Formic acid, propyl ester
- Formula: C4H8O2
- Molecular weight: 88.1051
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: KFNNIILCVOLYIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 110-74-7
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Other names: n-Propyl formate; Propyl formate; Propyl methanoate; HCOOCH2CH2CH3; Formiate de propyle; Propylester kyseliny mravenci; UN 1281; Propyl ester of formic acid
- Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
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Condensed phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔfH°solid | -120. ± 10. | kcal/mol | Ccb | Delafontaine, Sabbah, et al., 1973 | %hf298 calculated possible error by the authors; ALS |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔcH°solid | -530. ± 10. | kcal/mol | Ccb | Delafontaine, Sabbah, et al., 1973 | %hf298 calculated possible error by the authors; Corresponding ΔfHºsolid = -120. kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS |
Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid
Cp,liquid (cal/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
41.133 | 298.15 | Pintos, Bravo, et al., 1988 | DH |
40.970 | 298.15 | Jimenez, Romani, et al., 1986 | DH |
41.126 | 298.15 | Baluja, Bravo, et al., 1985 | DH |
Phase change data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tboil | 354.1 ± 0.3 | K | AVG | N/A | Average of 17 values; Individual data points |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Tfus | 180.3 | K | N/A | Timmermans, 1922 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.4 K; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Tc | 538. | K | N/A | Majer and Svoboda, 1985 | |
Tc | 538.00 | K | N/A | Young, 1910 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 1. K; TRC |
Tc | 538.00 | K | N/A | Young and Thomas, 1893 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 1. K; TRC |
Tc | 533.7 | K | N/A | De Heen, 1888 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 4. K; TRC |
Tc | 534.0 | K | N/A | Nadezhdin, 1887 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 4. K; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Pc | 40.08 | atm | N/A | Young, 1910 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.6000 atm; TRC |
Pc | 40.079 | atm | N/A | Young and Thomas, 1893 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.39 atm; TRC |
Pc | 42.73 | atm | N/A | Nadezhdin, 1887 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 3.0000 atm; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ρc | 3.511 | mol/l | N/A | Young, 1910 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.06 mol/l; TRC |
ρc | 3.513 | mol/l | N/A | Young and Thomas, 1893 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.05 mol/l; TRC |
ρc | 3.46 | mol/l | N/A | Nadezhdin, 1887 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.06 mol/l; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔvapH° | 8.989 | kcal/mol | N/A | Majer and Svoboda, 1985 | |
ΔvapH° | 8.96 ± 0.02 | kcal/mol | C | Svoboda, Uchytilová, et al., 1980 | AC |
ΔvapH° | 7.77 ± 0.01 | kcal/mol | V | Mathews, 1926 | ALS |
Enthalpy of vaporization
ΔvapH (kcal/mol) | Temperature (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
8.033 | 354. | N/A | Majer and Svoboda, 1985 | |
8.44 | 317. | N/A | Fárková and Wichterle, 1993 | Based on data from 302. to 353. K.; AC |
7.82 | 369. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 354. to 518. K.; AC |
8.80 | 245. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 230. to 355. K.; AC |
8.72 ± 0.02 | 313. | C | Svoboda, Uchytilová, et al., 1980 | AC |
8.56 ± 0.02 | 326. | C | Cihlár, Hynek, et al., 1976 | AC |
8.46 ± 0.02 | 331. | C | Cihlár, Hynek, et al., 1976 | AC |
8.22 ± 0.02 | 344. | C | Cihlár, Hynek, et al., 1976 | AC |
8.08 ± 0.02 | 351. | C | Cihlár, Hynek, et al., 1976 | AC |
8.01 ± 0.02 | 355. | C | Cihlár, Hynek, et al., 1976 | AC |
7.86 ± 0.02 | 363. | C | Cihlár, Hynek, et al., 1976 | AC |
8.51 | 314. | N/A | Nelson, 1928 | Based on data from 299. to 355. K. See also Boublik, Fried, et al., 1984.; AC |
Enthalpy of vaporization
ΔvapH =
A exp(-βTr) (1 − Tr)β
ΔvapH =
Enthalpy of vaporization (at saturation pressure)
(kcal/mol)
Tr = reduced temperature (T / Tc)
View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.
Temperature (K) | A (kcal/mol) | β | Tc (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
298. to 363. | 13.48 | 0.2992 | 538. | Majer and Svoboda, 1985 |
Antoine Equation Parameters
log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
P = vapor pressure (atm)
T = temperature (K)
View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.
Temperature (K) | A | B | C | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
299.4 to 355.5 | 4.02824 | 1159.609 | -65.815 | Nelson, 1928 | Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data. |
Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
View reactions leading to C4H8O2+ (ion structure unspecified)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IE (evaluated) | 10.54 ± 0.05 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Proton affinity (review) | 192.4 | kcal/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Gas basicity | 185.0 | kcal/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Ionization energy determinations
IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
10.3 ± 0.2 | CEMS | Jalonen, Tedder, et al., 1980 | LLK |
10.50 ± 0.05 | PE | Benoit, Harrison, et al., 1977 | LLK |
10.50 | PE | Benoit and Harrison, 1977 | LLK |
10.62 | PE | Sweigart and Turner, 1972 | LLK |
10.54 ± 0.01 | PI | Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962 | RDSH |
Appearance energy determinations
Ion | AE (eV) | Other Products | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CHO+ | 11.56 ± 0.06 | ? | EI | Brion and Dunning, 1963 | RDSH |
CHO2+ | 12.34 ± 0.04 | C3H7 | EI | Brion and Dunning, 1963 | RDSH |
CH3+ | 11.94 ± 0.02 | ? | EI | Brion and Dunning, 1963 | RDSH |
CH3O+ | 11.10 ± 0.05 | C2H5+CO | EI | Selim and Helal, 1981 | LLK |
CH3O+ | 11.9 ± 0.3 | ? | CEMS | Jalonen, Tedder, et al., 1980 | LLK |
CH3O2+ | 10.7 ± 0.2 | ? | CEMS | Jalonen, Tedder, et al., 1980 | LLK |
CH3O2+ | 10.45 ± 0.05 | CH2=CHCH2 | EI | Benoit, Harrison, et al., 1977 | LLK |
CH3O2+ | 11.0 ± 0.1 | ? | EI | Munson and Franklin, 1964 | RDSH |
C3H6+ | 10.7 ± 0.2 | HCOOH | CEMS | Jalonen, Tedder, et al., 1980 | LLK |
C3H7+ | 11.63 ± 0.05 | ? | EI | Brion and Dunning, 1963 | RDSH |
C3H7O+ | 11.0 ± 0.1 | HCO | CEMS | Jalonen, Tedder, et al., 1980 | LLK |
Gas Chromatography
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Packed | Squalane | 50. | 564. | Becerra, Sánchez, et al., 1982 | N2, Chromosorb W-AM; Column length: 6. m |
Packed | Apiezon L | 120. | 572. | Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978 | Celite 545 |
Packed | Apiezon L | 160. | 576. | Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978 | Celite 545 |
Packed | Apiezon L | 70. | 570. | Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978 | |
Packed | SE-30 | 150. | 602. | Ashes and Haken, 1974 | Celaton (62-72 mesh); Column length: 3.7 m |
Packed | Squalane | 50. | 559. | Mira and Sanchez, 1970 | Chromosorb G |
Packed | SE-30 | 150. | 592. | Germaine and Haken, 1969 | Celite 560; Column length: 3.7 m |
Packed | Apiezon L | 130. | 574. | Wehrli and Kováts, 1959 | Celite; Column length: 2.25 m |
Packed | Apiezon L | 70. | 570. | Wehrli and Kováts, 1959 | Celite; Column length: 2.25 m |
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | SE-30 | 602. | Chretien and Dubois, 1978 | Program: not specified |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | FFAP | 892. | Yasuhara, 1987 | 50. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 20C (5min) => 2C/min => 70C => 4C/min => 210C |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Polydimethyl siloxane | 105. | 604. | Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009 | |
Capillary | Polydimethyl siloxane | 75. | 605. | Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009 | |
Capillary | Polydimethyl siloxane | 90. | 604. | Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009 |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 602. | Du and Feng, 2008 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 602. | Chen and Feng, 2007 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | SE-30 | 606. | Vinogradov, 2004 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 602. | N/A | Program: not specified |
Capillary | SPB-1 | 606. | Flanagan, Streete, et al., 1997 | 60. m/0.53 mm/5. μm, He; Program: 40C(6min) => 5C/min => 80C => 10C/min => 200C |
Capillary | SPB-1 | 606. | Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992 | 60. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (6 min) 5 0C/min -> 80 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C |
Capillary | SPB-1 | 603. | Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992 | 60. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: not specified |
Capillary | OV-1 | 603. | Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982 | Program: not specified |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 907. | Vinogradov, 2004 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 916. | Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982 | Program: not specified |
References
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Delafontaine, Sabbah, et al., 1973
Delafontaine, J.; Sabbah, R.; Laffitte, M.,
Mesures microcalorimetriques des enthalpies de reference de formation (a l'etat condense) de composes volatils - mise au point de la technique,
Z. Phys. Chem. (Neue Folge), 1973, 84, 157-172. [all data]
Pintos, Bravo, et al., 1988
Pintos, M.; Bravo, R.; Baluja, M.C.; Paz Andrade, M.I.; Roux-Desgranges, G.; Grolier, J.-P.E.,
Can. J. Chem., 1988, 1179. [all data]
Jimenez, Romani, et al., 1986
Jimenez, E.; Romani, L.; Paz Andrade, M.I.; Roux-Desgranges, G.; Grolier, J.-P.E.,
Molar excess heat capacities and volumes for mixtures of alkanoates with cyclohexane at 25°C,
J. Solution Chem., 1986, 15(11), 879-890. [all data]
Baluja, Bravo, et al., 1985
Baluja, M.C.; Bravo, R.; Pintos, M.; Paz Andrade, M.I.; Roux-Desgranges, G.; Grolier, J.-P.E.,
Unusual dependence on concentration of the excess heat capacities of ester solutions in alkanes,
Calorim. Anal. Therm., 1985, 16, 138-144. [all data]
Timmermans, 1922
Timmermans, J.,
Investigation of the Freezing Point of Organic Substances VII,
Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 1922, 31, 389. [all data]
Majer and Svoboda, 1985
Majer, V.; Svoboda, V.,
Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300. [all data]
Young, 1910
Young, S.,
The Internal Heat of Vaporization constants of thirty pure substances,
Sci. Proc. R. Dublin Soc., 1910, 12, 374. [all data]
Young and Thomas, 1893
Young, S.; Thomas, G.L.,
The vapour pressures, molecular volumes, and critical constants of ten of the lower esters,
J. Chem. Soc., 1893, 63, 1191. [all data]
De Heen, 1888
De Heen, P.,
Research on Physics and Theory of Liquids, Experimental Part Paris, 1888. [all data]
Nadezhdin, 1887
Nadezhdin, A.,
Rep. Phys., 1887, 23, 708. [all data]
Svoboda, Uchytilová, et al., 1980
Svoboda, Václav; Uchytilová, Vera; Majer, Vladimír; Pick, Jirí,
Heats of vaporization of alkyl esters of formic, acetic and propionic acids,
Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun., 1980, 45, 12, 3233-3240, https://doi.org/10.1135/cccc19803233
. [all data]
Mathews, 1926
Mathews, J.H.,
The accurate measurement of heats of vaporization of liquids,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1926, 48, 562-576. [all data]
Fárková and Wichterle, 1993
Fárková, J.; Wichterle, I.,
Vapour pressures of some ethyl and propyl esters of fatty acids,
Fluid Phase Equilibria, 1993, 90, 1, 143-148, https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-3812(93)85009-B
. [all data]
Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw,
Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2
. [all data]
Cihlár, Hynek, et al., 1976
Cihlár, J.; Hynek, V.; Svoboda, V.; Holub, R.,
Heats of vaporization of alkyl esters of formic acid,
Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun., 1976, 41, 1, 1-6, https://doi.org/10.1135/cccc19760001
. [all data]
Nelson, 1928
Nelson, O.A.,
Vapor Pressures of Fumigants: II---Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, Isopropyl, n-Butyl, Secondary Butyl and Isobutyl Formates 1,
Ind. Eng. Chem., 1928, 20, 12, 1382-1384, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50228a035
. [all data]
Boublik, Fried, et al., 1984
Boublik, T.; Fried, V.; Hala, E.,
The Vapour Pressures of Pure Substances: Selected Values of the Temperature Dependence of the Vapour Pressures of Some Pure Substances in the Normal and Low Pressure Region, 2nd ed., Elsevier, New York, 1984, 972. [all data]
Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G.,
Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018
. [all data]
Jalonen, Tedder, et al., 1980
Jalonen, J.; Tedder, J.M.; Nidaud, P.H.,
Charge-exchange mass spectra of ethyl acetate, methyl proprionate and propyl formate,
J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2, 1980, 76, 1450. [all data]
Benoit, Harrison, et al., 1977
Benoit, F.M.; Harrison, A.G.; Lossing, F.P.,
Hydrogen migrations in mass spectrometry III-Energetics of formation of [R'CO2H2]+ in the mass spectra of R'CO2R,
Org. Mass Spectrom., 1977, 12, 78. [all data]
Benoit and Harrison, 1977
Benoit, F.M.; Harrison, A.G.,
Predictive value of proton affinity. Ionization energy correlations involving oxygenated molecules,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1977, 99, 3980. [all data]
Sweigart and Turner, 1972
Sweigart, D.A.; Turner, D.W.,
Lone pair orbitals and their interactions studied by photoelectron spectroscopy. I. Carboxylic acids and their derivatives,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1972, 94, 5592. [all data]
Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962
Watanabe, K.; Nakayama, T.; Mottl, J.,
Ionization potentials of some molecules,
J. Quant. Spectry. Radiative Transfer, 1962, 2, 369. [all data]
Brion and Dunning, 1963
Brion, C.E.; Dunning, W.J.,
Electron impact studies of simple carboxylic esters,
J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 1963, 59, 647. [all data]
Selim and Helal, 1981
Selim, E.T.M.; Helal, A.I.,
Heat of formation of CH2=OH+ fragment ion,
Indian J. Pure Appl. Phys., 1981, 19, 977. [all data]
Munson and Franklin, 1964
Munson, M.S.B.; Franklin, J.L.,
Energetics of some gaseous oxygenated organic ions,
J. Phys. Chem., 1964, 68, 3191. [all data]
Becerra, Sánchez, et al., 1982
Becerra, M.R.; Sánchez, E.F.; Domínguez, J.A.G.; Muñoz, J.G.; Molera, M.J.,
The use of gaseous and liquid n-paraffins in GC identification of oxidation products of acetondimethyl acetal,
J. Chromatogr. Sci., 1982, 20, 8, 363-366, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/20.8.363
. [all data]
Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978
Bogoslovsky, Yu.N.; Anvaer, B.I.; Vigdergauz, M.S.,
Chromatographic constants in gas chromatography (in Russian), Standards Publ. House, Moscow, 1978, 192. [all data]
Ashes and Haken, 1974
Ashes, J.R.; Haken, J.K.,
Gas chromatography of homologous esters. VI. Structure-retention increments of aliphatic esters,
J. Chromatogr., 1974, 101, 1, 103-123, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)94737-5
. [all data]
Mira and Sanchez, 1970
Mira, J.M.; Sanchez, L.G.,
Polarity of the Gas Chromatographic Stationary Phases and Retention Indices of Aliphatic Esters, Ketones and Alcohols,
Anal. Chim. Acta., 1970, 50, 2, 315-321, https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2670(70)80071-X
. [all data]
Germaine and Haken, 1969
Germaine, R.W.; Haken, J.K.,
Gas chromatography of homologous esters. Part 1. Simple aliphatic esters,
J. Chromatogr., 1969, 43, 33-42, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)99162-3
. [all data]
Wehrli and Kováts, 1959
Wehrli, A.; Kováts, E.,
Gas-chromatographische Charakterisierung ogranischer Verbindungen. Teil 3: Berechnung der Retentionsindices aliphatischer, alicyclischer und aromatischer Verbindungen,
Helv. Chim. Acta, 1959, 7, 7, 2709-2736, https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19590420745
. [all data]
Chretien and Dubois, 1978
Chretien, J.R.; Dubois, J-E.,
Topological Analysis: A Technique for the Physico-Chemical Exploitation of Retention Data in Gas-Liquid Chromatography,
J. Chromatogr., 1978, 158, 43-56, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)89954-9
. [all data]
Yasuhara, 1987
Yasuhara, A.,
Identification of Volatile Compounds in Poultry Manure by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry,
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. [all data]
Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009
Tello, A.M.; Lebron-Aguilar, R.; Quintanilla-Lopez, J.E.; Santiuste, J.M.,
Isothermal retention indices on poly93-cyanopropylmethyl)siloxane stationary phases,
J. Chromatogr. A, 2009, 1216, 10, 1630-1639, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.10.025
. [all data]
Du and Feng, 2008
Du, X.; Feng, C.,
Correlativity research between topological dyeing index and gas chromatography retention index of fatty esters,
J. Petrochem. Univ. (Chinese), 2008, 21, 1, 16-20. [all data]
Chen and Feng, 2007
Chen, Y.; Feng, C.,
QSPR study on gas chromatography retention index of some organic pollutants,
Comput. Appl. Chem. (China), 2007, 24, 10, 1404-1408. [all data]
Vinogradov, 2004
Vinogradov, B.A.,
Production, composition, properties and application of essential oils, 2004, retrieved from http://viness.narod.ru. [all data]
Flanagan, Streete, et al., 1997
Flanagan, R.J.; Streete, P.J.; Ramsey, J.D.,
Volatile Substance Abuse, UNODC Technical Series, No 5, United Nations, Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 500, A-1400 Vienna, Austria, 1997, 56, retrieved from http://www.odccp.org/pdf/technicalseries1997-01-011.pdf. [all data]
Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992
Strete, P.J.; Ruprah, M.; Ramsey, J.D.; Flanagan, R.J.,
Detection and identification of volatile substances by headspace capillary gas chromatography to aid the diagnosis of acute poisoning,
Analyst, 1992, 117, 7, 1111-1127, https://doi.org/10.1039/an9921701111
. [all data]
Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982
Ramsey, J.D.; Flanagan, R.J.,
Detection and Identification of Volatile Organic Compounds in Blood by Headspace Gas Chromatography as an Aid to the Diagnosis of Solvent Abuse,
J. Chromatogr., 1982, 240, 2, 423-444, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)99622-5
. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, References
- Symbols used in this document:
AE Appearance energy Cp,liquid Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy Pc Critical pressure Tboil Boiling point Tc Critical temperature Tfus Fusion (melting) point ΔcH°solid Enthalpy of combustion of solid at standard conditions ΔfH°solid Enthalpy of formation of solid at standard conditions ΔvapH Enthalpy of vaporization ΔvapH° Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions ρc Critical density - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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