Cyclohexane
- Formula: C6H12
- Molecular weight: 84.1595
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 110-82-7
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Isotopologues:
- Other names: Benzene, hexahydro-; Hexahydrobenzene; Hexamethylene; Hexanaphthene; Cicloesano; Cykloheksan; Rcra waste number U056; UN 1145; NSC 406835
- Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
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Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
View reactions leading to C6H12+ (ion structure unspecified)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IE (evaluated) | 9.88 ± 0.03 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Proton affinity (review) | 164.2 | kcal/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Gas basicity | 159.4 | kcal/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Ionization energy determinations
IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
9.80 ± 0.05 | EI | Holmes and Lossing, 1991 | LL |
10.0 ± 0.03 | EI | Arimura and Yoshikawa, 1984 | LBLHLM |
9.82 | EQ | Sieck and Mautner(Meot-Ner), 1982 | LBLHLM |
9.88 ± 0.10 | EQ | Lias, 1982 | LBLHLM |
9.88 | PE | Kovac and Klasinc, 1978 | LLK |
9.88 ± 0.02 | PE | Bieri, Burger, et al., 1977 | LLK |
9.88 | EI | Lossing and Traeger, 1975 | LLK |
9.89 ± 0.01 | PE | Rang, Paldoia, et al., 1974 | LLK |
9.83 ± 0.05 | EI | Puttemans, 1974 | LLK |
9.84 | PE | Puttemans, 1974 | LLK |
9.88 ± 0.01 | PI | Sergeev, Akopyan, et al., 1973 | LLK |
9.87 | PE | Ikuta, Yoshihara, et al., 1973 | LLK |
9.88 ± 0.01 | S | Raymonda, 1972 | LLK |
9.89 | PE | Demeo and Yencha, 1970 | RDSH |
9.81 | PE | Dewar and Worley, 1969 | RDSH |
9.79 | PE | Al-Joboury and Turner, 1964 | RDSH |
9.88 ± 0.02 | PI | Watanabe, 1957 | RDSH |
11.0 ± 0.2 | EI | Hustrulid, Kusch, et al., 1938 | RDSH |
10.32 | PE | Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981 | Vertical value; LLK |
10.3 ± 0.1 | PE | Bieri, Burger, et al., 1977 | Vertical value; LLK |
10.3 | PE | Bruckmann and Klessinger, 1973 | Vertical value; LLK |
Appearance energy determinations
Ion | AE (eV) | Other Products | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C3H5+ | 13.20 ± 0.08 | C3H7 | EI | Rabbih, Selim, et al., 1981 | LLK |
C3H6+ | 12.00 ± 0.07 | C3H6 | EI | Rabbih, Selim, et al., 1981 | LLK |
C3H6+ | 11.23 ± 0.04 | C3H6 | PI | Sergeev, Akopyan, et al., 1973 | LLK |
C3H7+ | 13.50 ± 0.08 | C3H5 | EI | Rabbih, Selim, et al., 1981 | LLK |
C3H7+ | 11.49 ± 0.03 | C3H5 | PI | Sergeev, Akopyan, et al., 1973 | LLK |
C4H7+ | 11.21 ± 0.04 | C2H5 | PI | Sergeev, Akopyan, et al., 1973 | LLK |
C4H8+ | 11.15 ± 0.03 | C2H4 | EI | Rabbih, Selim, et al., 1981 | LLK |
C4H8+ | 11.45 | C2H4 | EI | Puttemans, 1974 | LLK |
C4H8+ | 11.08 ± 0.01 | C2H4 | PI | Sergeev, Akopyan, et al., 1973 | LLK |
C5H9+ | 9.88 | CH3 | EI | Lossing and Traeger, 1975, 2 | LLK |
C5H9+ | ≤11.06 | CH3 | EI | Lossing and Traeger, 1975 | LLK |
C5H9+ | 11.15 | CH3 | EI | Puttemans, 1974 | LLK |
C5H9+ | 11.07 ± 0.04 | CH3 | PI | Sergeev, Akopyan, et al., 1973 | LLK |
C6H11+ | 11.32 ± 0.05 | H | PI | Sergeev, Akopyan, et al., 1973 | LLK |
C6H11+ | 11.66 | H | EI | Pottie, Harrison, et al., 1961 | RDSH |
De-protonation reactions
C6H11- + =
By formula: C6H11- + H+ = C6H12
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 418.3 ± 2.0 | kcal/mol | Bran | Peerboom, Rademaker, et al., 1992 | gas phase; B |
ΔrH° | 406.82 ± 0.90 | kcal/mol | G+TS | Bohme, Lee-Ruff, et al., 1972 | gas phase; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 409.5 ± 2.2 | kcal/mol | H-TS | Peerboom, Rademaker, et al., 1992 | gas phase; B |
ΔrG° | >398.00 | kcal/mol | IMRB | Bohme, Lee-Ruff, et al., 1972 | gas phase; B |
Ion clustering data
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.
Clustering reactions
By formula: C3H9Si+ + C6H12 = (C3H9Si+ • C6H12)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 37.9 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Li and Stone, 1989 | gas phase; condensation |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 48.1 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Li and Stone, 1989 | gas phase; condensation |
By formula: C6H6+ + C6H12 = (C6H6+ • C6H12)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 11.2 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 27. | cal/mol*K | N/A | Meot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated |
Free energy of reaction
ΔrG° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
3.2 | 295. | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated |
By formula: H4N+ + C6H12 = (H4N+ • C6H12)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 9. | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Deakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, DG<, ΔrH< |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 20. | cal/mol*K | N/A | Deakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, DG<, ΔrH< |
Free energy of reaction
ΔrG° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
2.8 | 317. | PHPMS | Deakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, DG<, ΔrH< |
By formula: Li+ + C6H12 = (Li+ • C6H12)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 24. | kcal/mol | ICR | Staley and Beauchamp, 1975 | gas phase; switching reaction(Li+)H2O, from graph; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970 extrapolated |
IR Spectrum
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.
- GAS (25 mmHg, N2 ADDED, TOTAL PRESSURE 600 mmHg); PERKIN-ELMER 180; DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY (FROM TWO SEGMENTS); 2 cm-1 resolution
- LIQUID (NEAT); DOW KBr FOREPRISM-GRATING; DIGITIZED BY COBLENTZ SOCIETY (BATCH I) FROM HARD COPY; 2 cm-1 resolution
- SOLUTION (10% CCl4 FOR 3800-1350, AND 10% CS2 FOR 1350-400 CM-1); DOW KBr FOREPRISM-GRATING; DIGITIZED BY COBLENTZ SOCIETY (BATCH I) FROM HARD COPY; 2 cm-1 resolution
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Spectrum
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Additional Data
View image of digitized spectrum (can be printed in landscape orientation).
Due to licensing restrictions, this spectrum cannot be downloaded.
Owner | NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. |
---|---|
Origin | NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, 1998. |
NIST MS number | 291493 |
UV/Visible spectrum
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Victor Talrose, Eugeny B. Stern, Antonina A. Goncharova, Natalia A. Messineva, Natalia V. Trusova, Margarita V. Efimkina
Spectrum
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Additional Data
View image of digitized spectrum (can be printed in landscape orientation).
View spectrum image in SVG format.
Download spectrum in JCAMP-DX format.
Source | Pickett, Muntz, et al., 1951 |
---|---|
Owner | INEP CP RAS, NIST OSRD Collection (C) 2007 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. |
Origin | INSTITUTE OF ENERGY PROBLEMS OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS, RAS |
Source reference | RAS UV No. 193 |
Instrument | Hilger prism spectrograph |
Melting point | 6.6 |
Boiling point | 80.7 |
Gas Chromatography
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | HP-1 | 0. | 664.1 | Wang, Liu, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm |
Capillary | HP-1 | 10. | 660.1 | Wang, Liu, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm |
Capillary | HP-1 | 20. | 665.7 | Wang, Liu, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm |
Capillary | HP-1 | 30. | 662.3 | Wang, Liu, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm |
Capillary | HP-1 | 40. | 661.2 | Wang, Liu, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm |
Capillary | HP-1 | 50. | 661.9 | Wang, Liu, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm |
Capillary | HP-1 | 60. | 662.9 | Wang, Liu, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm |
Packed | PMS-1000 | 90. | 681. | Arutyunov, Kudryashov, et al., 2004 | N2, Chromaton N-AW-DMCS; Column length: 2. m |
Packed | SE-30 | 160. | 676. | Kurbatova, Finkelstein, et al., 2004 | Chromaton N-AW; Column length: 1. m |
Capillary | Squalane | 70. | 667.14 | Soják, 2004 | H2 |
Capillary | Squalane | 70. | 667.02 | Soják, 2004 | N2 |
Capillary | Squalane | 70. | 667.46 | Soják, 2004 | N2 |
Capillary | OV-101 | 40. | 656.8 | Chen, Liang, et al., 2001 | He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Capillary | OV-101 | 60. | 662.2 | Chen, Liang, et al., 2001 | He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Packed | C78, Branched paraffin | 130. | 693.6 | Dallos, Sisak, et al., 2000 | He; Column length: 3.3 m |
Capillary | HP-101 | 60. | 663.35 | Garay, 2000 | 50. m/0.2 mm/0.2 μm, H2 |
Capillary | OV-101 | 110. | 668. | Zhuravleva, 2000 | 50. m/0.3 mm/0.4 μm, He |
Capillary | OV-101 | 0. | 649. | Skrbic, 1997 | |
Capillary | OV-101 | 0. | 650. | Skrbic, 1997 | |
Capillary | CP Sil 2 | 60. | 672.0 | Estel, Mohnke, et al., 1995 | 100. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm |
Capillary | OV-101 | 150. | 688.3 | Cha and Lee, 1994 | Column length: 20. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm |
Capillary | OV-101 | 180. | 697.9 | Cha and Lee, 1994 | Column length: 20. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm |
Capillary | Squalane | 25. | 658. | Hilal, Carreira, et al., 1994 | |
Capillary | CP Sil 5 CB | 20. | 655.7 | Do and Raulin, 1992 | 25. m/0.15 mm/2. μm, H2 |
Packed | C78, Branched paraffin | 130. | 692.8 | Reddy, Dutoit, et al., 1992 | Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 3.3 m |
Capillary | BP-1 | 0. | 649. | Skrbic and Cvejanov, 1992 | 15. m/0.53 mm/1.0 μm, N2 |
Packed | Apolane | 130. | 694. | Dutoit, 1991 | Column length: 3.7 m |
Capillary | OV-1 | 45. | 660.6 | Guan, Kiraly, et al., 1989 | 20. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm, He |
Capillary | OV-1 | 65. | 665.6 | Guan, Kiraly, et al., 1989 | 20. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm, He |
Capillary | OV-1 | 45. | 660.6 | Guan, Kiraly, et al., 1989 | 25. m/0.31 mm/0.52 μm, He |
Capillary | OV-1 | 65. | 665.6 | Guan, Kiraly, et al., 1989 | 25. m/0.31 mm/0.52 μm, He |
Capillary | Squalane | 50. | 662.7 | Guan, Kiraly, et al., 1989 | 50. m/0.22 mm/0.21 μm, He |
Capillary | Squalane | 70. | 667.1 | Guan, Kiraly, et al., 1989 | 50. m/0.22 mm/0.21 μm, He |
Capillary | HP-1 | 60. | 663. | Bangjie, Yijian, et al., 1988 | N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm |
Capillary | HP-1 | 60. | 664. | Bangjie, Yijian, et al., 1988 | N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm |
Capillary | OV-101 | 40. | 658. | Laub and Purnell, 1988 | |
Capillary | OV-101 | 60. | 663. | Laub and Purnell, 1988 | |
Capillary | OV-101 | 80. | 668. | Laub and Purnell, 1988 | |
Packed | OV-101 | 120. | 676. | Litvinenko, Isakova, et al., 1988 | He, Chromaton W AW; Column length: 2.4 m |
Capillary | Squalane | 50. | 662. | Lunskii and Paizanskaya, 1988 | He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm |
Capillary | Squalane | 70. | 666.4 | Lunskii and Paizanskaya, 1988 | He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm |
Capillary | OV-1 | 100. | 671.1 | Engewald, Billing, et al., 1987 | Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm |
Capillary | OV-101 | 100. | 674. | Engewald, Topalova, et al., 1987 | Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.30 mm |
Packed | Apolane | 150. | 680. | Evans and Haken, 1987 | He, Chromosorb G AW DCMS; Column length: 3.7 m |
Packed | Squalane | 80. | 669. | Fernández-Sánchez, García-Domínguez, et al., 1987 | H2 |
Capillary | OV-101 | 40. | 658.7 | Boneva and Dimov, 1986 | 100. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm |
Capillary | OV-101 | 50. | 660.9 | Boneva and Dimov, 1986 | 100. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm |
Capillary | OV-101 | 60. | 663.2 | Boneva and Dimov, 1986 | 100. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm |
Capillary | OV-101 | 70. | 665.5 | Boneva and Dimov, 1986 | 100. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm |
Packed | Apolane | 150. | 680. | Haken and Vernon, 1986 | Chromosorb G AW DCMS; Column length: 3.7 m |
Capillary | OV-1 | 100. | 673.6 | Anders, Anders, et al., 1985 | 55. m/0.21 mm/0.35 μm, N2 |
Packed | SE-30 | 180. | 658. | Oszczapowicz, Osek, et al., 1985 | N2, Chromosorb A AW; Column length: 3. m |
Packed | SE-30 | 150. | 685. | Tiess, 1984 | Ar, Gas Chrom Q (80-100 mesh); Column length: 3. m |
Capillary | OV-101 | 30. | 656. | Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 | |
Capillary | OV-101 | 40. | 658. | Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 | |
Capillary | OV-101 | 50. | 660. | Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 | |
Capillary | OV-101 | 60. | 663. | Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 | |
Capillary | OV-101 | 70. | 665. | Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 | |
Capillary | OV-101 | 80. | 668. | Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 | |
Capillary | OV-3 | 30. | 664.5 | Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 | |
Capillary | OV-3 | 40. | 666.8 | Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 | |
Capillary | OV-3 | 50. | 669.2 | Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 | |
Capillary | OV-3 | 60. | 671.7 | Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 | |
Capillary | OV-3 | 70. | 674.4 | Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 | |
Capillary | OV-3 | 80. | 677.3 | Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 | |
Capillary | DB-1 | 60. | 663.7 | Lubeck and Sutton, 1983 | Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.264 mm |
Capillary | DB-1 | 60. | 664.2 | Lubeck and Sutton, 1983 | 60. m/0.259 mm/1. μm |
Packed | SE-30 | 100. | 675. | Winskowski, 1983 | Gaschrom Q; Column length: 2. m |
Capillary | OV-1 | 50. | 661. | Anders, Scheller, et al., 1982 | Column length: 55. m; Column diameter: 0.21 mm |
Capillary | SE-30 | 130. | 683. | Bredael, 1982 | Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm |
Capillary | SE-30 | 80. | 669. | Bredael, 1982 | Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm |
Packed | Porapack Q | 200. | 639. | Goebel, 1982 | N2 |
Packed | Apiezon L | 70. | 680. | Jaworski, 1982 | Column length: 1.8 m |
Capillary | OV-101 | 50. | 661. | Johansen and Ettre, 1982 | 100. m/0.27 mm/0.20 μm |
Capillary | OV-101 | 50. | 661. | Johansen and Ettre, 1982 | 55. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm |
Capillary | OV-1 | 50. | 662. | Johansen and Ettre, 1982 | 17.5 m/0.2 mm/0.15 μm |
Capillary | SE-30 | 50. | 661. | Johansen and Ettre, 1982 | 17.5 m/0.2 mm/0.15 μm |
Capillary | SF-96 | 50. | 661. | Johansen and Ettre, 1982 | 91.4 m/0.31 mm/0.20 μm |
Capillary | OV-1 | 30. | 657.2 | Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981 | H2 |
Capillary | OV-1 | 40. | 659.6 | Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981 | H2 |
Capillary | OV-1 | 50. | 662.1 | Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981 | H2 |
Capillary | OV-1 | 60. | 664.7 | Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981 | H2 |
Capillary | OV-1 | 70. | 667.4 | Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981 | H2 |
Capillary | OV-1 | 80. | 670.3 | Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981 | H2 |
Capillary | SE-30 | 30. | 657. | Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981 | H2 |
Capillary | SE-30 | 40. | 659.1 | Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981 | H2 |
Capillary | SE-30 | 50. | 661.3 | Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981 | H2 |
Capillary | SE-30 | 60. | 663.6 | Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981 | H2 |
Capillary | SE-30 | 70. | 666.1 | Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981 | H2 |
Capillary | SE-30 | 80. | 668.8 | Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981 | H2 |
Capillary | Squalane | 50. | 662. | Mitra, 1981 | N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Capillary | Squalane | 50. | 663. | Mitra, 1981 | N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Capillary | SE-30 | 80. | 669.2 | Albaigés and Guardino, 1980 | He; Column length: 64. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Capillary | Squalane | 80. | 668.1 | Albaigés and Guardino, 1980 | He; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Capillary | Apiezon L | 100. | 690. | Morishita, Okano, et al., 1980 | Column length: 45. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Packed | Squalane | 100. | 675. | Nabivach and Kirilenko, 1980 | He, Chromaton N-AW-HMDS; Column length: 1. m |
Capillary | Squalane | 50. | 662.7 | Bajus, Veselý, et al., 1979 | Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Capillary | Squalane | 70. | 663.9 | Bajus, Veselý, et al., 1979 | Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Capillary | Squalane | 50. | 662.78 | Pacáková and Koslík, 1978 | 50. m/0.2 mm/0.5 μm, N2 |
Capillary | Squalane | 100. | 674. | Rang, Orav, et al., 1977 | Nitrogen or helium; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Capillary | Squalane | 100. | 664. | Lulova, Leont'eva, et al., 1976 | He; Column length: 120. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Capillary | Squalane | 100. | 668.8 | Lulova, Leont'eva, et al., 1976 | He; Column length: 120. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Capillary | Squalane | 100. | 667.8 | Lulova, Leont'eva, et al., 1976 | He; Column length: 120. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Packed | Apolane | 70. | 675.6 | Riedo, Fritz, et al., 1976 | He, Chromosorb; Column length: 2.4 m |
Packed | Squalane | 100. | 671. | Vernon and Edwards, 1975 | N2, DCMS-treated Celite; Column length: 1. m |
Capillary | Squalane | 42.5 | 660. | Engewald, Epsch, et al., 1974 | N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.23 mm |
Capillary | Squalane | 70. | 668. | Engewald, Epsch, et al., 1974 | N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.23 mm |
Packed | SE-30 | 120. | 663. | Pascal, Heintz, et al., 1974 | Column length: 2. m |
Packed | SE-30 | 140. | 668. | Pascal, Heintz, et al., 1974 | Column length: 2. m |
Packed | SE-30 | 160. | 674. | Pascal, Heintz, et al., 1974 | Column length: 2. m |
Capillary | Squalane | 50. | 663. | Rijks and Cramers, 1974 | N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Capillary | Squalane | 70. | 667. | Rijks and Cramers, 1974 | N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Capillary | Squalane | 100. | 674. | Besson and Gäumann, 1973 | Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Capillary | Apiezon L | 100. | 689. | Besson and Gäumann, 1973 | Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Capillary | Apiezon L | 50. | 669. | Gäumann and Bonzo, 1973 | Column length: 100. m |
Capillary | Squalane | 50. | 662. | Gäumann and Bonzo, 1973 | Column length: 100. m |
Capillary | OV-101 | 50. | 662. | Pacáková, Hoch, et al., 1973 | 25. m/0.25 mm/1.39 μm, N2 |
Capillary | OV-101 | 60. | 664. | Pacáková, Hoch, et al., 1973 | 25. m/0.25 mm/1.39 μm, N2 |
Capillary | Squalane | 100. | 675.7 | Schomburg and Dielmann, 1973 | Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Capillary | Squalane | 120. | 682. | Agrawal, Tesarík, et al., 1972 | N2, Celite 545; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm |
Capillary | Squalane | 86. | 674. | Agrawal, Tesarík, et al., 1972 | N2, Celite 545; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm |
Packed | Apiezon L | 130. | 683. | Paris and Alexandre, 1972 | Chromosorb W AW |
Capillary | Vacuum Grease Oil (VM-4) | 35. | 662. | Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 | |
Capillary | Vacuum Grease Oil (VM-4) | 45. | 665. | Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 | |
Capillary | Vacuum Grease Oil (VM-4) | 50. | 667. | Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 | |
Capillary | Vacuum Grease Oil (VM-4) | 58. | 669. | Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 | |
Capillary | Vacuum Grease Oil (VM-4) | 68. | 672. | Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 | |
Capillary | Squalane | 70. | 663.8 | Dimov and Schopov, 1971 | Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Packed | SE-30 | 75. | 667. | Robinson and Odell, 1971 | N2, Chromosorb W; Column length: 6.1 m |
Packed | Squalane | 100. | 674. | Robinson and Odell, 1971 | N2, Embacel; Column length: 3.0 m |
Packed | Vacuum Grease Oil (VM-4) | 35. | 662. | Sidorov, Ivanova, et al., 1971 | |
Packed | Apiezon L | 100. | 700. | Wagaman and Smith, 1971 | CH4; Column length: 3. m |
Capillary | Squalane | 70. | 667. | Cramers, Rijks, et al., 1970 | Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Capillary | Squalane | 70. | 667. | Cramers, Rijks, et al., 1970 | Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Capillary | Squalane | 70. | 667. | Cramers, Rijks, et al., 1970 | Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Packed | SE-30 | 130. | 676. | Mitra and Saha, 1970 | N2 |
Packed | SE-30 | 80. | 667. | Mitra and Saha, 1970 | N2 |
Packed | Apiezon L | 100. | 688. | Brown, Chapman, et al., 1968 | N2, DCMS-treated Chromosorb W; Column length: 2.3 m |
Packed | Squalane | 27. | 658. | Hively and Hinton, 1968 | He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Packed | Squalane | 49. | 664. | Hively and Hinton, 1968 | He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Packed | Squalane | 67. | 668. | Hively and Hinton, 1968 | He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Packed | Squalane | 86. | 672. | Hively and Hinton, 1968 | He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Packed | Squalane | 22. | 656. | Evans, 1966 | Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m |
Packed | Squalane | 30. | 658. | Evans, 1966 | Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m |
Packed | Squalane | 40. | 660. | Evans, 1966 | Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m |
Packed | Squalane | 55. | 664. | Evans, 1966 | Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m |
Packed | Squalane | 70. | 667. | Evans, 1966 | Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m |
Packed | DC-200 | 100. | 675. | Rohrschneider, 1966 | Column length: 4. m |
Packed | Squalane | 100. | 675. | Rohrschneider, 1966 | Column length: 5. m |
Packed | Apiezon L | 100. | 689. | Rohrschneider, 1966 | Column length: 5. m |
Capillary | Squalane | 120. | 675. | Schomburg, 1966 | |
Capillary | Squalane | 70. | 668. | Schomburg, 1966 | |
Capillary | Squalane | 80. | 668. | Schomburg, 1966 | |
Packed | Methyl Silicone | 130. | 676. | Antheaume and Guiochon, 1965 | |
Packed | Squalane | 150. | 688. | Schomburg, 1964 | |
Packed | Apiezon L | 70. | 676. | Wehrli and Kováts, 1959 | Celite; Column length: 2.25 m |
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | OV-101 | 650. | Hayes and Pitzer, 1982 | 110. m/0.25 mm/0.20 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 200. C |
Capillary | Apiezon L | 678. | Louis, 1971 | N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 60. C |
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Petrocol DH-100 | 657.8 | Haagen-Smit Laboratory, 1997 | He; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Program: 5C(10min) => 5C/min => 50C(48min) => 1.5C/min => 195C(91min) |
Capillary | DB-1 | 658. | Hoekman, 1993 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, He; Program: -40 C for 12 min; -40 - 125 C at 3 deg.min; 125-185 C at 6 deg/min; 185 - 220 C at 20 deg/min; hold 220 C for 2 min |
Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Packed | Carbowax 20M | 160. | 740. | Kurbatova, Finkelstein, et al., 2004 | Chromaton N-AW; Column length: 1. m |
Capillary | PEG 4000 | 100. | 766. | Rang, Orav, et al., 1988 | |
Capillary | PEG 4000 | 60. | 748. | Rang, Orav, et al., 1988 | |
Capillary | PEG 4000 | 70. | 752. | Rang, Orav, et al., 1988 | |
Capillary | PEG 4000 | 80. | 757. | Rang, Orav, et al., 1988 | |
Packed | Carbowax 20M | 150. | 740. | Haken and Vernon, 1986 | Chromosorb G AW DCMS; Column length: 3.7 m; Column diameter: 6.4 mm |
Packed | Carbowax 20M | 75. | 735. | Goebel, 1982 | N2, Kieselgur (60-100 mesh); Column length: 2. m |
Capillary | PEG-20M | 100. | 742. | Morishita, Okano, et al., 1980 | Column length: 75. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Capillary | PEG 4000 | 100. | 766. | Rang, Orav, et al., 1977 | Nitrogen or Helium; Column length: 45. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Packed | Carbowax 20M | 120. | 726. | Pascal, Heintz, et al., 1974 | Column length: 2. m |
Packed | Carbowax 20M | 140. | 732. | Pascal, Heintz, et al., 1974 | Column length: 2. m |
Packed | Carbowax 20M | 160. | 738. | Pascal, Heintz, et al., 1974 | Column length: 2. m |
Packed | Carbowax 20M | 100. | 752. | Rohrschneider, 1966 | Column length: 2. m |
Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | DB-Wax | 722. | Umano and Shibamoto, 1988 | 40. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 220. C |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 722. | Umano and Shibamoto, 1988 | 40. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 220. C |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 722. | Umano and Shibamoto, 1987 | He, 40. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 200. C |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | SPB-5 | 663. | Engel and Ratel, 2007 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min |
Capillary | Petrocol DH | 655.8 | Censullo, Jones, et al., 2003 | 50. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 35. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min |
Capillary | SPB-1 | 647.56 | LECO Corporation, 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 2. min |
Capillary | SPB-1 | 648.22 | LECO Corporation, 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 2. min |
Capillary | DB-5 | 656.2 | Song, Lai, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C |
Capillary | DB-5 | 654.9 | Song, Lai, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 310. C |
Capillary | DB-5 | 655.4 | Song, Lai, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C |
Capillary | DB-5 | 656.2 | Song, Lai, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C |
Capillary | DB-5 | 657.6 | Song, Lai, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 6. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C |
Capillary | OV-101 | 654.6 | Yin, Liu, et al., 2001 | N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 80. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 130. C |
Capillary | DB-5 | 655.4 | Lai and Song, 1995 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C |
Capillary | DB-5 | 656.2 | Lai and Song, 1995 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C |
Capillary | DB-5 | 657.6 | Lai and Song, 1995 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 6. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C |
Capillary | DB-5 | 656.2 | Lai and Song, 1995 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C |
Capillary | DB-5 | 654.9 | Lai and Song, 1995 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 310. C |
Capillary | Petrocol DH | 651.20 | Subramaniam, Bochniak, et al., 1994 | 100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C |
Capillary | Petrocol DH | 651.24 | Subramaniam, Bochniak, et al., 1994 | 100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C |
Capillary | Ultra-1 | 651. | Olson, Sinkevitch, et al., 1992 | 4. K/min; Tstart: -40. C; Tend: 230. C |
Capillary | Petrocol DH | 651.09 | White, Douglas, et al., 1992 | 100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C |
Capillary | Petrocol DH | 651.14 | White, Douglas, et al., 1992 | 100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C |
Capillary | Petrocol DH | 651. | White, Hackett, et al., 1992 | 100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C |
Capillary | Petrocol DH | 668. | White, Hackett, et al., 1992 | 100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C |
Capillary | HP-1 | 660.8 | Bangjie, Xijian, et al., 1987 | N2, 10. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Tstart: 30. C |
Capillary | HP-1 | 657.3 | Bangjie, Xijian, et al., 1987 | N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Tstart: 30. C |
Capillary | HP-1 | 656.4 | Bangjie, Xijian, et al., 1987 | N2, 30. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm |
Capillary | Ultra-1 | 647.36 | Haynes and Pitzer, 1985 | 50. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C |
Capillary | Ultra-1 | 650.41 | Haynes and Pitzer, 1985 | 50. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C |
Capillary | Ultra-1 | 652.19 | Haynes and Pitzer, 1985 | 50. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C |
Capillary | Ultra-2 | 653.15 | Haynes and Pitzer, 1985 | 50. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C |
Capillary | Ultra-2 | 656.24 | Haynes and Pitzer, 1985 | 50. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C |
Capillary | Ultra-2 | 658.10 | Haynes and Pitzer, 1985 | 50. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C |
Packed | SE-30 | 662. | Buchman, Cao, et al., 1984 | He, Chromosorb AW, 40. C @ 10. min, 10. K/min, 210. C @ 30. min; Column length: 3.05 m |
Capillary | OV-101 | 650. | Hayes and Pitzer, 1981 | 108. m/0.25 mm/0.2 μm, 1. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 200. C |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | DB-1 | 665. | Peng, 2000 | 15. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40C(3min) => 8C/min => 200(1min) => 5C/min => 300C(25min) |
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 648.90 | Hassoun, Pilling, et al., 1999 | 50. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He; Program: -50C(2min) => 49.9C/min => 35C(10min) => 3C/min => 200C(2min) => 40C/min => 240C(30min) |
Packed | SE-30 | 662. | Peng, Ding, et al., 1988 | Supelcoport; Chromosorb; Column length: 3.05 m; Program: 40C(5min) => 10C/min => 200C or 250C (60min) |
Packed | SE-30 | 662. | Peng, Ding, et al., 1988 | Supelcoport; Chromosorb; Column length: 3.05 m; Program: 40C(5min) => 10C/min => 200C or 250C (60min) |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | DB-Wax | 732. | Malliaa, Fernandez-Garcia, et al., 2005 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 45. C @ 1. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 12. min |
Capillary | PEG-20M | 734.0 | Wang and Sun, 1985 | 3. K/min; Column length: 62. m; Column diameter: 0.27 mm; Tstart: 70. C |
Capillary | PEG-20M | 735.5 | Wang and Sun, 1985 | 4. K/min; Column length: 62. m; Column diameter: 0.27 mm; Tstart: 70. C |
Capillary | PEG-20M | 737.0 | Wang and Sun, 1985 | 2. K/min; Column length: 62. m; Column diameter: 0.27 mm; Tstart: 80. C |
Capillary | PEG-20M | 741.7 | Wang and Sun, 1985 | 2. K/min; Column length: 62. m; Column diameter: 0.27 mm; Tstart: 90. C |
Packed | Carbowax 20M | 723. | Buchman, Cao, et al., 1984 | He, Supelcoport, 40. C @ 10. min, 10. K/min, 210. C @ 30. min; Column length: 3.05 m |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 100. | 673. | Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007 | |
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 120. | 680. | Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007 | |
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 140. | 685. | Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007 | |
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 80. | 668. | Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007 | |
Capillary | OV-101 | 40. | 660. | Li and Deng, 1998 | N2; Column length: 51. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 50. | 663. | N/A | N2; Column length: 74.6 m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm |
Capillary | OV-101 | 50. | 661. | Wu and Lu, 1984 | |
Capillary | OV-101 | 70. | 665. | Wu and Lu, 1984 | |
Packed | Synachrom | 150. | 619. | Dufka, Malinsky, et al., 1971 | Helium, Synachrom (60-80 mesh); Column length: 1.5 m |
Packed | Synachrom | 150. | 625. | Dufka, Malinsky, et al., 1971 | Helium, Synachrom (60-80 mesh); Column length: 1.5 m |
Capillary | Squalane | 86. | 661. | Vigdergauz and Martynov, 1971 | He; Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.35 mm |
Packed | Apieson L | 120. | 688. | Kurdina, Markovich, et al., 1969 | not specified, not specified |
Packed | Squalane | 125. | 676. | Cremer and Nonn, 1964 | H2, Chromosorb W (80-100 mesh); Column length: 3. m |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Polydimethyl siloxane: CP-Sil 5 CB | 658. | Bramston-Cook, 2013 | 60. m/0.25 mm/1.0 μm, Helium, 45. C @ 1.45 min, 3.6 K/min, 210. C @ 2.72 min |
Capillary | Petrocol DH | 651. | Supelco, 2012 | 100. m/0.25 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 20. C @ 15. min, 15. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min |
Capillary | OV-101 | 666. | Zenkevich, Eliseenkov, et al., 2009 | 25. m/0.20 mm/0.25 μm, Nitrogen, 6. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 240. C |
Capillary | BP-1 | 662. | Health Safety Executive, 2000 | 50. m/0.22 mm/0.75 μm, He, 5. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C |
Capillary | DB-5MS | 654.9 | Shoenmakers, Oomen, et al., 2000 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 1. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 250. C |
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 648.95 | Baraldi, Rapparini, et al., 1999 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 10. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 220. C |
Capillary | OV-101 | 658. | Orav, Kailas, et al., 1999 | 50. m/0.20 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 30. C @ 6. min, 1. K/min; Tend: 100. C |
Capillary | SE-54 | 670. | Bellesia, Pinetti, et al., 1996 | 25. m/0.2 mm/0.5 μm, He, 35. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 250. C |
Capillary | DB-1 | 658. | Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 1992 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm, He, 30. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 240. C |
Capillary | SE-30 | 651. | Heydanek and McGorrin, 1981 | He, 40. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm; Tend: 170. C |
Packed | Apiezon L | 668. | Dahlmann, Köser, et al., 1979 | Chromosorb G-AW-DMCS, 10. K/min; Column length: 2. m; Tstart: 25. C |
Capillary | SF-96 | 659. | Donetzhuber, Johansson, et al., 1976 | Nitrogen, 3. K/min, 130. C @ 40. min; Column length: 111. m; Column diameter: 0.76 mm; Initial hold: 8. min |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Squalane | 660. | Chen, 2008 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | Squalane | 669. | Chen, 2008 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | DB-5 MS | 669. | Cajka, Hajslova, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 45 0C (0.75 min) 10 0C/min -> 200 0C 30 0C/min -> 245 0C (1.25 min) |
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 663. | Feng and Mu, 2007 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 661. | Blunden, Aneja, et al., 2005 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, Helium; Program: -50 0C (2 min) 8 0C/min -> 200 0C (7.75 min) 25 0C -> 225 0C (8 min) |
Capillary | SE-30 | 677. | Vinogradov, 2004 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | SPB-5 | 657. | Begnaud, Pérès, et al., 2003 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm; Program: not specified |
Capillary | Apiezon L | 696. | Finkelstein, Kurbatova, et al., 2002 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 700. | N/A | Program: not specified |
Capillary | DB-1 | 664. | Zhu and Wang, 2001 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 666. | Zenkevich, 2000 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 657. | Spieksma, 1999 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 666. | Zenkevich, 1998 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | SPB-1 | 666. | Flanagan, Streete, et al., 1997 | 60. m/0.53 mm/5. μm, He; Program: 40C(6min) => 5C/min => 80C => 10C/min => 200C |
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 654. | Xu, Chu, et al., 1995 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | DB-1 | 649. | Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 1994 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified |
Capillary | DB-1 | 649. | Ciccioli, Brancaleoni, et al., 1993 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 3 min at 5 C; 5 - 50 C at 3 deg/min; 50 - 220 C at 5 deg/min |
Capillary | SE-30 | 664. | Lou, Liu, et al., 1993 | Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: not specified |
Capillary | OV-101 | 650. | Skrbic and Cvejanov, 1993 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | SPB-1 | 666. | Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992 | 60. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (6 min) 5 0C/min -> 80 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C |
Capillary | SPB-1 | 664. | Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992 | 60. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: not specified |
Capillary | OV-101 | 677. | Shibamoto, 1987 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | SE-52 | 666. | van Langenhove and Schamp, 1986 | Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm; Program: not specified |
Capillary | OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc. | 645. | Waggott and Davies, 1984 | Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified |
Capillary | OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc. | 661. | Waggott and Davies, 1984 | Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified |
Capillary | OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc. | 669. | Waggott and Davies, 1984 | Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified |
Capillary | OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc. | 675. | Waggott and Davies, 1984 | Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified |
Capillary | OV-1 | 664. | Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982 | Program: not specified |
Packed | SE-30 | 675. | Robinson and Odell, 1971 | N2, Chromosorb W; Column length: 6.1 m; Program: 50C910min) => 20C/min => 90(6min) => 10C/min => 150C(hold) |
Packed | Squalane | 669. | Robinson and Odell, 1971 | N2, Embacel; Column length: 3.0 m; Program: 25C(5min) => 2C/min => 35 => 4C/min => 95C(hold) |
Packed | SE-30 | 675. | Robinson and Odell, 1971, 2 | Chrom W; Column length: 6.1 m; Program: 50C(10min) => 20C/min(2min) => 90C(6min) => 10C/min(6min) => (hold at 150C) |
Packed | Squalane | 669. | Robinson and Odell, 1971, 2 | Embacel; Column length: 3.0 m; Program: 25C(5min) => 2C/min(5min) => 4C/min(15min) => (hold at 95C) |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | DB-Wax | 729. | Shimadzu, 2012 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 260. C |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 729. | Shimadzu Corporation, 2003 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 260. C |
Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 717. | Girard and Durance, 2000 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 10. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 200. C |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 712. | Chung, Eiserich, et al., 1993 | 60. C @ 4. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 220. C |
Capillary | BP-20 | 765. | MacLeod and Snyder, 1985 | 70. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Tend: 180. C |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | SOLGel-Wax | 742. | Johanningsmeier and McFeeters, 2011 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 5 0C/min -> 140 0C 10 0C/min -> 250 0C (3 min) |
Capillary | SOLGel-Wax | 737. | Johanningsmeier and McFeeters, 2011 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified |
Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 765. | Vinogradov, 2004 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 723. | Peng, Yang, et al., 1991 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 756. | Shibamoto, 1987 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | Carbowax 400, Carbowax 20M, Carbowax 1540, Carbowax 4000, Superox 06, PEG 20M, etc. | 723. | Waggott and Davies, 1984 | Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified |
Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 726. | Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982 | Program: not specified |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
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Puttemans, 1974
Puttemans, J.P.,
Ionisation de cycloalcanes (C5 a C12) en spectroscopie photoelectronique et par impact electronique,
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Sergeev, Akopyan, et al., 1973
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Rydberg states in cyclic alkanes,
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Molecular photoelectron spectroscopy. Part II. A summary of ionization potentials,
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Ionization potentials of some molecules,
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Determination of the beta silicon effect from a mass spectrometric study of the association of trimethylsilylium ion with alkenes,
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Bonding Energies in Association Ions of Aromatic Molecules. Correlations with Ionization Energies,
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Deakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985
Deakyne, C.A.; Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.,
Unconventional Ionic Hydrogen Bonds. 2. NH+ pi. Complexes of Onium Ions with Olefins and Benzene Derivatives,
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Staley and Beauchamp, 1975
Staley, R.H.; Beauchamp, J.L.,
Intrinsic Acid - Base Properties of Molecules. Binding Energies of Li+ to pi - and n - Donor Bases,
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Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970
Dzidic, I.; Kebarle, P.,
Hydration of the Alkali Ions in the Gas Phase. Enthalpies and Entropies of Reactions M+(H2O)n-1 + H2O = M+(H2O)n,
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Pickett, L.W.; Muntz, M.; McPherson, E.M.,
Vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectra of cyclic compounds. I. Cyclohexane, cyclohexene, cyclopentane, Cyclopentene and benzene,
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Preliminary study of the retention behavior for different compounds using cryogenic chromatography at different initial temperatures,
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Kurbatova, Finkelstein, et al., 2004
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Structural analogy method in studies of adamantanes,
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Soják, 2004
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Separation and identification of isomeric hydrocarbons by capillary gas chromatography and hyphenated spectrometric techniques,
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Chen, Liang, et al., 2001
Chen, J.P.; Liang, X.M.; Zhang, Q.; Zhang, L.F.,
Prediction of GC retention values under various column temperature conditions from temperature programmed data,
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Dallos, Sisak, et al., 2000
Dallos, A.; Sisak, A.; Kulcsár, Z.; Kováts, E.,
Pair-wise interactions by gas chromatography VII. Interaction free enthalpies of solutes with secondary alcohol groups,
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Garay, 2000
Garay, F.,
Application of a flow-tunable, serially coupled gas chromatographic capillary column system for the analysis of complex mixtures,
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Zhuravleva, 2000
Zhuravleva, I.L.,
Evaluation of the polarity and boiling points of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds by gas chromatography,
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Skrbic, 1997
Skrbic, B.D.,
Unified retention concept -- statistical treatment of Kováts retention index,
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Estel, Mohnke, et al., 1995
Estel, D.; Mohnke; Biermans; Rotzsche,
The analysis of C4-C11 hydrocarbons in naphtha and reformate with a new apolar fused silica column,
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Cha and Lee, 1994
Cha, K.-W.; Lee, D.-J.,
Prediction of retention indices of various compounds in gas-liquid chromatography,
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Hilal, Carreira, et al., 1994
Hilal, S.H.; Carreira, L.A.; Karickhoff, S.W.; Melton, C.M.,
Estimation of Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Retention Times from Molecular Structure,
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Do and Raulin, 1992
Do, L.; Raulin, F.,
Gas chromatography of Titan's atmosphere. III. Analysis of low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons and nitriles with a CP-Sil-5 CB WCOT capillary column,
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Reddy, Dutoit, et al., 1992
Reddy, K.S.; Dutoit, J.-Cl.; Kovats, E. sz.,
Pair-wise interactions by gas chromatography. I. Interaction free enthalpies of solutes with non-associated primary alcohol groups,
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Skrbic and Cvejanov, 1992
Skrbic, B.D.; Cvejanov, J.Dj.,
Unified retention indices of hydrocarbons on BP-1 dimethylsiloxane stationary phase,
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Dutoit, 1991
Dutoit, J.,
Gas chromatographic retention behaviour of some solutes on structurally similar polar and non-polar stationary phases,
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Guan, Kiraly, et al., 1989
Guan, Y.; Kiraly, J.; Rijks, J.A.,
Interactive retention index database for compound identification in temperature-programmed capillary gas chromatography,
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Bangjie, Yijian, et al., 1988
Bangjie, C.; Yijian, G.; Shaoyi, P.,
Calculation of retention indices at an assigned temperature from temperature programmed data,
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Laub and Purnell, 1988
Laub, R.J.; Purnell, J.H.,
Specific retention volumes, retention indices, and family-plot regressions of aliphatic, alicyclic, and aromatic hydrocarbon solutes with OV-101 poly (dimethylsiloxane) stationary phase,
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Litvinenko, Isakova, et al., 1988
Litvinenko, G.S.; Isakova, L.A.; Rubanyk, N.N.,
Quantitative correlation between structure of stereoisomeric saturated cyclic compounds and gas-chromatographic retention indices. I. Methysubstituted,
Izv. AN Kaz. SSR, Ser. Khim., 1988, 5, 54-66. [all data]
Lunskii and Paizanskaya, 1988
Lunskii, M.Kh.; Paizanskaya, I.L.,
Identification of hydrocarbons C1-C9 of petrol fractions of oils and condensates in the use of capillary columns with dinonylphthalate,
Zh. Anal. Khim., 1988, 43, 127-135. [all data]
Engewald, Billing, et al., 1987
Engewald, W.; Billing, U.; Welsch, T.; Haufe, G.,
Structure-retention correlations of hydrocarbons in gas-liquid and gas-solid chromatography. Cycloalkenes and cycloalkadienes,
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Engewald, Topalova, et al., 1987
Engewald, W.; Topalova, I.; Petsev, N.; Dimitrov, Chr.,
Structure-Retention Correlations of Hydrocarbons in GLC and GSC. Alkenylbenzenes,
Chromatographia, 1987, 23, 8, 561-565, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02324864
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Evans and Haken, 1987
Evans, M.B.; Haken, J.K.,
Dispersion and selectivity indices of the halogenated derivatives of cyclohexane, benzene and anisole,
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Fernández-Sánchez, García-Domínguez, et al., 1987
Fernández-Sánchez, E.; García-Domínguez, J.A.; García-Muñoz, J.; Menéndez, V.; Molera, M.J.,
Prediction of gas chromatographic retention indices on binary mixed stationary phases,
An. Quim., 1987, 83, 56-58. [all data]
Boneva and Dimov, 1986
Boneva, S.; Dimov, N.,
Unified retention index of hydrocarbons separated on dimethylsilicone OV-101,
Chromatographia, 1986, 21, 12, 697-700, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02313682
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Haken and Vernon, 1986
Haken, J.K.; Vernon, F.,
Gas chromatography of halogenated derivatives of cyclohexane, benzene and anisole,
J. Chromatogr., 1986, 361, 57-61, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)86893-X
. [all data]
Anders, Anders, et al., 1985
Anders, G.; Anders, K.; Engewald, W.,
Identification of non-branched alkenylcycloalkanes with a terminal double bond from retention index increments,
Chromatographia, 1985, 20, 2, 83-86, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02280602
. [all data]
Oszczapowicz, Osek, et al., 1985
Oszczapowicz, J.; Osek, J.; Ciszkowski, K.; Krawczyk, W.; Ostrowski, M.,
Retention Indices of Dimethylbenzamidines and Benzylideneamines on a Non-Polar Column,
J. Chromatogr., 1985, 330, 79-85, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)81964-6
. [all data]
Tiess, 1984
Tiess, D.,
Gaschromatographische Retentionsindices von 125 leicht- bis mittelflüchtigen organischen Substanzen toxikologisch-analytischer Relevanz auf SE-30,
Wiss. Z. Wilhelm-Pieck-Univ. Rostock Math. Naturwiss. Reihe, 1984, 33, 6-9. [all data]
Chien, Furio, et al., 1983
Chien, C.-F.; Furio, D.L.; Kopecni, M.M.; Laub, R.J.,
Specific Retention Volumes and Retention Indices of Selected Hydrocarbon Solutes with OV-101 and SP-2100 Polydimethylsiloxane Solvents,
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Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2
Chien, C.-F.; Furio, D.L.; Kopecni, M.M.; Laub, R.J.,
Specific retention volumes and retention indices of selected hydrocarbon solutes with OV-3, OV-7, OV-11, OV-17, OV-22, and OV-25 polymethylphenylsiloxane solvents,
J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1983, 6, 12, 669-679, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240061207
. [all data]
Lubeck and Sutton, 1983
Lubeck, A.J.; Sutton, DL.,
Kovats retention indices of selected hydrocarbons through C10 on bonded phase fused silica capillaries,
J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1983, 6, 6, 328-332, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240060612
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Winskowski, 1983
Winskowski, J.,
Gaschromatographische Identifizierung von Stoffen anhand von Indexziffem und unterschiedlichen Detektoren,
Chromatographia, 1983, 17, 3, 160-165, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02271041
. [all data]
Anders, Scheller, et al., 1982
Anders, G.; Scheller, M.; Schuhler, C.; Struppe, H.G.,
Zur Vorausberechnung von Bruttoretentioszeiten bei temperaturprogramierter Gaschromatographie mit Hilfe isotherm bestimmter Retentionsindices und einer Anpassung an experimentelle Retentionszeiten,
Chromatographia, 1982, 15, 1, 43-47, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02269039
. [all data]
Bredael, 1982
Bredael, P.,
Retention indices of hydrocarbons on SE-30,
J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1982, 5, 6, 325-328, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050610
. [all data]
Goebel, 1982
Goebel, K.-J.,
Gaschromatographische Identifizierung Niedrig Siedender Substanzen Mittels Retentionsindices und Rechnerhilfe,
J. Chromatogr., 1982, 235, 1, 119-127, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)95793-5
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Jaworski, 1982
Jaworski, M.,
Wybrane przyklady stosowania systemu indeksów retencji,
Przem. Chem., 1982, 61, 9, 334-338. [all data]
Johansen and Ettre, 1982
Johansen, N.G.; Ettre, L.S.,
Retention index values of hydrocarbons on open-tubular columns coated with methylsilicone liquid phases,
Chromatographia, 1982, 15, 10, 625-630, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02279488
. [all data]
Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981
Chien, C.-F.; Kopecni, M.M.; Laub, R.J.,
Specific Retention Volumes and Retention Indices of Selected Hydrocarbon Solutes with OV-1 and SE-30 Polydimethylsiloxane Solvents,
J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1981, 4, 10, 539-543, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240041017
. [all data]
Mitra, 1981
Mitra, G.D.,
Conversion of linear retention indices into logarithmic retention indices,
J. Chromatogr., 1981, 211, 2, 239-242, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)88039-5
. [all data]
Albaigés and Guardino, 1980
Albaigés, J.; Guardino, X.,
Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric identification of alkylcyclohexanes and cyclohexenes,
Chromatographia, 1980, 13, 12, 755-762, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02265555
. [all data]
Morishita, Okano, et al., 1980
Morishita, F.; Okano, T.; Kojima, T.,
Retention indices of monocyclic monoterpene hydrocarbons,
Bunseki Kagaku, 1980, 29, 1, 48-53, https://doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.29.48
. [all data]
Nabivach and Kirilenko, 1980
Nabivach, V.M.; Kirilenko, A.V.,
Relationship between the gas chromatographic behaviour and the molecular structure of hydrocarbon samples and various stationary phases. Part II. Correlation between the retention index, physicochemical properties and molecular structure,
Chromatographia, 1980, 13, 2, 93-100, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02263060
. [all data]
Bajus, Veselý, et al., 1979
Bajus, M.; Veselý, V.; Leclercq, P.A.; Rijks, J.A.,
Steam cracking of hydrocarbons. 2. Pyrolysis of methylcyclohexane,
Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 1979, 18, 2, 135-142, https://doi.org/10.1021/i360070a012
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Pacáková and Koslík, 1978
Pacáková, V.; Koslík, V.,
Capillary reaction gas chromatography. I. Catalytic decomposition of hydrocarbons,
Chromatographia, 1978, 11, 5, 266-273, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02282952
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Rang, Orav, et al., 1977
Rang, S.; Orav, A.; Kuningas, K.; Eisen, O.,
Capillary Gas Chromatography of Monosubstituted Cyclopentenes and Cyclohexenes,
Chromatographia, 1977, 10, 3, 115-122, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02297862
. [all data]
Lulova, Leont'eva, et al., 1976
Lulova, N.I.; Leont'eva, S.A.; Timofeeva, A.N.,
Gas-chromatographic method of determination of individual hydrocarbons in catalytic cracking gasolines
in Proceedings of All-Union Research Institute on Oil Processes. Vol.18, All-Union Research Institute on Oil Processes, Moscow, 1976, 30-53. [all data]
Riedo, Fritz, et al., 1976
Riedo, F.; Fritz, D.; Tarján, G.; Kováts, E.Sz.,
A tailor-made C87 hydrocarbon as a possible non-polar standard stationary phase for gas chromatography,
J. Chromatogr., 1976, 126, 63-83, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)84063-2
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Vernon and Edwards, 1975
Vernon, F.; Edwards, G.T.,
Gas-liquid chromatography on fluorinated stationary phases. I. Hydrocarbons and fluorocarbons,
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Notes
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References
- Symbols used in this document:
AE Appearance energy IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy T Temperature ΔrG° Free energy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrS° Entropy of reaction at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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