Glyoxal
- Formula: C2H2O2
- Molecular weight: 58.0361
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 107-22-2
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Other names: Ethanedial; Biformal; Biformyl; Diformyl; Ethanedione; Glyoxal aldehyde; Glyoxylaldehyde; Oxal; Oxalaldehyde; 1,2-Ethanedione; (CHO)2; Diformal; Ethane-1,2-dione; Ethandial; Aerotex glyoxal 40; ODIX; Protectol GL 40
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Gas phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔfH°gas | -50.66 ± 0.19 | kcal/mol | Cm | Fletcher and Pilcher, 1970 | ALS |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔcH°gas | -205.76 ± 0.18 | kcal/mol | Cm | Fletcher and Pilcher, 1970 | Corresponding ΔfHºgas = -50.66 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS |
Constant pressure heat capacity of gas
Cp,gas (cal/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
8.690 | 50. | Thermodynamics Research Center, 1997 | p=1 bar. Recommended entropies and heat capacities are in close agreement with other statistically calculated values [ Compton D.A.C., 1977, Hollenstein H., 1980]. Calculation [ Natarajan A., 1982] seems to be erroneous.; GT |
9.900 | 100. | ||
10.98 | 150. | ||
12.07 | 200. | ||
13.77 | 273.15 | ||
14.40 | 298.15 | ||
14.44 | 300. | ||
17.02 | 400. | ||
19.46 | 500. | ||
21.54 | 600. | ||
23.20 | 700. | ||
24.484 | 800. | ||
25.480 | 900. | ||
26.257 | 1000. | ||
26.874 | 1100. | ||
27.371 | 1200. | ||
27.777 | 1300. | ||
28.114 | 1400. | ||
28.39 | 1500. |
Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess
View reactions leading to C2H2O2+ (ion structure unspecified)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IE (evaluated) | 10.2 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Electron affinity determinations
EA (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
0.62 ± 0.26 | R-A | Compton, Reinhardt, et al., 1983 | From ethylene carbonate; G3MP2B3 calculations indicate an EA of ca. 1.0 eV; B |
Ionization energy determinations
IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
10.2 | PE | Buhl, Kramme, et al., 1991 | LL |
10.21 | PI | Traeger, 1985 | LBLHLM |
9.48 ± 0.08 | EI | Reed and Brand, 1958 | RDSH |
10.60 ± 0.05 | PE | Verheijdt and Cerfontain, 1982 | Vertical value; LBLHLM |
10.60 | PE | Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981 | Vertical value; LLK |
10.6 | PE | Von Niessen, Bieri, et al., 1980 | Vertical value; LLK |
10.52 | PE | Arnett, Newkome, et al., 1974 | Vertical value; LLK |
Appearance energy determinations
Ion | AE (eV) | Other Products | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CHO+ | 11.20 | HCO | PI | Traeger, 1985 | LBLHLM |
CHO+ | 12.72 ± 0.12 | CHO | EI | Reed and Brand, 1958 | RDSH |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Fletcher and Pilcher, 1970
Fletcher, R.A.; Pilcher, G.,
Measurements of heats of combustion by flame calorimetry,
Trans. Faraday Soc., 1970, 66, 794-799. [all data]
Thermodynamics Research Center, 1997
Thermodynamics Research Center,
Selected Values of Properties of Chemical Compounds., Thermodynamics Research Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 1997. [all data]
Compton D.A.C., 1977
Compton D.A.C.,
Values for the gas-phase thermodynamic functions of conjugated compounds existing as a mixture of conformers,
J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2, 1977, 1307-1311. [all data]
Hollenstein H., 1980
Hollenstein H.,
Sum of states, isomeric group and symmetry number of nonrigid molecules,
Chem. Phys., 1980, 47, 269-285. [all data]
Natarajan A., 1982
Natarajan A.,
Vibrational analysis of glyoxal-h2, -d2 and -hd,
J. Indian Chem. Soc., 1982, 59, 1156-1157. [all data]
Compton, Reinhardt, et al., 1983
Compton, R.N.; Reinhardt, P.W.; Schweinler, H.C.,
Formation of gas-phase negative ions in vinylene carbonate,
Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1983, 49, 113. [all data]
Buhl, Kramme, et al., 1991
Buhl, M.; Kramme, R.; Martin, H.; Mayer, B.; Nowack, G.,
Konformation und lichtabsorption von hexa-1,5-den-3,4-dion (divinylglyoxal),
Chem. Ber., 1991, 124, 821. [all data]
Traeger, 1985
Traeger, J.C.,
Heat of formation for the formyl cation by photoionization mass spectrometry,
Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 1985, 66, 271. [all data]
Reed and Brand, 1958
Reed, R.I.; Brand, J.C.D.,
Electron impact studies. Part 4. Glyoxal, methylglyoxal and diacetyl,
J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 1958, 54, 478. [all data]
Verheijdt and Cerfontain, 1982
Verheijdt, P.L.; Cerfontain, H.,
Dipole moments, spectroscopy, and ground and excited state conformations of cycloalkane-1,2-diones,
J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2, 1982, 1541. [all data]
Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S.,
Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules
in Handbook of HeI Photoelectron Spectra of Fundamental Organic Compounds, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, 1981. [all data]
Von Niessen, Bieri, et al., 1980
Von Niessen, W.; Bieri, G.; Asbrink, L.,
30.4 nm He(II) photoelectron spectra of organic molecules. Part III. Oxo-compounds (C,H,O),
J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1980, 21, 175. [all data]
Arnett, Newkome, et al., 1974
Arnett, J.F.; Newkome, G.; Mattice, W.L.; McGlynn, S.P.,
Excited electronic states of the α-dicarbonyls,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1974, 96, 4385. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References
- Symbols used in this document:
AE Appearance energy Cp,gas Constant pressure heat capacity of gas EA Electron affinity IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy ΔcH°gas Enthalpy of combustion of gas at standard conditions ΔfH°gas Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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