Tetrahydrofuran

• Formula: C₄H₈O
• Molecular weight: 72.1057
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C4H8O/c1-2-4-5-3-1/h1-4H2 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 109-99-9
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Other names: Furan, tetrahydro-; Butane α,δ-oxide; Butane, 1,4-epoxy-; Cyclotetramethylene oxide; Furanidine; Oxacyclopentane; Oxolane; Tetramethylene oxide; THF; Hydrofuran; Tetrahydrofuraan; Tetrahydrofuranne; Tetraidrofurano; NCI-C60560; Rcra waste number U213; UN 2056; Diethylene oxide; Dynasolve 150; Tetrahydrofurane; THF (tetrahydrofuran); NSC 57858
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Henry's Law data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Ion clustering data
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • IR Spectrum
  • UV/Visible spectrum
  • Gas Chromatography
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
• Options:
  • Switch to calorie-based units

Data at NIST subscription sites:

• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, "lite" edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)
• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, professional edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.

Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Enthalpy of vaporization

Enthalpy of vaporization

Δ_vapH = A exp(-βT_r) (1 − T_r)^β
    Δ_vapH = Enthalpy of vaporization (at saturation pressure) (kJ/mol)
    T_r = reduced temperature (T / T_c)

View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.

Enthalpy of fusion

Entropy of fusion

Enthalpy of phase transition

Entropy of phase transition

Henry's Law data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Rolf Sander

Henry's Law constant (water solution)

k_H(T) = k°_H exp(d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) ((1/T) - 1/(298.15 K)))
k°_H = Henry's law constant for solubility in water at 298.15 K (mol/(kg*bar))
d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) = Temperature dependence constant (K)

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C₄H₈O⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Ionization energy determinations

Appearance energy determinations

Ion clustering data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
B - John E. Bartmess

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

C₄H₉O⁺ +  = (C₄H₉O⁺ • )

By formula: C₄H₉O⁺ + C₄H₈O = (C₄H₉O⁺ • C₄H₈O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

(C₄H₉O⁺ • ) +  = (C₄H₉O⁺ • 2)

By formula: (C₄H₉O⁺ • C₄H₈O) + C₄H₈O = (C₄H₉O⁺ • 2C₄H₈O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

C₄H₁₁O⁺ +  = (C₄H₁₁O⁺ • )

By formula: C₄H₁₁O⁺ + C₄H₈O = (C₄H₁₁O⁺ • C₄H₈O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

C₅H₁₁O⁺ +  = (C₅H₁₁O⁺ • )

By formula: C₅H₁₁O⁺ + C₄H₈O = (C₅H₁₁O⁺ • C₄H₈O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

C₆H₄FNO₂^- +  = (C₆H₄FNO₂^- • )

By formula: C₆H₄FNO₂^- + C₄H₈O = (C₆H₄FNO₂^- • C₄H₈O)

Free energy of reaction

C₆H₄FNO₂^- +  = (C₆H₄FNO₂^- • )

By formula: C₆H₄FNO₂^- + C₄H₈O = (C₆H₄FNO₂^- • C₄H₈O)

Free energy of reaction

C₆H₄FNO₂^- +  = (C₆H₄FNO₂^- • )

By formula: C₆H₄FNO₂^- + C₄H₈O = (C₆H₄FNO₂^- • C₄H₈O)

Free energy of reaction

C₆H₅NO₂^- +  = (C₆H₅NO₂^- • )

By formula: C₆H₅NO₂^- + C₄H₈O = (C₆H₅NO₂^- • C₄H₈O)

Free energy of reaction

C₇H₄N₂O₂^- +  = (C₇H₄N₂O₂^- • )

By formula: C₇H₄N₂O₂^- + C₄H₈O = (C₇H₄N₂O₂^- • C₄H₈O)

Free energy of reaction

C₇H₄N₂O₂^- +  = (C₇H₄N₂O₂^- • )

By formula: C₇H₄N₂O₂^- + C₄H₈O = (C₇H₄N₂O₂^- • C₄H₈O)

Free energy of reaction

C₇H₄N₂O₂^- +  = (C₇H₄N₂O₂^- • )

By formula: C₇H₄N₂O₂^- + C₄H₈O = (C₇H₄N₂O₂^- • C₄H₈O)

Free energy of reaction

C₇H₇NO₂^- +  = (C₇H₇NO₂^- • )

By formula: C₇H₇NO₂^- + C₄H₈O = (C₇H₇NO₂^- • C₄H₈O)

Free energy of reaction

C₇H₇NO₂^- +  = (C₇H₇NO₂^- • )

By formula: C₇H₇NO₂^- + C₄H₈O = (C₇H₇NO₂^- • C₄H₈O)

Free energy of reaction

C₇H₇NO₂^- +  = (C₇H₇NO₂^- • )

By formula: C₇H₇NO₂^- + C₄H₈O = (C₇H₇NO₂^- • C₄H₈O)

Free energy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Mg⁺ + C₄H₈O = (Mg⁺ • C₄H₈O)

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

Notice: This spectrum may be better viewed with a Javascript and HTML 5 enabled browser.

For Zoom

1.) Enter the desired X axis range (e.g., 100, 200)

2.) Check here for automatic Y scaling

3.) Press here to zoom

Additional Data

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Pell and Pilcher, 1965
Pell, A.S.; Pilcher, G., Measurements of heats of combustion by flame calorimetry. Part 3.-Ethylene oxide, trimethylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran and tetrahydropy, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1965, 61, 71-77. [all data]

Clegg G.A., 1968
Clegg G.A., Thermodynamics of polymerization of heterocyclic compounds. II. The heat capacity, entropy, enthalpy and free energy of polytetrahydrofuran, Polymer, 1968, 9, 501-511. [all data]

Chao J., 1986
Chao J., Thermodynamic properties of key organic oxygen compounds in the carbon range C1 to C4. Part 2. Ideal gas properties, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1986, 15, 1369-1436. [all data]

Lebedev B.V., 1978
Lebedev B.V., Thermodynamic properties of tetrahydrofuran from 8 to 322 K, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1978, 10, 321-329. [all data]

Dorofeeva O.V., 1992
Dorofeeva O.V., Ideal gas thermodynamic properties of oxygen heterocyclic compounds. Part 1. Three-membered, four-membered and five-membered rings, Thermochim. Acta, 1992, 194, 9-46. [all data]

Scott D.W., 1970
Scott D.W., Tetrahydrofuran: vibrational assignment, chemical thermodynamic properties, and vapor pressure, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1970, 2, 833-837. [all data]

Hossenlopp I.A., 1981
Hossenlopp I.A., Vapor heat capacities and enthalpies of vaporization of six organic compounds, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1981, 13, 405-414. [all data]

Cass, Fletcher, et al., 1958
Cass, R.C.; Fletcher, S.E.; Mortimer, C.T.; Springall, H.D.; White, T.R., Heats of combustion and molecular structure. Part V. The mean bond energy term for the C-O bond in ethers, and the structures of some cyclic ethers, J. Chem. Soc., 1958, 1406-1410. [all data]

Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]

Skuratov, Strepikheev, et al., 1957
Skuratov, S.M.; Strepikheev, A.A.; Kozina, M.P., About the reaction activity of five and six-membered heterocyclic compounds, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1957, 117, 452-454. [all data]

Lebedev, Lityagov, et al., 1979
Lebedev, B.V.; Lityagov, V.Ya.; Krentsina, T.I.; Milov, V.I., Thermodynamic properties of tetrahydrofuran in the range 8-322 K, Zhur. Fiz. Khim., 1979, 53, 264-265. [all data]

Lebedev, Rabinovich, et al., 1978
Lebedev, B.V.; Rabinovich, I.B.; Milov, V.I.; Lityagov, V.Ya., Thermodynamic properties of tetrahydrofuran from 8 to 322 K, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1978, 10, 321-329. [all data]

Lebedev and Lityagov, 1977
Lebedev, B.V.; Lityagov, V.Ya., Calorimetric study of tetrahydrofuran and its polymerization in the temperature range 0-400°K, Vysokomol. Soedin., 1977, A19, 2283-2290. [all data]

Costas and Patterson, 1985
Costas, M.; Patterson, D., Heat capacities of water + organic-solvent mixtures, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1, 1985, 81, 2381-2398. [all data]

Costas and Patterson, 1985, 2
Costas, M.; Patterson, D., Self-association of alcohols in inert solvents, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1, 1985, 81, 635-654. [all data]

Inglese, Castagnolo, et al., 1981
Inglese, A.; Castagnolo, M.; Dell'Atti, A.; DeGiglio, A., Thermochim. Acta, 1981, 77-87. [all data]

Kiyohara, D'Arcy, et al., 1979
Kiyohara, O.; D'Arcy, P.J.; Benson, G.C., Ultrasonic velocities, compressibilities, and heat capacities of water + tetrahydrofuran mixtures at 298.15K, Can. J. Chem., 1979, 57, 1006-1010. [all data]

Bonner and Cerutti, 1976
Bonner, O.D.; Cerutti, P.J., The partial molar heat capacities of some solutes in water and deuterium oxide, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1976, 8, 105-111. [all data]

Conti, Gianni, et al., 1976
Conti, G.; Gianni, P.; Matteoli, E.; Mengheri, M., Capacita termiche molari di alcuni composti organici mono- e bifunzionali nel liquido puro e in soluzione acquosa a 25C, Chim. Ind. (Milan), 1976, 58, 225. [all data]

Hayduk, Laudie, et al., 1973
Hayduk, W.; Laudie, H.; Smith, O.H., Viscosity, Freezing Point, Vapor-Liquid Equilibria, and Other Properties of Aqueous-Tetrahydrofuran Solutions, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1973, 18, 373-6. [all data]

Brooks and Pilcher, 1959
Brooks, J.H.; Pilcher, G., A Simple Melting Point Calorimeter for Moderately Precise Determination of Purity, J. Chem. Soc., 1959, 1959, 1535. [all data]

Boord, Greenlee, et al., 1946
Boord, C.E.; Greenlee, K.W.; Perilstein, W.L., The Synthesis, Purification and Prop. of Hydrocarbons of Low Mol. Weight, Am. Pet. Inst. Res. Proj. 45, Eighth Annu. Rep., Ohio State Univ., June 30, 1946. [all data]

Dolliver, Gresham, et al., 1938
Dolliver, M.A.; Gresham, T.L.; Kistiakowsky, G.B.; Smith, E.A.; Vaughan, W.E., Heats of Organic Reactions VI. Heats of Hydrogenation of Some Oxygen- Containing Compounds, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1938, 60, 440. [all data]

Wilhoit, Chao, et al., 1985
Wilhoit, R.C.; Chao, J.; Hall, K.R., Thermodynamic Properties of Key Organic Compounds in the Carbon Range C1 to C4. Part 1. Properties of Condensed Phases, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1985, 14, 1. [all data]

Lebedev, Rabinovich, et al., 1978, 2
Lebedev, B.V.; Rabinovich, I.B.; Milov, V.I.; Sladkov, A.M., Thermodynamic properties of tetrahydrofuran from 8 to 322 k polyaddition products with the bis-ethinyl derivatives of the same metals, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1978, 10, 321-9. [all data]

Majer and Svoboda, 1985
Majer, V.; Svoboda, V., Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300. [all data]

Cheng, McCoubrey, et al., 1962
Cheng, D.C.H.; McCoubrey, J.C.; Phillips, D.G., Critical Temperatures of Some Organic Cyclic Compounds, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1962, 58, 224. [all data]

Kobe, Ravicz, et al., 1956
Kobe, K.A.; Ravicz, A.E.; Vohra, S.P., Critical Properties and Vapor Pressures of Some Ethers and Heterocyclic Compounds, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1956, 1, 50. [all data]

Hossenlopp and Scott, 1981
Hossenlopp, I.A.; Scott, D.W., Vapor heat capacities and enthalpies of vaporizaiton of six organic compounds, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1981, 13, 405-414. [all data]

Moiseev and Antonova, 1970
Moiseev, V.D.; Antonova, N.D., Zh. Fiz. Khim., 1970, 44, 11, 2912. [all data]

Loras, Aucejo, et al., 2001
Loras, Sonia; Aucejo, Antonio; Montón, Juan B.; Wisniak, Jaime; Segura, Hugo, Polyazeotropic Behavior in the Binary System 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-Decafluoropentane + Oxolane, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 2001, 46, 6, 1351-1356, https://doi.org/10.1021/je0100793 . [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Borisov and Chugunova, 1976
Borisov, G.K.; Chugunova, S.G., Russ. J. Phys. Chem., 1976, 50, 1791. [all data]

Rivenq, 1975
Rivenq, F., Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1975, 1, 2433. [all data]

Koizumi and Ouchi, 1970
Koizumi, E.; Ouchi, S., Nippon Kagaku Kaishi, 1970, 91, 5, 501. [all data]

Boublik, Fried, et al., 1984
Boublik, T.; Fried, V.; Hala, E., The Vapour Pressures of Pure Substances: Selected Values of the Temperature Dependence of the Vapour Pressures of Some Pure Substances in the Normal and Low Pressure Region, 2nd ed., Elsevier, New York, 1984, 972. [all data]

Klages and Möhler, 1948
Klages, Friedrich; Möhler, Klement, Über das anomale osmotische Verhalten von Kettenmolekülen, VI. Mitteil.: Bestimmung der Dampfdruckerniedrigung von Polydepsiden, Chem. Ber., 1948, 81, 5, 411-417, https://doi.org/10.1002/cber.19480810512 . [all data]

Cass, Fletcher, et al., 1958, 2
Cass, R.C.; Fletcher, S.E.; Mortimer, C.T.; Springall, H.D.; White, T.R., 281. Heats of combustion and molecular structure. Part V. The mean bond energy term for the C?O bond in ethers, and the structures of some cyclic ethers, J. Chem. Soc., 1958, 1406, https://doi.org/10.1039/jr9580001406 . [all data]

Acree, 1991
Acree, William E., Thermodynamic properties of organic compounds: enthalpy of fusion and melting point temperature compilation, Thermochimica Acta, 1991, 189, 1, 37-56, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(91)87098-H . [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Holmes and Lossing, 1991
Holmes, J.L.; Lossing, F.P., Ionization energies of homologous organic compounds and correlation with molecular size, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1991, 26, 537. [all data]

Behan, Dean, et al., 1976
Behan, J.M.; Dean, F.M.; Johnstone, R.A.W., Photoelectron spectra of cyclic aromatic ethers. The question of the Mills-Nixon effect, Tetrahedron, 1976, 32, 167. [all data]

Doucet, Sauvageau, et al., 1972
Doucet, J.; Sauvageau, P.; Sandorfy, C., The vacuum ultraviolet spectrum of tetrahydrofuran, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1972, 17, 316. [all data]

Hernandez, 1963
Hernandez, G.J., Vacuum-ultraviolet absorption spectra of the cyclic ethers: trimethylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran, and tetrahydropyran, J. Chem. Phys., 1963, 38, 2233. [all data]

Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962
Watanabe, K.; Nakayama, T.; Mottl, J., Ionization potentials of some molecules, J. Quant. Spectry. Radiative Transfer, 1962, 2, 369. [all data]

Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S., Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules in Handbook of HeI Photoelectron Spectra of Fundamental Organic Compounds, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, 1981. [all data]

Gerson, Worley, et al., 1978
Gerson, S.H.; Worley, S.D.; Bodor, N.; Kaminski, J.J.; Flechtner, T.W., The photoelectron spectra of some heterocyclic compounds which contain N, O, Cl, and Br, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1978, 13, 421. [all data]

Schmidt and Schweig, 1974
Schmidt, H.; Schweig, A., Notiz zur transanularen n/π-Wechselwirkung in 2,5-Dihydrofuran, Chem. Ber., 1974, 107, 725. [all data]

Pignataro and Distefano, 1974
Pignataro, S.; Distefano, G., n-σ mixing in pentatomic heterocyclic compounds of sixth group by photoelectron spectroscopy, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1974, 26, 356. [all data]

Bain, Bunzli, et al., 1973
Bain, A.D.; Bunzli, J.C.; Frost, D.C.; Weiler, L., Photoelectron spectra of cyclic ethers, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1973, 95, 291. [all data]

Gallegos and Kiser, 1962
Gallegos, E.J.; Kiser, R.W., Electron impact spectroscopy of the four- and five-membered, saturated heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, J. Phys. Chem., 1962, 66, 136. [all data]

Collin and Conde-Caprace, 1966
Collin, J.E.; Conde-Caprace, G., Ionization and dissociation of cyclic ethers by electron impact, Intern. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1966, 1, 213. [all data]

Hiraoka and Takimoto, 1986
Hiraoka, K.; Takimoto, H., Gas-Phase Stabilities of Symmetric Proton-Held Dimer Cations, J. Phys. Chem., 1986, 90, 22, 5910, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100280a090 . [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1982
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Formation, Thermochemistry, and Relative Stabilities of Proton - Bound dimers of Oxygen n - Donor Bases from Ion Cyclotron Resonance Solvent - Exchange Equilibria Measurements, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1982, 104, 23, 6255, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00387a016 . [all data]

Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973
Grimsrud, E.P.; Kebarle, P., Gas Phase Ion Equilibria Studies of the Solvation of the Hydrogen Ion by Methanol, Dimethyl Ether and Water. Effect of Hydrogen Bonding, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1973, 95, 24, 7939, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00805a002 . [all data]

Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984
Lias, S.G.; Liebman, J.F.; Levin, R.D., Evaluated gas phase basicities and proton affinities of molecules heats of formation of protonated molecules, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1984, 13, 695. [all data]

Keesee and Castleman, 1986
Keesee, R.G.; Castleman, A.W., Jr., Thermochemical data on Ggs-phase ion-molecule association and clustering reactions, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1986, 15, 1011. [all data]

Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987
Hiraoka, K.; Takimoto, H.; Yamabe, S., Stabilities and Structures in Cluster Ions of Five-Membered Heterocyclic Compounds Containing O, N and S Atoms, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1987, 109, 24, 7346, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00258a018 . [all data]

Chowdhury, Grimsrud, et al., 1987
Chowdhury, S.; Grimsrud, E.P.; Kebarle, P., Bonding of Charged Delocalized Anions to Protic and Dipolar Aprotic Solvent Molecules, J. Phys. Chem., 1987, 91, 10, 2551, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100294a021 . [all data]

Chowdhury, 1987
Chowdhury, S. Grimsrud, Bonding of Charge Delocalized Anions to Protic and Dipolar Aprotic Solvents, J. Phys. Chem., 1987, 91, 10, 2551, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100294a021 . [all data]

Operti, Tews, et al., 1988
Operti, L.; Tews, E.C.; Freiser, B.S., Determination of Gas-Phase Ligand Binding Energies to Mg+ by FTMS Techniques, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1988, 110, 12, 3847, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00220a020 . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  AE	Appearance energy
  Cp,gas	Constant pressure heat capacity of gas
  Cp,liquid	Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid
  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  Pc	Critical pressure
  S°gas	Entropy of gas at standard conditions
  S°liquid	Entropy of liquid at standard conditions
  T	Temperature
  Tboil	Boiling point
  Tc	Critical temperature
  Tfus	Fusion (melting) point
  Ttriple	Triple point temperature
  Vc	Critical volume
  d(ln(kH))/d(1/T)	Temperature dependence parameter for Henry's Law constant
  k°H	Henry's Law constant at 298.15K
  ΔHtrs	Enthalpy of phase transition
  ΔStrs	Entropy of phase transition
  ΔcH°gas	Enthalpy of combustion of gas at standard conditions
  ΔcH°liquid	Enthalpy of combustion of liquid at standard conditions
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔfusH	Enthalpy of fusion
  ΔfusS	Entropy of fusion
  ΔrG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔvapH	Enthalpy of vaporization
  ΔvapH°	Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
• The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
• Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.