Ferrocene

• Formula: C₁₀H₁₀Fe
• Molecular weight: 186.031
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/2C5H5.Fe/c2*1-2-4-5-3-1;/h2*1-5H; Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: DFRHTHSZMBROSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 102-54-5
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Species with the same structure:
  • Ferrocene
• Other names: Bis(η-cyclopentadienyl) iron; Bis(cyclopentadienyl)iron; Di(π-cyclopentadienyl)iron; Di-2,4-cyclopentadien-1-yliron; Dicyclopentadienyl iron; Ferrotsen; Iron dicyclopentadienyl; Iron, bis(η5-2,4-cyclopentadien-1-yl)-; Iron, bis(η5-cyclopentadienyl); Iron bis(cyclopentadienide); NSC 2033; Catane
• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Ion clustering data
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • References
  • Notes
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
  • X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
• Options:
  • Switch to calorie-based units

Data at NIST subscription sites:

• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, professional edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.

Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: José A. Martinho Simões

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
MS - José A. Martinho Simões
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Constant pressure heat capacity of solid

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos

Enthalpy of vaporization

Enthalpy of sublimation

Enthalpy of fusion

Enthalpy of phase transition

Entropy of phase transition

Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
MS - José A. Martinho Simões

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

C₁₀H₁₀Fe⁺ +  = (C₁₀H₁₀Fe⁺ • )

By formula: C₁₀H₁₀Fe⁺ + C₁₀H₁₀Fe = (C₁₀H₁₀Fe⁺ • C₁₀H₁₀Fe)

Free energy of reaction

C₃₀H₂₈Fe₂Ti (cr) + 2( • 4.40) (solution) = 2 (cr) +  (cr)

By formula: C₃₀H₂₈Fe₂Ti (cr) + 2(HCl • 4.40H₂O) (solution) = 2C₁₀H₁₀Fe (cr) + C₁₀H₁₀Cl₂Ti (cr)

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C₁₀H₁₀Fe⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Ionization energy determinations

Appearance energy determinations

Ion clustering data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

C₁₀H₁₀Fe⁺ +  = (C₁₀H₁₀Fe⁺ • )

By formula: C₁₀H₁₀Fe⁺ + C₁₀H₁₀Fe = (C₁₀H₁₀Fe⁺ • C₁₀H₁₀Fe)

Free energy of reaction

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

Notice: This spectrum may be better viewed with a Javascript and HTML 5 enabled browser.

For Zoom

1.) Enter the desired X axis range (e.g., 100, 200)

2.) Check here for automatic Y scaling

3.) Press here to zoom

Additional Data

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Martinho Simões
Martinho Simões, J.A., Private communication (see http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/om/). [all data]

Chipperfield, Sneyd, et al., 1979
Chipperfield, J.R.; Sneyd, J.C.R.; Webster, D.E., J. Organometal. Chem., 1979, 178, 177. [all data]

Tel'noi and Rabinovich, 1977
Tel'noi, V.I.; Rabinovich, I.B., Russ. Chem. Rev., 1977, 46, 689. [all data]

Tel'noi, Kirynov, et al., 1975
Tel'noi, V.I.; Kirynov, K.V.; Ermolaev, V.I.; Rabinovich, I.B., Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1975, 220, 1088. [all data]

Pedley and Rylance, 1977
Pedley, J.B.; Rylance, J., Computer Analysed Thermochemical Data: Organic and Organometallic Compounds, University of Sussex, Brigton, 1977. [all data]

Cotton and Wilkinson, 1952
Cotton, F.A.; Wilkinson, G., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1952, 74, 5764. [all data]

Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds in Academic Press, New York, 1970. [all data]

Ogasahara, Sorai, et al., 1981
Ogasahara, K.; Sorai, M.; Suga, H., Thermodynamic properties of ferrocene crystal, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 1981, 71, 189-211. [all data]

Edwards and Kington, 1962
Edwards, J.W.; Kington, G.L., Thermodynamic properties of ferrocene. Part 3. Thermodynamic functions from 0 to 300°K, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1962, 58, 1334-1340. [all data]

Tomassetti, Curini, et al., 1981
Tomassetti, M.; Curini, R.; D'Ascenzo, G.; Ortaggi, G., Heat capacities of ferrocene, acetyl-, 1,1'-diacetyl-, benzoyl-, and 1,1'-dibenzoylferrocene by DSC, Thermochim. Acta, 1981, 48, 333-341. [all data]

Azokpota, Calvarin, et al., 1976
Azokpota, C.; Calvarin, G.; Pommier, C., Heat capacity of molecular compounds with order-disorder transition: nickelocene, Ni(C₅H₅)₂, and ferrocene, Fe(C₅H₅)₂, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1976, 8, 283-287. [all data]

Baev, Barkatin, et al., 1979
Baev, A.K.; Barkatin, A.A.; Gubin, S.P.; Dyagileva, S.P., Thermodynamics of phase transitions and vapor state of some compounds of elements with incomplete d-shells in Vses. Konf. po Kalorimetrii i Khim. Termodinamike, 8th, Ivanovo, p 386-389, 1979. [all data]

Murray, Cavell, et al., 1980
Murray, J.P.; Cavell, K.J.; Hill, J.O., A DSC study of benzoic acid: a suggested calibrant compound, Thermochimica Acta, 1980, 36, 1, 97-101, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(80)80114-6 . [all data]

Nisel'son, Sokolova, et al., 1972
Nisel'son, L.A.; Sokolova, T.D.; Nikolaev, R.K., Vestn. Mosk. Univ., Ser. 2: Khim., 1972, 13, 4, 432. [all data]

Emel'yanenko, Verevkin, et al., 2007
Emel'yanenko, Vladimir N.; Verevkin, Sergey P.; Krol, Olesya V.; Varushchenko, Raisa M.; Chelovskaya, Nelly V., Vapour pressures and enthalpies of vaporization of a series of the ferrocene derivatives, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 2007, 39, 4, 594-601, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jct.2006.09.001 . [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Dykyj, Svoboda, et al., 1999
Dykyj, J.; Svoboda, J.; Wilhoit, R.C.; Frenkel, M.L.; Hall, K.R., Vapor Pressure of Chemicals: Part A. Vapor Pressure and Antoine Constants for Hydrocarbons and Sulfur, Selenium, Tellurium and Hydrogen Containing Organic Compounds, Springer, Berlin, 1999, 373. [all data]

Barkatin, Gaidym, et al., 1977
Barkatin, A.A.; Gaidym, I.L.; Baev, A.K., Khim. Khim. Technol. (USSR), 1977, 12, 44. [all data]

Kaplan, Kester, et al., 1952
Kaplan, Louis; Kester, William L.; Katz, Joseph J., Some Properties of Iron Biscyclopentadienyl, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1952, 74, 21, 5531-5532, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01141a518 . [all data]

Lousada, Pinto, et al., 2008
Lousada, Cláudio M.; Pinto, Susana S.; Canongia Lopes, José N.; Minas da Piedade, M. Fátima; Diogo, Hermínio P.; Minas da Piedade, Manuel E., Experimental and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study of the Sublimation and Vaporization Energetics of Iron Metalocenes. Crystal Structures of Fe(η ⁵ -C ₅ H ₄ CH ₃ ) ₂ and Fe[(η ⁵ -(C ₅ H ₅ )(η ⁵ -C ₅ H ₄ CHO)], J. Phys. Chem. A, 2008, 112, 13, 2977-2987, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp7107818 . [all data]

Monte, Santos, et al., 2006
Monte, Manuel J.S.; Santos, Luís M.N.B.F.; Fulem, Michal; Fonseca, José M.S.; Sousa, Carlos A.D., New Static Apparatus and Vapor Pressure of Reference Materials: Naphthalene, Benzoic Acid, Benzophenone, and Ferrocene, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 2006, 51, 2, 757-766, https://doi.org/10.1021/je050502y . [all data]

Rojas-Aguilar, Orozco-Guareño, et al., 2001
Rojas-Aguilar, Aarón; Orozco-Guareño, Eulogio; Martínez-Herrera, Melchor, An experimental system for measurement of enthalpies of sublimation by d.s.c., The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 2001, 33, 10, 1405-1418, https://doi.org/10.1006/jcht.2001.0857 . [all data]

Da Silva and Monte, 1990
Da Silva, Manuel A.V. Ribeiro; Monte, Manuel J.S., The construction, testing and use of a new knudsen effusion apparatus, Thermochimica Acta, 1990, 171, 169-183, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(90)87017-7 . [all data]

Torres-Gómez, Barreiro-Rodríguez, et al., 1988
Torres-Gómez, Luis Alfonso; Barreiro-Rodríguez, Guadalupe; Méndez-Ruíz, Francisco, Vapour pressures and enthalpies of sublimation of ferrocene, cobaltocene and nickelocene, Thermochimica Acta, 1988, 124, 179-183, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(88)87020-5 . [all data]

Beech and Lintonbon, 1971
Beech, Graham; Lintonbon, Roger M., The measurement of sublimation enthalpies by differential scanning calorimetry, Thermochimica Acta, 1971, 2, 1, 86-88, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(71)85027-X . [all data]

Cordes and Schreiner, 1959
Cordes, J.F.; Schreiner, S., Dampfdruckmessungen bei einigen Aromatenkomplexen, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 1959, 299, 1-2, 87-91, https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19592990111 . [all data]

Da«807»browski, Misterkiewicz, et al., 2001
Da«807»browski, Marek; Misterkiewicz, Boguslaw; Sporzynski, Andrzej, Solubilities of Substituted Ferrocenes in Organic Solvents, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 2001, 46, 6, 1627-1631, https://doi.org/10.1021/je010197q . [all data]

Jons and Gjaldbaek, 1969
Jons, O.; Gjaldbaek, JC., Dan. Tidsskr. Farm., 1969, 43, 7, 151. [all data]

Pommier and Azokpota, 1976
Pommier, C.; Azokpota, C., Study of phase transitions in metallocenes by determining specific heat curves, J. Calorim. Anal. Therm. [C.R.], 1976, 3-6, 1-8. [all data]

Edwards, Kington, et al., 1960
Edwards, J.W.; Kington, G.L.; Mason, R., The thermodynamic properties of ferrocene. Part 1. The low-temperature transition in ferrocene crystals, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1960, 56, 660-669. [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1989
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M., Ion DChemistry of Ferrocene. Thermochemistry of Ionization and Protonation and Solvent Clustering. Slow and Entropy - Driven Proton - Transfer Kinetics, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1989, 111, 8, 2830, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00190a014 . [all data]

Dias, Salema, et al., 1982
Dias, A.R.; Salema, M.S.; Martinho Simões, J.A., Organometallics, 1982, 1, 971. [all data]

Calhorda, Dias, et al., 1987
Calhorda, M.J.; Dias, A.R.; Minas da Piedade M.E.; Salema, M.S.; Martinho Simões J.A., Organometallics, 1987, 6, 734. [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Ryan, Eyler, et al., 1992
Ryan, M.F.; Eyler, J.R.; Richardson, D.E., Adiabatic ionization energies, bond disruption enthalpies, and solvation free energies for gas-phase metallocenes and metallocenium ions, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1992, 114, 8611. [all data]

Barfuss, Emrich, et al., 1990
Barfuss, S.; Emrich, R.-H.; Hirschwald, W.; Dowben, P.A.; Boag, N.M., A mass spectrometric investigation of chloro-, bromo- and methyl-ferrocenes by electron and photon impact ionisation, J. Org. Chem., 1990, 391, 209. [all data]

Barfuss, Grade, et al., 1987
Barfuss, S.; Grade, M.; Hirschwald, W.; Rosinger, W., The stability and decomposition of gaseous chloroferrocenes, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A:, 1987, 5, 1451. [all data]

Gleiter, Bohm, et al., 1984
Gleiter, R.; Bohm, M.C.; Ernst, R.D., The He(I) photoelectron spectrum of bis(pentadienyl)-iron: A comparison with the ferrocene spectrum, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1984, 33, 269. [all data]

Bar, Heinis, et al., 1982
Bar, R.; Heinis, T.; Nager, C.; Jungen, M., Photoionization of ferrocene, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1982, 91, 440. [all data]

Begun and Compton, 1973
Begun, G.M.; Compton, R.N., Electron impact ionization studies of ferrocene, cobaltocene, nickelocene, and magnesocene, J. Chem. Phys., 1973, 58, 2271. [all data]

Rabalais, Werme, et al., 1972
Rabalais, J.W.; Werme, L.O.; Bergmark, T.; Karlsson, L.; Hussain, M.; Siegbahn, K., Electron spectroscopy of open-shell systems: spectra of Ni(C₅H₅)₂, Fe(C₅H₅)₂, Mn(C₅H₅)₂, and Cr(C₅H₅)_Å2, J. Chem. Phys., 1972, 57, 1185. [all data]

Flesch, Junk, et al., 1972
Flesch, G.D.; Junk, G.A.; Svec, H.J., Ionization efficiency data and fragmentation mechanisms for ferrocene, nickelocene, and ruthenocene, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans., 1972, 1102. [all data]

Adamchuk, Dmitriev, et al., 1972
Adamchuk, V.K.; Dmitriev, A.B.; Prudnikova, G.V.; Sorokin, L.S., Photoionization of low-volatility molecules in a Geiger counter, Opt. Spectrosc., 1972, 33, 191, In original 358. [all data]

Puttemans and Hanson, 1971
Puttemans, J.-P.; Hanson, A., Etude energetique du ferrocene et du cobaltocene par impact electronique. Enthalpie de formation du radical cyclopentadienyle, Ing. Chim. (Brussels), 1971, 53, 17. [all data]

Muller and D'Or, 1967
Muller, J.; D'Or, L., Massenspektrometrische Untersuchungen an Dicyclopentadienylkomplexen von Ubergangsmetallen, J.Organometal. Chem., 1967, 10, 313. [all data]

Huttner and Fischer, 1967
Huttner, G.; Fischer, E.O., Uber Aromatenkomplexe von Metallen. XCVIII. Spectroskopische Untersuchungen an Charge-Transfer-Komplexen von Aromaten-Chrom Tricarbonylen mit 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzol, J. Organometal. Chem., 1967, 8, 299. [all data]

Foffani, Pignataro, et al., 1967
Foffani, A.; Pignataro, S.; Distefano, G.; Innorta, G., Influence of the ligand donor ability on the ionization potentials and fragmentation patterns of transition metal nitrosyl complexes, J. Organometal. Chem., 1967, 7, 473. [all data]

Cauletti, Green, et al., 1980
Cauletti, C.; Green, J.C.; Kelly, M.R.; Powell, P.; Van Tilborg, J., Photoelectron spectra of metallocenes, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1980, 19, 327. [all data]

Symon and Waddington, 1975
Symon, D.A.; Waddington, T.C., Valence-band photoelectron spectra of some dicarbonyl(η-cyclopentadienyl)(ligand)iron compounds and tetrakis [carbonyl(η-cyclopentadienyl)iron(1)], J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans., 1975, 2140. [all data]

Evans, Green, et al., 1974
Evans, S.; Green, M.L.H.; Jewitt, B.; King, G.H.; Orchard, A.F., Electronic structures of metal complexes containing the π-cyclopentadienyl and related ligands Part 2. He I photoelectron spectra of the open-shell metallocenes, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2, 1974, 70, 356. [all data]

Evans, Green, et al., 1972
Evans, S.; Green, M.L.H.; Jewitt, B.; Orchard, A.F.; Pygall, C.F., Electronic structure of metal complexes containing π-cyclopentadienyl and related ligands, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2, 1972, 68, 1847. [all data]

Evans, Orchard, et al., 1971
Evans, S.; Orchard, A.F.; Turner, D.W., A simple, medium resolution helium(I) photoelectron spectrometer, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1971, 7, 261. [all data]

Pignataro and Lossing, 1967
Pignataro, S.; Lossing, F.P., Mass spectra and ionization potentials of C₆H₆CrC₆H₆ and C₆H₆Cr(CO)₃, J. Organometal. Chem., 1967, 10, 531. [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  AE	Appearance energy
  Cp,solid	Constant pressure heat capacity of solid
  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  S°solid,1 bar	Entropy of solid at standard conditions (1 bar)
  T	Temperature
  Tboil	Boiling point
  Tfus	Fusion (melting) point
  ΔHtrs	Enthalpy of phase transition
  ΔStrs	Entropy of phase transition
  ΔcH°solid	Enthalpy of combustion of solid at standard conditions
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔfH°solid	Enthalpy of formation of solid at standard conditions
  ΔfusH	Enthalpy of fusion
  ΔrG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔsubH	Enthalpy of sublimation
  ΔsubH°	Enthalpy of sublimation at standard conditions
  ΔvapH	Enthalpy of vaporization
  ΔvapH°	Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
• The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
• Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.