Thiophene, tetrahydro-
- Formula: C4H8S
- Molecular weight: 88.171
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: RAOIDOHSFRTOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 110-01-0
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Other names: Tetramethylene sulfide; Tetrahydrothiophene; Tetrahydrothiophen; Thiacyclopentane; Thilane; Thiolane; Thiophane; Tetramethylene sulphide; Thiolan; THT; Tetrahydrothiofen; Thiofan; UN 2412; Pennodorant 1013; NSC 5272
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Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
View reactions leading to C4H8S+ (ion structure unspecified)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IE (evaluated) | 8.38 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Proton affinity (review) | 202.9 | kcal/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Gas basicity | 195.8 | kcal/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Ionization energy determinations
IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
8.38 | PIPECO | Butler and Baer, 1983 | LBLHLM |
8.62 ± 0.05 | EI | Distefano, Foffani, et al., 1971 | LLK |
8.62 | EI | Distefano, Foffani, et al., 1971, 2 | LLK |
8.57 ± 0.15 | EI | Gallegos and Kiser, 1962 | RDSH |
8.40 | PE | Schmidt and Schweig, 1973 | Vertical value; LLK |
Appearance energy determinations
Ion | AE (eV) | Other Products | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CHS+ | 11.0 ± 0.1 | C3H7 | PI | Butler and Baer, 1982 | T = 298K; LBLHLM |
CHS+ | 11.1 ± 0.1 | C3H7 | PI | Butler and Baer, 1982 | T = 0K; LBLHLM |
CHS+ | 13.8 ± 0.2 | ? | EI | Gallegos and Kiser, 1962 | RDSH |
CH2S+ | 10.5 | C3H6 | PIPECO | Butler and Baer, 1983 | LBLHLM |
CH2S+ | 13.0 ± 0.2 | ? | EI | Gallegos and Kiser, 1962 | RDSH |
CH3S+ | 11.1 | C3H5 | PIPECO | Butler and Baer, 1983 | LBLHLM |
CH3S+ | 14.0 ± 0.2 | ? | EI | Gallegos and Kiser, 1962 | RDSH |
C2H2S+ | 17.0 ± 0.3 | ? | EI | Gallegos and Kiser, 1962 | RDSH |
C2H3+ | 18.0 ± 0.4 | ? | EI | Gallegos and Kiser, 1962 | RDSH |
C2H3S+ | 10.36 | C2H5 | PIPECO | Butler and Baer, 1983 | LBLHLM |
C2H3S+ | 15.7 ± 0.4 | ? | EI | Gallegos and Kiser, 1962 | RDSH |
C2H4S+ | 11.7 ± 0.3 | ? | EI | Gallegos and Kiser, 1962 | RDSH |
C3H3+ | 17.2 ± 0.2 | ? | EI | Gallegos and Kiser, 1962 | RDSH |
C3H5+ | 15.5 ± 0.2 | ? | EI | Gallegos and Kiser, 1962 | RDSH |
C4H6+ | 11.9 ± 0.2 | ? | EI | Gallegos and Kiser, 1962 | RDSH |
C4H7+ | 12.4 ± 0.2 | SH | EI | Gallegos and Kiser, 1962 | RDSH |
C4H7S+ | 10.1 | H | PIPECO | Butler and Baer, 1983 | LBLHLM |
C4H7S+ | 12.4 ± 0.3 | H | EI | Gallegos and Kiser, 1962 | RDSH |
C4H8S+ | 10.21 | C2H4 | PIPECO | Butler and Baer, 1983 | LBLHLM |
Ion clustering data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.
Clustering reactions
By formula: C4H8S+ + C4H8S = (C4H8S+ • C4H8S)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 16.9 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987 | gas phase; ΔrH< |
By formula: (C4H8S+ • C4H8S) + C4H8S = (C4H8S+ • 2C4H8S)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 7.8 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 18. | cal/mol*K | N/A | Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated |
By formula: C4H9S+ + C4H8S = (C4H9S+ • C4H8S)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 16.9 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987 | gas phase |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 21.0 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987 | gas phase |
By formula: (C4H9S+ • C4H8S) + C4H8S = (C4H9S+ • 2C4H8S)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 7.9 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 18. | cal/mol*K | N/A | Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated |
Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Spectrum
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Additional Data
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Due to licensing restrictions, this spectrum cannot be downloaded.
Owner | NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. |
---|---|
NIST MS number | 694 |
UV/Visible spectrum
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Spectrum
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Additional Data
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Download spectrum in JCAMP-DX format.
Source | Fehnel and Carmack, 1949 |
---|---|
Owner | INEP CP RAS, NIST OSRD Collection (C) 2007 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. |
Origin | INSTITUTE OF ENERGY PROBLEMS OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS, RAS |
Source reference | RAS UV No. 10651 |
Instrument | Beckman DU |
Melting point | - 96.1 |
Boiling point | 121 |
Gas Chromatography
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | DB-5 | 100. | 821.0 | Miller and Bruno, 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.1 μm |
Capillary | DB-5 | 120. | 832.5 | Miller and Bruno, 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.1 μm |
Capillary | DB-5 | 60. | 806.3 | Miller and Bruno, 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.1 μm |
Capillary | DB-5 | 80. | 812.6 | Miller and Bruno, 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.1 μm |
Packed | Apiezon M | 130. | 834. | Garbuzov, Misharina, et al., 1985 | He or N2, Chromosorb W, AW-DMCS; Column length: 2.1 m |
Capillary | OV-101 | 100. | 805. | Gal'pern, Gollandskikh, et al., 1976 | H2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Capillary | Apiezon L | 120. | 839. | Agr, Tesaric, et al., 1973 | |
Capillary | Squalane | 120. | 775. | Agr, Tesaric, et al., 1973 | |
Capillary | Squalane | 86. | 772. | Agr, Tesaric, et al., 1973 | |
Capillary | Apiezon L | 120. | 839. | Agrawal, Tesarík, et al., 1972 | N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm |
Capillary | Squalane | 120. | 775. | Agrawal, Tesarík, et al., 1972 | N2, Celite 545; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm |
Capillary | Squalane | 86. | 772. | Agrawal, Tesarík, et al., 1972 | N2, Celite 545; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Polydimethyl siloxane with 5 % Ph groups | 100. | 821. | Safa and Hadjmohannadi, 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.10 μm, Nitrogen |
Capillary | Polydimethyl siloxane with 5 % Ph groups | 60. | 806. | Safa and Hadjmohannadi, 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.10 μm, Nitrogen |
Capillary | Polydimethyl siloxane with 5 % Ph groups | 80. | 813. | Safa and Hadjmohannadi, 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.10 μm, Nitrogen |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | HP-101 | 838. | Blazevic and Mastelic, 2008 | 25. m/0.20 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 70. C @ 2. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C |
Capillary | PONA | 779. | Yang, Wang, et al., 2003 | 50. m/0.20 mm/0.50 μm, 2. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 150. C |
Capillary | PONA | 782. | Yang, Yang, et al., 2003 | 50. m/0.20 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 2. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 170. C |
Capillary | RSL-200 | 802. | Jirovetz, Smith, et al., 2002 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 40. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min, 280. C @ 10. min |
Capillary | OV-101 | 801. | Egolf and Jurs, 1993 | 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 200. C |
Capillary | CP-Sil 5 | 775. | Damste, van Dalen, et al., 1988 | 25. m/0.32 mm/0.45 μm, Helium, 0. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 300. C |
Capillary | CP-Sil 5 | 775. | Damste, van Dalen, et al., 1988 | 25. m/0.32 mm/0.45 μm, Helium, 0. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 300. C |
Capillary | CP-Sil 5 | 778. | Damste, van Dalen, et al., 1988 | 25. m/0.32 mm/0.45 μm, Helium, 0. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 300. C |
Capillary | CP Sil 5 CB | 775. | Damste, Kock-van Dalen, et al., 1988 | 25. m/0.32 mm/0.45 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 300. C |
Capillary | CP Sil 5 CB | 775. | Damste, Kock-van Dalen, et al., 1988 | 25. m/0.32 mm/0.45 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 300. C |
Capillary | CP Sil 5 CB | 778. | Damste, Kock-van Dalen, et al., 1988 | 25. m/0.32 mm/0.45 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 300. C |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 787. | Farkas, Héberger, et al., 2004 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | SE-30 | 801. | Vinogradov, 2004 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | PONA | 782. | Yang, Wang, et al., 2003 | 50. m/0.20 mm/0.50 μm; Program: not specified |
Capillary | SE-30 | 800. | P'yanova, Zvereva, et al., 1987 | Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: not specified |
Capillary | SE-52 | 815. | van Langenhove and Schamp, 1986 | Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm; Program: not specified |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | HP-20M | 1107. | Blazevic and Mastelic, 2008 | 50. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 70. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 180. C |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 1109. | Umano, Hagi, et al., 1995 | He, 40. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 200. C |
Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1130. | Egolf and Jurs, 1993 | 2. K/min; Column length: 80. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Tstart: 70. C; Tend: 170. C |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1130. | Vinogradov, 2004 | Program: not specified |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G.,
Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018
. [all data]
Butler and Baer, 1983
Butler, J.J.; Baer, T.,
A photoionization study of organosulfur ring compounds: Thiirane, thietane and tetrahydrothiophene,
Org. Mass Spectrom., 1983, 18, 248. [all data]
Distefano, Foffani, et al., 1971
Distefano, G.; Foffani, A.; Innorta, G.; Pignataro, S.,
Mass spectrometric study of transition metal complexes with ligands having nitrogen or sulphur as donor atom,
Adv. Mass Spectrom., 1971, 5, 696. [all data]
Distefano, Foffani, et al., 1971, 2
Distefano, G.; Foffani, A.; Innorta, G.; Pignataro, S.,
Electron impact ionization potentials of some manganese, chromium and tungsten organometallic derivatives,
Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1971, 7, 383. [all data]
Gallegos and Kiser, 1962
Gallegos, E.J.; Kiser, R.W.,
Electron impact spectroscopy of the four- and five-membered, saturated heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur,
J. Phys. Chem., 1962, 66, 136. [all data]
Schmidt and Schweig, 1973
Schmidt, H.; Schweig, A.,
Ausschluss transanularer Wechselwirkung in 2.5-Dihydrothiophen,
Tetrahedron Lett., 1973, 1437. [all data]
Butler and Baer, 1982
Butler, J.J.; Baer, T.,
Photoionization study of the heat of formation of HCS+,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1982, 104, 5016. [all data]
Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987
Hiraoka, K.; Takimoto, H.; Yamabe, S.,
Stabilities and Structures in Cluster Ions of Five-Membered Heterocyclic Compounds Containing O, N and S Atoms,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1987, 109, 24, 7346, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00258a018
. [all data]
Fehnel and Carmack, 1949
Fehnel, E.A.; Carmack, M.,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1949, 71, 84. [all data]
Miller and Bruno, 2003
Miller, K.E.; Bruno, T.J.,
Isothermal Kováts retention indices of sulfur compounds on a poly(5% diphenyl-95% dimethylsiloxane) stationary phase,
J. Chromatogr. A, 2003, 1007, 1-2, 117-125, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(03)00958-0
. [all data]
Garbuzov, Misharina, et al., 1985
Garbuzov, V.G.; Misharina, T.A.; Aerov, A.F.; Golovnya, R.V.,
Gas chromatographic retention indices for sulphur(II)-containing organic substances,
J. Anal. Chem. USSR (Engl. Transl.), 1985, 40, 4, 576-586. [all data]
Gal'pern, Gollandskikh, et al., 1976
Gal'pern, G.D.; Gollandskikh, N.I.; Gordadze, G.N.,
Application of methylene-insertion reactions to cyclic sulphides (C4H8S, C5H10S and C6H12S) to produce standard compounds for gas chromatography,
J. Chromatogr., 1976, 124, 1, 43-51, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)87835-8
. [all data]
Agr, Tesaric, et al., 1973
Agr, X.X.; Tesaric, K.; Janak, J.,
Will be entered later,
J. Chromatogr., 1973, 95, 207-215. [all data]
Agrawal, Tesarík, et al., 1972
Agrawal, B.B.; Tesarík, K.; Janák, J.,
Gas chromatographic characterization of sulphur compounds in the 93-162° gasoline cut from Romashkino crude oil using Kováts retention indices,
J. Chromatogr., 1972, 65, 1, 207-215, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)86933-2
. [all data]
Safa and Hadjmohannadi, 2005
Safa, F.; Hadjmohannadi, M.R.,
Use of topological indices of organic sulfur compounds in quantitative structure-retention relationship study,
QSAR Comb. Sci., 2005, 24, 9, 1026-1032, https://doi.org/10.1002/qsar.200530008
. [all data]
Blazevic and Mastelic, 2008
Blazevic, I.; Mastelic, J.,
Free and bounded volatiles of rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.),
Fravour Fragr. J., 2008, 23, 4, 278-285, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1883
. [all data]
Yang, Wang, et al., 2003
Yang, Y.-T.; Wang, Z.; Han. J.-H.; Tian, H.-P.; Yang, H.-Y.,
Determination of sulfur compounds in gasoline fraction of microreactor products by gas chromatography - Atomic emission detector,
Petrochemical Technology (Shiyou Huagong), 2003, 32, 11, 995-998. [all data]
Yang, Yang, et al., 2003
Yang, Y.T.; Yang, H.Y.; Zong, B.N.; Lu, W.Z.,
determination and distribution of sulfur compounds in gasoline by gas chromatography-atomic emission detector,
Chinise J. Anal. Chem. (Fenxi Huaxue), 2003, 31, 10, 1153-1158. [all data]
Jirovetz, Smith, et al., 2002
Jirovetz, L.; Smith, D.; Buchbauer, G.,
Aroma compound analysis of Eruca sativa (Brassicaceae) SPME headspace leaf samples using GC, GC-MS, and olfactometry,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 16, 4643-4646, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020129n
. [all data]
Egolf and Jurs, 1993
Egolf, L.M.; Jurs, P.C.,
Quantitative structure-retention and structure-odor intensity relationships for a diverse group of odor-active compounds,
Anal. Chem., 1993, 65, 21, 3119-3126, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00069a027
. [all data]
Damste, van Dalen, et al., 1988
Damste, J.S.S.; van Dalen, A.C.K.; de Leeuw, J.W.; Schenck, P.A.,
Identification of homologous series of alkylated thiophenes, thiolanes, thianes and benzothiophenes present in pyrolisates of sulfur-rich kerogenes,
J. Chromatogr., 1988, 435, 435-452, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)82208-1
. [all data]
Damste, Kock-van Dalen, et al., 1988
Damste, J.S.S.; Kock-van Dalen, A.C.; de Leeuw, J.W.; Schenk, P.A.,
Identification of homologous series of alkylated thiophenes, thiolanes, thianes and benzothiophenes present in pyrolysates of sulphur-rich kerogens,
J. Chromatogr., 1988, 435, 435-452, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)82208-1
. [all data]
Farkas, Héberger, et al., 2004
Farkas, O.; Héberger, K.; Zenkevich, I.G.,
Quantitative structure-retention relationships. XIV. Prediction of gas chromatographic retention indices for saturated O-, N-, and S-heterocyclic compounds,
Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst., 2004, 72, 2, 173-184, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemolab.2004.01.012
. [all data]
Vinogradov, 2004
Vinogradov, B.A.,
Production, composition, properties and application of essential oils, 2004, retrieved from http://viness.narod.ru. [all data]
P'yanova, Zvereva, et al., 1987
P'yanova, V.P.; Zvereva, M.N.; Tsypysheva, LG.; Portnova, T.V.; Kruglov, E.A.,
Investigating the products of thiophane synthesis, Abstr. IX All-Union Conference on Gas Chromatography, Kuibyshev State University, Kuibyshev, 1987, 308. [all data]
van Langenhove and Schamp, 1986
van Langenhove, H.; Schamp, N.,
Identification of Volatiles in the Head Space of Acid-Treated Phosphate Rock by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectromety,
J. Chromatogr., 1986, 351, 65-75, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)83473-7
. [all data]
Umano, Hagi, et al., 1995
Umano, K.; Hagi, Y.; Nakahara, K.; Shyoji, A.; Shibamoto, T.,
Volatile chemicals formed in the headspace of a heated D-glucose/L-cysteine Maillard model system,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 1995, 43, 8, 2212-2218, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00056a046
. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References
- Symbols used in this document:
AE Appearance energy IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrS° Entropy of reaction at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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