et al., 1965	RDSH
C₃H₃N⁺	13.84 ± 0.10	C₂H₂	EI	Momigny, Urbain, et al., 1965	RDSH
C₄H₂⁺	16.17 ± 0.10	HCN+H₂	EI	Momigny, Urbain, et al., 1965	RDSH
C₄H₃⁺	16.61 ± 0.10	HCN+H	EI	Momigny, Urbain, et al., 1965	RDSH
C₄H₄⁺	11.84 ± 0.05	HCN	TRPI	Lifshitz and Malinovich, 1984	LBLHLM
C₄H₄⁺	12.6 ± 0.1	HCN	EI	Burgers and Holmes, 1984	LBLHLM
C₄H₄⁺	12.34 ± 0.05	HCN	EI	Burgers and Holmes, 1984	LBLHLM
C₄H₄⁺	12.0 ± 0.2	HCN	TRPI	Lifshitz, 1982	LBLHLM
C₄H₄⁺	12.15 ± 0.02	HCN	PIPECO	Rosenstock, Stockbauer, et al., 1981	LLK
C₄H₄⁺	11.8	HCN	PI	Eland, Berkowitz, et al., 1978	LLK
C₄H₄⁺	12.3 ± 0.1	HCN	EI	Rosenstock, McCulloh, et al., 1977	LLK
C₄H₄⁺	13.41 ± 0.05	HCN	EI	Zaretskii, Oren, et al., 1976	LLK
C₄H₄⁺	13.28	HCN	EI	Beynon, Hopkinson, et al., 1969	RDSH
C₅H₃N⁺	12.42 ± 0.10	H₂	EI	Momigny, Urbain, et al., 1965	RDSH
C₅H₄N⁺	14.00 ± 0.10	H	EI	Momigny, Urbain, et al., 1965	RDSH

De-protonation reactions

C₅H₄N^- + = Pyridine

By formula: C₅H₄N^- + H⁺ = C₅H₅N

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	1631. ± 8.4	kJ/mol	IMRE	Schafman and Wenthold, 2007	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	1636. ± 10.	kJ/mol	TDEq	Meot-ner and Kafafi, 1988	gas phase; anchored to 88MEO scale, not the "87 acidity scale". The Kiefer, Zhang, et al., 1997 BDE is for ortho.; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	1601. ± 8.4	kJ/mol	TDEq	Meot-ner and Kafafi, 1988	gas phase; anchored to 88MEO scale, not the "87 acidity scale". The Kiefer, Zhang, et al., 1997 BDE is for ortho.; B
Δ_rG°	1607. ± 13.	kJ/mol	IMRB	DePuy, Kass, et al., 1988	gas phase; Comparable to water in acidity; B
Δ_rG°	<1574. ± 8.4	kJ/mol	IMRB	Bruins, Ferrer-Correia, et al., 1978	gas phase; O^- deprotonates; B

Ion clustering data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar
B - John E. Bartmess

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

( • 2 Pyridine ) + = ( • 3)

By formula: (Ag⁺ • 2C₅H₅N) + C₅H₅N = (Ag⁺ • 3C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	69.9	kJ/mol	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	117.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M

( • 3 Pyridine ) + = ( • 4)

By formula: (Ag⁺ • 3C₅H₅N) + C₅H₅N = (Ag⁺ • 4C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	74.9	kJ/mol	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	169.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Al⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Al⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	190. ± 10.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

C₅H₆N⁺ + Pyridine = (C₅H₆N⁺ • )

By formula: C₅H₆N⁺ + C₅H₅N = (C₅H₆N⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	105.	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	103.	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	110.	kJ/mol	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	99.2	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1979	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	99.2	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1979	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	124.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	118.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	134.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	120.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1979	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	120.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1979	gas phase; M

(C₅H₆N⁺ • Pyridine ) + = (C₅H₆N⁺ • 2)

By formula: (C₅H₆N⁺ • C₅H₅N) + C₅H₅N = (C₅H₆N⁺ • 2C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	52.7	kJ/mol	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	124.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M

(C₅H₆N⁺ • 2 Pyridine ) + = (C₅H₆N⁺ • 3)

By formula: (C₅H₆N⁺ • 2C₅H₅N) + C₅H₅N = (C₅H₆N⁺ • 3C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	56.9	kJ/mol	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	159.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Cl^- + C₅H₅N = (Cl^- • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	53.1 ± 8.4	kJ/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	82.4	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	28. ± 11.	kJ/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

( • Pyridine ) + = ( • 2)

By formula: (Cl^- • C₅H₅N) + C₅H₅N = (Cl^- • 2C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	49.0	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	94.6	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Co⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Co⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	247. ± 13.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Cr⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Cr⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	197. ± 12.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Cu⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Cu⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	246. ± 10.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Fe⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Fe⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	223. ± 9.2	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

H₂O₃^- + Pyridine + = C₅H₇NO₃^-

By formula: H₂O₃^- + C₅H₅N + H₂O = C₅H₇NO₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	137. ± 9.6	kJ/mol	N/A	Le Barbu, Schiedt, et al., 2002	gas phase; Affinity is difference in EAs of lesser solvated species; B

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: K⁺ + C₅H₅N = (K⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	90. ± 4.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Amunugama and Rodgers, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	86.6	kJ/mol	HPMS	Davidson and Kebarle, 1976	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	77.8	J/mol*K	HPMS	Davidson and Kebarle, 1976	gas phase; M

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Li⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Li⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	181. ± 15.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Amunugama and Rodgers, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	180.	kJ/mol	ICR	Staley and Beauchamp, 1975	gas phase; switching reaction(Li+)H2O, from graph; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970 extrapolated; M

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Mg⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Mg⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	200. ± 6.7	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Mn⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Mn⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	182. ± 8.8	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

+ Pyridine = C₅H₅N₂O^-

By formula: NO^- + C₅H₅N = C₅H₅N₂O^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	56.9 ± 9.6	kJ/mol	N/A	Le Barbu, Schiedt, et al., 2002	gas phase; Affinity is difference in EAs of lesser solvated species; B

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Na⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Na⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	127. ± 3.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Amunugama and Rodgers, 2000	RCD

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Ni⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Ni⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	255. ± 15.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

+ Pyridine = C₅H₅NO₂^-

By formula: O₂^- + C₅H₅N = C₅H₅NO₂^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	90.8 ± 9.6	kJ/mol	N/A	Le Barbu, Schiedt, et al., 2002	gas phase; Affinity is difference in EAs of lesser solvated species; B

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Sc⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Sc⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	231. ± 10.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Ti⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Ti⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	217. ± 9.6	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: V⁺ + C₅H₅N = (V⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	218. ± 13.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Zn⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Zn⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	247. ± 7.1	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

IR Spectrum

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

Data compiled by: Tanya L. Myers, Russell G. Tonkyn, Ashley M. Oeck, Tyler O. Danby, John S. Loring, Matthew S. Taubman, Stephen W. Sharpe, Jerome C. Birnbaum, and Timothy J. Johnson

liquid; Bruker Tensor 27 FTIR; 0.4821395 cm^-1 resolution

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Additional Data

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Due to licensing restrictions, this spectrum cannot be downloaded.

Owner	NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin	Japan AIST/NIMC Database- Spectrum MS-NW- 79
NIST MS number	227742

All mass spectra in this site (plus many more) are available from the NIST/EPA/NIH Mass Spectral Library. Please see the following for information about the library and its accompanying search program.

UV/Visible spectrum

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled by: Victor Talrose, Eugeny B. Stern, Antonina A. Goncharova, Natalia A. Messineva, Natalia V. Trusova, Margarita V. Efimkina

Spectrum

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Additional Data

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Download spectrum in JCAMP-DX format.

Source	missing citation
Owner	INEP CP RAS, NIST OSRD Collection (C) 2007 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin	INSTITUTE OF ENERGY PROBLEMS OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS, RAS
Source reference	RAS UV No. 1112
Instrument	Zeiss PMQII
Melting point	-41.6
Boiling point	115.2

Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, References, Notes

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	Temperature (C)	I	Reference	Comment
Packed	PMS-1000	90.	726.	Arutyunov, Kudryashov, et al., 2004	N2, Chromaton N-AW-DMCS; Column length: 2. m
Packed	Apiezon L	160.	749.	Kurbatova, Finkelstein, et al., 2004	Chromaton N-AW; Column length: 1. m; Large deviations from similar measurements
Packed	C78, Branched paraffin	130.	724.4	Dallos, Sisak, et al., 2000	He; Column length: 3.3 m
Capillary	HP-101	60.	727.87	Garay, 2000	50. m/0.2 mm/0.2 μm, H2
Capillary	OV-101	110.	748.	Golovnya, Kuz'menko, et al., 2000	He; Phase thickness: 0.4 μm
Capillary	OV-101	110.	738.	Zhuravleva, 2000	50. m/0.3 mm/0.4 μm, He
Capillary	Squalane	200.	740.	Castello, Vezzani, et al., 1999
Capillary	OV-101	110.	739.	Golovnya, Kuz'menko, et al., 1999	50. m/0.3 mm/0.4 μm, He
Capillary	OV-101	110.	756.	Terenina, Zhuravieva, et al., 1997	50. m/0.3 mm/0.4 μm, He
Capillary	SPB-1	60.	706.	Castello, Vezzani, et al., 1994	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He
Packed	Porapack Q	200.	728.	Gawdzik and Matynia, 1994	H2; Column length: 1. m
Packed	SE-30	120.	738.	Kowalski, 1992	He, Gas Chrom Q (100-120 mesh); Column length: 0.25 m
Packed	C78, Branched paraffin	130.	723.4	Reddy, Dutoit, et al., 1992	Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 3.3 m
Capillary	HP-1	60.	729.	Zhang, Li, et al., 1992	N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
Capillary	HP-1	100.	738.	Zhang, Li, et al., 1992	N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
Packed	Apolane	130.	726.	Dutoit, 1991	Column length: 3.7 m
Capillary	SE-30	110.	738.	Samusenko and Golovnya, 1988	25. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
Capillary	SE-30	80.	732.	Samusenko and Golovnya, 1988	25. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
Packed	OV-1	120.	737.	Betts, 1986	N2; Column length: 1.5 m
Packed	SE-30	120.	743.	Betts, 1986	N2; Column length: 1. m
Packed	SP-2100	120.	746.	Betts, 1986	N2; Column length: 1. m
Capillary	OV-101	150.	745.	Morishita, Morimoto, et al., 1986	N2; Column length: 20. m; Column diameter: 0.23 mm
Capillary	OV-101	80.	732.	Samusenko, Svetlova, et al., 1986	25. m/0.25 mm/0.156 μm, He
Capillary	OV-101	80.	732.	Samusenko, Svetlova, et al., 1986	35. m/0.25 mm/0.125 μm, He
Capillary	OV-101	80.	735.	Samusenko, Svetlova, et al., 1986	35. m/0.25 mm/0.125 μm, He
Capillary	OV-101	80.	735.	Samusenko, Svetlova, et al., 1986	35. m/0.25 mm/0.125 μm, He
Capillary	OV-101	80.	733.	Samusenko, Svetlova, et al., 1986	50. m/0.25 mm/0.125 μm, He
Packed	OV-101	130.	692.	Osmialowski, Halkiewicz, et al., 1985	Ar, Chromosorb W HP; Column length: 1. m
Packed	SE-30	120.	741.	Stolyarov and Kartsova, 1984	N2; Column length: 200. m
Packed	OV-1	120.	741.	Valko, Papp, et al., 1984	Gas Chrom Q; Column length: 2. m
Packed	Apolane	100.	719.	Castello and D'Amato, 1983	He, Chromosorb G; Column length: 3. m
Packed	Squalane	100.	707.	Castello and D'Amato, 1983	He, Chromosorb G; Column length: 3. m
Packed	Squalane	120.	699.	Castello and D'Amato, 1983	He, Chromosorb G; Column length: 3. m
Packed	Squalane	125.	711.	Castello and D'Amato, 1983	He, Chromosorb G; Column length: 3. m
Packed	Squalane	200.	740.	Castello and D'Amato, 1983	He, Chromosorb G; Column length: 3. m
Packed	SE-30	100.	743.	Winskowski, 1983	Gaschrom Q; Column length: 2. m
Packed	Porapack Q	200.	690.	Goebel, 1982	N2
Packed	Triacontane	80.	735.	Castello and D'Amato, 1979	He, Chromosorb W AW (60-80 mesh); Column length: 3. m
Packed	Squalane	80.	751.	Castello and D'Amato, 1979	He, Chromosorb W AW (60-80 mesh); Column length: 3. m
Packed	Squalane	100.	721.6	Gröbler and Bálizs, 1979	Column length: 1. m
Capillary	Apiezon M	120.	739.	Golovnya and Misharina, 1977
Packed	Apiezon L	130.	751.	Shatts, Avots, et al., 1977	He, Chromosorb W AW-DMCS; Column length: 2.4 m
Packed	Apolane	70.	705.9	Riedo, Fritz, et al., 1976	He, Chromosorb; Column length: 2.4 m
Packed	Apiezon L	100.	734.	Zhuravleva, Kapustin, et al., 1976	N2 or He, Chromosorb G, AW; Column length: 2.7 m
Packed	SE-30	150.	750.	Ashes and Haken, 1974	Celaton (62-72 mesh); Column length: 3.7 m
Packed	Apiezon L	110.	728.	Bark and Wheatstone, 1974	N2, Chromosorb W AW-DCMS; Column length: 2. m
Packed	Apiezon L	130.	736.	Bark and Wheatstone, 1974	N2, Chromosorb W AW-DCMS; Column length: 2. m
Packed	Apiezon L	150.	748.	Bark and Wheatstone, 1974	N2, Chromosorb W AW-DCMS; Column length: 2. m
Packed	PMS-100	130.	720.	Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973	He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m
Packed	PMS-100	150.	725.	Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973	He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m
Packed	PMS-100	180.	730.	Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973	He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m
Packed	DC-200	120.	730.	Reymond, Mueggler-Chavan, et al., 1966	Celite; Column length: 4. m
Packed	SE-30	120.	725.	Viani, Müggler-Chavan, et al., 1965	He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 6. m

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DB-1	717.	Takeoka, Perrino, et al., 1996	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	DB-1	719.	Takeoka, Perrino, et al., 1996	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	OV-101	733.	Shibamoto, Kamiya, et al., 1981	N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 80. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	OV-101	736.	Shibamoto, Kamiya, et al., 1981	N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 80. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	OV-101	695.	Yamaguchi and Shibamoto, 1979	N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 70. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	OV-101	696.	Yamaguchi and Shibamoto, 1979	N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 70. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	BP-1	722.	SGE, 2005	Program: not specified
Capillary	BP-5	746.	SGE, 2005	Program: not specified
Capillary	BPX-5	750.	SGE, 2005	Program: not specified
Capillary	SPB-1	731.5	Castello, Timossi, et al., 1988	N2; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.75 mm; Program: not specified
Packed	SE-30	740.	Moffat, Stead, et al., 1974	Chromosrb G; Column length: 2. m; Program: not specified

Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal

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Column type	Active phase	Temperature (C)	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	PEG-40M	150.	1195.	Terenina, Zhuravieva, et al., 1997	50. m/0.3 mm/0.4 μm, He
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	60.	1187.	Castello, Vezzani, et al., 1994	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He
Capillary	PEG-40M	110.	1195.	Golovnya, Samusenko, et al., 1987	He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm
Capillary	PEG-40M	80.	1180.	Golovnya, Samusenko, et al., 1987	He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm
Packed	Carbowax 20M	80.	1177.	Kersten and Poole, 1987	N2, Chromosorb W-AW; Column length: 3.5 m
Packed	PEG-20M	120.	1180.	Betts, 1986	Column length: 1. m
Packed	PEG-20M	120.	1216.	Stolyarov and Kartsova, 1984	N2, Chromaton N AW HMDS; Column length: 2. m
Packed	Carbowax 20M	75.	1224.	Goebel, 1982	N2, Kieselgur (60-100 mesh); Column length: 2. m
Packed	Carbowax 20M	100.	1190.	Bark and Wheatstone, 1974	N2, Chromosorb W AW-DCMS; Column length: 2. m
Packed	Carbowax 20M	110.	1193.	Bark and Wheatstone, 1974	N2, Chromosorb W AW-DCMS; Column length: 2. m
Packed	Carbowax 20M	90.	1185.	Bark and Wheatstone, 1974	N2, Chromosorb W AW-DCMS; Column length: 2. m
Packed	PEG-2000	150.	1233.	Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973	He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m
Packed	PEG-2000	152.	1227.	Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973	He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m
Packed	PEG-2000	180.	1233.	Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973	He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m

Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DB-Wax	1193.	Shimoda and Shibamoto, 1990	He, 40. C @ 6. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 190. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1185.	Tatsuka, Suekane, et al., 1990	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1187.	Tatsuka, Suekane, et al., 1990	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	BP-20	1180.	MacLeod and Pieris, 1983	H2, 65. C @ 3. min, 12. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1180.	Shibamoto, Kamiya, et al., 1981	N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1181.	Shibamoto, Kamiya, et al., 1981	N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C

Kovats' RI, polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	BP-20	1185.	SGE, 2005	Program: not specified
Capillary	PEG-20M	1181.	Slizhov and Gavrilenko, 2001	He; Column length: 10. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1190.1	Castello, Timossi, et al., 1988	N2; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.75 mm; Program: not specified

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DB-5	747.	Methven L., Tsoukka M., et al., 2007	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 260. C @ 10. min
Capillary	5 % Phenyl methyl siloxane	769.	Estevez, Ventanas, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 7. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
Capillary	HP-5MS	753.	Pino, Mesa, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
Capillary	CP-Sil 8CB-MS	751.	Hierro, de la Hoz, et al., 2004	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min
Capillary	SPB-5	753.	Pino, Marbot, et al., 2004	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
Capillary	CP Sil 5 CB	695.	Pino, Almora, et al., 2003	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 280. C @ 60. min
Capillary	SPB-5	752.	Pino, Marbot, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
Capillary	DB-5	735.6	Song, Lai, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	DB-5	736.7	Song, Lai, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	DB-5	739.1	Song, Lai, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 6. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	SPB-5	752.	Pino, Marbot, et al., 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
Capillary	BPX-5	741.	Ames, Guy, et al., 2001	50. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-1	717.	Kim, 2001	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	BPX-5	756.	Oruna-Concha, Duckham, et al., 2001	50. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
Capillary	BPX-5	756.	Oruna-Concha, Duckham, et al., 2001	50. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
Capillary	BPX-5	756.	Oruna-Concha, Duckham, et al., 2001	50. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
Capillary	BPX-5	757.	Oruna-Concha, Duckham, et al., 2001	50. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-1	726.	Bartelt, 1997	30. m/0.32 mm/5. μm, He, 35. C @ 1. min, 10. K/min; T_end: 270. C
Capillary	OV-1	715.5	Gautzsch and Zinn, 1996	8. K/min; T_start: 35. C; T_end: 300. C
Capillary	DB-5	735.6	Lai and Song, 1995	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	DB-5	736.7	Lai and Song, 1995	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	DB-5	739.1	Lai and Song, 1995	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 6. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	OV-101	737.	Golovnya, Samusenko, et al., 1988	He, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 100. C
Capillary	OV-101	734.	Golovnya, Samusenko, et al., 1988	He, 8. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 70. C
Capillary	OV-101	736.	Golovnya, Samusenko, et al., 1988	He, 4. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 80. C
Packed	SE-30	731.	Peng, Ding, et al., 1988	He, Supelcoport and Chromosorb, 40. C @ 4. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 60. min; Column length: 3.05 m
Capillary	DB-5	736.	Premecz and Ford, 1987	He, 60. C @ 10. min, 10. K/min, 280. C @ 3. min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
Capillary	OV-1	719.	Schreyen, Dirinck, et al., 1976	N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 183. m; T_start: 0. C; T_end: 230. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	CP Sil 8 CB	761.	Duckham, Dodson, et al., 2001	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 0C => rapidly => 40C(8min) => 4C/min => 250C(10min)
Capillary	CP-Sil 8CB-MS	749.	Elmore, Mottram, et al., 2000	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 0C(5min) => 40C/min => 40C (2min) => 4C/min => 280C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DB-Wax	1196.	Lopez-Galilea I., Fournier N., et al., 2006	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 5. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min; T_start: 40. C
Capillary	CP-Wax 52CB	1170.	Mahadevan and Farmer, 2006	60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
Capillary	Stabilwax	1168.	Cros S., Lignot B., et al., 2005	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
Capillary	Stabilwax	1170.	Cros, Lignot, et al., 2005	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
Capillary	Stabilwax	1170.	Cros, Vandanjon, et al., 2003	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
Capillary	AT-Wax	1164.	Pino, Almora, et al., 2003	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 65. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 60. min
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1179.	Chung, Yung, et al., 2002	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1179.	Chung, Yung, et al., 2001	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1179.	Kim, 2001	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 200. C @ 30. min
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1179.	Chung, 2000	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min; T_start: 35. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1202.	Le Guen, Prost, et al., 2000	60. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1180.	Chung, 1999	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1179.	Chung, 1999, 2	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1195.	Chung, Eiserich, et al., 1994	He, 60. C @ 4. min, 3. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
Capillary	DB-Wax	1183.	Sumitani, Suekane, et al., 1994	He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1174.	Chung and Cadwallader, 1993	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 40. min
Capillary	CP-WAX 57CB	1182.	Baltes and Mevissen, 1988	He, 50. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.24 mm; T_end: 210. C
Capillary	PEG-40M	1194.	Golovnya, Samusenko, et al., 1988	25. m/0.32 mm/0.80 μm, He, 2. K/min; T_start: 100. C
Capillary	PEG-40M	1191.	Golovnya, Samusenko, et al., 1988	25. m/0.32 mm/0.80 μm, He, 8. K/min; T_start: 70. C
Capillary	PEG-40M	1192.	Golovnya, Samusenko, et al., 1988	25. m/0.32 mm/0.80 μm, He, 8. K/min; T_start: 70. C
Capillary	PEG-40M	1189.	Golovnya, Samusenko, et al., 1988	25. m/0.32 mm/0.80 μm, He, 4. K/min; T_start: 80. C
Capillary	CP-WAX 57CB	1209.	Salter L.J., Mottram D.S., et al., 1988	60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	CP-WAX 57CB	1209.	Whitfield, Mottram, et al., 1988	He, 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
Capillary	CP-WAX 57CB	1211.	Whitfield, Mottram, et al., 1988	He, 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
Capillary	CAM	1182.744	Premecz and Ford, 1987	He, 60. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 240. C @ 21. min; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.24 mm

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	FFAP	1218.	Ranau, Kleeberg, et al., 2005	60. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 50C(3min) => 3C/min => 100C => 10C/min => 220C(13.5min)
Capillary	FFAP	1218.	Ranau and Steinhart, 2005	60. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 50C(3min) => 3C/min => 100C => 10C/min => 220C (13.5min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1176.	Cantergiani, Brevard, et al., 2001	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 20C(30s) => fast => 60C => 4C/min => 220C (20min)
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1173.	Baek and Cadwallader, 1996	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C => (6C/min) => 80C(6min) => (15C/min) => 200C(10min)
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1183.	Sing, Smadja, et al., 1992	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 20C(0.5min) => 60C => 4C/min => 250C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	Temperature (C)	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	Polydimethyl siloxane	105.	732.	Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009
Capillary	Polydimethyl siloxane	75.	725.	Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009
Capillary	Polydimethyl siloxane	90.	729.	Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009
Packed	Polydimethyl siloxane	120.	736.	Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009
Packed	Polydimethyl siloxane	120.	736.	Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009
Packed	Polydimethyl siloxane	120.	738.	Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	100.	732.	Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	120.	736.	Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	140.	742.	Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	80.	726.	Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	120.	736.	Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	120.	738.	Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	120.	739.	Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007
Capillary	OV-101	130.	692.	Qi, Yang, et al., 2000
Packed	Synachrom	150.	699.	Dufka, Malinsky, et al., 1971	Helium, Synachrom (60-80 mesh); Column length: 1.5 m

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	HP-5 MS	736.	Kotowska, Zalikowski, et al., 2012	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 35. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 300. C @ 15. min
Capillary	HP-5 MS	753.	Lazarevic, Radulovic, et al., 2010	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 5. K/min; T_start: 70. C; T_end: 290. C
Capillary	HP-5 MS	739.	Radulovic, Blagojevic, et al., 2010	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 5. K/min, 290. C @ 10. min; T_start: 70. C
Capillary	HP-5	743.	Radulovic, Dordevic, et al., 2010	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen, 5. K/min; T_start: 70. C; T_end: 290. C
Capillary	HP-5 MS	769.	Radulovic, Dordevic, et al., 2010, 2	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 5. K/min, 290. C @ 10. min; T_start: 70. C
Capillary	ZB-5	742.	Harrison and Priest, 2009	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 1. min, 6. K/min, 280. C @ 9. min
Capillary	HP-5 MS	740.	Kim and Chung, 2009	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 30. min
Capillary	VF-5	740.	Li and Zhao, 2009	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 300. C @ 10. min
Capillary	SPB-5	748.	Sivadier, Ratel, et al., 2009	60. m/0.32 mm/1.00 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min
Capillary	SLB-5MS	762.	Risticevic, Carasek, et al., 2008	10. m/0.18 mm/0.18 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 1.5 min, 10. K/min; T_end: 295. C
Capillary	5 % Phenyl methyl siloxane	751.	Ramirez R. and Cava R., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 7. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
Capillary	DB-5	732.	Fadel, Mageed, et al., 2006	He, 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	DB-5	727.	Fadel, Mageed, et al., 2006, 2	He, 50. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	HP-5	752.5	Leffingwell and Alford, 2005	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 28. min
Capillary	MDN-5	746.	van Loon, Linssen, et al., 2005	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min, 270. C @ 5. min
Capillary	MDN-5	745.	van Loon, Linssen, et al., 2005	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min, 270. C @ 5. min
Capillary	SPB-5	752.	Pino, Marbot, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
Capillary	5 % Phenyl methyl siloxane	751.	Ramírez, Estévez, et al., 2004	0. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 7. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
Capillary	DB-5	752.	Pino, Marbot, et al., 2003, 2	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 60. C @ 10. min, 4. K/min, 280. C @ 40. min
Capillary	HP-1	712.	Valette, Fernandez, et al., 2003	50. m/0.2 mm/0.5 μm, He, 2. K/min, 220. C @ 40. min; T_start: 60. C
Capillary	SPB-5	752.	Pino, Marbot, et al., 2002, 2	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
Capillary	SPB-5	743.	Poligné, Collignan, et al., 2001	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-1	728.	Chen and Ho, 1998	60. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 260. C
Capillary	DB-1	728.	Chen, Wang, et al., 1998	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 260. C
Capillary	DB-1	738.	Tai and Ho, 1998	60. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, He, 2. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 280. C
Capillary	DB-1	733.	Lu, Yu, et al., 1997	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min, 280. C @ 40. min
Capillary	DB-1	712.	Buttery, Stern, et al., 1994	He, 30. C @ 25. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 20. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
Capillary	OV-101	695.	Egolf and Jurs, 1993	2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-5	741.	Moio, Dekimpe, et al., 1993	30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, H2, 3. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	DB-5	744.	Moio, Dekimpe, et al., 1993	30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, H2, 3. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	DB-1	694.	Ishihara, Tsuneya, et al., 1992	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	DB-1	702.	Ishihara, Tsuneya, et al., 1992	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	DB-5	751.	Macku and Shibamoto, 1991	He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 160. C
Capillary	DB-5	750.	Macku and Shibamoto, 1991, 2	He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 160. C
Capillary	OV-101	744.	Misharina, Golovnya, et al., 1991	50. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 4. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	HP-5	712.	Spadone, Takeoka, et al., 1990	H2, 16. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	HP-5	739.	Spadone, Takeoka, et al., 1990	H2, 16. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	SE-30	718.	Heydanek and McGorrin, 1981	40. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm; T_end: 170. C
Capillary	SE-30	720.	Heydanek and McGorrin, 1981, 2	He, 40. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm; T_end: 170. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	HP-5 MS	753.	Kotowska, Zalikowski, et al., 2012	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-5 MS	772.	Rodrigues, Hanson, et al., 2012	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (1 min) 3 0C/min -> 150 0C (15 min) 5 0C/min -> 250 0C (5 min)
Capillary	RTX-5 MS	753.	Mebazaa, Mahmoudi, et al., 2009	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-5	748.	Pugliese, Sirtori, et al., 2009	50. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	SLB-5MS	726.	Risticevic, Carasek, et al., 2008	10. m/0.18 mm/0.18 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-1	716.	Barra, Baldovini, et al., 2007	50. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 2C/min => 200C => 15C/min => 250C (30min)
Capillary	HP-5	755.	Splivallo, Bossi, et al., 2007	He; Program: 50C => 3C/min => 200C(10min) => 10C/min => 290C(10min)
Capillary	Polydimethyl siloxane with 5 % Ph groups	753.	Pino, Marbot, et al., 2005, 2	Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-5	749.	Garcia-Estaban, Ansorena, et al., 2004	50. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm; Program: 40C(10min) => 5C/min => 200C => 20C/min => 250C(5min)
Capillary	DB-5	749.	Garcia-Estaban, Ansorena, et al., 2004, 2	50. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm; Program: 40C(10min) => 5C/min => 200C => 20C/min => 250C (5min)
Capillary	SPB-5	738.	Begnaud, Pérès, et al., 2003	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm; Program: not specified
Capillary	CP Sil 5 CB	724.	Counet, Callemien, et al., 2002	50. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm; Program: 36C => 20C/min => 85C => 1C/min => 145C=3C/min => 250C(30min)
Capillary	Apiezon L	749.	Finkelstein, Kurbatova, et al., 2002	Program: not specified
Capillary	CP Sil 5 CB	712.	Guyot-Declerck, Renson, et al., 2002	50. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm, He; Program: 36C => 20C/min => 85C => 1C/min => 145C => 3C/min => 250C
Capillary	Methyl phenyl siloxane (not specified)	743.	Poligne, Collignan, et al., 2002	Program: not specified
Capillary	CP Sil 8 CB	756.	Duckham, Dodson, et al., 2001	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-5 MS	759.	Luo and Agnew, 2001	30. m/0.25 mm/1.0 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	SE-30	756.	Li, Gao, et al., 2000	Program: not specified
Capillary	CP Sil 5 CB	711.	Guyot, Bouseta, et al., 1998	50. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm, He; Program: 30C => 55C/min => 85C => 1C/min => 145C => 3C/min => 250C
Capillary	SPB-1	725.	Flanagan, Streete, et al., 1997	60. m/0.53 mm/5. μm, He; Program: 40C(6min) => 5C/min => 80C => 10C/min => 200C
Capillary	DB-5	750.	Mateo, Aguirrezábal, et al., 1997	50. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(10min) => 3C/min => 95C => 10C/min => 270C(10min)
Capillary	DB-5	749.	Mateo and Zumalacárregui, 1996	50. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (10min) => 3C/min => 95C => 10C/min => 270C (10min)
Capillary	DB-5	750.	Mateo and Zumalacárregui, 1996	50. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (10min) => 3C/min => 95C => 10C/min => 270C (10min)
Capillary	SPB-1	725.	Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992	60. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (6 min) 5 0C/min -> 80 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C
Capillary	SPB-1	725.	Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992	60. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-1	714.	Kawai, Ishida, et al., 1991	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-1	718.	Kawai, Ishida, et al., 1991	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
Capillary	CP Sil 8 CB	745.	Weller and Wolf, 1989	40. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 30 0C (1 min) 15 0C/min -> 45 0C 3 0C/min -> 120 0C
Capillary	DB-1	695.	MacLeod and Snyder, 1988	Program: not specified
Capillary	OV-1	732.	Waggott and Davies, 1984	Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.	692.	Waggott and Davies, 1984	Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.	743.	Waggott and Davies, 1984	Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	OV-1	695.	Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982	Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	HP-Innowax	1174.	Puvipirom and Chaisei, 2012	15. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 3. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1204.	Shimadzu, 2012	30. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 4. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 260. C
Capillary	FFAP	1199.	Budryn, Nebesny, et al., 2011	30. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Nitrogen, 35. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 45. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1204.	Moon and Shibamoto, 2010	60. m/0.25 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 210. C @ 70. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1202.	Moon and Shibamoto, 2009	60. m/0.25 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 210. C @ 70. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1203.	Rochat, Egger, et al., 2009	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 3. min, 8. K/min, 200. C @ 9.5 min
Capillary	ZB-Wax	1213.	Marin, Pozrl, et al., 2008	60. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 5. min
Capillary	HP-Innowax	1186.	Soria, Sanz, et al., 2008	50. m/0.20 mm/0.20 μm, Helium, 45. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 190. C @ 50. min
Capillary	Stabilwax	1170.	Cros, Vandanjon, et al., 2007	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
Capillary	FFAP	1199.	Nebesny, Budryn, et al., 2007	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, N2, 35. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 320. C @ 45. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1169.	Fujioka and Shibamoto, 2006	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 200. C @ 90. min; T_start: 50. C
Capillary	TC-Wax	1200.	Ishizaki, Tachihara, et al., 2005	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 3. K/min, 220. C @ 40. min; T_start: 70. C
Capillary	TC-Wax	1200.	Ishikawa, Ito, et al., 2004	60. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 8. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 230. C
Capillary	HP-Innowax	1209.	Soria, Gonzalez, et al., 2004	50. m/0.2 mm/0.2 μm, He, 45. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 190. C @ 50. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1193.	Yanagimoto, Ochi, et al., 2004	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min, 180. C @ 40. min; T_start: 50. C
Capillary	Stabilwax	1170.	Cros, Vandanjon, et al., 2003, 2	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1204.	Shimadzu Corporation, 2003	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 4. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 260. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1188.	Tanaka, Yamauchi, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 30. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1190.	Tanaka, Yamauchi, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 30. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	TC-Wax	1170.	Fukami, Ishiyama, et al., 2002	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 230. C
Capillary	HP-Wax	1203.	Sanz, Maeztu, et al., 2002	60. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 6. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 190. C
Capillary	HP-Wax	1203.	Maeztu, Sanz, et al., 2001	60. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 6. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 190. C
Capillary	HP-Wax	1203.	Sanz, Ansorena, et al., 2001	60. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 6. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 190. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1190.	Lee and Shibamoto, 2000	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min, 180. C @ 40. min; T_start: 50. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1156.	Xue, Ye, et al., 2000	He, 60. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 190. C @ 20. min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm
Capillary	DB-Wax	1181.	Buttery, Orts, et al., 1999	30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 170. C @ 60. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
Capillary	DB-Wax	1193.	Iwatsuki, Mizota, et al., 1999	4. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.53 mm; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 210. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1220.	Iwatsuki, Mizota, et al., 1999	4. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.53 mm; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 210. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1181.	Buttery and Ling, 1998	30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 170. C @ 30. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
Capillary	DB-Wax	1176.	Horiuchi, Umano, et al., 1998	60. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 40. min; T_start: 50. C
Capillary	HP-Innowax	1186.	Kubec, Drhová, et al., 1998	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 40. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min, 190. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1187.	Sekiwa, Kubota, et al., 1997	He, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	PEG-20M	1159.	Kubota, Matsujage, et al., 1996	50. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Nitrogen, 2. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1183.	Umano, Hagi, et al., 1995	He, 40. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1180.	Egolf and Jurs, 1993	2. K/min; Column length: 80. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; T_start: 70. C; T_end: 170. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1160.	Hatsuko, Kazuko, et al., 1992	He, 60. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	PEG-20M	1168.	Kubota, Nakamoto, et al., 1991	N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1176.	Liardon and Ledermann, 1980	H2, 2. K/min; Column length: 39. m; Column diameter: 0.30 mm; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 220. C

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DB-Wax	1181.	Gyawali and Kim, 2012	60. m/0.20 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (3 min) 2 0C/min -> 150 0C 4 0C/min -> 220 0C (20 min) 5 0C/min -> 230 0C
Capillary	DB-FFAP	1209.	Mebazaa, Mahmoudi, et al., 2009	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 50 0C 2 0C/min -> 100 0C (5 min) 5 0C/min -> 250 0C
Capillary	DB-FFAP	1193.	Mebazaa, Mahmoudi, et al., 2009	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-Wax	1198.	Gonzalez-Rios, Suarez-Quiroz, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen; Program: 44 0C 3 0C/min -> 170 0C 8 0C/min -> 250 0C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1180.	Gonzalez-Rios, Suarez-Quiroz, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen; Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-Innowax	1182.	Viegas and Bassoli, 2007	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (5 min) 4 0C/min -> 60 0C (5 min) 8 0C/min -> 250 0C (3 min)
Capillary	HP-Innowax	1181.	Viegas and Bassoli, 2007	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	TC-Wax	1200.	Kraft and Switt, 2005	Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-Wax	1180.	Kim. J.H., Ahn, et al., 2004	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 60 0C (3 min) 2 0C/min -> 150 0C 4 0C/min -> 200 0C
Capillary	TC-Wax	1200.	Tachihara, Ishizaki, et al., 2004	Program: not specified
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1180.	Vinogradov, 2004	Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-Wax	1157.	Hatsuko, Kazuko, et al., 1992	He; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-Wax	1191.	Peng, Yang, et al., 1991	Program: not specified
Capillary	Carbowax	1172.	Baltes and Bochmann, 1987	Program: not specified
Capillary	Carbowax	1172.	Baltes and Bochmann, 1987	Program: not specified
Capillary	Carbowax	1173.	Baltes and Bochmann, 1987	Program: not specified
Capillary	Carbowax	1173.	Baltes and Bochmann, 1987	Program: not specified
Capillary	Carbowax	1173.	Baltes and Bochmann, 1987	Program: not specified
Capillary	Carbowax	1173.	Baltes and Bochmann, 1987	Program: not specified
Capillary	Carbowax	1174.	Baltes and Bochmann, 1987	Program: not specified
Capillary	Carbowax 400, Carbowax 20M, Carbowax 1540, Carbowax 4000, Superox 06, PEG 20M, etc.	1224.	Waggott and Davies, 1984	Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1181.	Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982	Program: not specified
Capillary	Polyethylene Glycol	1180.	MacLeod and Pieris, 1981	Program: not specified

Lee's RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	HP-5	104.4	Wang, Hou, et al., 2007	30. m/0.30 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 200. C @ 15. min
Capillary	DB-5MS	108.15	Chen, Keeran, et al., 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, 40. C @ 1. min, 10. K/min; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	DB-5MS	121.47	Chen, Keeran, et al., 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, 40. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 310. C

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Hubbard, Frow, et al., 1961
Hubbard, W.N.; Frow, F.R.; Waddington, G., The heats of combustion and formation of pyridine and hippuric acid, J. Phys. Chem., 1961, 65, 1326-1328. [all data]

Andon, Cox, et al., 1957
Andon, R.J.L.; Cox, J.D.; Herington, E.F.G.; Martin, J.F., The second virial coefficients of pyridine and benzene, and certain of their methyl homologues, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1957, 53, 1074. [all data]

Cox, Challoner, et al., 1954
Cox, J.D.; Challoner, A.R.; Meetham, A.R., The heats of combustion of pyridine and certain of its derivatives, J. Chem. Soc., 1954, 265-271. [all data]

Constam and White, 1903
Constam, E.J.; White, J., Physico-chemical investigations in the pyridine series, Am. Chem. J., 1903, 29, 1-49. [all data]

Strepikheev, Baranov, et al., 1962
Strepikheev, Yu.A.; Baranov, Yu.I.; Burmistrova, O.A., Determination of the heats of combustion and the heat capacities of several mono- and di-isocyanates, Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Khim. Khim. Tekhnol., 1962, 5, 387-390. [all data]

McCullough, Douslin, et al., 1957
McCullough, J.P.; Douslin, D.R.; Messerly, J.F.; Hossenlopp, I.A.; Kincheloe, T.C.; Waddington, G., Pyridine: experimental and calculated chemical thermodynamic properties between 0 and 1500 K., a revised vibrational assignment, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1957, 79, 4289-4295. [all data]

Parks, Todd, et al., 1936
Parks, G.S.; Todd, S.S.; Moore, W.A., Thermal data on organic compounds. XVI. Some heat capacity, entropy and free energy data for typical benzene derivatives and heterocyclic compounds, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1936, 58, 398-401. [all data]

Pearce and Bakke, 1936
Pearce, J.N.; Bakke, H.M., The heat capacity and the free energy of formation of pyridine, Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci., 1936, 43, 171-174. [all data]

Rastorguev and Ganiev, 1967
Rastorguev, Yu.L.; Ganiev, Yu.A., Study of the heat capacity of selected solvents, Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Neft Gaz. 10, 1967, No.1, 79-82. [all data]

Swietoslawski and Zielenkiewicz, 1958
Swietoslawski, W.; Zielenkiewicz, A., Mean specific heat of some ternary azeotropes, Bull. Acad. Pol. Sci. Ser. Sci. Chim., 1958, 6, 365-366. [all data]

Radulescu and Jula, 1934
Radulescu, D.; Jula, O., Beiträge zur Bestimmung der Abstufung der Polarität des Aminstickstoffes in den organischen Verbindungen, Z. Phys. Chem., 1934, B26, 390-393. [all data]

Swietoslawski, Tybicka, et al., 1931
Swietoslawski, W.; Tybicka, S.; Solodkowska, W., Sur un microcalorimetre adiabatique, adapte aux mesures de la chaleur specifique de substances solides et liquides, Bull. Int. Acad. Pol. Sci. Lett. Cl. Sci. Math Nat. Ser A, 1931, 1931, 322-335. [all data]

Swietoslawski, Tybicka, et al., 1931, 2
Swietoslawski, W.; Tybicka, S.; Solodkowska, W., Sur un microcalorimetre adiabatique, adapte aux mesures de la chaleur specifique de substances solides et liquides, Rocz. Chem., 1931, 11, 65-77. [all data]

Mathews, Krause, et al., 1917
Mathews, J.H.; Krause, E.L.; Bohnson, B.L., a contribution to the thermal chemistry of pyridine, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1917, 39, 398-413. [all data]

Bramley, 1916
Bramley, A., The study of binary mixtures. Part IV. Heats of reaction and specific heats, J. Chem. Soc. (London), 1916, 109, 496-515. [all data]

Helm, Lanum, et al., 1958
Helm, R.V.; Lanum, W.J.; Cook, G.L.; Ball, J.S., Purification and Properties of Pyrrole, Pyrrolidine, Pyridine and 2-Methylpyridine, J. Phys. Chem., 1958, 62, 858. [all data]

McCullough, Douslin, et al., 1957, 2
McCullough, J.P.; Douslin, D.R.; Messerly, J.F.; Hossenlopp, I.A.; Kincheloe, T.C.; Waddington, G., Pyridine: Experimental and Calculated Chemical Thermodynamic Prop- erties Between 0 and 1500 K; A Revised Vibrational Assignment, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1957, 79, 4289. [all data]

Brunner, 1987
Brunner, E., Fluid mixtures at high pressures VI. Phase separation and critical phenomina in 18 binary mixtures containing either pyridine or ethanoic acid, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1987, 19, 823. [all data]

Kobe, Ravicz, et al., 1956
Kobe, K.A.; Ravicz, A.E.; Vohra, S.P., Critical Properties and Vapor Pressures of Some Ethers and Heterocyclic Compounds, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1956, 1, 50. [all data]

Herz and Neukirch, 1923
Herz, W.; Neukirch, E., On Knowldge of the Critical State, Z. Phys. Chem., Stoechiom. Verwandtschaftsl., 1923, 104, 433-50. [all data]

Majer and Svoboda, 1985
Majer, V.; Svoboda, V., Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300. [all data]

Ukraintseva, Soldatov, et al., 1997
Ukraintseva, E.A.; Soldatov, D.V.; Dyadin, Yu.A., Pyridine vapor pressure and thermodynamic parameters of clathrate and complex formation in the pyridine-zinc nitrate system, Zh. Neorg. Khim., 1997, 42, 2, 283. [all data]

Blanco, Beltran, et al., 1994
Blanco, Beatriz; Beltran, Sagrario; Cabezas, Jose Luis; Coca, Jose, Vapor-liquid equilibria of coal-derived liquids. 3. Binary systems with tetralin at 200 mm mercury, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1994, 39, 1, 23-26, https://doi.org/10.1021/je00013a007 . [all data]

Lencka, 1990
Lencka, Malgorzata, Measurements of the vapour pressures of pyridine, 2-methylpyridine, 2,4-dimethylpyridine, 2,6-dimethylpyridine, and 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine from 0.1 kPa to atmospheric pressure using a modified Swietoslawski ebulliometer, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 1990, 22, 5, 473-480, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(90)90139-H . [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
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Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References

Symbols used in this document:

AE	Appearance energy
C_p,liquid	Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid
IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
P_c	Critical pressure
S°_liquid	Entropy of liquid at standard conditions
T_boil	Boiling point
T_c	Critical temperature
T_fus	Fusion (melting) point
T_triple	Triple point temperature
V_c	Critical volume
Δ_cH°_liquid	Enthalpy of combustion of liquid at standard conditions
Δ_fH°_gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
Δ_fH°_liquid	Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions
Δ_fusH	Enthalpy of fusion
Δ_fusS	Entropy of fusion
Δ_rG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_rH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_rS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_vapH	Enthalpy of vaporization
Δ_vapH°	Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions

Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
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Pyridine

Data at NIST subscription sites:

Gas phase thermochemistry data

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

Phase change data

Enthalpy of vaporization

Enthalpy of vaporization

Antoine Equation Parameters

Enthalpy of fusion

Entropy of fusion

Reaction thermochemistry data

Individual Reactions

Gas phase ion energetics data

Proton affinity at 298K

Protonation entropy at 298K

Ionization energy determinations

Appearance energy determinations

De-protonation reactions

Ion clustering data

Clustering reactions

IR Spectrum

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Spectrum

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Credits

Additional Data

UV/Visible spectrum

Spectrum

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Additional Data

Gas Chromatography

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal

Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp

Kovats' RI, polar column, custom temperature program

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

Lee's RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

References

Notes