Propanenitrile
- Formula: C3H5N
- Molecular weight: 55.0785
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 107-12-0
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Isotopologues:
- Other names: Propionitrile; Cyanoethane; Ether cyanatus; Ethyl cyanide; Hydrocyanic ether; Propionic nitrile; Propiononitrile; Propylnitrile; C2H5CN; Ethylkyanid; Propannitril; Rcra waste number P101; UN 2404; n-Propanenitrile; NSC 7966
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Gas phase thermochemistry data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔfH°gas | 51.46 | kJ/mol | Ccr | Hall and Baldt, 1971 |
Reaction thermochemistry data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.
Individual Reactions
C3H4N- + =
By formula: C3H4N- + H+ = C3H5N
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 1569. ± 8.8 | kJ/mol | G+TS | Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979 | gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 1537. ± 8.4 | kJ/mol | IMRE | Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979 | gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B |
C3H4N- + =
By formula: C3H4N- + H+ = C3H5N
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 1640. ± 21. | kJ/mol | G+TS | Merrill, Dahlke, et al., 1996 | gas phase; comparable to H2O.; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 1607. ± 21. | kJ/mol | IMRB | Merrill, Dahlke, et al., 1996 | gas phase; comparable to H2O.; B |
By formula: Na+ + C3H5N = (Na+ • C3H5N)
Free energy of reaction
ΔrG° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
103. | 298. | IMRE | McMahon and Ohanessian, 2000 | Anchor alanine=39.89; RCD |
By formula: C3H5N = C3H5N
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -90.0 ± 4.2 | kJ/mol | Cm | Baghal-Vayjooee, Collister, et al., 1977 | gas phase; Heat of isomerization; ALS |
Gas phase ion energetics data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
View reactions leading to C3H5N+ (ion structure unspecified)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IE (evaluated) | 11.85 ± 0.02 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Proton affinity (review) | 794.1 | kJ/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Gas basicity | 763.0 | kJ/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Electron affinity determinations
EA (eV) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|
0.015092 ± 0.000087 | Hammer, Diri, et al., 2003 | B |
Ionization energy determinations
IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
11.5 ± 0.25 | EI | Chess, Lapp, et al., 1982 | LBLHLM |
11.90 | PE | Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981 | LLK |
11.85 ± 0.01 | PE | Staley, Kleckner, et al., 1976 | LLK |
11.85 | PE | Lake and Thompson, 1970 | RDSH |
11.84 ± 0.02 | PI | Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962 | RDSH |
Appearance energy determinations
Ion | AE (eV) | Other Products | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CH2N+ | 14.88 | ? | EI | Heerma, deRidder, et al., 1969 | RDSH |
C2H2+ | 14.70 | ? | EI | Heerma, deRidder, et al., 1969 | RDSH |
C2H3+ | 15.40 | ? | EI | Heerma, deRidder, et al., 1969 | RDSH |
C2H4+ | 12.40 ± 0.05 | HCN | EI | Franklin, Wada, et al., 1966 | RDSH |
C3H4N+ | 13.00 | H | EI | Heerma, deRidder, et al., 1969 | RDSH |
C3H4N+ | 12.55 ± 0.05 | H | EI | Franklin, Wada, et al., 1966 | RDSH |
De-protonation reactions
C3H4N- + =
By formula: C3H4N- + H+ = C3H5N
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 1569. ± 8.8 | kJ/mol | G+TS | Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979 | gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 1537. ± 8.4 | kJ/mol | IMRE | Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979 | gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B |
C3H4N- + =
By formula: C3H4N- + H+ = C3H5N
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 1640. ± 21. | kJ/mol | G+TS | Merrill, Dahlke, et al., 1996 | gas phase; comparable to H2O.; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 1607. ± 21. | kJ/mol | IMRB | Merrill, Dahlke, et al., 1996 | gas phase; comparable to H2O.; B |
Ion clustering data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Robert C. Dunbar
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.
Clustering reactions
By formula: Na+ + C3H5N = (Na+ • C3H5N)
Free energy of reaction
ΔrG° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
103. | 298. | IMRE | McMahon and Ohanessian, 2000 | Anchor alanine=39.89 |
IR Spectrum
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Gas Phase Spectrum
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Notice: Concentration information is not available for this spectrum and, therefore, molar absorptivity values cannot be derived.
Additional Data
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Download spectrum in JCAMP-DX format.
Owner | NIST Standard Reference Data Program Collection (C) 2018 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. |
---|---|
Origin | Sadtler Research Labs Under US-EPA Contract |
State | gas |
Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Spectrum
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Additional Data
View image of digitized spectrum (can be printed in landscape orientation).
Due to licensing restrictions, this spectrum cannot be downloaded.
Owner | NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. |
---|---|
Origin | Japan AIST/NIMC Database- Spectrum MS-NW- 774 |
NIST MS number | 227644 |
Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Takehiko Shimanouchi
Symmetry: Cs Symmetry Number σ = 1
Sym. | No | Approximate | Selected Freq. | Infrared | Raman | Comments | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Species | type of mode | Value | Rating | Value | Phase | Value | Phase | |||
a' | 1 | CH3 d-str | 3001 | C | 3001 VS | liq. | 2999 S | liq. | OV(ν14) | |
a' | 2 | CH2 s-str | 2955 | C | 2955 VS | liq. | 2949 VS p | liq. | ||
a' | 3 | CH3 s-str | 2900 | C | 2900 S | liq. | 2898 S p | liq. | ||
a' | 4 | CN str | 2254 | C | 2254 VS | liq. | 2251 VS p | liq. | ||
a' | 5 | CH3 d-deform | 1465 | C | 1465 S | liq. | 1466 VS p | liq. | SF(ν16) | |
a' | 6 | CH2 scis | 1433 | C | 1433 S | liq. | 1436 M p | liq. | ||
a' | 7 | CH3 s-deform | 1387 | C | 1387 M | liq. | 1374 VW p | liq. | ||
a' | 8 | CH2 wag | 1319 | C | 1319 M | liq. | 1322 W p | liq. | ||
a' | 9 | C-CN str | 1077 | C | 1077 S | liq. | 1078 M p | liq. | ||
a' | 10 | CC str | 1005 | C | 1005 M | liq. | 1010 S p | liq. | ||
a' | 11 | CH3 rock | 836 | C | 836 W | liq. | 838 S p | liq. | ||
a' | 12 | CCC deform | 545 | C | 545 M | liq. | 548 M p | liq. | ||
a' | 13 | CCN bend | 226 | C | 226 M | liq. | 226 M p | liq. | ||
a | 14 | CH3 d-str | 3001 | C | 3001 VS | liq. | 2999 S | liq. | OV(ν1) | |
a | 15 | CH2 a-str | 2849 | C | 2849 S | liq. | 2850 M | liq. | ||
a | 16 | CH3 d-deform | 1465 | C | 1465 S | liq. | 1466 VS dp | liq. | SF(ν5) | |
a | 17 | CH2 twist | 1256 | C | 1256 VW | liq. | 1270 VW dp | liq. | ||
a | 18 | CH3 rock | 1022 | E | CF | |||||
a | 19 | CH2 rock | 786 | C | 786 M | liq. | 784 VW dp | liq. | ||
a | 20 | CCN bend | 378 | C | 378 M | liq. | 378 M dp | liq. | ||
a | 21 | Torsion | 222 | C | MW | |||||
Source: Shimanouchi, 1972
Notes
VS | Very strong |
S | Strong |
M | Medium |
W | Weak |
VW | Very weak |
p | Polarized |
dp | Depolarized |
CF | Calculated frequency |
SF | Calculation shows that the frequency approximately equals that of the vibration indicated in the parentheses. |
OV | Overlapped by band indicated in parentheses. |
MW | Torsional Frequency calculated from microwave spectroscopic data. |
C | 3~6 cm-1 uncertainty |
E | 15~30 cm-1 uncertainty |
Gas Chromatography
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | HP-1 | 100. | 543.33 | Görgényi and Héberger, 2003 | N2; Column length: 30. m; Phase thickness: 3. μm |
Capillary | HP-1 | 110. | 543.83 | Görgényi and Héberger, 2003 | N2; Column length: 30. m; Phase thickness: 3. μm |
Capillary | HP-1 | 120. | 544.44 | Görgényi and Héberger, 2003 | N2; Column length: 30. m; Phase thickness: 3. μm |
Capillary | HP-1 | 130. | 545.05 | Görgényi and Héberger, 2003 | N2; Column length: 30. m; Phase thickness: 3. μm |
Capillary | HP-1 | 140. | 545.79 | Görgényi and Héberger, 2003 | N2; Column length: 30. m; Phase thickness: 3. μm |
Capillary | HP-1 | 150. | 546.65 | Görgényi and Héberger, 2003 | N2; Column length: 30. m; Phase thickness: 3. μm |
Capillary | HP-1 | 160. | 547.65 | Görgényi and Héberger, 2003 | N2; Column length: 30. m; Phase thickness: 3. μm |
Capillary | HP-1 | 170. | 548.60 | Görgényi and Héberger, 2003 | N2; Column length: 30. m; Phase thickness: 3. μm |
Capillary | HP-1 | 180. | 549.63 | Görgényi and Héberger, 2003 | N2; Column length: 30. m; Phase thickness: 3. μm |
Capillary | HP-1 | 190. | 550.75 | Görgényi and Héberger, 2003 | N2; Column length: 30. m; Phase thickness: 3. μm |
Capillary | HP-1 | 20. | 543.13 | Görgényi and Héberger, 2003 | N2; Column length: 30. m; Phase thickness: 3. μm |
Capillary | HP-1 | 30. | 542.69 | Görgényi and Héberger, 2003 | N2; Column length: 30. m; Phase thickness: 3. μm |
Capillary | HP-1 | 40. | 542.41 | Görgényi and Héberger, 2003 | N2; Column length: 30. m; Phase thickness: 3. μm |
Capillary | HP-1 | 50. | 542.29 | Görgényi and Héberger, 2003 | N2; Column length: 30. m; Phase thickness: 3. μm |
Capillary | HP-1 | 60. | 542.32 | Görgényi and Héberger, 2003 | N2; Column length: 30. m; Phase thickness: 3. μm |
Capillary | HP-1 | 70. | 542.38 | Görgényi and Héberger, 2003 | N2; Column length: 30. m; Phase thickness: 3. μm |
Capillary | HP-1 | 80. | 542.60 | Görgényi and Héberger, 2003 | N2; Column length: 30. m; Phase thickness: 3. μm |
Capillary | HP-1 | 90. | 542.90 | Görgényi and Héberger, 2003 | N2; Column length: 30. m; Phase thickness: 3. μm |
Capillary | BPX-5 | 30. | 592. | Aflalaye, Sternberg, et al., 1995 | 12. m/0.15 mm/0.25 μm, H2 |
Capillary | CP Sil 5 CB | 20. | 545.3 | Do and Raulin, 1992 | 25. m/0.15 mm/2. μm, H2 |
Capillary | PoraPLOT Q | 100. | 523. | Do and Raulin, 1989 | 10. m/0.32 mm/10. μm, H2 |
Capillary | PoraPLOT Q | 160. | 527. | Do and Raulin, 1989 | 10. m/0.32 mm/10. μm, H2 |
Packed | SE-30 | 100. | 547. | Winskowski, 1983 | Gaschrom Q; Column length: 2. m |
Packed | Apiezon L | 150. | 533. | Brown, Chapman, et al., 1968 | N2, DCMS-treated Chromosorb W; Column length: 2.3 m |
Packed | Apiezon L | 130. | 524. | Wehrli and Kováts, 1959 | Celite; Column length: 2.25 m |
Packed | Apiezon L | 70. | 510. | Wehrli and Kováts, 1959 | Celite; Column length: 2.25 m |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | DB-5 | 573.7 | Xu, van Stee, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 2.5 K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Polydimethyl siloxane | 105. | 554. | Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009 | |
Capillary | Polydimethyl siloxane | 75. | 554. | Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009 | |
Capillary | Polydimethyl siloxane | 90. | 555. | Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009 | |
Capillary | OV-101 | 32. | 557. | Blazso, Ujszaszi, et al., 1980 | Column length: 20. m; Column diameter: 0.23 mm |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | OV-101 | 544. | Zenkevich, 2005 | 25. m/0.20 mm/0.10 μm, N2/He, 6. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 524. | N/A | Program: not specified |
Capillary | SPB-1 | 539. | Flanagan, Streete, et al., 1997 | 60. m/0.53 mm/5. μm, He; Program: 40C(6min) => 5C/min => 80C => 10C/min => 200C |
Capillary | Polydimethyl siloxanes | 542. | Zenkevich and Chupalov, 1996 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | SPB-1 | 539. | Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992 | 60. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (6 min) 5 0C/min -> 80 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C |
Capillary | SPB-1 | 580. | Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992 | 60. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: not specified |
Capillary | OV-1 | 580. | Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982 | Program: not specified |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | DB-Wax | 1023. | Umano, Hagi, et al., 1995 | He, 40. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 200. C |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Supelcowax 10 | 1046. | Soria, Martinez-Castro, et al., 2008 | 50. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 45 0C (15 min) 3 0C/min -> 75 0C 5 0C/min -> 180 0C (10 min) |
Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1015. | Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982 | Program: not specified |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Gas Chromatography, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Hall and Baldt, 1971
Hall, H.K., Jr.; Baldt, J.H.,
Thermochemistry of strained-ring bridgehead nitriles and esters,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1971, 93, 140-145. [all data]
Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979
Bartmess, J.E.; Scott, J.A.; McIver, R.T., Jr.,
The gas phase acidity scale from methanol to phenol,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 6047. [all data]
Merrill, Dahlke, et al., 1996
Merrill, G.N.; Dahlke, G.D.; Kass, S.R.,
beta-Cyanoethyl Anion: Lusus Naturae,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1996, 118, 18, 4462, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja953796o
. [all data]
McMahon and Ohanessian, 2000
McMahon, T.B.; Ohanessian, G.,
An Experimental and Ab Initio Study of the Nature of the Binding in Gas-Phase Complexes of Sodium Ions,
Chem. Eur. J., 2000, 6, 16, 2931, https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3765(20000818)6:16<2931::AID-CHEM2931>3.0.CO;2-7
. [all data]
Baghal-Vayjooee, Collister, et al., 1977
Baghal-Vayjooee, M.H.; Collister, J.L.; Pritchard, H.O.,
The enthalpy of isomerisation of methyl isocyanide,
Can. J. Chem., 1977, 55, 2634-2636. [all data]
Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G.,
Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018
. [all data]
Hammer, Diri, et al., 2003
Hammer, N.I.; Diri, K.; Jordan, K.D.; Desfrancois, C.; Compton, R.N.,
Dipole-bound anions of carbonyl, nitrile, and sulfoxide containing molecules,
J. Chem. Phys., 2003, 119, 7, 3650-3660, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1590959
. [all data]
Chess, Lapp, et al., 1982
Chess, E.K.; Lapp, R.L.; Gross, M.L.,
The question of tautomerism of alkylnitrile and isonitrile radical cations,
Org. Mass Spectrom., 1982, 17, 475. [all data]
Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S.,
Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules
in Handbook of HeI Photoelectron Spectra of Fundamental Organic Compounds, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, 1981. [all data]
Staley, Kleckner, et al., 1976
Staley, R.H.; Kleckner, J.E.; Beauchamp, J.L.,
Relationship between orbital ionization energies and molecular properties. Proton affinities and photoelectron spectra of nitriles,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1976, 98, 2081. [all data]
Lake and Thompson, 1970
Lake, R.F.; Thompson, H.,
The photoelectron spectra of some molecules containing the C N group,
Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), 1970, A317, 187. [all data]
Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962
Watanabe, K.; Nakayama, T.; Mottl, J.,
Ionization potentials of some molecules,
J. Quant. Spectry. Radiative Transfer, 1962, 2, 369. [all data]
Heerma, deRidder, et al., 1969
Heerma, W.; deRidder, J.J.; Dijkstra, G.,
The electron-impact-induced fragmentation of n-alkyl cyanides,
Org. Mass Spectrom., 1969, 2, 1103. [all data]
Franklin, Wada, et al., 1966
Franklin, J.L.; Wada, Y.; Natalis, P.; Hierl, P.M.,
Ion-molecule reactions in acetonitrile and propionitrile,
J. Phys. Chem., 1966, 70, 2353. [all data]
Shimanouchi, 1972
Shimanouchi, T.,
Tables of Molecular Vibrational Frequencies Consolidated Volume I, National Bureau of Standards, 1972, 1-160. [all data]
Görgényi and Héberger, 2003
Görgényi, M.; Héberger, K.,
Minimum in the temperature dependence of the Kováts retention indices of nitroalkanes and alkanenitriles on an apolar phase,
J. Chromatogr. A, 2003, 985, 1-2, 11-19, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(02)01842-3
. [all data]
Aflalaye, Sternberg, et al., 1995
Aflalaye, A.; Sternberg, R.; Raulin, F.; Vidal-Madjar, C.,
Gas chromatography of Titan's atmosphere. VI. Analysis of low-molecular-mass hydrocarbons and nitriles with BPX5 capillary columns,
J. Chromatogr. A, 1995, 708, 2, 283-291, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(95)00410-O
. [all data]
Do and Raulin, 1992
Do, L.; Raulin, F.,
Gas chromatography of Titan's atmosphere. III. Analysis of low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons and nitriles with a CP-Sil-5 CB WCOT capillary column,
J. Chromatogr., 1992, 591, 1-2, 297-301, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(92)80247-R
. [all data]
Do and Raulin, 1989
Do, L.; Raulin, F.,
Gas chromatography of Titan's atmosphere. I. Analysis of low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons and nitriles with a PoraPLOT Q porous polymer coated open-tubular capillary column,
J. Chromatogr., 1989, 481, 45-54, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)96751-2
. [all data]
Winskowski, 1983
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Notes
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Gas Chromatography, References
- Symbols used in this document:
AE Appearance energy EA Electron affinity IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy T Temperature ΔfH°gas Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions ΔrG° Free energy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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