2-Propenal

Formula: C₃H₄O
Molecular weight: 56.0633
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C3H4O/c1-2-3-4/h2-3H,1H2
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 107-02-8
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
Other names: Acrolein; Acrylaldehyde; Acrylic Aldehyde; Allyl aldehyde; Aqualin; NSC 8819; Prop-2-En-1-al; Propenal; 2-Propen-1-one; CH2=CHCHO; Acraldehyde; Acraldehydeacroleina; Acroleine; Acrylaldehyd; Akrolein; Akroleina; Aldehyde acrylique; Aldeide acrilica; Aqualine; Crolean; Ethylene aldehyde; Magnacide H; Propylene aldehyde; Slimicide; Acroleina; Magnacide; Rcra waste number P003; UN 1092; 2-Propenaldehyde; (E)-2-propenal
Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
Information on this page:
Other data available:
Data at other public NIST sites:
- Gas Phase Kinetics Database
Options:
- Switch to calorie-based units

Data at NIST subscription sites:

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.

Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled by: Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

C_p,gas (J/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
35.19	50.	Thermodynamics Research Center, 1997	p=1 bar. Selected values agree with results of statistical calculation [ Compton D.A.C., 1977] within 0.1-1.4 J/molK. Thermodynamic functions calculated by [ Anjaneyulu Y., 1988] are larger than selected ones at high temperatures (up to 6.6 J/molK in S(1500 K) and 2.8 J/mol*K in Cp(1500 K)).
40.82	100.
47.03	150.
54.57	200.
66.98	273.15
71.28	298.15
71.59	300.
87.72	400.
101.33	500.
112.42	600.
121.45	700.
128.9	800.
135.0	900.
140.2	1000.
144.6	1100.
148.3	1200.
151.4	1300.
154.1	1400.
156.4	1500.

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_cH°_liquid	-1632.	kJ/mol	Ccb	Moureu and Boutaric, 1920	Corresponding Δ_fHº_liquid = -120. kJ/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections)

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_boil	330. ± 30.	K	AVG	N/A	Average of 7 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_fus	185.5	K	N/A	Timmermans, 1922	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.4 K; TRC
T_fus	184.65	K	N/A	Moureu, Boutaric, et al., 1920	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 1. K; TRC

Enthalpy of vaporization

Δ_vapH (kJ/mol)	Temperature (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
32.3	265.	A	Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987	Based on data from 250. to 306. K.; AC
33.5	223.	A	Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987	Based on data from 208. to 326. K. See also Stull, 1947.; AC
30.9	314.	N/A	Markovnik, Sachek, et al., 1979	Based on data from 304. to 325. K.; AC

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
P = vapor pressure (bar)
T = temperature (K)

View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.

Temperature (K)	A	B	C	Reference	Comment
208.7 to 325.7	4.11586	1167.888	-41.56	Stull, 1947	Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C₃H₄O⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
IE (evaluated)	10.11 ± 0.01	eV	N/A	N/A	L
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Proton affinity (review)	797.0	kJ/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	HL
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Gas basicity	765.1	kJ/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	HL

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV)	Method	Reference	Comment
10.10	CI	Ohno, Okamura, et al., 1995	LL
10.1	PE	Bock, Mohmand, et al., 1982	LBLHLM
10.1	PE	Von Niessen, Bieri, et al., 1980	LLK
10.11	PE	Van Dam and Oskam, 1978	LLK
10.11	PE	Masclet and Mouvier, 1978	LLK
10.13	PE	Katrib and Rabalais, 1973	LLK
10.14 ± 0.06	EI	Reed and Thornley, 1958	RDSH
10.10 ± 0.01	PI	Watanabe, 1957	RDSH
10.103 ± 0.006	S	Walsh, 1945	RDSH
10.15	PE	Schweig, Vermeer, et al., 1974	Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion	AE (eV)	Other Products	Method	Reference	Comment
CHO⁺	13.30 ± 0.10	C₂H₃	EI	Haney and Franklin, 1969	RDSH
C₂H₃⁺	13.64	CHO?	EI	Haney and Franklin, 1969	RDSH

IR Spectrum

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, References, Notes

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	Temperature (C)	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	HP-1	110.	464.	Héberger and Görgényi, 1999	50. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm, N2
Capillary	HP-1	50.	463.	Héberger and Görgényi, 1999	50. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm, N2
Capillary	HP-1	70.	463.	Héberger and Görgényi, 1999	50. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm, N2
Capillary	HP-1	90.	463.	Héberger and Görgényi, 1999	50. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm, N2
Packed	SE-30	100.	469.	Winskowski, 1983	Gaschrom Q; Column length: 2. m
Packed	Apiezon L	120.	446.	Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978	Celite 545
Packed	Apiezon L	160.	453.	Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978	Celite 545

Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	Temperature (C)	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	HP-Innowax	110.	876.1	Héberger and Görgényi, 1999	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm
Capillary	HP-Innowax	50.	867.0	Héberger and Görgényi, 1999	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm
Capillary	HP-Innowax	70.	869.4	Héberger and Görgényi, 1999	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm
Capillary	HP-Innowax	90.	871.8	Héberger and Görgényi, 1999	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm

Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DB-Wax	828.	Umano and Shibamoto, 1987	He, 40. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 200. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DB-1	470.	Helmig, Pollock, et al., 1996	30. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, 6. K/min; T_start: -50. C; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	DB-1	469.	Kaiser and Siegl, 1994	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, -50. C @ 4. min, 6. K/min; T_end: 180. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DB-1	462.	Place, Imhof, et al., 2003	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 35C(5min) => 10C/min => 45C (5min) => 5C/min => 250C (10min)

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	CP-Wax 52CB	851.	Mahadevan and Farmer, 2006	60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	840.	Bianchi, Cantoni, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 220C(1min)
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	840.	Bianchi, Careri, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	846.	Bianchi, Careri, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	Temperature (C)	I	Reference	Comment
Packed	Synachrom	150.	450.	Dufka, Malinsky, et al., 1971	Helium, Synachrom (60-80 mesh); Column length: 1.5 m
Packed	Synachrom	150.	459.	Dufka, Malinsky, et al., 1971	Helium, Synachrom (60-80 mesh); Column length: 1.5 m

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	HP-5	480.	Isidorov, Purzynska, et al., 2006	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	OV-101	465.	Zenkevich, 2005	25. m/0.20 mm/0.10 μm, N2/He, 6. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	SE-54	470.	Huang, Liang, et al., 1996	36. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 5. K/min; T_start: 35. C; T_end: 240. C

Normal alkane RI, polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	Temperature (C)	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	PEG-20M	100. to 150.	846.	Wang and Wu, 1990	N2; Column length: 58. m; Column diameter: 0.35 mm

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	852.	Rochat and Chaintreau, 2005	60. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 240. C @ 20. min
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	854.	Vichi, Castellote, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	840.	Vichi, Pizzale, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	838.	Horiuchi, Umano, et al., 1998	60. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 40. min; T_start: 50. C

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	HP-Innowax	864.	Cajka, Riddellova, et al., 2010	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 45 0C (1 min) 5 oC/min -> 170 0C 10 0C/min -> 260 0C (1 min)

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Thermodynamics Research Center, 1997
Thermodynamics Research Center, Selected Values of Properties of Chemical Compounds., Thermodynamics Research Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 1997. [all data]

Compton D.A.C., 1977
Compton D.A.C., Values for the gas-phase thermodynamic functions of conjugated compounds existing as a mixture of conformers, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2, 1977, 1307-1311. [all data]

Anjaneyulu Y., 1988
Anjaneyulu Y., Thermodynamic functions of some acryl derivatives, J. Indian Chem. Soc., 1988, 65, 400-403. [all data]

Moureu and Boutaric, 1920
Moureu, C.; Boutaric, A., Some physico-chemical constants of acrylic acid, J. Chim. Phys., 1920, 18, 348-352. [all data]

Timmermans, 1922
Timmermans, J., Investigation of the Freezing Point of Organic Substances VII, Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 1922, 31, 389. [all data]

Moureu, Boutaric, et al., 1920
Moureu, C.; Boutaric, A.; Dufraisse, C., Some Physical Chemical Constants of Acrolein, J. Chim. Phys. Phys.-Chim. Biol., 1920, 18, 333-47. [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R., Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022 . [all data]

Markovnik, Sachek, et al., 1979
Markovnik, V.S.; Sachek, A.I.; Peshchenko, A.D.; Shvaro, O.V.; Andreevskii, D.N.; Olizarevich, N.M., Termodin. Org. Soedin., 1979, 107. [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Ohno, Okamura, et al., 1995
Ohno, K.; Okamura, K.; Yamakado, H.; Hoshino, S.; Takami, T.; Yamauchi, M., Penning ionization of HCHO, CH₂CH₂, and CH₂CHCHO by collision with He*(2 3S) metastable atoms, J. Phys. Chem., 1995, 99, 14247. [all data]

Bock, Mohmand, et al., 1982
Bock, H.; Mohmand, S.; Hirabayashi, T.; Semkow, A., Thioacrolein: Das stabilste C₃H₄S-Isomers und sein PE-spektroskopischer Nachweis in der gasphase, Chem. Ber., 1982, 115, 1339. [all data]

Von Niessen, Bieri, et al., 1980
Von Niessen, W.; Bieri, G.; Asbrink, L., 30.4 nm He(II) photoelectron spectra of organic molecules. Part III. Oxo-compounds (C,H,O), J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1980, 21, 175. [all data]

Van Dam and Oskam, 1978
Van Dam, H.; Oskam, A., He(I) and He(II) photoelectron spectra of some substituted ethylenes, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1978, 13, 273. [all data]

Masclet and Mouvier, 1978
Masclet, P.; Mouvier, G., Etude par spectrometrie photoelectronique d'aldehydes et de cetones ethyleniques conjugues, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1978, 14, 77. [all data]

Katrib and Rabalais, 1973
Katrib, A.; Rabalais, J.W., Electronic interaction between the vinyl group and its substituents, J. Phys. Chem., 1973, 77, 2358. [all data]

Reed and Thornley, 1958
Reed, R.I.; Thornley, M.B., Studies in electron impact methods. Part 5. Acetaldehyde, acrolein, benzaldehyde, and propionaldehyde, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 1958, 54, 949. [all data]

Watanabe, 1957
Watanabe, K., Ionization potentials of some molecules, J. Chem. Phys., 1957, 26, 542. [all data]

Walsh, 1945
Walsh, A.D., The absorption spectra of acrolein, crotonaldehyde and mesityl oxide in the vacuum ultra-violet, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 1945, 41, 498. [all data]

Schweig, Vermeer, et al., 1974
Schweig, A.; Vermeer, H.; Weidner, U., A photoelectron spectroscopic study of keto-enol tautomerism in acetylacetones - a new application of photoelectron spectroscopy, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1974, 26, 229. [all data]

Haney and Franklin, 1969
Haney, M.A.; Franklin, J.L., Excess energies in mass spectra of some oxygen-containing organic compounds, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 1969, 65, 1794. [all data]

Héberger and Görgényi, 1999
Héberger, K.; Görgényi, M., Principal component analysis of Kováts indices for carbonyl compounds in capillary gas chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1999, 845, 1-2, 21-31, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00323-4 . [all data]

Winskowski, 1983
Winskowski, J., Gaschromatographische Identifizierung von Stoffen anhand von Indexziffem und unterschiedlichen Detektoren, Chromatographia, 1983, 17, 3, 160-165, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02271041 . [all data]

Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978
Bogoslovsky, Yu.N.; Anvaer, B.I.; Vigdergauz, M.S., Chromatographic constants in gas chromatography (in Russian), Standards Publ. House, Moscow, 1978, 192. [all data]

Umano and Shibamoto, 1987
Umano, K.; Shibamoto, T., Analysis of headspace volatiles from overheated beef fat, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1987, 35, 1, 14-18, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00073a004 . [all data]

Helmig, Pollock, et al., 1996
Helmig, D.; Pollock, W.; Greenberg, J.; Zimmerman, P., Gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of volatile organic trace gases at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii, J. Geophys. Res., 1996, 101, D9, 14697-14710, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JD00212 . [all data]

Kaiser and Siegl, 1994
Kaiser, E.W.; Siegl, W.O., High resolution gas chromatographic determination of the atmospheric reactivity of engine-out hydrocarbon emissions from a spark-ignited engine, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1994, 17, 4, 264-270, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170414 . [all data]

Place, Imhof, et al., 2003
Place, R.B.; Imhof, M.; Teuber, M.; Olivier Bosset, J., Distribution of the volatile (flavour) compounds in Raclette cheese produced with different staphylococci in the smear, Mitt. Lebensmittelunters. Hyg., 2003, 94, 192-211. [all data]

Mahadevan and Farmer, 2006
Mahadevan, K.; Farmer, L., Key Odor Impact Compounds in Three Yeast Extract Pastes, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 19, 7242-7250, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf061102x . [all data]

Bianchi, Cantoni, et al., 2007
Bianchi, F.; Cantoni, C.; Careri, M.; Chiesa, L.; Musci, M.; Pinna, A., Characterization of the aromatic profile for the authentication and differentiation of typical Italian dry-sausages, Talanta, 2007, 72, 4, 1552-1563, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2007.02.019 . [all data]

Bianchi, Careri, et al., 2007
Bianchi, F.; Careri, M.; Mangia, A.; Musci, M., Retention indices in the analysis of food aroma volatile compounds in temperature-programmed gas chromatography: Database creation and evaluation of precision and robustness, J. Sep. Sci., 2007, 39, 4, 563-572, https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200600393 . [all data]

Dufka, Malinsky, et al., 1971
Dufka, O.; Malinsky, J.; Vladyka, J., Sorpcni materialy pro plynovou chromatographii - III, Chemicky promysl., 1971, 21/46, 9, 459-463. [all data]

Isidorov, Purzynska, et al., 2006
Isidorov, V.; Purzynska, A.; Modzelewska, A.; Serowiecka, M., Distribution coefficients of aliphatic alcohols, carbonyl compounds and esters between air and Carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fiber coating, Anal. Chim. Acta., 2006, 560, 1-2, 103-109, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2005.12.043 . [all data]

Zenkevich, 2005
Zenkevich, I.G., Experimentally measured retention indices., 2005. [all data]

Huang, Liang, et al., 1996
Huang, C.; Liang, H.; Han, S., The analysis of organic compounds in waste water by gas extraction/thermal desorption/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Chin. J. Chromatogr., 1996, 14, 6, 421-424. [all data]

Wang and Wu, 1990
Wang, Z.; Wu, C., Volatile matter of Chinese lacquer, Lin chan hua xue yu gong ye, 1990, 10, 1, 39-41. [all data]

Rochat and Chaintreau, 2005
Rochat, S.; Chaintreau, A., Carbonyl Odorants Contributing to the In-Oven Roast Beef Top Note, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 24, 9578-9585, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf058089l . [all data]

Vichi, Castellote, et al., 2003
Vichi, S.; Castellote, A.I.; Pizzale, L.; Conte, L.S.; Buxaderas, S.; López-Tamames, E., Analysis of virgin olive oil volatile compounds by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography with mass spectrometric and flame ionization detection, J. Chromatogr. A, 2003, 983, 1-2, 19-33, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(02)01691-6 . [all data]

Vichi, Pizzale, et al., 2003
Vichi, S.; Pizzale, L.; Conte, L.S.; Buxaderas, S.; López-Tamames, E., Solid-phase microextraction in the analysis of virgin olive oil volatile fraction: modifications induced by oxidation and suitable markers of oxidative status, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 22, 6564-6571, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf030268k . [all data]

Horiuchi, Umano, et al., 1998
Horiuchi, M.; Umano, K.; Shibamoto, T., Analysis of volatile compounds formed from fish oil heated with cysteine and trimethylamine oxide, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1998, 46, 12, 5232-5237, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf980482m . [all data]

Cajka, Riddellova, et al., 2010
Cajka, T.; Riddellova, K.; Klimankova, E.; Carna, M.; Pudil, F.; Hajslova, J., Traceability of olive oil based on volatiles pattern and multivariante analysis, Food Chem., 2010, 121, 1, 282-289, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.12.011 . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References

Symbols used in this document:

AE	Appearance energy
C_p,gas	Constant pressure heat capacity of gas
IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
T_boil	Boiling point
T_fus	Fusion (melting) point
Δ_cH°_liquid	Enthalpy of combustion of liquid at standard conditions
Δ_vapH	Enthalpy of vaporization

Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.