2-Pentanone

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas-259.1 ± 1.1kJ/molCcbHarrop, Head, et al., 1970ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δcgas-3156.kJ/molCcbGuinchant, 1918Corresponding Δfgas = -241. kJ/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Cp,gas (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
142.97 ± 0.43369.0Nickerson J.K., 1961GT
150.62 ± 0.45394.0
156.40 ± 0.47414.0
162.00 ± 0.49434.0
167.15 ± 0.50454.0

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfliquid-297.3 ± 1.1kJ/molCcbHarrop, Head, et al., 1970ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δcliquid-3099.4 ± 0.8kJ/molCcbHarrop, Head, et al., 1970Corresponding Δfliquid = -297.29 kJ/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
liquid274.1J/mol*KN/AAndon, Counsell, et al., 1968DH
liquid272.42J/mol*KN/AOetting, 1965DH

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

Cp,liquid (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
185.4298.15Saluja, Peacock, et al., 1979DH
185.1298.15Grolier, Benson, et al., 1975DH
184.3298.15Harrop, Head, et al., 1970DH
184.2298.15Andon, Counsell, et al., 1968T = 10 to 360 K.; DH
184.35298.15Oetting, 1965T = 12 to 330 K.; DH

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tboil375. ± 1.KAVGN/AAverage of 55 out of 57 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tfus196.27KN/ACollerson, Counsell, et al., 1965Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.02 K; TRC
Tfus196.29KN/ACollerson, Counsell, et al., 1965Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.01 K; TRC
Tfus195.4KN/ATimmermans, 1952Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.25 K; TRC
Tfus194.0KN/AVan de Vloed, 1939Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.7 K; TRC
Tfus195.4KN/ATimmermans, 1921Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Ttriple196.31KN/AAndon, Counsell, et al., 1968, 2Crystal phase 1 phase; Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.04 K; TRC
Ttriple196.29KN/AOetting, 1965, 2Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.07 K; TRC
Ttriple196.35KN/AOetting, 1965, 2Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.06 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tc561.1KN/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
Tc561.08KN/AAmbrose, Broderick, et al., 1974Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2 K; TRC
Tc564.0KN/AKobe, Crawford, et al., 1955Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.56 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Pc36.94barN/AAmbrose, Broderick, et al., 1974Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.20 bar; TRC
Pc38.90barN/AKobe, Crawford, et al., 1955Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.483 bar; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ρc3.32mol/lN/AKobe, Crawford, et al., 1955Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.09 mol/l; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δvap38.46kJ/molN/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
Δvap38.43kJ/molVUchytilova, Majer, et al., 1983ALS
Δvap38.4kJ/molCUchytilova, Majer, et al., 1983AC
Δvap38.3 ± 0.3kJ/molGCCSaluja, Peacock, et al., 1979AC
Δvap38.4kJ/molN/AAmbrose, Ellender, et al., 1975AC

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
33.44375.4N/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
36.1351.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 336. to 422. K.; AC
33.7431.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 416. to 501. K.; AC
33.3502.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 487. to 561. K.; AC
36.5344.A,GS,EBStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 329. to 385. K. See also Ambrose, Ellender, et al., 1975, Collerson, Counsell, et al., 1965, and Dykyj, 1972.; AC
39.5283.EBMeyer and Wagner, 1966Based on data from 268. to 373. K.; AC
36.1 ± 0.1335.CNickerson, Kobe, et al., 1961AC
34.4 ± 0.1360.CNickerson, Kobe, et al., 1961AC
33.4 ± 0.1375.CNickerson, Kobe, et al., 1961AC
32.8 ± 0.1386.CNickerson, Kobe, et al., 1961AC
32.2 ± 0.1394.CNickerson, Kobe, et al., 1961AC

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH = A exp(-βTr) (1 − Tr)β
    ΔvapH = Enthalpy of vaporization (at saturation pressure) (kJ/mol)
    Tr = reduced temperature (T / Tc)

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Temperature (K) A (kJ/mol) β Tc (K) Reference Comment
298. to 395.55.410.2844561.1Majer and Svoboda, 1985 

Antoine Equation Parameters

log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

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Temperature (K) A B C Reference Comment
329.80 to 384.804.142431311.145-58.457Collerson, Counsell, et al., 1965, 2 
334.87 to 394.574.148991311.315-58.934Nickerson, Kobe, et al., 1961Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

Enthalpy of fusion

ΔfusH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
10.623196.35Oetting, 1965DH

Entropy of fusion

ΔfusS (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
54.10196.35Oetting, 1965DH

Enthalpy of phase transition

ΔHtrs (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Initial Phase Final Phase Reference Comment
0.2377110.crystaline, IIcrystaline, IAndon, Counsell, et al., 1968Apparently a typographic error in H in paper; given as 137.7 J/mol.; DH
10.632196.31crystaline, IliquidAndon, Counsell, et al., 1968DH

Entropy of phase transition

ΔStrs (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Initial Phase Final Phase Reference Comment
2.18110.crystaline, IIcrystaline, IAndon, Counsell, et al., 1968Apparently; DH
54.16196.31crystaline, IliquidAndon, Counsell, et al., 1968DH

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

C5H9O- + Hydrogen cation = 2-Pentanone

By formula: C5H9O- + H+ = C5H10O

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1536. ± 8.8kJ/molTDEqBurkell, Fridgen, et al., 2003gas phase; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1505. ± 8.4kJ/molTDEqBurkell, Fridgen, et al., 2003gas phase; B

(CAS Reg. No. 117951-43-6 • 42949672952-Pentanone) + 2-Pentanone = CAS Reg. No. 117951-43-6

By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 117951-43-6 • 4294967295C5H10O) + C5H10O = CAS Reg. No. 117951-43-6

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr167. ± 8.8kJ/molN/AHaas and Harrison, 1993gas phase; Both metastable and 50 eV collision energy.; B

2,2-Dimethoxypentane + Water = 2-Pentanone + 2Methyl Alcohol

By formula: C7H16O2 + H2O = C5H10O + 2CH4O

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr19.52 ± 0.059kJ/molCmWiberg and Squires, 1979liquid phase; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS

Sodium ion (1+) + 2-Pentanone = (Sodium ion (1+) • 2-Pentanone)

By formula: Na+ + C5H10O = (Na+ • C5H10O)

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
104.298.IMREMcMahon and Ohanessian, 2000Anchor alanine=39.89; RCD

2-Pentanol = 2-Pentanone + Hydrogen

By formula: C5H12O = C5H10O + H2

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr54.7 ± 0.3kJ/molEqkConnett, 1970liquid phase; ALS

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C5H10O+ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
IE (evaluated)9.38 ± 0.06eVN/AN/AL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Proton affinity (review)832.7kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Gas basicity800.9kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
9.28 ± 0.02PEAshmore and Burgess, 1978LLK
9.383 ± 0.005PEHernandez, Masclet, et al., 1977LLK
9.40 ± 0.01PECocksey, Eland, et al., 1971LLK
9.37 ± 0.02PIMurad and Inghram, 1964RDSH
9.39 ± 0.02PIWatanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962RDSH
9.47 ± 0.03PIVilesov, 1960RDSH
9.46PEOlivato, Guerrero, et al., 1984Vertical value; LBLHLM
9.44PEBenoit and Harrison, 1977Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
CH3+15.13?EIPotzinger and Bunau, 1969RDSH
C2H3O+11.54C3H7EIPotzinger and Bunau, 1969RDSH
C3H5O+10.58C2H5EIPotzinger and Bunau, 1969RDSH
C3H6O+10.08C2H4EIHolmes and Lossing, 1980LLK
C3H6O+10.07C2H4PIMurad and Inghram, 1964RDSH
C4H7O+10.03CH3PIMurad and Inghram, 1964RDSH

De-protonation reactions

C5H9O- + Hydrogen cation = 2-Pentanone

By formula: C5H9O- + H+ = C5H10O

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1536. ± 8.8kJ/molTDEqBurkell, Fridgen, et al., 2003gas phase; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1505. ± 8.4kJ/molTDEqBurkell, Fridgen, et al., 2003gas phase; B

Ion clustering data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Robert C. Dunbar

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

Sodium ion (1+) + 2-Pentanone = (Sodium ion (1+) • 2-Pentanone)

By formula: Na+ + C5H10O = (Na+ • C5H10O)

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
104.298.IMREMcMahon and Ohanessian, 2000Anchor alanine=39.89

IR Spectrum

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director


Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Mass spectrum
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Additional Data

View image of digitized spectrum (can be printed in landscape orientation).

Due to licensing restrictions, this spectrum cannot be downloaded.

Owner NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, 1998.
NIST MS number 291264

All mass spectra in this site (plus many more) are available from the NIST/EPA/NIH Mass Spectral Library. Please see the following for information about the library and its accompanying search program.


Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryOV-1333.663.3Hu, Lu, et al., 2006 
CapillaryDB-1313.667.09Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-1323.666.82Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-1333.666.11Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-1343.665.42Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-1353.666.63Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-1363.667.23Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-1373.668.17Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-1383.668.33Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-1393.669.68Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-1403.670.44Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-1413.672.02Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-1423.674.86Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-5313.693.14Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-5323.692.22Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-5333.691.63Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-5343.691.20Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-5353.690.53Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-5363.691.40Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-5373.691.57Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-5383.691.79Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-5393.692.92Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-5403.694.09Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-5413.696.34Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-5423.697.44Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-150.672.20Ciazynska-Halarewicz, Borucka, et al., 200230. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
CapillaryDB-175.673.99Ciazynska-Halarewicz, Borucka, et al., 200230. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
CapillaryDB-1100.671.87Ciazynska-Halarewicz, Borucka, et al., 200230. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
CapillaryDB-1125.652.20Ciazynska-Halarewicz, Borucka, et al., 200230. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
CapillaryDB-1150.638.93Ciazynska-Halarewicz, Borucka, et al., 200230. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
CapillaryHP-1110.666.9Héberger, Görgényi, et al., 200250. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm
CapillaryHP-130.665.4Héberger, Görgényi, et al., 200250. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm
CapillaryHP-140.665.4Héberger, Görgényi, et al., 200250. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm
CapillaryHP-150.665.40Héberger, Görgényi, et al., 200250. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm
CapillaryHP-160.665.4Héberger, Görgényi, et al., 200250. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm
CapillaryHP-170.665.69Héberger, Görgényi, et al., 200250. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm
CapillaryHP-190.666.07Héberger, Görgényi, et al., 200250. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm
CapillarySqualane200.631.Castello, Vezzani, et al., 1999 
CapillaryApolane200.636.Castello, Vezzani, et al., 1999 
CapillaryHP-1110.667.Héberger and Görgényi, 199950. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm, N2
CapillaryHP-150.665.Héberger and Görgényi, 199950. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm, N2
CapillaryHP-170.666.Héberger and Görgényi, 199950. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm, N2
CapillaryHP-190.666.Héberger and Görgényi, 199950. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm, N2
CapillarySE-30100.674.Golovnya, Syomina, et al., 199725. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
CapillarySE-30110.676.Golovnya, Syomina, et al., 199725. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
CapillarySE-3080.672.Golovnya, Syomina, et al., 199725. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
CapillarySE-3090.673.Golovnya, Syomina, et al., 199725. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
CapillarySPB-160.649.Castello, Vezzani, et al., 199430. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He
CapillaryOV-101150.669.2Cha and Lee, 1994Column length: 20. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillaryOV-101180.675.3Cha and Lee, 1994Column length: 20. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
PackedPorapack Q200.663.Gawdzik and Matynia, 1994H2; Column length: 1. m
PackedSE-30120.682.Kowalski, 1992He, Gas Chrom Q (100-120 mesh); Column length: 0.25 m
PackedC78, Branched paraffin130.629.6Reddy, Dutoit, et al., 1992Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 3.3 m
CapillarySE-54110.688.5Grigor'eva, Vasil'ev, et al., 198915. m/0.28 mm/2.5 μm, Ar
CapillarySE-54130.690.Grigor'eva, Vasil'ev, et al., 198915. m/0.28 mm/2.5 μm, Ar
CapillarySE-54150.691.2Grigor'eva, Vasil'ev, et al., 198915. m/0.28 mm/2.5 μm, Ar
PackedOV-101150.685.6Maeck, Touabet, et al., 1989N2, Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 2. m
PackedOV-101120.685.Fernández-Sánchez, Fernández-Torres, et al., 1987N2, Chromosorb W AW DMCS (80-100 mesh); Column length: 2. m
CapillaryApiezon L + KF60.668.Svetlova, Samusenko, et al., 198630. m/0.25 mm/0.06 μm
CapillaryOV-10180.668.Wang and Sun, 1985Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.27 mm
PackedSE-30120.672.Stolyarov and Kartsova, 1984N2; Column length: 200. m
PackedSE-30150.675.Tiess, 1984Ar, Gas Chrom Q (80-100 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedOV-1120.671.Valko, Papp, et al., 1984Gas Chrom Q; Column length: 2. m
PackedApolane100.630.Castello and D'Amato, 1983He, Chromosorb G; Column length: 3. m
PackedApolane200.636.Castello and D'Amato, 1983He, Chromosorb G; Column length: 3. m
PackedSqualane100.624.Castello and D'Amato, 1983He, Chromosorb G; Column length: 3. m
PackedSqualane120.627.Castello and D'Amato, 1983He, Chromosorb G; Column length: 3. m
PackedSqualane125.626.Castello and D'Amato, 1983He, Chromosorb G; Column length: 3. m
PackedSqualane200.631.Castello and D'Amato, 1983He, Chromosorb G; Column length: 3. m
PackedSE-30100.671.Winskowski, 1983Gaschrom Q; Column length: 2. m
PackedSE-30150.666.Haken, Nguyen, et al., 1979Celatom AW silanized; Column length: 3.7 m
PackedApiezon L120.646.Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978Celite 545
PackedApiezon L160.653.Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978Celite 545
PackedApiezon L130.644.Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978 
CapillaryApiezon M120.642.Golovnya and Misharina, 1977 
PackedApolane190.634.8Riedo, Fritz, et al., 1976He, Chromosorb; Column length: 2.4 m
PackedSE-30150.673.Haken, Ho, et al., 1975Column length: 3.7 m
PackedSE-30150.674.Ashes and Haken, 1974Celaton (62-72 mesh); Column length: 3.7 m
PackedSqualane50.624.Mira and Sanchez, 1970Chromosorb G
PackedSqualane70.623.Mira and Sanchez, 1970Chromosorb G
PackedApiezon L100.642.Brown, Chapman, et al., 1968N2, DCMS-treated Chromosorb W; Column length: 2.3 m
PackedApiezon L150.654.Brown, Chapman, et al., 1968N2, DCMS-treated Chromosorb W; Column length: 2.3 m
PackedApiezon L130.644.Wehrli and Kováts, 1959Celite; Column length: 2.25 m
PackedApiezon L70.638.Wehrli and Kováts, 1959Celite; Column length: 2.25 m

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySE-54687.Rembold, Wallner, et al., 198930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 0. C @ 12. min, 12. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryOV-101703.Ohnishi and Shibamoto, 19842. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.23 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryOV-101705.Ohnishi and Shibamoto, 19842. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.23 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 200. C

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryBP-1666.SGE, 2005Program: not specified
CapillaryBP-5692.SGE, 2005Program: not specified
CapillaryBPX-5697.SGE, 2005Program: not specified
CapillarySPB-1664.8Castello, Timossi, et al., 1988N2; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.75 mm; Program: not specified
PackedSE-30680.Moffat, Stead, et al., 1974Chromosrb G; Column length: 2. m; Program: not specified

Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-Wax40.1003.89Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryDB-Wax50.1005.72Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryDB-Wax60.1007.52Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryDB-Wax70.1009.73Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryDB-Wax80.1011.09Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryDB-Wax90.1012.78Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryDB-Wax100.1014.87Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryDB-Wax110.1016.30Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryDB-Wax120.1018.39Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryDB-Wax130.1020.31Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryDB-Wax140.1022.25Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryDB-Wax150.1023.72Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryDB-Wax75.986.78Ciazynska-Halarewicz, Borucka, et al., 200230. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
CapillaryDB-Wax100.1015.63Ciazynska-Halarewicz, Borucka, et al., 200230. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
CapillaryDB-Wax125.1021.54Ciazynska-Halarewicz, Borucka, et al., 200230. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
CapillaryHP-Innowax110.1010.7Héberger and Görgényi, 199930. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm
CapillaryHP-Innowax50.996.2Héberger and Görgényi, 199930. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm
CapillaryHP-Innowax70.1000.7Héberger and Görgényi, 199930. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm
CapillaryHP-Innowax90.1005.6Héberger and Görgényi, 199930. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm
CapillarySupelcowax-1060.990.2Castello, Vezzani, et al., 199430. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He
CapillaryPEG-20M80.979.4Orav, Kuningas, et al., 199450. m/0.2 mm/0.13 μm, He
CapillaryPEG-20M80.992.6Orav, Kuningas, et al., 199450. m/0.2 mm/0.19 μm, He
CapillaryPEG-20M80.994.6Orav, Kuningas, et al., 199450. m/0.2 mm/0.22 μm, He
PackedCarbowax 20M80.979.Kersten and Poole, 1987N2, Chromosorb W-AW; Column length: 3.5 m
PackedPEG-20M120.996.Stolyarov and Kartsova, 1984N2, Chromaton N AW HMDS; Column length: 2. m

Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-Wax974.Tatsuka, Suekane, et al., 199060. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-Wax978.Tatsuka, Suekane, et al., 199060. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C
PackedPEG-20M969.Galt and MacLeod, 1984N2, Celite, 70. C @ 9. min, 10. K/min; Column length: 5.5 m; Tend: 175. C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M990.Tressl, Friese, et al., 1978He, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; Tstart: 70. C; Tend: 190. C

Kovats' RI, polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryBP-20998.SGE, 2005Program: not specified
CapillaryPEG-20M969.Slizhov and Gavrilenko, 2001He; Column length: 10. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Program: not specified
CapillarySupelcowax-10997.6Castello, Timossi, et al., 1988N2; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.75 mm; Program: not specified

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-5686.Methven L., Tsoukka M., et al., 200760. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 260. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-5695.Bylaite and Meyer, 200630. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, 50. C @ 1. min, 10. K/min, 290. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-1651.Osorio, Alarcon, et al., 200625. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, 4. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 300. C
CapillaryHP-5699.Solina, Baumgartner, et al., 200525. m/0.2 mm/1. μm, He, 5. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min; Tstart: 40. C
CapillaryCP-Sil 8CB-MS683.Hierro, de la Hoz, et al., 200460. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min
CapillarySPB-5689.Píno, Marbot, et al., 200430. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
CapillaryHP-5685.Siegmund and Murkovic, 200430. m/0.25 mm/0.1 μm, -30. C @ 1. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
CapillaryCP-Sil 8CB-MS710.Bruna, Hierro, et al., 200360. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min
CapillaryPetrocol DH673.9Censullo, Jones, et al., 200350. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 35. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
CapillaryCP Sil 5 CB653.Pino, Almora, et al., 200360. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 280. C @ 60. min
CapillarySPB-5689.Pino, Marbot, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
CapillaryDB-5681.8Xu, van Stee, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 2.5 K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryCP Sil 8 CB692.Elmore, Campo, et al., 200260. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 280. C
CapillaryCP Sil 5 CB653.Pino, Marbot, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 60. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min, 280. C @ 40. min
CapillaryCP Sil 5 CB653.Pino, Marbot, et al., 2002, 250. m/0.32 mm/0.4 μm, He, 60. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 280. C @ 60. min
CapillaryBPX-5680.Ames, Guy, et al., 200150. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
CapillaryBPX-5680.Ames, Guy, et al., 200150. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
CapillaryCP-Sil 8CB-MS692.Bruna, Hierro, et al., 200160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 280. C
CapillarySPB-1673.Larráyoz, Addis, et al., 200130. m/0.32 mm/4. μm, He, 45. C @ 13. min, 5. K/min, 240. C @ 5. min
CapillaryCP Sil 5 CB653.Pino and Marbot, 200150. m/0.32 mm/0.4 μm, He, 60. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 280. C @ 60. min
CapillaryCP Sil 5 CB653.Pino, Marbot, et al., 200150. m/0.32 mm/0.4 μm, He, 60. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 280. C @ 60. min
CapillaryCP Sil 8 CB693.Elmore, Mottram, et al., 200060. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 280. C
CapillaryDB-5715.Moio, Piombino, et al., 200030. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, H2, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 210. C
CapillaryOV-1680.Valero, Sanz, et al., 199920. m/0.32 mm/0.3 μm, He, 45. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 220. C @ 10. min
CapillaryBPX-5698.Aaslyng, Elmore, et al., 199850. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 280. C
CapillarySPB-5684.Verdier-Metz., Coulon, et al., 199860. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 2. min
CapillarySE-54682.Li, Wang, et al., 1998H2, 35. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Tend: 250. C
CapillarySE-54684.Li, Wang, et al., 1998H2, 35. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryDB-5689.Madruga and Mottram, 199830. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
CapillaryDB-5715.Moio and Addeo, 199830. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, H2, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 210. C
CapillaryDB-5715.Moio and Addeo, 199830. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, H2, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 210. C
CapillaryDB-1666.00Bartelt, 199730. m/0.32 mm/5. μm, He, 35. C @ 1. min, 10. K/min; Tend: 270. C
CapillaryOV-101682.Misharina, Golovnya, et al., 199250. m/0.31 mm/0.5 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryOV-101630.Misharina, Aerove, et al., 199150. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryDB-1666.Wu, Kuo, et al., 199150. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm, He, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 40. min; Tstart: 40. C
CapillaryDB-5700.Guichard and Souty, 1988H2, 30. C @ 5. min, 1.5 K/min; Column length: 0.32 m; Column diameter: 1. mm; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryOV-101663.Wang and Sun, 19852. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.27 mm; Tstart: 110. C
CapillaryOV-101664.Wang and Sun, 19852. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.27 mm; Tstart: 125. C
CapillaryOV-101661.Wang and Sun, 19852. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.27 mm; Tstart: 80. C
CapillaryOV-101662.Wang and Sun, 19853. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.27 mm; Tstart: 80. C
CapillaryOV-101662.Wang and Sun, 19854. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.27 mm; Tstart: 80. C
CapillaryOV-101662.Wang and Sun, 19852. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.27 mm; Tstart: 95. C
CapillaryCP Sil 5 CB645.Hendriks and Bruins, 19834. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; Tstart: 70. C; Tend: 205. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryHP-5MS686.Bonaiti, Irlinger, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 5C(8min) => 3C/min => 20C => 10C/min => 150C(10min)
CapillaryDB-5711.Boscaini, van Ruth, et al., 200360. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40C(4min) => 2C/min => 90C => 4C/min => 130C 8C/min => 250C
CapillaryHP-5700.Carrapiso, Ventanas, et al., 200250. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm; Program: 35C(5min) => 10C/min => 150C => 20C/min => 250C(10 min)
CapillaryCP-Sil 8CB-MS680.Elmore, Mottram, et al., 2000, 260. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 0C(5min) => 40C/min => 40C (2min) => 4C/min => 280C
CapillaryBPX-5716.Elmore, Mottram, et al., 199950. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 0C(5min) => 40C/min => 40C(2min) => 4C/min => 280C
CapillaryBPX-5705.Owens J.D., Allagheny N., et al., 199750. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: OC => 60C/min => 60C(5min) => 4C/min => 250C(20min)
CapillaryHP-PONA677.Maignial, Pibarot, et al., 199250. m/0.2 mm/0.5 μm; Program: 20C(0.5min) => fast => 60C => 4C/min => 250C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryZB-Wax983.Wu, Zorn, et al., 200730. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB968.Mahadevan and Farmer, 200660. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryDB-Wax945.Osorio, Alarcon, et al., 200630. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB971.Alasalvar, Taylor, et al., 200560. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 35. C @ 4. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 203. C
CapillarySupelcowax-10978.Elmore, Nisyrios, et al., 200560. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 280. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1005.Malliaa, Fernandez-Garcia, et al., 200560. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 45. C @ 1. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 12. min
CapillaryDB-Wax Etr985.Ménager, Jost, et al., 200430. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min, 245. C @ 20. min
CapillaryCarbowax991.1Censullo, Jones, et al., 200360. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 50. C @ 10. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
CapillaryAT-Wax945.Pino, Almora, et al., 200360. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 65. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 60. min
CapillaryAT-Wax944.Pino, Marbot, et al., 2002, 260. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 65. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 60. min
CapillaryAT-Wax943.Pino and Marbot, 200160. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 65. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 60. min
CapillaryAT-Wax944.Pino, Marbot, et al., 200160. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 65. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 60. min
CapillaryDB-Wax996.Shimoda, Yoshimura, et al., 200160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 60. min; Tstart: 50. C
CapillaryFFAP988.Ott, Fay, et al., 199730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 20. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 1. min
CapillaryDB-Wax980.Shimoda, Peralta, et al., 199660. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 230. C
CapillaryDB-Wax975.Shimoda, Wu, et al., 199660. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 230. C
CapillaryDB-Wax975.Iwaoka, Hagi, et al., 1994He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-Wax993.Shiratsuchi, Shimoda, et al., 199460. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 60. min; Tstart: 50. C
CapillaryDB-Wax978.Sumitani, Suekane, et al., 1994He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-Wax938.Frohlich and Schreier, 199030. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 220. C
CapillarySupelcowax-10977.Matiella and Hsieh, 199060. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 175. C @ 20. min
CapillaryDB-Wax938.Fröhlich, Duque, et al., 198930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryDB-Wax943.Fröhlich, Duque, et al., 198930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillarySupelcowax-10978.Tanchotikul and Hsieh, 198960. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 175. C @ 20. min
CapillarySupelcowax-10979.Tanchotikul and Hsieh, 198960. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 175. C @ 20. min
CapillaryPEG-20M983.4Wang and Sun, 19853. K/min; Column length: 62. m; Column diameter: 0.27 mm; Tstart: 70. C
CapillaryPEG-20M984.3Wang and Sun, 19854. K/min; Column length: 62. m; Column diameter: 0.27 mm; Tstart: 70. C
CapillaryPEG-20M984.4Wang and Sun, 19852. K/min; Column length: 62. m; Column diameter: 0.27 mm; Tstart: 80. C
CapillaryPEG-20M987.0Wang and Sun, 19852. K/min; Column length: 62. m; Column diameter: 0.27 mm; Tstart: 90. C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M971.Chen, Kuo, et al., 1982He, 50. C @ 10. min, 1. K/min; Tend: 160. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySupelcowax-10980.Bianchi, Cantoni, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 220C(1min)
CapillarySupelcowax-10980.Bianchi, Careri, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
CapillarySupelcowax-10982.Bianchi, Careri, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(1min) => 10C/min => 120C => 15C/min => 200C (1min)
CapillarySupelcowax-10979.Bianchi, Careri, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
CapillarySupelcowax-10980.Bianchi, Careri, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
CapillarySupelcowax-10984.Bianchi, Careri, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB983.Verzera, Ziino, et al., 200460. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 45C(5min) => 10C/min => 80C => 2C/min => 240C
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB968.Alasalvar, Shahidi, et al., 200360. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C => 5C/min => 60C => 2.5C/min => 155C
CapillaryHP-FFAP944.Carrapiso, Ventanas, et al., 200230. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 35C(5min) => 10C/min => 150C => 20C/min => 250C(10 min)
CapillaryInnowax971.Larráyoz, Addis, et al., 200160. m/0.22 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C (1min) => 3C/min => 170C => 4C/min => 200C (20min)
CapillaryDB-Wax970.Radovic, Careri, et al., 200130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 30C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB974.Madruga and Mottram, 199850. m/0.32 mm/0.21 μm; Program: 0C(5min) => fast => 60C(5min) => 4C/min => 220C(20min)
CapillarySupelcowax-10976.Baek and Cadwallader, 199660. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C => (6C/min) => 80C(6min) => (15C/min) => 200C(10min)

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane105.667.Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009 
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane75.666.Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009 
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane90.667.Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009 
PackedPolydimethyl siloxane120.668.Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009 
PackedPolydimethyl siloxane120.669.Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009 
PackedPolydimethyl siloxane120.669.Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009 
CapillaryMethyl Silicone100.667.Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007 
CapillaryMethyl Silicone120.670.Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007 
CapillaryMethyl Silicone140.669.Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007 
CapillaryMethyl Silicone80.666.Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007 
CapillaryMethyl Silicone120.668.Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007 
CapillaryMethyl Silicone120.668.Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007 
CapillaryMethyl Silicone120.670.Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007 
CapillaryOV-160.665.Amboni, Junkes, et al., 2002 
PackedApieson L120.655.Kurdina, Markovich, et al., 1969not specified, not specified
PackedDC-400150.640.Anderson, 1968Helium, Gas-Pak (60-80 mesh); Column length: 3.0 m

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryOptima-5 MS671.Goeminne, Vandendriessche, et al., 201230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 35. C @ 3. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
CapillaryDB-5668.Cais-Sokolinska, Majcher, et al., 201125. m/0.20 mm/0.33 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 1. min, 20. K/min; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryVF-5 MS678.Leffingwell and Alford, 201160. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 28. min; Tstart: 30. C
CapillaryVF-5 MS680.Leffingwell and Alford, 201160. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 28. min; Tstart: 30. C
CapillaryOV-101670.Zenkevich, Eliseenkov, et al., 201125. m/0.20 mm/0.25 μm, Nitrogen, 6. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryDB-1661.Kumazawa, Itobe, et al., 200830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 5. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 210. C
CapillaryHP-5703.Mildner-Szkudlarz and Jelen, 200810. m/0.10 mm/0.40 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 1. min, 20. K/min, 280. C @ 1. min
Capillary5 % Phenyl methyl siloxane685.Ramirez R. and Cava R., 200730. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 7. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
CapillarySPB-5685.Vasta, Ratel, et al., 200760. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 5. min
CapillaryHP-1662.Berlioz, Cordella, et al., 200650. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min; Tstart: 60. C
CapillaryDB-5698.Fadel, Mageed, et al., 2006He, 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryDB-5698.Fadel, Mageed, et al., 2006, 2He, 50. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryHP-5688.Isidorov, Purzynska, et al., 200630. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillarySPB-5689.Pino, Marquez, et al., 200630. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
CapillaryDB-5671.Fan and Qian, 200530. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
CapillaryHP-5MS687.Krist, Stuebiger, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 38. C @ 1. min, 5. K/min, 220. C @ 2. min
CapillaryMDN-5685.van Loon, Linssen, et al., 200560. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min, 270. C @ 5. min
CapillaryHP-1659.Cavalli, Fernandez, et al., 200450. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min; Tstart: 60. C
CapillarySPB-1655.Vichi, Pizzale, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillarySPB-5681.Pérès, Begnaud, et al., 200260. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 5. min
CapillaryDB-5684.Joffraud, Leroi, et al., 200160. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryHP-5686.García, Martín, et al., 200060. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryOV-101664.Tamura, Boonbumrung, et al., 2000Nitrogen, 40. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryMethyl Silicone674.Vendramini and Trugo, 200050. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, H2, 40. C @ 0.5 min, 4. K/min; Tend: 260. C
CapillaryDB-5685.Meynier, Novelli, et al., 199930. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillarySE-54681.Ding, Deng, et al., 199835. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryDB-1680.Tai and Ho, 199860. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 280. C
CapillaryDB-1693.Tai and Ho, 199860. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 280. C
CapillaryDB-1666.Robacker and Bartelt, 199730. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 35. C @ 1. min, 10. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryHP-5690.Larsen and Frisvad, 199535. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryUltra-2682.King, Hamilton, et al., 199350. m/0.32 mm/0.52 μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 30. min
CapillaryDB-1652.Shiota, 199330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryDB-1655.Shiota, 199330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryDB-1652.Shiota, 199330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryDB-1658.Shiota, 199330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryDB-5688.Lee, Macku, et al., 199160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryDB-5691.Macku and Shibamoto, 1991He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 160. C
CapillaryDB-5690.Macku and Shibamoto, 1991, 2He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 160. C
CapillaryOV-101672.Anker, Jurs, et al., 19902. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-1658.Binder, Turner, et al., 19904. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min; Tstart: 50. C
CapillaryHP-5672.Spadone, Takeoka, et al., 1990H2, 16. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryHP-5679.Spadone, Takeoka, et al., 1990H2, 16. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryOV-3705.Buttery, Xu, et al., 19851. K/min; Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.66 mm; Tstart: 20. C; Tend: 170. C
CapillaryDB-1664.Habu, Flath, et al., 19853. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tstart: 0. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryOV-101665.del Rosario, de Lumen, et al., 1984He, 0. C @ 1. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Tend: 225. C
CapillarySP 2100660.Labropoulos, Palmer, et al., 1982Helium, 10. K/min; Column length: 40. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillarySE-30677.Alves and Jennings, 1979Helium, 2. K/min; Tstart: 70. C; Tend: 170. C
CapillarySF-96673.Donetzhuber, Johansson, et al., 1976Nitrogen, 3. K/min, 130. C @ 40. min; Column length: 111. m; Column diameter: 0.76 mm; Initial hold: 8. min

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryHP-5695.Fang, Pu, et al., 201230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 30 0C (1 min) 2 0C/min -> 100 0C (5 min) 5 0C/min -> 170 0C
CapillarySiloxane, 5 % Ph699.VOC BinBase, 2012Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-5674.Miyazaki, Plotto, et al., 201160. m/0.25 mm/1.00 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C 4 0C/min -> 230 0C 100 0C/min -> 260 0C (11.7 min)
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane, 5 % phenyl699.Skogerson, Wohlgemuth, et al., 2011Program: not specified
CapillaryHP-5684.Pugliese, Sirtori, et al., 200950. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryHP-5690.Rotsatschakul, Visesanguan, et al., 200960. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 30 0C (2 min) 2 0Cmin -> 60 0C 10 0C/min -> 100 0C 20 0C/min -> 140 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C (10 min)
CapillarySqualane673.Chen, 2008Program: not specified
CapillaryHP-5660.Ventanas, Estevez, et al., 200850. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (10 min) 5 0C/min -> 200 0C 15 0C/min -> 250 0C (10 min)
CapillaryHP-5671.Zhao, Li, et al., 200830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
CapillaryHP-5700.Carrapiso and Garsia, 200750. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm; Program: 35 0C (10 min) 10 0C/min -> 150 0C 20 0C/min -> 250 0C (10 min)
CapillaryMethyl Silicone654.Chen and Feng, 2007Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone666.Feng and Mu, 2007Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-5 MS682.Liu, Xu, et al., 200760. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 6 0C/min -> 100 0C 4 0C/min -> 180 0C 8 0C/min -> 250 0C (12 min)
CapillaryDB-5684.Pellicer, 200730. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-5689.Pellicer, 200730. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-5689.Pellicer, 200730. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-5689.Pellicer, 200730. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryHP-5700.Splivallo, Bossi, et al., 2007He; Program: 50C => 3C/min => 200C(10min) => 10C/min => 290C(10min)
CapillaryDB-1649.Cramer, Mattinson, et al., 200560. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 33C(5min) => 2C/min => 50c => 5C/min => 225C
CapillaryHP-5680.Thierry, Maillard, et al., 200560. m/0.32 mm/1. μm; Program: not specified
CapillaryHP-5686.Garcia-Estaban, Ansorena, et al., 200450. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm; Program: 40C(10min) => 5C/min => 200C => 20C/min => 250C(5min)
CapillaryDB-5686.Garcia-Estaban, Ansorena, et al., 2004, 250. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm; Program: 40C(10min) => 5C/min => 200C => 20C/min => 250C (5min)
CapillaryHP-1665.Junkes, Amboni, et al., 2004Program: not specified
CapillarySE-30672.Vinogradov, 2004Program: not specified
CapillarySPB-5678.Begnaud, Pérès, et al., 200360. m/0.32 mm/1. μm; Program: not specified
CapillaryHP-5653.Jordán, Margaría, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(6min) => 2.5C/min => 150C => 90C/min => 250C
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane665.Junkes, Castanho, et al., 2003Program: not specified
CapillaryBPX-5685.Machiels, van Ruth, et al., 200360. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40C (4min) => 2C/min => 90C => 4C/min => 130C => 8C/min => 250 C (10min)
CapillaryHP-5687.Jordán, Goodner, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
CapillaryHP-5679.Jordán, Goodner, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl phenyl siloxane (not specified)684.Poligne, Collignan, et al., 2002Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone644.N/AProgram: not specified
CapillaryHP-1629.Teai, Claude-Lafontaine, et al., 200150. m/0.32 mm/0.52 μm, N2; Program: 40C => 2C/min => 130C => 4C/min => 250C
CapillaryMethyl Silicone663.Estrada and Gutierrez, 1999Program: not specified
CapillarySE-54684.Ding, Deng, et al., 1998Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Program: not specified
CapillarySPB-1669.Flanagan, Streete, et al., 199760. m/0.53 mm/5. μm, He; Program: 40C(6min) => 5C/min => 80C => 10C/min => 200C
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxanes670.Zenkevich and Chupalov, 1996Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone676.Misharina, 1995Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-1663.Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 199460. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-1663.Ciccioli, Brancaleoni, et al., 199360. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 3 min at 5 C; 5 - 50 C at 3 deg/min; 50 - 220 C at 5 deg/min
CapillarySPB-1669.Strete, Ruprah, et al., 199260. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (6 min) 5 0C/min -> 80 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C
CapillarySPB-1680.Strete, Ruprah, et al., 199260. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-1658.Binder and Flath, 1989Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-1672.MacLeod and Snyder, 1988Program: not specified
Capillarymethyl silicone oil with 5% Igepal664.Schultz, Flath, et al., 1988Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.75 mm; Program: not specified
Capillarymethyl silicone oil with 5% Igepal666.Schultz, Flath, et al., 1988Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.75 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1674.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.639.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1680.Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryCP-Wax CB965.Alves, da Penha, et al., 201230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 2. K/min, 150. C @ 5. min; Tstart: 50. C
CapillaryDB-Wax990.Kumazawa, Itobe, et al., 200830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 5. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 210. C
CapillaryFFAP1001.Nebesny, Budryn, et al., 200730. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, N2, 35. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 320. C @ 45. min
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB981.Povolo, Contarini, et al., 200760. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 8. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB971.Povolo, Contarini, et al., 200760. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 8. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB984.Povolo, Contarini, et al., 200760. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 8. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB982.Povolo, Contarini, et al., 200760. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 8. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min
CapillaryDB-Wax972.Fan and Qian, 200630. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 230. C @ 15. min
CapillaryDB-Wax970.Fan and Qian, 2006, 230. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 40. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min, 230. C @ 15. min
CapillaryDB-Wax992.Qian and Wang, 200560. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Nitrogen, 35. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 235. C @ 30. min
CapillarySupelcowax-101015.Rochat and Chaintreau, 200560. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 240. C @ 20. min
CapillarySupelcowax-101018.Rochat and Chaintreau, 200560. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 240. C @ 20. min
CapillaryZB-Wax983.N/A30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
CapillaryZB-Wax990.N/A30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
CapillaryDB-Wax1025.Chida, Sone, et al., 200460. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, 35. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
CapillaryPEG-20M980.Narain, Almeida, et al., 200450. m/0.20 mm/0.20 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 180. C @ 30. min
CapillaryDB-Wax992.Alves and Franco, 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, H2, 50. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-Wax960.Lee and Noble, 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min, 185. C @ 20. min
CapillaryDB-Wax975.Tanaka, Yamauchi, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 30. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryDB-Wax975.Tanaka, Yamauchi, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 30. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillarySupelcowax-10969.Vichi, Pizzale, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryTC-Wax957.Fukami, Ishiyama, et al., 200260. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 230. C
CapillaryFFAP969.Lecanu, Ducruet, et al., 200230. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 35. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryTC-Wax975.Suhardi, Suzuki, et al., 200260. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-Wax940.Duque, Bonilla, et al., 200130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Tstart: 25. C
CapillaryDB-Wax990.Tamura, Boonbumrung, et al., 2000Nitrogen, 40. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1000.Iwatsuki, Mizota, et al., 19994. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.53 mm; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 210. C
CapillarySupelcowax-10989.Campeanu, Burcea, et al., 199860. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, H2, 35. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
CapillaryDB-Wax971.Horiuchi, Umano, et al., 199860. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 40. min; Tstart: 50. C
CapillaryDB-Wax976.Molleken U., Sinnwell V., et al., 199830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 3. K/min; Tstart: 45. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryDB-Wax966.Sekiwa, Kubota, et al., 1997He, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryHP-Innowax940.Ulrich, Hoberg, et al., 199760. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, H2, 1.5 K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryDB-Wax975.Umano, Hagi, et al., 1995He, 40. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M969.Anker, Jurs, et al., 19902. K/min; Column length: 80. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Tstart: 70. C; Tend: 170. C
CapillaryDB-Wax975.Binder, Turner, et al., 19904. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tstart: 50. C
CapillarySP-10001025.De Llano D.G., Ramos M., et al., 199025. m/0.2 mm/0.43 μm, N2, 4. K/min, 190. C @ 30. min; Tstart: 60. C
CapillaryDB-Wax971.Binder and Flath, 198950. C @ 0.1 min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryCarbowax 20M990.Buttery, Xu, et al., 198560. C @ 40. min, 1. K/min; Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.66 mm; Tend: 170. C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M981.Labropoulos, Palmer, et al., 1982Helium, 10. K/min; Column length: 31. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 200. C

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-Wax966.Gyawali and Kim, 201260. m/0.20 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (3 min) 2 0C/min -> 150 0C 4 0C/min -> 220 0C (20 min) 5 0C/min -> 230 0C
CapillaryDB-Wax1005.Miyazaki, Plotto, et al., 201160. m/0.25 mm/0.50 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C 4 0C/min -> 230 0C 100 0C/min -> 260 0C (11.7 min)
CapillaryCP-Wax 52 CB982.Povolo, Cabassi, et al., 2011Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-Wax969.Gyawali and Kim, 200960. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (3 min) 2 0C/min -> 150 0C 4 0C/min -> 220 0C (20 min)
CapillarySupelcowax-10979.Berard, Bianchi, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 6C/min => 60C => 4C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
CapillarySupelcowax-10980.Berard, Bianchi, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 6C/min => 60C => 4C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
CapillaryHP-FFAP944.Carrapiso and Garsia, 200730. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 35 0C (10 min) 10 0C/min -> 150 0C 20 0C/min -> 250 0C (10 min)
CapillaryHP-Innowax983.Narain, Galvao, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 30C(5min) => 7C/min => 100C(5min) => 1C/min => 130C => 10C/min => 195C(45min)
CapillaryHP-Innowax983.Narain, Galvao, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 30C(5min) => 7C/min => 100C(5min) => 1C/min => 130C => 10C/min => 195C(45min)
CapillarySupelcowax-10942.Kourkoutas, Kandylis, et al., 200660. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(3min) => 5C/min => 110C => 10C/min => 240C (10min)
CapillaryHP-Innowax975.Quijano and Pino, 200660. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Nitrogen; Program: 50 0C (4 min) -> 40 0C 4 0C/min -> 220 0C
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB1009.Jales, Maia, et al., 2005Hydrogen; Program: not specified
CapillaryInnowax996.Junkes, Amboni, et al., 2004Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-Wax970.Kim. J.H., Ahn, et al., 200460. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 60 0C (3 min) 2 0C/min -> 150 0C 4 0C/min -> 200 0C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M969.Vinogradov, 2004Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-Wax966.Miranda, Nogueira, et al., 200130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 25 0C (0.5 min) 50 K/min -> 50 0C 3.5 K/min -> 150 0C 7.5 K/min -> 240 0C
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB986.Muresan, Eillebrecht, et al., 200050. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm; Program: 40C(10min) => 3C/min => 190C => 10C/min => 250C(5min)
CapillaryDB-Wax992.Peng, Yang, et al., 1991Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-Wax975.Binder and Flath, 1989Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryCarbowax 400, Carbowax 20M, Carbowax 1540, Carbowax 4000, Superox 06, PEG 20M, etc.983.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryCarbowax 400, Carbowax 20M, Carbowax 1540, Carbowax 4000, Superox 06, PEG 20M, etc.984.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

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Oetting, 1965, 2
Oetting, F.L., Absolute Entropies of the Methyl Alkyl Ketones 1t 298.15 K, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1965, 10, 122-5. [all data]

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Meyer and Wagner, 1966
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Collerson, Counsell, et al., 1965, 2
Collerson, R.R.; Counsell, J.F.; Handley, R.; Martin, J.F.; Sprake, C.H.S., Thermodynamic Properties of Organic Oxygen Compounds. Part XV. Purification and Vapour Pressures of Some Ketones and Ethers, J. Chem. Soc., 1965, 3697-3700, https://doi.org/10.1039/jr9650003697 . [all data]

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Haas, M.J.; Harrison, A.G., The Fragmentation of Proton-Bound Cluster Ions and the Gas-Phase Acidities of Alcohols, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc., 1993, 124, 2, 115, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(93)80003-W . [all data]

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McMahon, T.B.; Ohanessian, G., An Experimental and Ab Initio Study of the Nature of the Binding in Gas-Phase Complexes of Sodium Ions, Chem. Eur. J., 2000, 6, 16, 2931, https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3765(20000818)6:16<2931::AID-CHEM2931>3.0.CO;2-7 . [all data]

Connett, 1970
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Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Ashmore and Burgess, 1978
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Vilesov, 1960
Vilesov, F.I., The photoionization of vapors of compounds whose molecules contain carbonyl groups, Dokl. Phys. Chem., 1960, 132, 521, In original 1332. [all data]

Olivato, Guerrero, et al., 1984
Olivato, P.R.; Guerrero, S.A.; Modelli, A.; Granozzi, G.; Jones, D.; Distefano, G., Electronic interaction in heterosubstituted acetones studied by means of ultraviolet photoelectron and electron transmission spectroscopy, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2, 1984, 1505. [all data]

Benoit and Harrison, 1977
Benoit, F.M.; Harrison, A.G., Predictive value of proton affinity. Ionization energy correlations involving oxygenated molecules, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1977, 99, 3980. [all data]

Potzinger and Bunau, 1969
Potzinger, P.; Bunau, G.v., Empirische Beruksichtigung von Uberschussenergien bei der Auftrittspotentialbestimmung, Ber. Bunsen-Ges. Phys. Chem., 1969, 73, 466. [all data]

Holmes and Lossing, 1980
Holmes, J.L.; Lossing, F.P., Gas-phase heats of formation of keto and enol ions of carbonyl compounds., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1980, 102, 1591. [all data]

Hu, Lu, et al., 2006
Hu, X.-F.; Lu, C.-H.; Yin, C.-S., Modeling Gas Chromatographic Retention Indices of Oxygen-containing Compounds by Novel Atom-type Topological Indices, Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics, 2006, 19, 3, 243-247, https://doi.org/10.1360/cjcp2006.19(3).243.5 . [all data]

Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003
Ciaznska-Halarewicz, K.; Kowalska, T., A study of the dependence of the Kováts retention index on the temperature of analysis on stationary phases of different polarity, Acta Chromatogr., 2003, 13, 69-80. [all data]

Ciazynska-Halarewicz, Borucka, et al., 2002
Ciazynska-Halarewicz, K.; Borucka, H.E.; Kowalska, T., Temperature dependence of Kováts indices in gas chromatography. Statistical and thermodynamic verification of a 'kinetic' model, Acta Chromatogr., 2002, 12, 65-79. [all data]

Héberger, Görgényi, et al., 2002
Héberger, K.; Görgényi, M.; Kowalska, T., Temperature dependence of Kováts indices in gas chromatography revisited, J. Chromatogr. A, 2002, 973, 1-2, 135-142, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(02)01198-6 . [all data]

Castello, Vezzani, et al., 1999
Castello, G.; Vezzani, S.; Gardella, L., Influence of temperature on the polarity of porous polymer beads stationary phases for gas chromatography, J. Chromatogr. A, 1999, 837, 1-2, 153-170, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00058-8 . [all data]

Héberger and Görgényi, 1999
Héberger, K.; Görgényi, M., Principal component analysis of Kováts indices for carbonyl compounds in capillary gas chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1999, 845, 1-2, 21-31, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00323-4 . [all data]

Golovnya, Syomina, et al., 1997
Golovnya, R.V.; Syomina, L.A.; Samusenko, A.L., Temperature changes of sorption parameters of di-n-alkylketones and methylcyclohexanones in capillary gas chromatography, Russ. Chem. Bull. (Engl. Transl.), 1997, 46, 2, 314-318, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02494370 . [all data]

Castello, Vezzani, et al., 1994
Castello, G.; Vezzani, S.; Moretti, P., The selectivity and polarity of carbon layer open tubular capillary columns modified with a polar liquid phase, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1994, 17, 1, 31-36, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170108 . [all data]

Cha and Lee, 1994
Cha, K.-W.; Lee, D.-J., Prediction of retention indices of various compounds in gas-liquid chromatography, J. Korean Chem. Soc., 1994, 38, 2, 108-120, retrieved from http://journal.kcsnet.or.kr/publi/dh/dh94n2/108.pdf. [all data]

Gawdzik and Matynia, 1994
Gawdzik, B.; Matynia, T., Characterization of methacrylic ester of p,p'-dihydroxydiphenylpropane diglicydyl ether - divinylbenzene porous copolymers for GC, Chromatographia, 1994, 38, 9/10, 643-648, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02277169 . [all data]

Kowalski, 1992
Kowalski, W.J., Free radical crosslinking of the gas chromatographic stationary phase containing europium chelates, Chromatographia, 1992, 34, 5-8, 266-268, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02268356 . [all data]

Reddy, Dutoit, et al., 1992
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Grigor'eva, Vasil'ev, et al., 1989
Grigor'eva, D.N.; Vasil'ev, A.V.; Golovnya, R.V., Variation in retention indices and equivalent chain lengths of homologous series of n-alkyl acetates, n-alkyl methyl ketones, and methyl esters of aliphatic carboxylic acids as a function of homolog number and analysis temperature, Zh. Anal. Khim., 1989, 44, 1, 68-73. [all data]

Maeck, Touabet, et al., 1989
Maeck, M.; Touabet, A.; Badjah Hadj Ahmed, A.Y.; Meklati, B.Y., A numerical interpolation of Kováts indices without dead time correction, Chromatographia, 1989, 27, 5/6, 205-208, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02260447 . [all data]

Fernández-Sánchez, Fernández-Torres, et al., 1987
Fernández-Sánchez, E.; Fernández-Torres, A.; García-Domínguez, J.A.; García-Muñoz, J.; Menéndez, V.; Molera, M.J.; Santiuste, J.M.; Pertierra-Rimada, E., Mixed stationary phases in gas-liquid chromatography. Partition coefficients and retention indices in OV-101-OV-25, OV-101-Carbowax 20M and OV-225-SP-2340 mixtures, J. Chromatogr., 1987, 410, 13-29, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)90031-1 . [all data]

Svetlova, Samusenko, et al., 1986
Svetlova, N.I.; Samusenko, A.L.; Golovnya, R.V., Advantage of the universal equation over the linear equation for the calculation of retention parameters of homologous series in capillary chromatography, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1986, 9, 12, 737-740, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240091205 . [all data]

Wang and Sun, 1985
Wang, T.; Sun, Y., Correlation of Retention Indices obtained with Two Temperature Programmes, J. Chromatogr., 1985, 330, 167-171, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)81973-7 . [all data]

Stolyarov and Kartsova, 1984
Stolyarov, B.V.; Kartsova, L.A., Comparative experimental estimation of polarity and selectivity of stationary phases in gas chromatography by means of Forschneider-McReynolds constants and on the basis of thermodynamic characteristics, Zh. Anal. Khim., 1984, 39, 5, 883-889. [all data]

Tiess, 1984
Tiess, D., Gaschromatographische Retentionsindices von 125 leicht- bis mittelflüchtigen organischen Substanzen toxikologisch-analytischer Relevanz auf SE-30, Wiss. Z. Wilhelm-Pieck-Univ. Rostock Math. Naturwiss. Reihe, 1984, 33, 6-9. [all data]

Valko, Papp, et al., 1984
Valko, K.; Papp, O.; Darvas, F., Selection of Gas Chromatographic Stationary Phase Pairs for Characterization of the 1-Octanol-Water Partition Coefficient, J. Chromatogr., 1984, 301, 355-364, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)89210-4 . [all data]

Castello and D'Amato, 1983
Castello, G.; D'Amato, G., Classification of the Polarity of porous polymer bead stationary phases by comparison with squalane and apolane standard liquid phases, J. Chromatogr., 1983, 269, 153-160, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)90798-8 . [all data]

Winskowski, 1983
Winskowski, J., Gaschromatographische Identifizierung von Stoffen anhand von Indexziffem und unterschiedlichen Detektoren, Chromatographia, 1983, 17, 3, 160-165, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02271041 . [all data]

Haken, Nguyen, et al., 1979
Haken, J.K.; Nguyen, A.; Wainwright, M.S., Application of linear extrathermodynamic relationships to alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, amd ethoxy alcohols, J. Chromatogr., 1979, 179, 1, 75-85, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)80658-5 . [all data]

Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978
Bogoslovsky, Yu.N.; Anvaer, B.I.; Vigdergauz, M.S., Chromatographic constants in gas chromatography (in Russian), Standards Publ. House, Moscow, 1978, 192. [all data]

Golovnya and Misharina, 1977
Golovnya, R.V.; Misharina, T.A., Characterization of the selectivity of stationary phases from the partial molar free energies of solution of standards, Chromatographia, 1977, 10, 11, 658-660, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02268893 . [all data]

Riedo, Fritz, et al., 1976
Riedo, F.; Fritz, D.; Tarján, G.; Kováts, E.Sz., A tailor-made C87 hydrocarbon as a possible non-polar standard stationary phase for gas chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1976, 126, 63-83, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)84063-2 . [all data]

Haken, Ho, et al., 1975
Haken, J.K.; Ho, D.K.M.; Vaughan, C.E., Gas chromatography of homologous esters. VII. The retention behaviour of pyruvate esters and related carbonyl and carboxyl compounds, J. Chromatogr., 1975, 106, 2, 317-325, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)93839-1 . [all data]

Ashes and Haken, 1974
Ashes, J.R.; Haken, J.K., Gas chromatography of homologous esters. VI. Structure-retention increments of aliphatic esters, J. Chromatogr., 1974, 101, 1, 103-123, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)94737-5 . [all data]

Mira and Sanchez, 1970
Mira, J.M.; Sanchez, L.G., Polarity of the Gas Chromatographic Stationary Phases and Retention Indices of Aliphatic Esters, Ketones and Alcohols, Anal. Chim. Acta., 1970, 50, 2, 315-321, https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2670(70)80071-X . [all data]

Brown, Chapman, et al., 1968
Brown, I.; Chapman, I.L.; Nicholson, G.J., Gas chromatography of polar solutes in electron acceptor stationary phases, Aust. J. Chem., 1968, 21, 5, 1125-1141, https://doi.org/10.1071/CH9681125 . [all data]

Wehrli and Kováts, 1959
Wehrli, A.; Kováts, E., Gas-chromatographische Charakterisierung ogranischer Verbindungen. Teil 3: Berechnung der Retentionsindices aliphatischer, alicyclischer und aromatischer Verbindungen, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1959, 7, 7, 2709-2736, https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19590420745 . [all data]

Rembold, Wallner, et al., 1989
Rembold, H.; Wallner, P.; Nitz, S.; Kollmannsberger, H.; Drawert, F., Volatile components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seed, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1989, 37, 3, 659-662, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00087a018 . [all data]

Ohnishi and Shibamoto, 1984
Ohnishi, S.; Shibamoto, T., Volatile compounds from heated beef fat and beef fat with glycine, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1984, 32, 5, 987-992, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00125a008 . [all data]

SGE, 2005
SGE, Guide to GC column selection, 2005, retrieved from http://www.sge.com/htm/support/productselection/prodselgc.asp. [all data]

Castello, Timossi, et al., 1988
Castello, G.; Timossi, A.; Gerbino, T.C., Gas Chromatographic Separation of Halogenated Compounds on Non-Polar and Polar Wide Bore Capillary Columns, J. Chromatogr., 1988, 454, 129-143, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)88608-2 . [all data]

Moffat, Stead, et al., 1974
Moffat, A.C.; Stead, A.H.; Smalldon, K.W., Optimum use of paper, thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography for the identification of basic drugs. III. Gas-liquid chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1974, 90, 1, 19-33, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)94770-3 . [all data]

Orav, Kuningas, et al., 1994
Orav, A.; Kuningas, K.; Kailas, T.; Koplimets, E.; Rang, S., Effect of adsorption on the retention values in capillary columns coated with OV-225 and PEG 20M, J. Chromatogr. A, 1994, 659, 1, 143-150, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(94)85016-X . [all data]

Kersten and Poole, 1987
Kersten, B.R.; Poole, C.F., Influence of concurrent retention mechanisms on the determination of stationary phase selectivity in gas chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1987, 399, 1-31, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)96108-9 . [all data]

Tatsuka, Suekane, et al., 1990
Tatsuka, K.; Suekane, S.; Sakai, Y.; Sumitani, H., Volatile constituents of kiwi fruit flowers: simultaneous distillation and extraction versus headspace sampling, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1990, 38, 12, 2176-2180, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00102a015 . [all data]

Galt and MacLeod, 1984
Galt, A.M.; MacLeod, G., Headspace sampling of cooked beef aroma using Tenax GC, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1984, 32, 1, 59-64, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00121a016 . [all data]

Tressl, Friese, et al., 1978
Tressl, R.; Friese, L.; Fendesack, F.; Köppler, H., Gas chromatographic--mass spectrometric investigation of hop aroma constituents in beer, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1978, 26, 6, 1422-1426, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60220a037 . [all data]

Slizhov and Gavrilenko, 2001
Slizhov, Yu.G.; Gavrilenko, M.A., Effect of thermal treatment of poly(ethylene glycol) modified with europium acetylacetonate on its chromatographic properties, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 2001, 75, 6, 1012-1013. [all data]

Methven L., Tsoukka M., et al., 2007
Methven L.; Tsoukka M.; Oruna-Concha M.J.; Parker J.K.; Mottram D.S., Influence of sulfur amino acids on the volatile and nonvolatile components of cooked salmon (Salmo salar), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 4, 1427-1436, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0625611 . [all data]

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Bylaite, E.; Meyer, A.S., · Characterisation of volatile aroma compounds of orange juices by three dynamic and static headspace gas chromatography techniques, Eur. Food Res. Technol., 2006, 222, 1-2, 176-184, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-005-0141-8 . [all data]

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Osorio, C.; Alarcon, M.; Moreno, C.; Bonilla, A.; Barrios, J.; Garzon, C.; Duque, C., Characterization of Odor-Active Volatiles in Champa ( Campomanesia lineatifolia R. P.), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 2, 509-516, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf052098c . [all data]

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Hierro, E.; de la Hoz, L.; Ordóñez, J.A., Headspace volatile compounds from salted and occasionally smoked dried meats (cecinas) as affected by animal species, Food Chem., 2004, 85, 4, 649-657, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.07.001 . [all data]

Píno, Marbot, et al., 2004
Píno, J.A.; Marbot, R.; Vázquez, C., Volatile components of the fruits of Vangueria madagascariensis J. F. Gmel. from Cuba, J. Essent. Oil Res., 2004, 16, 4, 302-304, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2004.9698727 . [all data]

Siegmund and Murkovic, 2004
Siegmund, B.; Murkovic, M., Changes in chemical composition of pumpkin seeds during the roasting process for production of pumpkin seed oil (Part 2: volatile compounds), Food Chem., 2004, 84, 3, 367-374, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(03)00241-3 . [all data]

Bruna, Hierro, et al., 2003
Bruna, J.M.; Hierro, E.M.; de la Hoz, L.; Mottram, D.S.; Fernández, M.; Ordóñez, J.A., Changes in selected biochemical and sensory parameters as affected by the superficial inoculation of Penicillium camemberti on dry fermented sausages, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 2003, 85, 1-2, 111-125, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1605(02)00505-6 . [all data]

Censullo, Jones, et al., 2003
Censullo, A.C.; Jones, D.R.; Wills, M.T., Speciation of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in solventborne aerosol coatings by solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography, J. Coat. Technol., 2003, 75, 936, 47-53, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02697922 . [all data]

Pino, Almora, et al., 2003
Pino, J.; Almora, K.; Marbot, R., Volatile components of papaya (Carica papaya L., maradol variety) fruit, Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 6, 492-496, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1248 . [all data]

Pino, Marbot, et al., 2003
Pino, J.; Marbot, R.; Rosado, A.; Vázquez, C., Volatile constituents of fruits of Garcinia dulcis Kurz. from Cuba, Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 4, 271-274, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1187 . [all data]

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Notes

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