Styrene
- Formula: C8H8
- Molecular weight: 104.1491
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 100-42-5
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Other names: Benzene, ethenyl-; Bulstren K-525-19; Cinnamene; Phenethylene; Phenylethene; Phenylethylene; Styrol (German); Styrole; Styrolene; Styropol SO; Vinylbenzene; Vinylbenzol; Ethenylbenzene; Cinnaminol; Cinnamol; Styrol; Benzene, vinyl-; Cinnamenol; Ethylene, phenyl-; NCI-C02200; Stirolo; Styreen; Styren; Styrene monomer; Vinylbenzen; Annamene; NSC 62785; ethenylbenzene (styrene); Vinylbenzene (styrene)
- Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
- Information on this page:
- Other data available:
- Data at other public NIST sites:
- Options:
Data at NIST subscription sites:
NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.
Condensed phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔfH°liquid | 103.4 ± 0.92 | kJ/mol | Ccb | Prosen and Rossini, 1945 | ALS |
ΔfH°liquid | 108. | kJ/mol | Ccb | Landrieu, Baylocq, et al., 1929 | ALS |
ΔfH°liquid | 87.6 ± 4.0 | kJ/mol | Ccb | N/A | recalculated with modern CO2,H2O thermo; estimated uncertainty (NOTE all values in source also have wrong sign); DRB |
ΔfH°liquid | -58.6 | kJ/mol | Ccb | Moureu and Andre, 1914 | ALS |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔcH°liquid | -4390. ± 60. | kJ/mol | AVG | N/A | Average of 9 values; Individual data points |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
S°liquid | 240.5 | J/mol*K | N/A | Warfield and Petree, 1961 | DH |
S°liquid | 237.57 | J/mol*K | N/A | Pitzer, Guttman, et al., 1946 | DH |
S°liquid | 237.6 | J/mol*K | N/A | Guttman and Westrum, 1943 | DH |
Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid
Cp,liquid (J/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
183.2 | 298.15 | Lebedev, Lebedev, et al., 1985 | DH |
182.6 | 298.16 | Warfield and Petree, 1961 | T = 10 to 300 K.; DH |
235.6 | 298. | Kurbatov, 1950 | T = 21 to 139 C.; DH |
182.84 | 298.15 | Pitzer, Guttman, et al., 1946 | T = 15 to 300 K.; DH |
179.9 | 298.5 | Smith and Andrews, 1931 | T = 102 to 299 K. Value is unsmoothed experimental datum.; DH |
Phase change data
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tboil | 419. ± 2. | K | AVG | N/A | Average of 18 out of 19 values; Individual data points |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Tfus | 240. ± 30. | K | AVG | N/A | Average of 10 values; Individual data points |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Ttriple | 242.47 | K | N/A | Pitzer, Guttman, et al., 1946, 2 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.07 K; TRC |
Ttriple | 242.47 | K | N/A | Guttman, Westrum, et al., 1943 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.1 K; TRC |
Ttriple | 242.47 | K | N/A | Guttman, 1943 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.1 K; temperature scale based on To = 273.16 K; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔvapH° | 43.93 ± 0.42 | kJ/mol | V | Pitzer, Guttman, et al., 1946, 3 | ALS |
ΔvapH° | 43.9 | kJ/mol | N/A | Pitzer, Guttman, et al., 1946 | Based on data from 285. to 333. K.; AC |
ΔvapH° | 43.5 ± 0.4 | kJ/mol | N/A | Pitzer, Guttman, et al., 1946 | AC |
ΔvapH° | 43.5 | kJ/mol | N/A | Prosen and Rossini, 1945 | DRB |
ΔvapH° | 43.2 | kJ/mol | N/A | Patnode and Scheiber, 1939 | Based on data from 245. to 357. K.; AC |
Enthalpy of vaporization
ΔvapH (kJ/mol) | Temperature (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
42.5 | 260. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 245. to 334. K.; AC |
41.5 | 349. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 334. to 419. K.; AC |
42.5 | 319. | N/A | Chaiyavech and Van Winkle, 1959 | Based on data from 306. to 333. K.; AC |
43.1 | 318. | N/A | Dreyer, Martin, et al., 1955 | Based on data from 303. to 417. K.; AC |
40.2 | 348. | N/A | Burchfield, 1942 | Based on data from 306. to 389. K.; AC |
Antoine Equation Parameters
log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
P = vapor pressure (bar)
T = temperature (K)
View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.
Temperature (K) | A | B | C | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
305.6 to 355.34 | 4.0593 | 1459.909 | -59.551 | Chaiyavech and Van Winkle, 1959 | Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data. |
303.07 to 417.92 | 4.21948 | 1525.059 | -56.379 | Dreyer, Martin, et al., 1955 | Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data. |
Enthalpy of fusion
ΔfusH (kJ/mol) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
10.964 | 242.27 | Warfield and Petree, 1961 | DH |
10.949 | 242.27 | Pitzer, Guttman, et al., 1946 | DH |
10.950 | 242.47 | Guttman and Westrum, 1943 | DH |
10.950 | 242.47 | Lebedev, Lebedev, et al., 1985 | DH |
10.96 | 242.3 | Domalski and Hearing, 1996 | AC |
Entropy of fusion
ΔfusS (J/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
45.32 | 242.27 | Warfield and Petree, 1961 | DH |
45.16 | 242.27 | Pitzer, Guttman, et al., 1946 | DH |
45.16 | 242.47 | Guttman and Westrum, 1943 | DH |
45.2 | 242.47 | Lebedev, Lebedev, et al., 1985 | DH |
Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
View reactions leading to C8H8+ (ion structure unspecified)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IE (evaluated) | 8.464 ± 0.001 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Proton affinity (review) | 839.5 | kJ/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Gas basicity | 809.2 | kJ/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Ionization energy determinations
IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
8.464 ± 0.001 | TE | Dyke, Ozeki, et al., 1992 | LL |
8.47 | PE | Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981 | LLK |
8.43 | PI | Fu and Dunbar, 1978 | LLK |
8.2 ± 0.1 | EI | Reeher, Flesch, et al., 1976 | LLK |
8.42 | PE | Rabalais and Colton, 1973 | LLK |
8.40 ± 0.02 | PE | Maier and Turner, 1973 | LLK |
8.28 ± 0.04 | EI | Benito, Seidl, et al., 1973 | LLK |
8.53 | CTS | Lossing and Semeluk, 1969 | RDSH |
8.43 ± 0.01 | PE | Dewar and Worley, 1969 | RDSH |
8.42 | PE | Turner, 1966 | RDSH |
8.47 ± 0.02 | PI | Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962 | RDSH |
8.48 | PE | Kobayashi, 1978 | Vertical value; LLK |
8.58 | PI | Fu and Dunbar, 1978 | Vertical value; LLK |
8.50 | PE | Bruckmann and Klessinger, 1974 | Vertical value; LLK |
8.49 | PE | Kobayashi, Yokota, et al., 1973 | Vertical value; LLK |
8.55 | PE | Bock, Wagner, et al., 1972 | Vertical value; LLK |
8.55 | PE | Bock and Wagner, 1972 | Vertical value; LLK |
Appearance energy determinations
Ion | AE (eV) | Other Products | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C3H3+ | 14.90 ± 0.10 | ? | EI | Franklin and Carroll, 1969 | RDSH |
C4H2+ | 19.85 ± 0.25 | 2C2H2+H2 | EI | Franklin and Carroll, 1969 | RDSH |
C4H2+ | 20.22 ± 0.10 | 2C2H2+H2 | EI | Franklin and Carroll, 1969 | RDSH |
C4H3+ | 19.61 ± 0.10 | 2C2H2+H | EI | Franklin and Carroll, 1969 | RDSH |
C4H4+ | 17.25 ± 0.15 | 2C2H2 | EI | Franklin and Carroll, 1969 | RDSH |
C5H3+ | 17.74 ± 0.10 | C2H2+CH3? | EI | Franklin and Carroll, 1969 | RDSH |
C6H5+ | 16.02 ± 0.10 | C2H2+H | EI | Franklin and Carroll, 1969 | RDSH |
C6H6+ | 12.38 ± 0.05 | C2H2 | EI | Franklin and Carroll, 1969 | RDSH |
C6H6+ | 12.30 ± 0.10 | C2H2 | EI | Franklin and Carroll, 1969 | RDSH |
C8H6+ | 12.72 ± 0.10 | H2 | EI | Franklin and Carroll, 1969 | RDSH |
C8H7+ | 12.41 ± 0.10 | H | EI | Franklin and Carroll, 1969 | RDSH |
De-protonation reactions
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 1636. ± 10. | kJ/mol | TDEq | Meot-ner and Kafafi, 1988 | gas phase; Acid: styrene. AM1 says ortho deprotonation prefered to alpha. Anchored to 88MEO scale.; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 1604. ± 8.4 | kJ/mol | TDEq | Meot-ner and Kafafi, 1988 | gas phase; Acid: styrene. AM1 says ortho deprotonation prefered to alpha. Anchored to 88MEO scale.; B |
Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Spectrum
Notice: This spectrum may be better viewed with a Javascript and HTML 5 enabled browser.
Additional Data
View image of digitized spectrum (can be printed in landscape orientation).
Due to licensing restrictions, this spectrum cannot be downloaded.
Owner | NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. |
---|---|
Origin | NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, 1998. |
NIST MS number | 290820 |
References
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Prosen and Rossini, 1945
Prosen, E.J.; Rossini, F.D.,
Heats of formation and combustion of 1,3-butadiene and styrene,
J. Res. NBS, 1945, 34, 59-63. [all data]
Landrieu, Baylocq, et al., 1929
Landrieu, P.; Baylocq, F.; Johnson, J.R.,
Etude thermochimique dans la serie furanique,
Bull. Soc. Chim. France, 1929, 45, 36-49. [all data]
Moureu and Andre, 1914
Moureu, C.; Andre, E.,
Thermochimie des composes acetyleniques,
Ann. Chim. Phys., 1914, 1, 113-145. [all data]
Warfield and Petree, 1961
Warfield, R.W.; Petree, M.C.,
Thermodynamic properties of polystyrene and styrene,
J. Polymer Sci., 1961, 55, 497-505. [all data]
Pitzer, Guttman, et al., 1946
Pitzer, K.S.; Guttman, L.; Westrum, E.F.,
Jr., The heat capacity, heats of fusion and vaporization, vapor pressure, entropy vibration frequencies and barrier to internal rotation of styrene,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1946, 68, 2209-2212. [all data]
Guttman and Westrum, 1943
Guttman, L.; Westrum, E.F.,
Jr., and Pitzer, K.S., The thermodynamics of styrene (phenylethylene), including equilibrium of formation from ethylbenzene,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1943, 65, 1246-1247. [all data]
Lebedev, Lebedev, et al., 1985
Lebedev, B.V.; Lebedev, N.K.; Smirnova, N.N.; Kozyreva, N.M.; Kirillin, A.I.; Korshak, V.V.,
The isotope effect in the thermodynamic parameters of polymerization of styrene,
Dokl. Akad. Nauk, 1985, SSSR 281, 379-383. [all data]
Kurbatov, 1950
Kurbatov, V.Ya.,
Specific heats of liquids. III. Specific heat of hydrocarbons with several noncondensed rings,
Zhur. Obshch. Khim., 1950, 20, 1139-1144. [all data]
Smith and Andrews, 1931
Smith, R.H.; Andrews, D.H.,
Thermal energy studies. I. Phenyl derivatives of methane,
ethane and some related compounds. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1931, 53, 3644-3660. [all data]
Pitzer, Guttman, et al., 1946, 2
Pitzer, K.S.; Guttman, L.; Westrum, E.F.,
The Heat Capacity, Heats of Fusion and Vaporization, Vapor Pressure Entropy, Vib. Frequencies, and Barrier to Internal Rotation of Styrene,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1946, 68, 2209. [all data]
Guttman, Westrum, et al., 1943
Guttman, L.; Westrum, E.F.; Pitzer, K.S.,
The Thermodynamics of Styrene (Phenylethylene) Including the Equilibrium Formation from Ethylbenzene,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1943, 65, 1246. [all data]
Guttman, 1943
Guttman, L.,
, Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Calif., Berkeley, 1943. [all data]
Pitzer, Guttman, et al., 1946, 3
Pitzer, K.S.; Guttman, L.; Westrum, E.F., Jr.,
The heat capacity, heats of fusion and vaporization, vapor pressure, entropy, vibration frequencies and barrier to internal rotation of styrene,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1946, 68, 2209-22. [all data]
Patnode and Scheiber, 1939
Patnode, Winton.; Scheiber, W.J.,
The Density, Thermal Expansion, Vapor Pressure, and Refractive Index of Styrene, and the Density and Thermal Expansion of Polystyrene,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1939, 61, 12, 3449-3451, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01267a066
. [all data]
Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw,
Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2
. [all data]
Chaiyavech and Van Winkle, 1959
Chaiyavech, Pramote; Van Winkle, Matthew,
Styrene-Ethylbenzene Vapor-Liquid Equilibria at Reduced Pressures.,
J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1959, 4, 1, 53-56, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60001a008
. [all data]
Dreyer, Martin, et al., 1955
Dreyer, R.; Martin, W.; von Weber, U.,
Die S«65533»ttigungsdampfdrucke von Benzol, Toluol, «65533»thylbenzol, Styrol, Cumol und Brombenzol zwischen 10 und 760 Torr,
J. Prakt. Chem., 1955, 1, 5-6, 324-328, https://doi.org/10.1002/prac.19550010508
. [all data]
Burchfield, 1942
Burchfield, P.E.,
Vapor Pressures of Indene, Styrene and Dicyclopentadiene,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1942, 64, 10, 2501-2501, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01262a504
. [all data]
Domalski and Hearing, 1996
Domalski, Eugene S.; Hearing, Elizabeth D.,
Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase. Volume III,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1996, 25, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555985
. [all data]
Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G.,
Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018
. [all data]
Dyke, Ozeki, et al., 1992
Dyke, J.M.; Ozeki, H.; Takahashi, M.; Cockett, M.C.R.; Kimura, K.,
A study of phenylacetylene and styrene, and their argon complexes PA-Ar and ST-Ar with laser threshold photoelectron spectroscopy,
J. Chem. Phys., 1992, 97, 8926. [all data]
Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S.,
Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules
in Handbook of HeI Photoelectron Spectra of Fundamental Organic Compounds, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, 1981. [all data]
Fu and Dunbar, 1978
Fu, E.W.; Dunbar, R.C.,
Photodissociation spectroscopy and structural rearrangements in ions of cyclooctatetraene, styrene and related molecules,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1978, 100, 2283. [all data]
Reeher, Flesch, et al., 1976
Reeher, J.R.; Flesch, G.D.; Svec, H.J.,
The mass spectra and ionization potentials of the neutral fragments produced during the electron bombardment of aromatic compounds,
Org. Mass Spectrom., 1976, 11, 154. [all data]
Rabalais and Colton, 1973
Rabalais, J.W.; Colton, R.J.,
Electronic interaction between the phenyl group and its unsaturated substituents,
J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1973, 1, 83. [all data]
Maier and Turner, 1973
Maier, J.P.; Turner, D.W.,
Steric inhibition of resonance studied by molecular photoelectron spectroscopy. Part 2. Phenylethylenes,
J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2, 1973, 69, 196. [all data]
Benito, Seidl, et al., 1973
Benito, I.; Seidl, H.; Bock, H.,
Efectos electronicos y estericos de sustituyentes alquilicos y silicicos sobre el sistema electronico π del estireno,
Rev. Fac. Cienc. Univ. Oviedo, 1973, 14, 95. [all data]
Lossing and Semeluk, 1969
Lossing, F.P.; Semeluk, G.P.,
Threshold ionization efficiency curves for monoenergetic electron impact on H2, D2, CH4 and CD4,
Intern. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1969, 2, 408. [all data]
Dewar and Worley, 1969
Dewar, M.J.S.; Worley, S.D.,
Photoelectron spectra of molecules. I. Ionization potentials of some organic molecules and their interpretation,
J. Chem. Phys., 1969, 50, 654. [all data]
Turner, 1966
Turner, D.W.,
Ionization potentials,
Advan. Phys. Org. Chem., 1966, 4, 31. [all data]
Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962
Watanabe, K.; Nakayama, T.; Mottl, J.,
Ionization potentials of some molecules,
J. Quant. Spectry. Radiative Transfer, 1962, 2, 369. [all data]
Kobayashi, 1978
Kobayashi, T.,
A simple general tendency in photoelectron angular distributions of some monosubstituted benzenes,
Phys. Lett., 1978, 69, 105. [all data]
Bruckmann and Klessinger, 1974
Bruckmann, P.; Klessinger, M.,
Photoelektronenspektren organischer verbindungen. V. Wechselwirkung kleiner ringe mit π-systemen,
Chem. Ber., 1974, 107, 1108. [all data]
Kobayashi, Yokota, et al., 1973
Kobayashi, T.; Yokota, K.; Nagakura, S.,
Photoelectron spectra of styrenes,
J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1973, 3, 449. [all data]
Bock, Wagner, et al., 1972
Bock, H.; Wagner, G.; Kroner, J.,
Photoelektronenspektren und molekuleigenschaften, XIV. Die delokalisation des schwefel-elektronenpaar in CH3S-substituierten aromaten,
Chem. Ber., 1972, 105, 3850. [all data]
Bock and Wagner, 1972
Bock, H.; Wagner, G.,
Electron lone pairs in organic sulfides and disulfides,
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1972, 11, 119. [all data]
Franklin and Carroll, 1969
Franklin, J.L.; Carroll, S.R.,
The effect of molecular structure on ionic decomposition. I. An electron impact study of seven C8H8 isomers,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1969, 91, 5940. [all data]
Meot-ner and Kafafi, 1988
Meot-ner, M.; Kafafi, S.A.,
Carbon Acidities of Aromatic Compounds,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1988, 110, 19, 6297, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00227a003
. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References
- Symbols used in this document:
AE Appearance energy Cp,liquid Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy S°liquid Entropy of liquid at standard conditions Tboil Boiling point Tfus Fusion (melting) point Ttriple Triple point temperature ΔcH°liquid Enthalpy of combustion of liquid at standard conditions ΔfH°liquid Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions ΔfusH Enthalpy of fusion ΔfusS Entropy of fusion ΔrG° Free energy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions ΔvapH Enthalpy of vaporization ΔvapH° Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
- The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
- Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.