Benzyl chloride

• Formula: C₇H₇Cl
• Molecular weight: 126.583
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C7H7Cl/c8-6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5H,6H2 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 100-44-7
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Other names: Benzene, (chloromethyl)-; Toluene, α-chloro-; α-Chlorotoluene; ω-Chlorotoluene; (Chloromethyl)benzene; Chlorophenylmethane; C6H5CH2Cl; α-Chlortoluol; Benzile (cloruro di); Benzylchlorid; Benzyle (chlorure de); Chlorure de benzyle; NCI-C06360; Rcra waste number P028; UN 1738; Phenylmethyl chloride; NSC 8043; Tolyl chloride
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• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Henry's Law data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • UV/Visible spectrum
  • Gas Chromatography
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Enthalpy of vaporization

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

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Enthalpy of fusion

Henry's Law data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Rolf Sander

Henry's Law constant (water solution)

k_H(T) = k°_H exp(d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) ((1/T) - 1/(298.15 K)))
k°_H = Henry's law constant for solubility in water at 298.15 K (mol/(kg*bar))
d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) = Temperature dependence constant (K)

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

Ionization energy determinations

Appearance energy determinations

De-protonation reactions

C₇H₆Cl^- +  =

By formula: C₇H₆Cl^- + H⁺ = C₇H₇Cl

C₇H₆Cl^- +  =

By formula: C₇H₆Cl^- + H⁺ = C₇H₇Cl

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Kirkbride, 1956
Kirkbride, F.W., The heats of chlorination of some hydrocarbons and their chloro-derivatives, J. Appl. Chem., 1956, 6, 11-21. [all data]

Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]

Smith and Andrews, 1931
Smith, R.H.; Andrews, D.H., Thermal energy studies. I. Phenyl derivatives of methane, ethane and some related compounds. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1931, 53, 3644-3660. [all data]

Timmermans and Hennaut-Roland, 1935
Timmermans, J.; Hennaut-Roland, M., Physical constants of 20 organic compounds. VII., J. Chim. Phys. Phys.-Chim. Biol., 1935, 32, 501. [all data]

Smith and Andrews, 1931, 2
Smith, R.H.; Andrews, D.H., Thermal Energy Studies I. Phenyl Derivatives of Methane, Ethane and Some Related Compounds, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1931, 53, 3644. [all data]

Altschul and Von Schneider, 1895
Altschul, M.; Von Schneider, B., Freezing points of some organic fluids, Z. Phys. Chem., Stoechiom. Verwandtschaftsl., 1895, 16, 24. [all data]

Krasnykh, Vasiltsova, et al., 2002
Krasnykh, Eugen L.; Vasiltsova, Tatiana V.; Verevkin, Sergey P.; Heintz, Andreas, Vapor Pressures and Enthalpies of Vaporization of Benzyl Halides and Benzyl Ethers, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 2002, 47, 6, 1372-1378, https://doi.org/10.1021/je020034h . [all data]

Ashcroft, 1976
Ashcroft, Stanley J., Vapor pressures and enthalpies of vaporization of benzyl halides, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1976, 21, 4, 397-398, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60071a009 . [all data]

Dykyj, Svoboda, et al., 1999
Dykyj, J.; Svoboda, J.; Wilhoit, R.C.; Frenkel, M.L.; Hall, K.R., Vapor Pressure of Chemicals: Part A. Vapor Pressure and Antoine Constants for Hydrocarbons and Sulfur, Selenium, Tellurium and Hydrogen Containing Organic Compounds, Springer, Berlin, 1999, 373. [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R., Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022 . [all data]

Ahmed and Eades, 1972
Ahmed, A.M.I.; Eades, R.G., Proton magnetic relaxation in toluene and some derivatives, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 2, 1972, 68, 1623, https://doi.org/10.1039/f29726801623 . [all data]

Traeger and Kompe, 1990
Traeger, J.C.; Kompe, B.M., Threshold C₇H₇ formation from the benzyl halides by photoionization mass spectrometry, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 1990, 101, 111. [all data]

Ponomarev, Takhimova, et al., 1974
Ponomarev, D.A.; Takhimova, V.V.; Akopyan, M.E.; Sergeyev, Y.L., Effect of alkyl groups on the stability of cations in the absence of solvation effects, Zh. Org. Khim., 1974, 10, 403. [all data]

Akopyan, Vilesov, et al., 1972
Akopyan, M.E.; Vilesov, F.I.; Lopatin, S.N., Photoionization of benzyl chloride, Khim. Vys. Energ., 1972, 6, 110. [all data]

Akopyan and Vilesov, 1966
Akopyan, M.E.; Vilesov, F.I., A mass-spectrometric study of the photo-ionisation of benzene derivatives at wavelengths up to 885 A, Zh. Fiz. Khim., 1966, 40, 125, In original 63. [all data]

Zverev and Ermolaeva, 1981
Zverev, V.V.; Ermolaeva, L.V., Ionization potentials and intramolecular charge transfer. II. The photoelectron spectrum and electronic structure of trichloromethylbenzene, Zh. Strukt. Khim., 1981, 22, 22. [all data]

Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S., Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules in Handbook of HeI Photoelectron Spectra of Fundamental Organic Compounds, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, 1981. [all data]

Schmidt and Schweig, 1973
Schmidt, H.; Schweig, A., C-Hal hyperkonjugation, Tetrahedron Lett., 1973, 981. [all data]

Wenthold and Squires, 1995
Wenthold, P.G.; Squires, R.R., Determination of the gas-phase acidities of halogen-substituted aromatic compounds using the silane-cleavage method, J. Mass Spectrom., 1995, 30, 1, 17, https://doi.org/10.1002/jms.1190300105 . [all data]

Poutsma, Nash, et al., 1997
Poutsma, J.C.; Nash, J.J.; Paulino, J.A.; Squires, R.R., Absolute Heats of Formation of Phenylcarbene and Vinylcarbene, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1997, 119, 20, 4686, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja963918s . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  AE	Appearance energy
  Cp,liquid	Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid
  Tboil	Boiling point
  Tfus	Fusion (melting) point
  d(ln(kH))/d(1/T)	Temperature dependence parameter for Henry's Law constant
  k°H	Henry's Law constant at 298.15K
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔfH°liquid	Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions
  ΔfusH	Enthalpy of fusion
  ΔrG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔvapH	Enthalpy of vaporization
  ΔvapH°	Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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