2-Propenal

• Formula: C₃H₄O
• Molecular weight: 56.0633
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C3H4O/c1-2-3-4/h2-3H,1H2 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 107-02-8
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Other names: Acrolein; Acrylaldehyde; Acrylic Aldehyde; Allyl aldehyde; Aqualin; NSC 8819; Prop-2-En-1-al; Propenal; 2-Propen-1-one; CH2=CHCHO; Acraldehyde; Acraldehydeacroleina; Acroleine; Acrylaldehyd; Akrolein; Akroleina; Aldehyde acrylique; Aldeide acrilica; Aqualine; Crolean; Ethylene aldehyde; Magnacide H; Propylene aldehyde; Slimicide; Acroleina; Magnacide; Rcra waste number P003; UN 1092; 2-Propenaldehyde; (E)-2-propenal
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• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • UV/Visible spectrum
  • Gas Chromatography
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Henry's Law data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
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Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C₃H₄O⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Ionization energy determinations

Appearance energy determinations

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Additional Data

UV/Visible spectrum

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Victor Talrose, Alexander N. Yermakov, Alexy A. Usov, Antonina A. Goncharova, Axlexander N. Leskin, Natalia A. Messineva, Natalia V. Trusova, Margarita V. Efimkina

Spectrum

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Additional Data

Gas Chromatography

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal

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Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program

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Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Normal alkane RI, polar column, isothermal

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Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

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References

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Ohno, Okamura, et al., 1995
Ohno, K.; Okamura, K.; Yamakado, H.; Hoshino, S.; Takami, T.; Yamauchi, M., Penning ionization of HCHO, CH₂CH₂, and CH₂CHCHO by collision with He*(2 3S) metastable atoms, J. Phys. Chem., 1995, 99, 14247. [all data]

Bock, Mohmand, et al., 1982
Bock, H.; Mohmand, S.; Hirabayashi, T.; Semkow, A., Thioacrolein: Das stabilste C₃H₄S-Isomers und sein PE-spektroskopischer Nachweis in der gasphase, Chem. Ber., 1982, 115, 1339. [all data]

Von Niessen, Bieri, et al., 1980
Von Niessen, W.; Bieri, G.; Asbrink, L., 30.4 nm He(II) photoelectron spectra of organic molecules. Part III. Oxo-compounds (C,H,O), J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1980, 21, 175. [all data]

Van Dam and Oskam, 1978
Van Dam, H.; Oskam, A., He(I) and He(II) photoelectron spectra of some substituted ethylenes, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1978, 13, 273. [all data]

Masclet and Mouvier, 1978
Masclet, P.; Mouvier, G., Etude par spectrometrie photoelectronique d'aldehydes et de cetones ethyleniques conjugues, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1978, 14, 77. [all data]

Katrib and Rabalais, 1973
Katrib, A.; Rabalais, J.W., Electronic interaction between the vinyl group and its substituents, J. Phys. Chem., 1973, 77, 2358. [all data]

Reed and Thornley, 1958
Reed, R.I.; Thornley, M.B., Studies in electron impact methods. Part 5. Acetaldehyde, acrolein, benzaldehyde, and propionaldehyde, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 1958, 54, 949. [all data]

Watanabe, 1957
Watanabe, K., Ionization potentials of some molecules, J. Chem. Phys., 1957, 26, 542. [all data]

Walsh, 1945
Walsh, A.D., The absorption spectra of acrolein, crotonaldehyde and mesityl oxide in the vacuum ultra-violet, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 1945, 41, 498. [all data]

Schweig, Vermeer, et al., 1974
Schweig, A.; Vermeer, H.; Weidner, U., A photoelectron spectroscopic study of keto-enol tautomerism in acetylacetones - a new application of photoelectron spectroscopy, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1974, 26, 229. [all data]

Haney and Franklin, 1969
Haney, M.A.; Franklin, J.L., Excess energies in mass spectra of some oxygen-containing organic compounds, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 1969, 65, 1794. [all data]

Cottee and Timmons, 1966
Cottee, F.H.; Timmons, C.J., UV atlas of organic compounds, 1966, 1, B3/8. [all data]

Héberger and Görgényi, 1999
Héberger, K.; Görgényi, M., Principal component analysis of Kováts indices for carbonyl compounds in capillary gas chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1999, 845, 1-2, 21-31, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00323-4 . [all data]

Winskowski, 1983
Winskowski, J., Gaschromatographische Identifizierung von Stoffen anhand von Indexziffem und unterschiedlichen Detektoren, Chromatographia, 1983, 17, 3, 160-165, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02271041 . [all data]

Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978
Bogoslovsky, Yu.N.; Anvaer, B.I.; Vigdergauz, M.S., Chromatographic constants in gas chromatography (in Russian), Standards Publ. House, Moscow, 1978, 192. [all data]

Umano and Shibamoto, 1987
Umano, K.; Shibamoto, T., Analysis of headspace volatiles from overheated beef fat, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1987, 35, 1, 14-18, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00073a004 . [all data]

Helmig, Pollock, et al., 1996
Helmig, D.; Pollock, W.; Greenberg, J.; Zimmerman, P., Gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of volatile organic trace gases at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii, J. Geophys. Res., 1996, 101, D9, 14697-14710, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JD00212 . [all data]

Kaiser and Siegl, 1994
Kaiser, E.W.; Siegl, W.O., High resolution gas chromatographic determination of the atmospheric reactivity of engine-out hydrocarbon emissions from a spark-ignited engine, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1994, 17, 4, 264-270, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170414 . [all data]

Place, Imhof, et al., 2003
Place, R.B.; Imhof, M.; Teuber, M.; Olivier Bosset, J., Distribution of the volatile (flavour) compounds in Raclette cheese produced with different staphylococci in the smear, Mitt. Lebensmittelunters. Hyg., 2003, 94, 192-211. [all data]

Mahadevan and Farmer, 2006
Mahadevan, K.; Farmer, L., Key Odor Impact Compounds in Three Yeast Extract Pastes, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 19, 7242-7250, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf061102x . [all data]

Bianchi, Cantoni, et al., 2007
Bianchi, F.; Cantoni, C.; Careri, M.; Chiesa, L.; Musci, M.; Pinna, A., Characterization of the aromatic profile for the authentication and differentiation of typical Italian dry-sausages, Talanta, 2007, 72, 4, 1552-1563, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2007.02.019 . [all data]

Bianchi, Careri, et al., 2007
Bianchi, F.; Careri, M.; Mangia, A.; Musci, M., Retention indices in the analysis of food aroma volatile compounds in temperature-programmed gas chromatography: Database creation and evaluation of precision and robustness, J. Sep. Sci., 2007, 39, 4, 563-572, https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200600393 . [all data]

Dufka, Malinsky, et al., 1971
Dufka, O.; Malinsky, J.; Vladyka, J., Sorpcni materialy pro plynovou chromatographii - III, Chemicky promysl., 1971, 21/46, 9, 459-463. [all data]

Isidorov, Purzynska, et al., 2006
Isidorov, V.; Purzynska, A.; Modzelewska, A.; Serowiecka, M., Distribution coefficients of aliphatic alcohols, carbonyl compounds and esters between air and Carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fiber coating, Anal. Chim. Acta., 2006, 560, 1-2, 103-109, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2005.12.043 . [all data]

Zenkevich, 2005
Zenkevich, I.G., Experimentally measured retention indices., 2005. [all data]

Huang, Liang, et al., 1996
Huang, C.; Liang, H.; Han, S., The analysis of organic compounds in waste water by gas extraction/thermal desorption/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Chin. J. Chromatogr., 1996, 14, 6, 421-424. [all data]

Wang and Wu, 1990
Wang, Z.; Wu, C., Volatile matter of Chinese lacquer, Lin chan hua xue yu gong ye, 1990, 10, 1, 39-41. [all data]

Rochat and Chaintreau, 2005
Rochat, S.; Chaintreau, A., Carbonyl Odorants Contributing to the In-Oven Roast Beef Top Note, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 24, 9578-9585, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf058089l . [all data]

Vichi, Castellote, et al., 2003
Vichi, S.; Castellote, A.I.; Pizzale, L.; Conte, L.S.; Buxaderas, S.; López-Tamames, E., Analysis of virgin olive oil volatile compounds by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography with mass spectrometric and flame ionization detection, J. Chromatogr. A, 2003, 983, 1-2, 19-33, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(02)01691-6 . [all data]

Vichi, Pizzale, et al., 2003
Vichi, S.; Pizzale, L.; Conte, L.S.; Buxaderas, S.; López-Tamames, E., Solid-phase microextraction in the analysis of virgin olive oil volatile fraction: modifications induced by oxidation and suitable markers of oxidative status, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 22, 6564-6571, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf030268k . [all data]

Horiuchi, Umano, et al., 1998
Horiuchi, M.; Umano, K.; Shibamoto, T., Analysis of volatile compounds formed from fish oil heated with cysteine and trimethylamine oxide, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1998, 46, 12, 5232-5237, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf980482m . [all data]

Cajka, Riddellova, et al., 2010
Cajka, T.; Riddellova, K.; Klimankova, E.; Carna, M.; Pudil, F.; Hajslova, J., Traceability of olive oil based on volatiles pattern and multivariante analysis, Food Chem., 2010, 121, 1, 282-289, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.12.011 . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  AE	Appearance energy
  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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