Furan

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Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
MM - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner)
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C4H4O+ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
IE (evaluated)8.88 ± 0.01eVN/AN/AL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Proton affinity (review)803.4kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Gas basicity770.9kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL

Proton affinity at 298K

Proton affinity (kJ/mol) Reference Comment
812. ± 8.van Beelen, Koblenz, et al., 2004T = 298K; PA derived by authors from GB with protonation entropy equated to Rlnσ(B)/σ(BH+); MM
813. ± 8.van Beelen, Koblenz, et al., 2004T = 298K; PA derived by authors from GB with protonation entropy equated to Rlnσ(B)/σ(BH+); MM

Gas basicity at 298K

Gas basicity (review) (kJ/mol) Reference Comment
781. ± 8.van Beelen, Koblenz, et al., 2004T = 298K; PA derived by authors from GB with protonation entropy equated to Rlnσ(B)/σ(BH+); MM
782. ± 8.van Beelen, Koblenz, et al., 2004T = 298K; PA derived by authors from GB with protonation entropy equated to Rlnσ(B)/σ(BH+); MM

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
8.9PEKlapstein, MacPherson, et al., 1990LL
8.88PEVeszpremi, Nyulaszi, et al., 1987LBLHLM
8.98 ± 0.03EIArimura and Yoshikawa, 1984LBLHLM
8.83PEKlasinc, Sabljic, et al., 1982LBLHLM
8.87PEKimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981LLK
8.83PEGalasso, Klasinc, et al., 1981LLK
8.88PEWillett and Baer, 1980LLK
9.0 ± 0.1CEMSTedder and Vidaud, 1980LLK
8.88 ± 0.05EIHolmes and Terlouw, 1979LLK
~8.8EIVan Veen, 1976LLK
8.89CTSAloisi, Santini, et al., 1975LLK
8.85 ± 0.05EIThorstad and Undheim, 1974LLK
8.99 ± 0.05EILinda, Marino, et al., 1971LLK
8.883PEDerrick, Asbrink, et al., 1971LLK
8.883SDerrick, Asbrink, et al., 1971LLK
8.91 ± 0.01PIPotapov and Bazhenov, 1970RDSH
8.87 ± 0.03EIJohnstone, Mellon, et al., 1970RDSH
8.89 ± 0.05PEBaker, Betteridge, et al., 1970RDSH
8.89 ± 0.01PIWatanabe, 1957RDSH
8.90PEZykov, Erchak, et al., 1983Vertical value; LBLHLM
8.88PEBock and Roth, 1983Vertical value; LBLHLM
8.89PEKobayashi, Kubota, et al., 1982Vertical value; LBLHLM
8.89PEBieri, Asbrink, et al., 1982Vertical value; LBLHLM
8.88PESchweig and Thiel, 1974Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
CHO+13.2 ± 0.1C3H3PEWillett and Baer, 1980LLK
CHO+13.7 ± 0.1C3H3CEMSTedder and Vidaud, 1980LLK
C2HO+12.5 ± 0.2C2H3CEMSTedder and Vidaud, 1980LLK
C2H2O+11.80 ± 0.10C2H2PEWillett and Baer, 1980LLK
C3H3+12.10 ± 0.10CHOPEWillett and Baer, 1980LLK
C3H3+12.8 ± 0.1CHOCEMSTedder and Vidaud, 1980LLK
C3H4+11.48 ± 0.05COEIMommers, Burgers, et al., 1984LBLHLM
C3H4+11.60 ± 0.10COPEWillett and Baer, 1980LLK
C3H4+12.7 ± 0.1COCEMSTedder and Vidaud, 1980LLK

De-protonation reactions

C4H3O- + Hydrogen cation = Furan

By formula: C4H3O- + H+ = C4H4O

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1636.2 ± 1.5kJ/molG+TSGrabowski and Owusugas phase; B
Δr1624. ± 13.kJ/molG+TSDePuy, Kass, et al., 1988gas phase; Order:H2O < furan < 2-Me-furan < MeOH. D exchange indicates anion at C-2.; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1602.1 ± 0.84kJ/molIMREGrabowski and Owusugas phase; B
Δr1590. ± 13.kJ/molIMRBDePuy, Kass, et al., 1988gas phase; Order:H2O < furan < 2-Me-furan < MeOH. D exchange indicates anion at C-2.; B

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin Japan AIST/NIMC Database- Spectrum MS-NW- 16
NIST MS number 228308

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Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillarySPB-1100.500.Misharina, Beletsky, et al., 199460. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm
PackedSE-30100.498.Winskowski, 1983Gaschrom Q; Column length: 2. m
PackedApiezon L120.483.Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978Celite 545
PackedApiezon L160.492.Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978Celite 545
PackedSE-3080.485.Viani, Müggler-Chavan, et al., 1965He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 6. m

Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
PackedPEG-2000150.798.Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedPEG-2000152.779.Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedPEG-2000179.790.Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedPEG-2000180.800.Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedPEG-2000200.797.Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedPEG-2000200.802.Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m

Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-Wax797.Shimoda and Shibamoto, 1990He, 40. C @ 6. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 190. C
PackedPEG-20M786.Galt and MacLeod, 1984N2, Celite, 70. C @ 9. min, 10. K/min; Column length: 5.5 m; Tend: 175. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryOV-101500.Misharina, Golovnya, et al., 199350. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryFFAP802.Ott, Fay, et al., 199730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 20. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 1. min

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySupelcowax-10802.Bianchi, Careri, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
CapillarySupelcowax-10801.Bianchi, Careri, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
PackedApiezon L100.495.Kavan, 1973Column length: 3.2 m

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-1492.Barrefors, Björkqvist, et al., 199650. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 3. K/min; Tstart: -30. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySE-30500.Vinogradov, 2004Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-101500.Shibamoto, 1987Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.498.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryHP-Innowax827.Feng, Zhuang, et al., 201160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 1. min, 3. K/min, 220. C @ 5. min
CapillaryZB-Wax813.Marin, Pozrl, et al., 200860. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 5. min
CapillarySupelcowax-10800.Girard and Durance, 200060. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 10. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 200. C

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryHP-Innowax831.Feng, Zhuang, et al., 201160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillarySupelcowax 10760.Soria, Martinez-Castro, et al., 200850. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 45 0C (15 min) 3 0C/min -> 75 0C 5 0C/min -> 180 0C (10 min)
CapillaryCarbowax 20M786.Vinogradov, 2004Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-Wax800.Peng, Yang, et al., 1991Program: not specified
CapillaryCarbowax 20M786.Shibamoto, 1987Program: not specified

Lee's RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-5131.1Fuentes, Font, et al., 2007Column length: 60. m; Program: not specified

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

van Beelen, Koblenz, et al., 2004
van Beelen, E.S.E.; Koblenz, T.A.; Ingemann, S.; Hammerum, S., Experimental and theoretical evaluation of proton affinities of furan, the methylphenols, and the related anisoles, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2004, 108, 2787. [all data]

Klapstein, MacPherson, et al., 1990
Klapstein, D.; MacPherson, C.D.; O'Brien, R.T., The photoelectron spectra and electronic structure of 2-carbonyl furans, Can. J. Chem., 1990, 68, 747. [all data]

Veszpremi, Nyulaszi, et al., 1987
Veszpremi, T.; Nyulaszi, L.; Nagy, J., Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and quantum-mechanical study of alkyl- and trimethylsilyl-furanes, J. Organomet. Chem., 1987, 331, 175. [all data]

Arimura and Yoshikawa, 1984
Arimura, M.; Yoshikawa, Y., Ionization efficiency and ionization energy of cyclic compounds by electron impact, Mass Spectrosc. (Tokyo), 1984, 32, 375. [all data]

Klasinc, Sabljic, et al., 1982
Klasinc, L.; Sabljic, A.; Kluge, G.; Rieger, J.; Scholz, M., Chemistry of excited states. Part 13. Assignment of lowest .PI.-ionizations in photoelectron spectra of thiophen, furan, and pyrrole, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2, 1982, 539. [all data]

Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S., Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules in Handbook of HeI Photoelectron Spectra of Fundamental Organic Compounds, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, 1981. [all data]

Galasso, Klasinc, et al., 1981
Galasso, V.; Klasinc, L.; Sabluic, A.; Trinajstic, N.; Pappalardo, G.C.; Steglich, W., Conformation and photoelectron spectra of 2-(2-Furyl)pyrrole and 2-(2-tThienyl)pyrrole, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2, 1981, 127. [all data]

Willett and Baer, 1980
Willett, G.D.; Baer, T., Thermochemistry and dissociation dynamics of state-selected C4H4X ions. 2. Furan 3-butyn-2-one, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1980, 102, 6769. [all data]

Tedder and Vidaud, 1980
Tedder, J.M.; Vidaud, P.H., Charge exchange mass spectra of thiophene, pyrrole and furan, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2, 1980, 76, 1516. [all data]

Holmes and Terlouw, 1979
Holmes, J.L.; Terlouw, J.K., Structures of [C4H4O]+ ions produced from 2- and 4-pyrone, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 4973. [all data]

Van Veen, 1976
Van Veen, E.H., Triplet π-π* transitions in thiophene, furan and pyrrole by low-energy electron-impact spectroscopy, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1976, 41, 535. [all data]

Aloisi, Santini, et al., 1975
Aloisi, G.; Santini, S.; Savelli, G., Molecular complexes of heteroaromatic five membered ring compounds with tetracyanoethylene. Charge transfer spectra, equilibrium constants and ionization potentials of the donors, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1, 1975, 70, 2045. [all data]

Thorstad and Undheim, 1974
Thorstad, O.; Undheim, K., Mass spectrometry of onium compounds. XXIV. Ionisation potential in structure analysis of pyridodiazo-oxides, Chem. Scr., 1974, 6, 222. [all data]

Linda, Marino, et al., 1971
Linda, P.; Marino, G.; Pignataro, S., A comparison of sensitivities to substituent effects of five- membered heteroaromatic rings in gas phase ionization, J. Chem. Soc. B, 1971, 1585. [all data]

Derrick, Asbrink, et al., 1971
Derrick, P.J.; Asbrink, L.; Edqvist, O.; Jonsson, B.-O.; Lindholm, E., Rydberg series in small molecules. X. Photoelectron spectroscopy and electronic structure of furan, Intern. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1971, 6, 161. [all data]

Potapov and Bazhenov, 1970
Potapov, V.K.; Bazhenov, B.A., The photionization of pyrrole, furan, and thiophene, High Energy Chem., 1970, 505, In original 553. [all data]

Johnstone, Mellon, et al., 1970
Johnstone, R.A.W.; Mellon, F.A.; Ward, S.D., Online acquisition of ionization efficiency data, Intern. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1970, 5, 241. [all data]

Baker, Betteridge, et al., 1970
Baker, A.D.; Betteridge, D.; Kemp, N.R.; Kirby, R.E., Application of photoelectron spectrometry to pesticide analysis. Photoelectron spectra of fivemembered heterocycles and related molecules, Anal. Chem., 1970, 42, 1064. [all data]

Watanabe, 1957
Watanabe, K., Ionization potentials of some molecules, J. Chem. Phys., 1957, 26, 542. [all data]

Zykov, Erchak, et al., 1983
Zykov, B.G.; Erchak, N.P.; Khvostenko, V.I.; Lukevits, E.; Matorykina, V.F.; Asfandiarov, N.L., Photoelectron spectra of furylsilanes and their carbon analogs, J. Organomet. Chem., 1983, 253, 301. [all data]

Bock and Roth, 1983
Bock, H.; Roth, B., Radical ions. 49. Redox reactions of some thiophene derivatives, Phosphorus Sulfur, 1983, 14, 211. [all data]

Kobayashi, Kubota, et al., 1982
Kobayashi, T.; Kubota, T.; Ezumi, K.; Utsunomiya, C., Photoelectron angular distribution study of some isoxazoles combined with perturbation theoretic approach, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1982, 55, 3915. [all data]

Bieri, Asbrink, et al., 1982
Bieri, G.; Asbrink, L.; Von Niessen, W., 30.4-nm He(II) photoelectron spectra of organic molecules, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1982, 27, 129. [all data]

Schweig and Thiel, 1974
Schweig, A.; Thiel, W., Photoionization cross sections: He I- and He II-photoelectron spectra of homologous oxygen and sulphur compounds, Mol. Phys., 1974, 27, 265. [all data]

Mommers, Burgers, et al., 1984
Mommers, A.A.; Burgers, P.C.; Holmes, J.L.; Terlouw, J.K., Isomeric [C3H4]+ ions: Their identification and generation in dissociative ionizations, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1984, 19, 7. [all data]

Grabowski and Owusu
Grabowski, J.J.; Owusu, D., , as cited in 98CLI/WEN. [all data]

DePuy, Kass, et al., 1988
DePuy, C.H.; Kass, S.R.; Bean, G.P., Formation and Reactions of Heteroaromatic Anions in the Gas Phase, J. Org. Chem., 1988, 53, 19, 4427, https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00254a001 . [all data]

Misharina, Beletsky, et al., 1994
Misharina, T.A.; Beletsky, I.V.; Golovnya, R.V., Chromatographic and IR characteristics of methyl-, formyl-, and acetyl-substituted furans and thiophenes, Russ. Chem. Bull. (Engl. Transl.), 1994, 43, 1, 64-69, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00699137 . [all data]

Winskowski, 1983
Winskowski, J., Gaschromatographische Identifizierung von Stoffen anhand von Indexziffem und unterschiedlichen Detektoren, Chromatographia, 1983, 17, 3, 160-165, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02271041 . [all data]

Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978
Bogoslovsky, Yu.N.; Anvaer, B.I.; Vigdergauz, M.S., Chromatographic constants in gas chromatography (in Russian), Standards Publ. House, Moscow, 1978, 192. [all data]

Viani, Müggler-Chavan, et al., 1965
Viani, R.; Müggler-Chavan, F.; Reymond, D.; Egli, R.H., 196. Sur la composition de l'arôme de café, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1965, 48, 195-196, 1809-1815, https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19650480743 . [all data]

Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973
Anderson, A.; Jurel, S.; Shymanska, M.; Golender, L., Gas-liquid chromatography of some aliphatic and heterocyclic mono- and pollyfunctional amines. VII. Retention indices of amines in some polar and unpolar stationary phases, Latv. PSR Zinat. Akad. Vestis Kim. Ser., 1973, 1, 51-63. [all data]

Shimoda and Shibamoto, 1990
Shimoda, M.; Shibamoto, T., Isolation and identification of headspace volatiles from brewed coffee with an on-column GC/MS method, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1990, 38, 3, 802-804, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00093a045 . [all data]

Galt and MacLeod, 1984
Galt, A.M.; MacLeod, G., Headspace sampling of cooked beef aroma using Tenax GC, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1984, 32, 1, 59-64, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00121a016 . [all data]

Misharina, Golovnya, et al., 1993
Misharina, T.A.; Golovnya, R.V.; Beletsky, I.V., Sorption properties of heterocyclic compounds differing by heteroatom in capillary gas chromatography, Russ. Chem. Bull. (Engl. Transl.), 1993, 42, 7, 1167-1170, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00701998 . [all data]

Ott, Fay, et al., 1997
Ott, A.; Fay, L.B.; Chaintreau, A., Determination and origin of the aroma impact compounds of yogurt flavor, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1997, 45, 3, 850-858, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf960508e . [all data]

Bianchi, Careri, et al., 2007
Bianchi, F.; Careri, M.; Mangia, A.; Musci, M., Retention indices in the analysis of food aroma volatile compounds in temperature-programmed gas chromatography: Database creation and evaluation of precision and robustness, J. Sep. Sci., 2007, 39, 4, 563-572, https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200600393 . [all data]

Kavan, 1973
Kavan, I., Analysis of odorants, Sbornik Praci UVP, 1973, 26, 128-144. [all data]

Barrefors, Björkqvist, et al., 1996
Barrefors, G.; Björkqvist, S.; Ramnäs, O.; Petersson, G., Gas chromatographic separation of volatile furans from birchwood smoke, J. Chromatogr. A, 1996, 753, 1, 151-155, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(96)00534-1 . [all data]

Vinogradov, 2004
Vinogradov, B.A., Production, composition, properties and application of essential oils, 2004, retrieved from http://viness.narod.ru. [all data]

Shibamoto, 1987
Shibamoto, T., Retention Indices in Essential Oil Analysis in Capillary Gas Chromatography in Essential Oil Analysis, Sandra, P.; Bicchi, C., ed(s)., Hutchig Verlag, Heidelberg, New York, 1987, 259-274. [all data]

Waggott and Davies, 1984
Waggott, A.; Davies, I.W., Identification of organic pollutants using linear temperature programmed retention indices (LTPRIs) - Part II, 1984, retrieved from http://dwi.defra.gov.uk/research/completed-research/reports/dwi0383.pdf. [all data]

Feng, Zhuang, et al., 2011
Feng, T.; Zhuang, H.; Ye, R.; Jin, Z.; Xu, X.; Xie, Z., Analysis of volatile compounds of Mesona Blumes gum/rice extrudates via GC-MS and electronic nose, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2011, 160, 1, 964-973, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2011.09.013 . [all data]

Marin, Pozrl, et al., 2008
Marin, K.; Pozrl, T.; Zlatic, E.; Plestenjak, A., A new aroma index to determine the aroma quality of roasted and ground coffee during storage, Food Technol. Biotechnol., 2008, 46, 4, 442-447. [all data]

Girard and Durance, 2000
Girard, B.; Durance, T., Headspace volatiles of sockeye and pink salmon as affected by retort process, Food Chem. Toxicol., 2000, 65, 1, 34-39. [all data]

Soria, Martinez-Castro, et al., 2008
Soria, A.C.; Martinez-Castro, I.; Sanz, J., Some aspects of dynamic headspace analysis of volatile components in honey, Foog Res. International, 2008, 41, 8, 838-848, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2008.07.010 . [all data]

Peng, Yang, et al., 1991
Peng, C.T.; Yang, Z.C.; Ding, S.F., Prediction of rentention idexes. II. Structure-retention index relationship on polar columns, J. Chromatogr., 1991, 586, 1, 85-112, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(91)80028-F . [all data]

Fuentes, Font, et al., 2007
Fuentes, M.J.; Font, R.; Gomez-Rico, M.F.; Martin-Gullon, I., Pyrolysis and combustion of waste lubricant oil from diesel cars: Decomposition and pollutants, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 2007, 79, 1-2, 215-226, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2006.12.004 . [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References