p-Chloroaniline

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Condensed phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δcliquid-797.9 ± 3.2kcal/molCcbZalikin, Kochetkov, et al., 1965ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfsolid-7.97kcal/molCcbMasalitinova, Oleinikova, et al., 1981ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δcsolid-766.93 ± 0.45kcal/molCcbMasalitinova, Oleinikova, et al., 1981ALS

Constant pressure heat capacity of solid

Cp,solid (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
35.21305.Zalikin, Kochetkov, et al., 1965T = 292 to 323 K. Mean value.; DH

Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tboil505.2KN/AWeast and Grasselli, 1989BS
Tboil505.45KN/APerkin, 1896Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 1. K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tfus343. ± 3.KAVGN/AAverage of 9 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δvap14.9 ± 0.1kcal/molGSVerevkin and Schick, 2003Based on data from 346. to 374. K.; AC
Δvap11.70kcal/molVZalikin, Kochetkov, et al., 1965ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δsub19.2 ± 0.07kcal/molGSVerevkin and Schick, 2003Based on data from 291. to 337. K.; AC

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
12.5378.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 363. to 505. K.; AC

Antoine Equation Parameters

log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (atm)
    T = temperature (K)

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Temperature (K) A B C Reference Comment
332.4 to 503.74.873052254.26-41.619Stull, 1947Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

Enthalpy of sublimation

ΔsubH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
21.7293.MEStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 283. to 303. K. See also Swan and Mack, 1925.; AC

Enthalpy of fusion

ΔfusH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
4.892342.8Verevkin and Schick, 2003See also Straka, Ruzicka, et al., 2007.; AC
4.04344.Khanna, Khetarpal, et al., 1983AC

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

C6H5ClN- + Hydrogen cation = p-Chloroaniline

By formula: C6H5ClN- + H+ = C6H6ClN

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr360.4 ± 2.1kcal/molG+TSBartmess, Scott, et al., 1979gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr353.1 ± 2.0kcal/molIMREBartmess, Scott, et al., 1979gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B

Benzenamine, 4-chloro-N-methyl- = 0.5p-Chloroaniline + 0.5Benzenamine, 4-chloro-N,N-dimethyl-

By formula: C7H8ClN = 0.5C6H6ClN + 0.5C8H10ClN

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-0.05kcal/molEqkMatvienko, Kachurin, et al., 1982liquid phase; Methanesulfonic acid; ALS

Urea, N,N'-bis(4-chlorophenyl)- = Benzene, 1-chloro-4-isocyanato- + p-Chloroaniline

By formula: C13H10Cl2N2O = C7H4ClNO + C6H6ClN

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr28.80 ± 0.26kcal/molEqkChimishkyan, Svetlova, et al., 1984solid phase; Dissociation; ALS

p-Chloroaniline + Maleic anhydride = Maleanilic acid, 4' chloro-

By formula: C6H6ClN + C4H2O3 = C10H8ClNO3

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr3.1kcal/molCmSrivastava, 1979solid phase; ALS

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C6H6ClN+ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Proton affinity (review)208.8kcal/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Gas basicity201.2kcal/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
7.8 ± 0.1CTSFarrell and Newton, 1966RDSH
8.00CTSKinoshita, 1962RDSH
8.18PEBaker, May, et al., 1968Vertical value; RDSH

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
C5H5Cl+12.24HCNEIHowe and Williams, 1969RDSH
C6H6N+12.5 ± 0.1ClEIBrown, 1970RDSH
C6H6N+12.37ClEIHowe and Williams, 1969RDSH

De-protonation reactions

C6H5ClN- + Hydrogen cation = p-Chloroaniline

By formula: C6H5ClN- + H+ = C6H6ClN

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr360.4 ± 2.1kcal/molG+TSBartmess, Scott, et al., 1979gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr353.1 ± 2.0kcal/molIMREBartmess, Scott, et al., 1979gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B

IR Spectrum

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Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director


Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Mass spectrum
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Additional Data

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Owner NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, 1998.
NIST MS number 291216

All mass spectra in this site (plus many more) are available from the NIST/EPA/NIH Mass Spectral Library. Please see the following for information about the library and its accompanying search program.


UV/Visible spectrum

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Victor Talrose, Eugeny B. Stern, Antonina A. Goncharova, Natalia A. Messineva, Natalia V. Trusova, Margarita V. Efimkina

Spectrum

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UVVis spectrum
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Additional Data

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Source Grammaticakis, 1951
Owner INEP CP RAS, NIST OSRD
Collection (C) 2007 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin INSTITUTE OF ENERGY PROBLEMS OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS, RAS
Source reference RAS UV No. 132
Instrument n.i.g.
Melting point 72.5
Boiling point 232

Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
PackedSE-30180.1204.Oszczapowicz, Osek, et al., 1985N2, Chromosorb A AW; Column length: 3. m
PackedSE-30180.1204.Oszczapowicz, Osek, et al., 1984N2, Chromosorb W AW; Column length: 3. m

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
Capillary5 % Phenyl methyl siloxane1201.Yasuhara, Shiraishi, et al., 199725. m/0.31 mm/0.52 μm, He; Program: 50C(2min) => (20C/min) => 120C => (7C/min) => 310C(10min)

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryTR-11160.Gruzdev, Alferova, et al., 201130. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 5. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 300. C
CapillaryTR-11160.Gruzdev, Alferova, et al., 2011, 230. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 5. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 300. C
CapillaryTR-11160.Gruzdev, Filippova, et al., 201130. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 5. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 300. C
CapillaryUltra-11157.Okumura, 199125. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 260. C
CapillarySE-541198.Harland, Cumming, et al., 1986He, 50. C @ 2. min, 8. K/min, 250. C @ 12. min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySPB-11159.Vezzani, Moretti, et al., 1994Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-11161.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySuperox 0.6; Carbowax 20M2100.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillarySuperox 0.6; Carbowax 20M2130.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryCarbowax 400, Carbowax 20M, Carbowax 1540, Carbowax 4000, Superox 06, PEG 20M, etc.2100.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified

Lee's RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-5202.8Donnelly, Abdel-Hamid, et al., 199330. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 8. K/min, 285. C @ 29.5 min

References

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Zalikin, Kochetkov, et al., 1965
Zalikin, A.A.; Kochetkov, V.L.; Strepikheev, Yu.A., Some physical and physicochemical constants of m- and p-chloroaniline and of m- and p-chlorophenyl isocyanate, Khim. Prom. (Moscow), 1965, 41, 338. [all data]

Masalitinova, Oleinikova, et al., 1981
Masalitinova, T.N.; Oleinikova, T.P.; Ryadnenko, V.L.; Kiseleva, N.N.; Lebedeva, N.D., Thermal effects of the hydrogenation of chloronitrobenzenes, J. Appl. Chem. USSR, 1981, 54, 1551-1554, In original 1799. [all data]

Weast and Grasselli, 1989
CRC Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds, 2nd Editon, Weast,R.C and Grasselli, J.G., ed(s)., CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 1989, 1. [all data]

Perkin, 1896
Perkin, W.H., LXIX. On Magnetic Rotatory Power, especially of Aromatic Compounds, J. Chem. Soc., 1896, 69, 1025-1257. [all data]

Verevkin and Schick, 2003
Verevkin, Sergey P.; Schick, Christoph, Determination of vapor pressures, enthalpies of sublimation, enthalpies of vaporization, and enthalpies of fusion of a series of chloro-aminobenzenes and chloro-nitrobenzenes, Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2003, 211, 2, 161-177, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3812(03)00181-X . [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R., Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022 . [all data]

Swan and Mack, 1925
Swan, Thomas H.; Mack, Edward, VAPOR PRESSURES OF ORGANIC CRYSTALS BY AN EFFUSION METHOD, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1925, 47, 8, 2112-2116, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01685a005 . [all data]

Straka, Ruzicka, et al., 2007
Straka, Martin; Ruzicka, Kvetoslav; Ruzicka, Vlastimil, Heat Capacities of Chloroanilines and Chloronitrobenzenes, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 2007, 52, 4, 1375-1380, https://doi.org/10.1021/je700080k . [all data]

Khanna, Khetarpal, et al., 1983
Khanna, M.S.; Khetarpal, S.C.; Lal, K.; Bhatnagar, H.L., Thermodynamic studies on melting of some o-, m-, and p-halogen derivatives of aniline, Indian J. Pure Appl. Phys., 1983, 20, 6, 503. [all data]

Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979
Bartmess, J.E.; Scott, J.A.; McIver, R.T., Jr., The gas phase acidity scale from methanol to phenol, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 6047. [all data]

Matvienko, Kachurin, et al., 1982
Matvienko, N.M.; Kachurin, O.I.; Chekhuta, V.G., Kinetics and equilibrium of the transalkylation reaction of N-methylarylamines, Russ. Chem. Rev., 1982, 48, 42-45. [all data]

Chimishkyan, Svetlova, et al., 1984
Chimishkyan, A.L.; Svetlova, L.P.; Leonova, T.V.; Gluyaev, N.D., Thermal decomposition of substituted ureas, J. Gen. Chem. USSR, 1984, 54, 1317-1320. [all data]

Srivastava, 1979
Srivastava, A.K., Solid-state reactions between maleic anhydride and substituted aromactic amines, Z. Phys. Chem. (Leipzig), 1979, 260, 630-640. [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Farrell and Newton, 1966
Farrell, P.G.; Newton, J., Ionization potentials of primary aromatic amines and aza-hydrocarbons, Tetrahedron Lett., 1966, 5517. [all data]

Kinoshita, 1962
Kinoshita, M., The absorption spectra of the molecular complexes of aromatic compounds with p-bromanil, Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 1962, 35, 1609. [all data]

Baker, May, et al., 1968
Baker, A.D.; May, D.P.; Turner, D.W., Molecular photoelectron spectroscopy. Part VII. The vertical ionisation potentials of benzene and some of its monosubstituted and 1,4-disubstituted derivatives, J. Chem. Soc. B, 1968, 22. [all data]

Howe and Williams, 1969
Howe, I.; Williams, D.H., Calculation and qualitative predictions of mass spectra. Mono- and paradisubstituted benzenes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1969, 91, 7137. [all data]

Brown, 1970
Brown, P., Kinetic studies in mass spectrometry-IV. The [M - Cl] reaction in substituted chlorobenzenes and the question of molecular ion isomerization, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1970, 3, 639. [all data]

Grammaticakis, 1951
Grammaticakis, P., Contribution a l'etude de l'absorption dans l'ultraviolet moyen et le visible des arylamines isomeres et de leurs derives N-substitues (2e memoire), Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1951, 18, 534-545. [all data]

Oszczapowicz, Osek, et al., 1985
Oszczapowicz, J.; Osek, J.; Ciszkowski, K.; Krawczyk, W.; Ostrowski, M., Retention Indices of Dimethylbenzamidines and Benzylideneamines on a Non-Polar Column, J. Chromatogr., 1985, 330, 79-85, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)81964-6 . [all data]

Oszczapowicz, Osek, et al., 1984
Oszczapowicz, J.; Osek, J.; Dolecka, E., Retention indices of dimethylformamidines, dimethylacetamidines and tetramethylguanidines on a non-polar column, J. Chromatogr., 1984, 315, 95-100, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)90727-7 . [all data]

Yasuhara, Shiraishi, et al., 1997
Yasuhara, A.; Shiraishi, H.; Nishikawa, M.; Yamamoto, T.; Uehiro, T.; Nakasugi, O.; Okumura, T.; Kenmotsu, K.; Fukui, H.; Nagase, M.; Ono, Y.; Kawagoshi, Y.; Baba, K.; Noma, Y., Determination of organic components in leachates from hazardous waste disposal sites in Japan by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 1997, 774, 1-2, 321-332, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(97)00078-2 . [all data]

Gruzdev, Alferova, et al., 2011
Gruzdev, I.V.; Alferova, M.V.; Kondratenok, B.M.; Zenkevich, I.G., Gas-chromatographic identification of chloro- and bromosubstituted anilines using retention indices, Rus. J. Anal. Chem., 2011, 66, 5, 519-524. [all data]

Gruzdev, Alferova, et al., 2011, 2
Gruzdev, I.V.; Alferova, M.V.; Kondratenok, B.M.; Zenkevich, I.G., Quantification of chloroanilines in drinking water by gas chromatography as bromo derivatives, Rus. J. Anal. Chem., 2011, 66, 10, 955-962, https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061934811100042 . [all data]

Gruzdev, Filippova, et al., 2011
Gruzdev, I.V.; Filippova, M.V.; Zenkevich, I.G.; Kondratenok, B.M., Identification of bromination products of chlorosubstituted anilines in aqueous media by using gas chromatography, Rus. J. Applied Chem., 2011, 84, 10, 1656-1667, https://doi.org/10.1134/S1070427211100132 . [all data]

Okumura, 1991
Okumura, T., retention indices of environmental chemicals on methyl silicone capillary column, Journal of Environmental Chemistry (Japan), 1991, 1, 2, 333-358, https://doi.org/10.5985/jec.1.333 . [all data]

Harland, Cumming, et al., 1986
Harland, B.J.; Cumming, R.I.; Gillings, E., The Kovats indexes of some organic micropollutants on an SE54 capillary column, EUR, I Org. Micropollut. Aquat. Environ., 1986, EUR 10388, 123-127. [all data]

Vezzani, Moretti, et al., 1994
Vezzani, S.; Moretti, P.; Castello, G., Fast and Accurate Method for the Automatic Prediction of Programmed-Temperature Retention Times, J. Chromatogr. A, 1994, 677, 2, 331-343, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(94)80161-4 . [all data]

Waggott and Davies, 1984
Waggott, A.; Davies, I.W., Identification of organic pollutants using linear temperature programmed retention indices (LTPRIs) - Part II, 1984, retrieved from http://dwi.defra.gov.uk/research/completed-research/reports/dwi0383.pdf. [all data]

Donnelly, Abdel-Hamid, et al., 1993
Donnelly, J.R.; Abdel-Hamid, M.S.; Jeter, J.L.; Gurka, D.F., Application of gas chromatographic retention properties to the identification of environmental contaminants, J. Chromatogr., 1993, 642, 1-2, 409-415, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(93)80106-I . [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References