Glyoxal
- Formula: C2H2O2
- Molecular weight: 58.0361
- IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C2H2O2/c3-1-2-4/h1-2H
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 107-22-2
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Other names: Ethanedial; Biformal; Biformyl; Diformyl; Ethanedione; Glyoxal aldehyde; Glyoxylaldehyde; Oxal; Oxalaldehyde; 1,2-Ethanedione; (CHO)2; Diformal; Ethane-1,2-dione; Ethandial; Aerotex glyoxal 40; ODIX; Protectol GL 40
- Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
- Information on this page:
- Other data available:
- Data at other public NIST sites:
- Options:
Phase change data
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tboil | 323.6 | K | N/A | Weast and Grasselli, 1989 |
Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Phase change data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess
View reactions leading to C2H2O2+ (ion structure unspecified)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IE (evaluated) | 10.2 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Electron affinity determinations
| EA (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.62 ± 0.26 | R-A | Compton, Reinhardt, et al., 1983 | From ethylene carbonate; G3MP2B3 calculations indicate an EA of ca. 1.0 eV; B |
Ionization energy determinations
| IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10.2 | PE | Buhl, Kramme, et al., 1991 | LL |
| 10.21 | PI | Traeger, 1985 | LBLHLM |
| 9.48 ± 0.08 | EI | Reed and Brand, 1958 | RDSH |
| 10.60 ± 0.05 | PE | Verheijdt and Cerfontain, 1982 | Vertical value; LBLHLM |
| 10.60 | PE | Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981 | Vertical value; LLK |
| 10.6 | PE | Von Niessen, Bieri, et al., 1980 | Vertical value; LLK |
| 10.52 | PE | Arnett, Newkome, et al., 1974 | Vertical value; LLK |
Appearance energy determinations
| Ion | AE (eV) | Other Products | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CHO+ | 11.20 | HCO | PI | Traeger, 1985 | LBLHLM |
| CHO+ | 12.72 ± 0.12 | CHO | EI | Reed and Brand, 1958 | RDSH |
IR Spectrum
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Condensed Phase Spectrum
Notice: This spectrum may be better viewed with a Javascript and HTML 5 enabled browser.
Additional Data
View image of digitized spectrum (can be printed in landscape orientation).
View spectrum image in SVG format.
Download spectrum in JCAMP-DX format.
Detailed documentation for this spectrum is available.
| Owner | Public domain |
|---|---|
| Origin | Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Under IARPA Contract |
| Date | March 2017 |
| State | liquid |
| Instrument | Bruker Tensor 27 FTIR |
| Instrument resolution | 2.0 cm-1 |
| IR source | Silicon carbide glow bar |
| Aperture | 3 mm |
| Beam splitter | Broadband potassium bromide (KBr) |
| Detector | DLTGS at room temperature |
| Scanner velocity | 10 kHz |
| Phase correction | Mertz |
| Interferogram zero fill | 4x |
| Spectral interval after zero fill | 0.4823 cm-1 |
| Spectral range | 7800 to 400 cm-1 (1.282 to 25 microns) |
| Resolution | 0.4821395 |
| Apodization | Norton-Beer, Medium |
| Folding limits | 15802 to 0 cm-1 |
| Number of interferograms averaged per single channel spectrum | 128 |
Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Spectrum
Notice: This spectrum may be better viewed with a Javascript and HTML 5 enabled browser.
Additional Data
View image of digitized spectrum (can be printed in landscape orientation).
Due to licensing restrictions, this spectrum cannot be downloaded.
| Owner | NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. |
|---|---|
| NIST MS number | 137 |
References
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Weast and Grasselli, 1989
CRC Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds, 2nd Editon, Weast,R.C and Grasselli, J.G., ed(s)., CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 1989, 1. [all data]
Compton, Reinhardt, et al., 1983
Compton, R.N.; Reinhardt, P.W.; Schweinler, H.C.,
Formation of gas-phase negative ions in vinylene carbonate,
Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1983, 49, 113. [all data]
Buhl, Kramme, et al., 1991
Buhl, M.; Kramme, R.; Martin, H.; Mayer, B.; Nowack, G.,
Konformation und lichtabsorption von hexa-1,5-den-3,4-dion (divinylglyoxal),
Chem. Ber., 1991, 124, 821. [all data]
Traeger, 1985
Traeger, J.C.,
Heat of formation for the formyl cation by photoionization mass spectrometry,
Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 1985, 66, 271. [all data]
Reed and Brand, 1958
Reed, R.I.; Brand, J.C.D.,
Electron impact studies. Part 4. Glyoxal, methylglyoxal and diacetyl,
J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 1958, 54, 478. [all data]
Verheijdt and Cerfontain, 1982
Verheijdt, P.L.; Cerfontain, H.,
Dipole moments, spectroscopy, and ground and excited state conformations of cycloalkane-1,2-diones,
J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2, 1982, 1541. [all data]
Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S.,
Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules
in Handbook of HeI Photoelectron Spectra of Fundamental Organic Compounds, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, 1981. [all data]
Von Niessen, Bieri, et al., 1980
Von Niessen, W.; Bieri, G.; Asbrink, L.,
30.4 nm He(II) photoelectron spectra of organic molecules. Part III. Oxo-compounds (C,H,O),
J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1980, 21, 175. [all data]
Arnett, Newkome, et al., 1974
Arnett, J.F.; Newkome, G.; Mattice, W.L.; McGlynn, S.P.,
Excited electronic states of the α-dicarbonyls,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1974, 96, 4385. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References
- Symbols used in this document:
AE Appearance energy EA Electron affinity IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy Tboil Boiling point - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
- The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
- Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.