3-Butenenitrile


Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas157.7kJ/molCcbKonicek, Prochzka, et al., 1969 

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfliquid117.7kJ/molCcbKonicek, Prochzka, et al., 1969 
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δcliquid-2406.4 ± 1.1kJ/molCcbKonicek, Prochzka, et al., 1969 
Δcliquid-2405.kJ/molCcbBruylants and Christiaen, 1925 

Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tboil392.2KN/AWeast and Grasselli, 1989BS
Tboil391.KN/AAmerican Tokyo Kasei, 1988BS
Tboil391.7KN/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δvap40.09kJ/molN/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
Δvap40.0kJ/molVKonicek, Prochzka, et al., 1969ALS
Δvap40.0kJ/molN/AKonicek, Prochzka, et al., 1969DRB
Δvap40.0kJ/molN/AKonicek, Prochzka, et al., 1969AC

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
34.26391.7N/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
40.3308.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 293. to 417. K.; AC
41.6268.N/AStull, 1947Based on data from 254. to 392. K.; AC

Antoine Equation Parameters

log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

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Temperature (K) A B C Reference Comment
253.6 to 392.4.382531526.272-43.316Stull, 1947Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: John E. Bartmess

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

C4H4N- + Hydrogen cation = 3-Butenenitrile

By formula: C4H4N- + H+ = C4H5N

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1495. ± 13.kJ/molG+TSLuna, Mo, et al., 2006gas phase; Acid CH3CH=CHCN. Between MeSH, EtSH
Δr1501. ± 13.kJ/molG+TSChou, Dahlke, et al., 1993gas phase; Acid: CH2=CHCH2CN
Δr1521. ± 21.kJ/molG+TSDahlke and Kass, 1991gas phase; Between MeCHO, HCONH2. Reprotonation site uncertain.
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1464. ± 13.kJ/molIMRBLuna, Mo, et al., 2006gas phase; Acid CH3CH=CHCN. Between MeSH, EtSH
Δr1472. ± 13.kJ/molIMRBChou, Dahlke, et al., 1993gas phase; Acid: CH2=CHCH2CN
Δr1491. ± 21.kJ/molIMRBDahlke and Kass, 1991gas phase; Between MeCHO, HCONH2. Reprotonation site uncertain.
Δr<1527. ± 8.4kJ/molIMRBDawson and Nibbering, 1980gas phase; Acid: CH2=CHCH2CN

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
IE (evaluated)10.20 ± 0.02eVN/AN/AL

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
10.22PEWillett and Baer, 1980LLK
10.18PELake and Thompson, 1970RDSH
10.39 ± 0.01PIWatanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962RDSH
10.55PEOhno, Matumoto, et al., 1984Vertical value; LBLHLM

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
CH2N+11.90?PIWillett and Baer, 1980LLK
C2H3+12.90?PIWillett and Baer, 1980LLK
C2H3N+11.10C2H2EISakurai and Jennings, 1981LLK
C2H3N+11.10?PIWillett and Baer, 1980LLK
C3H2N+12.05?PIWillett and Baer, 1980LLK
C3H3+12.10?PIWillett and Baer, 1980LLK
C3H4+11.50?PIWillett and Baer, 1980LLK
C4H4N+12.30HPIWillett and Baer, 1980LLK

De-protonation reactions

C4H4N- + Hydrogen cation = 3-Butenenitrile

By formula: C4H4N- + H+ = C4H5N

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1495. ± 13.kJ/molG+TSLuna, Mo, et al., 2006gas phase; Acid CH3CH=CHCN. Between MeSH, EtSH; B
Δr1501. ± 13.kJ/molG+TSChou, Dahlke, et al., 1993gas phase; Acid: CH2=CHCH2CN; B
Δr1521. ± 21.kJ/molG+TSDahlke and Kass, 1991gas phase; Between MeCHO, HCONH2. Reprotonation site uncertain.; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1464. ± 13.kJ/molIMRBLuna, Mo, et al., 2006gas phase; Acid CH3CH=CHCN. Between MeSH, EtSH; B
Δr1472. ± 13.kJ/molIMRBChou, Dahlke, et al., 1993gas phase; Acid: CH2=CHCH2CN; B
Δr1491. ± 21.kJ/molIMRBDahlke and Kass, 1991gas phase; Between MeCHO, HCONH2. Reprotonation site uncertain.; B
Δr<1527. ± 8.4kJ/molIMRBDawson and Nibbering, 1980gas phase; Acid: CH2=CHCH2CN; B

IR Spectrum

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Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director


Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Mass spectrum
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Additional Data

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Owner NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin ALPHA Chemicals / NIST MS Data Center.
NIST MS number 125374

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UV/Visible spectrum

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Victor Talrose, Alexander N. Yermakov, Alexy A. Usov, Antonina A. Goncharova, Axlexander N. Leskin, Natalia A. Messineva, Natalia V. Trusova, Margarita V. Efimkina

Spectrum

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UVVis spectrum
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Additional Data

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Source Perkampus and Braunschweig, 1966
Owner INEP CP RAS, NIST OSRD
Collection (C) 2007 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin INSTITUTE OF ENERGY PROBLEMS OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS, RAS
Source reference RAS UV No. 19920
Instrument ZeissPMQ II
Boiling point 116-120

Gas Chromatography

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryBPX-530.673.Aflalaye, Sternberg, et al., 199512. m/0.15 mm/0.25 μm, H2
CapillaryBPX-530.680.Aflalaye, Sternberg, et al., 199512. m/0.15 mm/0.25 μm, H2
CapillaryCP Sil 5 CB20.625.2Do and Raulin, 199225. m/0.15 mm/2. μm, H2
CapillaryPoraPLOT Q100.611.Do and Raulin, 198910. m/0.32 mm/10. μm, H2

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-5658.Dallüge, van Stee, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 2.5 K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryHP-5658.Engel, Baty, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 5C(5min) => 3C/min => 20C => 5C/min => 100C 15C/min => 150C (5min)

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySE-54658.Ding, Deng, et al., 199835. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Tend: 250. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-5 MS656.Cajka, Hajslova, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 45 0C (0.75 min) 10 0C/min -> 200 0C 30 0C/min -> 245 0C (1.25 min)
CapillarySE-54655.Ding, Deng, et al., 1998Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryHP-Innowax1186.Soria, Sanz, et al., 200850. m/0.20 mm/0.20 μm, Helium, 45. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 190. C @ 50. min

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySupelcowax-101186.Soria, Martinez-Castro, et al., 200950. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 45 0C (15 min) 3 0C/min -> 75 0C 5 0C/min -> 180 0C (10 min)
CapillarySupelcowax 101186.Soria, Martinez-Castro, et al., 200850. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 45 0C (15 min) 3 0C/min -> 75 0C 5 0C/min -> 180 0C (10 min)
CapillarySupelcowax 101186.Soria, Martinez-Castro, et al., 200850. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 45 0C (15 min) 3 0C/min -> 75 0C 5 0C/min -> 180 0C (10 min)

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, NIST Free Links, NIST Subscription Links, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Konicek, Prochzka, et al., 1969
Konicek, J.; Prochzka, M.; Krestanov, V.; Smisek, M., Thermochemie der nitrile I. Über die bildungswärmen aliphatischer nitrile, Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun., 1969, 34, 2249-2257. [all data]

Bruylants and Christiaen, 1925
Bruylants, P.; Christiaen, A., Thermochimie des Butenes-Nitriles, Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 1925, 34, 144-150. [all data]

Weast and Grasselli, 1989
CRC Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds, 2nd Editon, Weast,R.C and Grasselli, J.G., ed(s)., CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 1989, 1. [all data]

American Tokyo Kasei, 1988
American Tokyo Kasei, TCI American Organic Chemical 88/89 Catalog, American Tokyo Kasei, Portland, OR, 1988, 1610. [all data]

Majer and Svoboda, 1985
Majer, V.; Svoboda, V., Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300. [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R., Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022 . [all data]

Luna, Mo, et al., 2006
Luna, A.; Mo, O.; Yanez, M.; Gal, J.F.; Maria, P.C.; Guillemin, J.C., Gas-phase protonation and deprotonation of acrylonitrile derivatives N equivalent to C-CH=CH-X (X=CH3, NH2, PH2, SiH3), Chem. Eur. J., 2006, 12, 36, 9254-9261, https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.200600154 . [all data]

Chou, Dahlke, et al., 1993
Chou, P.K.; Dahlke, G.D.; Kass, S.R., Unimolecular Rearrangements of Carbanions in the Gas Phase .2. Cyclopropyl Anions, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Comm., 1993, 115, 1, 315, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00054a045 . [all data]

Dahlke and Kass, 1991
Dahlke, G.D.; Kass, S.R., Substituent Effects in the Gas Phase - 1-Substituted Allyl Anions, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 15, 5566, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00015a008 . [all data]

Dawson and Nibbering, 1980
Dawson, J.H.J.; Nibbering, N.M.M., The gas phase anionic chemistry of saturated and unsaturated aliphatic nitriles, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1980, 33, 3. [all data]

Willett and Baer, 1980
Willett, G.D.; Baer, T., Thermochemistry and dissociation dynamics of state-selected C4H4X ions. 3. C4H5N+, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1980, 102, 6774. [all data]

Lake and Thompson, 1970
Lake, R.F.; Thompson, H., The photoelectron spectra of some molecules containing the C N group, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), 1970, A317, 187. [all data]

Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962
Watanabe, K.; Nakayama, T.; Mottl, J., Ionization potentials of some molecules, J. Quant. Spectry. Radiative Transfer, 1962, 2, 369. [all data]

Ohno, Matumoto, et al., 1984
Ohno, K.; Matumoto, S.; Imai, K.; Haraa, Y., Penning ionization electron spectroscopy of nitriles, J. Phys. Chem., 1984, 88, 206. [all data]

Sakurai and Jennings, 1981
Sakurai, H.; Jennings, K.R., A study of the structures of decomposing and non-decomposing [C4H5N]+ ions formed from different neutral species, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1981, 16, 393. [all data]

Perkampus and Braunschweig, 1966
Perkampus, H.-H.; Braunschweig, T.H., UV atlas of organic compounds, 1966, 1, A1/13. [all data]

Aflalaye, Sternberg, et al., 1995
Aflalaye, A.; Sternberg, R.; Raulin, F.; Vidal-Madjar, C., Gas chromatography of Titan's atmosphere. VI. Analysis of low-molecular-mass hydrocarbons and nitriles with BPX5 capillary columns, J. Chromatogr. A, 1995, 708, 2, 283-291, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(95)00410-O . [all data]

Do and Raulin, 1992
Do, L.; Raulin, F., Gas chromatography of Titan's atmosphere. III. Analysis of low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons and nitriles with a CP-Sil-5 CB WCOT capillary column, J. Chromatogr., 1992, 591, 1-2, 297-301, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(92)80247-R . [all data]

Do and Raulin, 1989
Do, L.; Raulin, F., Gas chromatography of Titan's atmosphere. I. Analysis of low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons and nitriles with a PoraPLOT Q porous polymer coated open-tubular capillary column, J. Chromatogr., 1989, 481, 45-54, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)96751-2 . [all data]

Dallüge, van Stee, et al., 2002
Dallüge, J.; van Stee, L.L.P.; Xu, X.; Williams, J.; Beens, J.; Vreuls, R.J.J.; Brinkman, U.A.Th., Unravelling the composition of very complex samples by comprehensive gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Cigarette smoke, J. Chromatogr. A, 2002, 974, 1-2, 169-184, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(02)01384-5 . [all data]

Engel, Baty, et al., 2002
Engel, E.; Baty, C.; le Corre, D.; Souchon, I.; Martin, N., Flavor-active compounds potentially implicated in cooked cauliflower acceptance, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 22, 6459-6467, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf025579u . [all data]

Ding, Deng, et al., 1998
Ding, Q.; Deng, Y.; Sun, Y.; Huagn, A.; Sun, Y., Analysis of volatile components in ox feces by capillary gas chromatography, Beijing Daxue Xuebao Ziran Kexueban, 1998, 34, 6, 720-725. [all data]

Cajka, Hajslova, et al., 2007
Cajka, T.; Hajslova, J.; Cochran, J.; Holadova, K.; Klimankova, E., Solid phase microextraction - comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography - time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the analysis of honey volatiles, J. Sep. Sci., 2007, 30, 4, 534-546, https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200600413 . [all data]

Soria, Sanz, et al., 2008
Soria, A.C.; Sanz, J.; Martinez-Castro, I., SPME followed by GC-MS: a powerful technique for qualitative analysis of honey volatiles, Eur. Food Res. Technol., 2008, 1-12. [all data]

Soria, Martinez-Castro, et al., 2009
Soria, A.C.; Martinez-Castro, I.; Sanz, J., Study of the precision in the purge-and-trap-gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry analysis of volatile compounds in honey, J. Chromatogr. A., 2009, 1216, 15, 3300-3304, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2009.01.065 . [all data]

Soria, Martinez-Castro, et al., 2008
Soria, A.C.; Martinez-Castro, I.; Sanz, J., Some aspects of dynamic headspace analysis of volatile components in honey, Foog Res. International, 2008, 41, 8, 838-848, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2008.07.010 . [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, NIST Free Links, NIST Subscription Links, References