Formic acid, propyl ester

• Formula: C₄H₈O₂
• Molecular weight: 88.1051
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C4H8O2/c1-2-3-6-4-5/h4H,2-3H2,1H3 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: KFNNIILCVOLYIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 110-74-7
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Other names: n-Propyl formate; Propyl formate; Propyl methanoate; HCOOCH2CH2CH3; Formiate de propyle; Propylester kyseliny mravenci; UN 1281; Propyl ester of formic acid
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• Information on this page:
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • Gas Chromatography
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Henry's Law data
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
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Condensed phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Enthalpy of vaporization

Enthalpy of vaporization

Δ_vapH = A exp(-βT_r) (1 − T_r)^β
    Δ_vapH = Enthalpy of vaporization (at saturation pressure) (kcal/mol)
    T_r = reduced temperature (T / T_c)

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Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (atm)
    T = temperature (K)

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Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C₄H₈O₂⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Ionization energy determinations

Appearance energy determinations

IR Spectrum

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Gas Phase Spectrum

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Additional Data

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Additional Data

Gas Chromatography

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program

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Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

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References

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Delafontaine, Sabbah, et al., 1973
Delafontaine, J.; Sabbah, R.; Laffitte, M., Mesures microcalorimetriques des enthalpies de reference de formation (a l'etat condense) de composes volatils - mise au point de la technique, Z. Phys. Chem. (Neue Folge), 1973, 84, 157-172. [all data]

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Jimenez, Romani, et al., 1986
Jimenez, E.; Romani, L.; Paz Andrade, M.I.; Roux-Desgranges, G.; Grolier, J.-P.E., Molar excess heat capacities and volumes for mixtures of alkanoates with cyclohexane at 25°C, J. Solution Chem., 1986, 15(11), 879-890. [all data]

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Baluja, M.C.; Bravo, R.; Pintos, M.; Paz Andrade, M.I.; Roux-Desgranges, G.; Grolier, J.-P.E., Unusual dependence on concentration of the excess heat capacities of ester solutions in alkanes, Calorim. Anal. Therm., 1985, 16, 138-144. [all data]

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Timmermans, J., Investigation of the Freezing Point of Organic Substances VII, Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 1922, 31, 389. [all data]

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Majer, V.; Svoboda, V., Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300. [all data]

Young, 1910
Young, S., The Internal Heat of Vaporization constants of thirty pure substances, Sci. Proc. R. Dublin Soc., 1910, 12, 374. [all data]

Young and Thomas, 1893
Young, S.; Thomas, G.L., The vapour pressures, molecular volumes, and critical constants of ten of the lower esters, J. Chem. Soc., 1893, 63, 1191. [all data]

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De Heen, P., Research on Physics and Theory of Liquids, Experimental Part Paris, 1888. [all data]

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Nadezhdin, A., Rep. Phys., 1887, 23, 708. [all data]

Svoboda, Uchytilová, et al., 1980
Svoboda, Václav; Uchytilová, Vera; Majer, Vladimír; Pick, Jirí, Heats of vaporization of alkyl esters of formic, acetic and propionic acids, Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun., 1980, 45, 12, 3233-3240, https://doi.org/10.1135/cccc19803233 . [all data]

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Mathews, J.H., The accurate measurement of heats of vaporization of liquids, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1926, 48, 562-576. [all data]

Fárková and Wichterle, 1993
Fárková, J.; Wichterle, I., Vapour pressures of some ethyl and propyl esters of fatty acids, Fluid Phase Equilibria, 1993, 90, 1, 143-148, https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-3812(93)85009-B . [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
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Cihlár, Hynek, et al., 1976
Cihlár, J.; Hynek, V.; Svoboda, V.; Holub, R., Heats of vaporization of alkyl esters of formic acid, Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun., 1976, 41, 1, 1-6, https://doi.org/10.1135/cccc19760001 . [all data]

Nelson, 1928
Nelson, O.A., Vapor Pressures of Fumigants: II---Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, Isopropyl, n-Butyl, Secondary Butyl and Isobutyl Formates ¹, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1928, 20, 12, 1382-1384, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50228a035 . [all data]

Boublik, Fried, et al., 1984
Boublik, T.; Fried, V.; Hala, E., The Vapour Pressures of Pure Substances: Selected Values of the Temperature Dependence of the Vapour Pressures of Some Pure Substances in the Normal and Low Pressure Region, 2nd ed., Elsevier, New York, 1984, 972. [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Jalonen, Tedder, et al., 1980
Jalonen, J.; Tedder, J.M.; Nidaud, P.H., Charge-exchange mass spectra of ethyl acetate, methyl proprionate and propyl formate, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2, 1980, 76, 1450. [all data]

Benoit, Harrison, et al., 1977
Benoit, F.M.; Harrison, A.G.; Lossing, F.P., Hydrogen migrations in mass spectrometry III-Energetics of formation of [R'CO₂H₂]⁺ in the mass spectra of R'CO₂R, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1977, 12, 78. [all data]

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Benoit, F.M.; Harrison, A.G., Predictive value of proton affinity. Ionization energy correlations involving oxygenated molecules, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1977, 99, 3980. [all data]

Sweigart and Turner, 1972
Sweigart, D.A.; Turner, D.W., Lone pair orbitals and their interactions studied by photoelectron spectroscopy. I. Carboxylic acids and their derivatives, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1972, 94, 5592. [all data]

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Watanabe, K.; Nakayama, T.; Mottl, J., Ionization potentials of some molecules, J. Quant. Spectry. Radiative Transfer, 1962, 2, 369. [all data]

Brion and Dunning, 1963
Brion, C.E.; Dunning, W.J., Electron impact studies of simple carboxylic esters, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 1963, 59, 647. [all data]

Selim and Helal, 1981
Selim, E.T.M.; Helal, A.I., Heat of formation of CH₂=OH⁺ fragment ion, Indian J. Pure Appl. Phys., 1981, 19, 977. [all data]

Munson and Franklin, 1964
Munson, M.S.B.; Franklin, J.L., Energetics of some gaseous oxygenated organic ions, J. Phys. Chem., 1964, 68, 3191. [all data]

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Becerra, M.R.; Sánchez, E.F.; Domínguez, J.A.G.; Muñoz, J.G.; Molera, M.J., The use of gaseous and liquid n-paraffins in GC identification of oxidation products of acetondimethyl acetal, J. Chromatogr. Sci., 1982, 20, 8, 363-366, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/20.8.363 . [all data]

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Ashes, J.R.; Haken, J.K., Gas chromatography of homologous esters. VI. Structure-retention increments of aliphatic esters, J. Chromatogr., 1974, 101, 1, 103-123, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)94737-5 . [all data]

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Yasuhara, A., Identification of Volatile Compounds in Poultry Manure by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, J. Chromatogr., 1987, 387, 371-378, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)94539-X . [all data]

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Tello, A.M.; Lebron-Aguilar, R.; Quintanilla-Lopez, J.E.; Santiuste, J.M., Isothermal retention indices on poly93-cyanopropylmethyl)siloxane stationary phases, J. Chromatogr. A, 2009, 1216, 10, 1630-1639, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.10.025 . [all data]

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Flanagan, R.J.; Streete, P.J.; Ramsey, J.D., Volatile Substance Abuse, UNODC Technical Series, No 5, United Nations, Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 500, A-1400 Vienna, Austria, 1997, 56, retrieved from http://www.odccp.org/pdf/technical_series₁997-01-01₁.pdf. [all data]

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Notes

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  AE	Appearance energy
  Cp,liquid	Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid
  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  Pc	Critical pressure
  Tboil	Boiling point
  Tc	Critical temperature
  Tfus	Fusion (melting) point
  ΔcH°solid	Enthalpy of combustion of solid at standard conditions
  ΔfH°solid	Enthalpy of formation of solid at standard conditions
  ΔvapH	Enthalpy of vaporization
  ΔvapH°	Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions
  ρc	Critical density

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