Benzaldehyde, 4-chloro-
- Formula: C7H5ClO
- Molecular weight: 140.567
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: AVPYQKSLYISFPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 104-88-1
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Other names: Benzaldehyde, p-chloro-; p-Chlorobenzaldehyde; 4-Chlorobenzaldehyde; p-Chlorobenzenecarboxaldehyde; 4-Chlorbenzaldehyd
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Phase change data
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tboil | 486.7 | K | N/A | Weast and Grasselli, 1989 | BS |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Tfus | 319.85 | K | N/A | Levi and Nicholls, 1958 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 1. K; TRC |
Reduced pressure boiling point
Tboil (K) | Pressure (bar) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
346.7 | 0.004 | Weast and Grasselli, 1989 | BS |
Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Proton affinity (review) | 831.3 | kJ/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Gas basicity | 799.4 | kJ/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Electron affinity determinations
EA (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
0.659 ± 0.087 | IMRE | Mishima, Huh, et al., 1993 | ΔGea(343 K)=-15.8 kcal/mol. Reanchored to EA(PhNO2), Kebarle and Chowdhury, 1987.; B |
0.676 ± 0.087 | IMRE | Huh, Kang, et al., 1999 | ΔG(EA) 343K; anchored to ΔG value. Including anchor ΔS, EA is ca. 0.4 kcal/mol more bound.; B |
Ionization energy determinations
IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
9.61 ± 0.01 | EI | Foffani, Pignataro, et al., 1964 | RDSH |
9.57 | PE | Gal, Geribaldi, et al., 1985 | Vertical value; LBLHLM |
9.59 | PE | Baker, May, et al., 1968 | Vertical value; RDSH |
Gas Chromatography
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Packed | OV-101 | 140. | 1116. | Righezza, Hassani, et al., 1996 | N2, Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 5. m |
Packed | OV-101 | 160. | 1122.6 | Hassani and Meklati, 1992 | N2, Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 5. m |
Packed | OV-101 | 150. | 1113.2 | Maeck, Touabet, et al., 1989 | N2, Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 2. m |
Packed | SE-30 | 180. | 1137. | Oszczapowicz, Osek, et al., 1985 | N2, Chromosorb A AW; Column length: 3. m |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | OV-101 | 1107. | Ebrahimi and Hadjmohammadi, 2006 | Program: not specified |
References
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Weast and Grasselli, 1989
CRC Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds, 2nd Editon, Weast,R.C and Grasselli, J.G., ed(s)., CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 1989, 1. [all data]
Levi and Nicholls, 1958
Levi, L.; Nicholls, R.V.V.,
Formation of Styrene by Pyrolysis of Aromatic Heterocyclic Aldehyde- Aliphatic Acid Anhydride Mixtures on Morden Bentonite,
Ind. Eng. Chem., 1958, 50, 1005. [all data]
Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G.,
Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018
. [all data]
Mishima, Huh, et al., 1993
Mishima, M.; Huh, C.; Nakamura, H.; Fujio, M.; Tsuno, Y.,
Electron Affinities of Benzaldehydes. Substituent Effects on Stabilities of Aromatic Radical Anions.,
Tetrahed. Lett., 1993, 34, 26, 4223, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(00)60533-6
. [all data]
Kebarle and Chowdhury, 1987
Kebarle, P.; Chowdhury, S.,
Electron affinities and electron transfer reactions,
Chem. Rev., 1987, 87, 513. [all data]
Huh, Kang, et al., 1999
Huh, C.; Kang, C.H.; Lee, H.W.; Nakamura, H.; Mishima, M.; Tsuno, Y.; Yamataka, H.,
Thermodynamic stabilities and resonance demand of aromatic radical anions in the gas phase,
Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 1999, 72, 5, 1083-1091, https://doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.72.1083
. [all data]
Foffani, Pignataro, et al., 1964
Foffani, A.; Pignataro, S.; Cantone, B.; Grasso, F.,
Ionization potentials and substituent effects for aromatic carbonyl compounds,
Z. Physik. Chem. (Frankfurt), 1964, 42, 221. [all data]
Gal, Geribaldi, et al., 1985
Gal, J.-F.; Geribaldi, S.; Pfister-Guillouzo, G.; Morris, D.G.,
Basicity of the carbonyl group. Part 12. Correlations between ionization potentials and lewis basicities in aromatic carbonyl compounds,
J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2, 1985, 103. [all data]
Baker, May, et al., 1968
Baker, A.D.; May, D.P.; Turner, D.W.,
Molecular photoelectron spectroscopy. Part VII. The vertical ionisation potentials of benzene and some of its monosubstituted and 1,4-disubstituted derivatives,
J. Chem. Soc. B, 1968, 22. [all data]
Righezza, Hassani, et al., 1996
Righezza, M.; Hassani, A.; Meklati, B.Y.; Chrétien, J.R.,
Quantitative structure-retention relationships (QSRR) of congeneric aromatics series studied on phenyl OV phases in gas chromatography,
J. Chromatogr. A, 1996, 723, 1, 77-91, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(95)00816-0
. [all data]
Hassani and Meklati, 1992
Hassani, A.; Meklati, B.Y.,
Gas chromatographic behaviour of monosubstituted benzenes, benzaldehydes and acetophenones on OV polymethylphenyl-silicone stationary phases,
Chromatographia, 1992, 33, 5/6, 267-271, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02276193
. [all data]
Maeck, Touabet, et al., 1989
Maeck, M.; Touabet, A.; Badjah Hadj Ahmed, A.Y.; Meklati, B.Y.,
A numerical interpolation of Kováts indices without dead time correction,
Chromatographia, 1989, 27, 5/6, 205-208, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02260447
. [all data]
Oszczapowicz, Osek, et al., 1985
Oszczapowicz, J.; Osek, J.; Ciszkowski, K.; Krawczyk, W.; Ostrowski, M.,
Retention Indices of Dimethylbenzamidines and Benzylideneamines on a Non-Polar Column,
J. Chromatogr., 1985, 330, 79-85, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)81964-6
. [all data]
Ebrahimi and Hadjmohammadi, 2006
Ebrahimi, P.; Hadjmohammadi, M.R.,
Simultaneous modeling of the Kovats retention indices on phenyl OV stationary phases with different polarity using MLR and ANN,
QSAR Comb. Sci., 2006, 25, 10, 836-845, https://doi.org/10.1002/qsar.200530145
. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, References
- Symbols used in this document:
EA Electron affinity Tboil Boiling point Tfus Fusion (melting) point - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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