Butane, 1-chloro-

• Formula: C₄H₉Cl
• Molecular weight: 92.567
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C4H9Cl/c1-2-3-4-5/h2-4H2,1H3 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: VFWCMGCRMGJXDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 109-69-3
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Other names: n-Butyl chloride; n-Propylcarbinyl chloride; Butyl chloride; 1-Chlorobutane; n-C4H9Cl; Chlorure de butyle; NBC wormer; NCI-C06155; Sure Shot; NSC 8419
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• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Henry's Law data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • Gas Chromatography
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Enthalpy of vaporization

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

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Henry's Law data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Rolf Sander

Henry's Law constant (water solution)

k_H(T) = k°_H exp(d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) ((1/T) - 1/(298.15 K)))
k°_H = Henry's law constant for solubility in water at 298.15 K (mol/(kg*bar))
d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) = Temperature dependence constant (K)

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

Ionization energy determinations

Appearance energy determinations

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Stridth and Sunner, 1975
Stridth, G.; Sunner, S., Enthalpies of formation of some 1-chloroalkanes and the CH₂-increment in the 1-chloroalkanes series, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1975, 7, 161-168. [all data]

Smith, Bjellerup, et al., 1953
Smith, L.; Bjellerup, L.; Krook, S.; Westermark, H., Heats of combustion of organic chloro compounds determined by the "quartz wool" method, Acta Chem. Scand., 1953, 7, 65. [all data]

Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]

Grolier, Roux-Desgranges, et al., 1993
Grolier, J.-P.E.; Roux-Desgranges, G.; Berkane, M.; Jimenez, E.; Wilhelm, E., Heat capacities and densities of mixtures of very polar substances 2. Mixtures containing N,N-dimethylformamide, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1993, 25(1), 41-50. [all data]

Shehatta, 1993
Shehatta, I., Heat capacity at constant pressure of some halogen compounds, Thermochim. Acta, 1993, 213, 1-10. [all data]

Lainez, Wilhelm, et al., 1985
Lainez, A.; Wilhelm, E.; Roux-Desgranges, G.; Grolier, J.-P.E., Excess molar quantities of (a halogenated n-alkane + an n-alkane). A comparative study of mixtures containing either 1-chlorobutane or 1,4-dichlorobutane, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1985, 17, 1153-1161. [all data]

Dreisbach and Martin, 1949
Dreisbach, R.R.; Martin, R.A., Physical Data on Some Organic Compounds, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1949, 41, 2875-8. [all data]

Timmermans, 1921
Timmermans, J., The Freezing Points of Organic Substances IV. New Exp. Determinations, Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 1921, 30, 62. [all data]

Majer and Svoboda, 1985
Majer, V.; Svoboda, V., Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300. [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Li and Rossini, 1961
Li, J.C.M.; Rossini, F.D., Vapor Pressures and Boiling Points of the l-Fluoroalkanes, l-Chloroalkanes, l-Bromoalkanes, and l-Iodoalkanes, C ₁ to C ₂₀ ., J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1961, 6, 2, 268-270, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60010a025 . [all data]

Dykyj, 1971
Dykyj, J., Petrochemia, 1971, 11, 2, 27. [all data]

Tekac, Majer, et al., 1981
Tekac, V.; Majer, V.; Svoboda, V.; Hynek, V., Enthalpies of vaporization and cohesive energies for six monochlorinated alkanes, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1981, 13, 659-662. [all data]

Kemme and Kreps, 1969
Kemme, Herbert R.; Kreps, Saul I., Vapor pressure of primary n-alkyl chlorides and alcohols, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1969, 14, 1, 98-102, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60040a011 . [all data]

Mathews and Fehlandt, 1931
Mathews, J.H.; Fehlandt, P.R., The heats of vaporization of some organic compounds, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1931, 53, 3212-32. [all data]

Smyth and Engel, 1929
Smyth, C.P.; Engel, E.W., MOLECULAR ORIENTATION AND THE PARTIAL VAPOR PRESSURES OF BINARY MIXTURES. I. SYSTEMS COMPOSED OF NORMAL LIQUIDS, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1929, 51, 9, 2646-2660, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01384a006 . [all data]

Boublik, Fried, et al., 1984
Boublik, T.; Fried, V.; Hala, E., The Vapour Pressures of Pure Substances: Selected Values of the Temperature Dependence of the Vapour Pressures of Some Pure Substances in the Normal and Low Pressure Region, 2nd ed., Elsevier, New York, 1984, 972. [all data]

Leighton and Calo, 1981
Leighton, D.T.; Calo, J.M., Distribution Coefficients of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Dilute Air-Water Systems for Groundwater Contamination Applications, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1981, 26, 382-385. [all data]

Luo and Pacey, 1992
Luo, Y.-R.; Pacey, P.D., Effects of alkyl substitution on ionization energies of alkanes and haloalkanes and on heats of formation of their molecular cations. Part 2. Alkanes and chloro-, bromo- and iodoalkanes, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 1992, 112, 63. [all data]

Holmes and Lossing, 1991
Holmes, J.L.; Lossing, F.P., Ionization energies of homologous organic compounds and correlation with molecular size, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1991, 26, 537. [all data]

Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S., Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules in Handbook of HeI Photoelectron Spectra of Fundamental Organic Compounds, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, 1981. [all data]

Baldwin, Maccoll, et al., 1964
Baldwin, M.; Maccoll, A.; Miller, S.I., Appearance potentials of the lower chloroalkanes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1964, 86, 4498. [all data]

Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962
Watanabe, K.; Nakayama, T.; Mottl, J., Ionization potentials of some molecules, J. Quant. Spectry. Radiative Transfer, 1962, 2, 369. [all data]

Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1973
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Matsumoto, H.; Nagakura, S., Photoelectron spectra and orbital structures of higher alkyl chlorides, bromides, and iodides., Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1973, 46, 373. [all data]

Harrison and Shannon, 1962
Harrison, A.G.; Shannon, T.W., An electron impact study of chloromethyl and dichloromethyl derivatives, Can. J. Chem., 1962, 40, 1730. [all data]

Maccoll and Mathur, 1980
Maccoll, A.; Mathur, D., Hydrogen chloride elimination from the molecular ions of alkyl chlorides, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1980, 15, 483. [all data]

Baldwin, Maccoll, et al., 1966
Baldwin, M.; Maccoll, A.; Miller, S.I., Ionization and appearance potentials from a study of alkyl chlorides, Advan. Mass Spectrom., 1966, 3, 259. [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  AE	Appearance energy
  Cp,liquid	Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid
  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  Tboil	Boiling point
  Tc	Critical temperature
  Tfus	Fusion (melting) point
  d(ln(kH))/d(1/T)	Temperature dependence parameter for Henry's Law constant
  k°H	Henry's Law constant at 298.15K
  ΔcH°liquid	Enthalpy of combustion of liquid at standard conditions
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔfH°liquid	Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions
  ΔvapH	Enthalpy of vaporization
  ΔvapH°	Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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