Hydrogen bromide

• Formula: BrH
• Molecular weight: 80.912
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/BrH/h1H Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 10035-10-6
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Other names: Hydrobromic acid; Anhydrous hydrobromic acid; HBr; Hydrogen bromide, anhydrous-; Acide bromhydrique; Acido bromidrico; Bromowodor; Bromwasserstoff; Broomwaterstof; UN 1048; UN 1788; Hydrogen monobromide
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data (reactions 1 to 50)
  • Henry's Law data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Ion clustering data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • Constants of diatomic molecules
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Reaction thermochemistry data: reactions 51 to 76
• Options:
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
    C_p = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

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Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
MS - José A. Martinho Simões
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Reactions 1 to 50

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Br^- + HBr = (Br^- • HBr)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

 +  =

By formula: Br^- + H⁺ = HBr

C₈H₆MoO₃ (cr) +  (solution) =  (solution) +  (cr)

By formula: C₈H₆MoO₃ (cr) + Br₂ (solution) = HBr (solution) + C₈H₅BrMoO₃ (cr)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: NO₃^- + HBr = (NO₃^- • HBr)

Free energy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: I^- + HBr = (I^- • HBr)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

 +  =

By formula: HBr + C₃H₆ = C₃H₇Br

( • ) +  = ( •  • )

By formula: (Br^- • O₂S) + HBr = (Br^- • HBr • O₂S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

( • ) +  = ( •  • )

By formula: (NO₃^- • HNO₃) + HBr = (NO₃^- • HBr • HNO₃)

 (g) + CH₃BrMg (solution) =  (solution) + Br₂Mg (solution)

By formula: HBr (g) + CH₃BrMg (solution) = CH₄ (solution) + Br₂Mg (solution)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Br^- • HBr) + HBr = (Br^- • 2HBr)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

 + 0.5 =  +  + 0.5

By formula: C₄H₄BrNO₂ + 0.5H₄N₂ = HBr + C₄H₅NO₂ + 0.5N₂

 +  = ( • )

By formula: CH₃⁺ + HBr = (CH₃⁺ • HBr)

C₄H₉Li (l) +  (g) =  (l) +  (cr)

By formula: C₄H₉Li (l) + HBr (g) = C₄H₁₀ (l) + BrLi (cr)

 (g) +  (cr) =  (g) +  (cr)

By formula: HBr (g) + CH₃Li (cr) = CH₄ (g) + BrLi (cr)

 (g) +  (cr) =  (g) +  (cr)

By formula: HBr (g) + C₂H₅Li (cr) = C₂H₆ (g) + BrLi (cr)

 (g) + C₄H₉Li (l) =  (l) +  (cr)

By formula: HBr (g) + C₄H₉Li (l) = C₄H₁₀ (l) + BrLi (cr)

( • ) +  = ( •  • )

By formula: (NO₃^- • HBr) + HNO₃ = (NO₃^- • HNO₃ • HBr)

 +  =

By formula: HBr + C₄H₈ = C₄H₉Br

 +  =

By formula: HBr + C₄H₈ = C₄H₉Br

 +  =

By formula: HBr + C₄H₈ = C₄H₉Br

 +  =

By formula: HBr + C₃H₆ = C₃H₇Br

( • ) +  = ( •  • )

By formula: (Br^- • HBr) + O₂S = (Br^- • O₂S • HBr)

 +  =  + 

By formula: C₂H₃BrO + H₂O = HBr + C₂H₄O₂

 +  =  + 

By formula: H₂ + C₃H₇Br = HBr + C₃H₈

 +  =  + 

By formula: HBr + C₇H₇Br = C₇H₈ + Br₂

=  + 

By formula: C₃H₆Br₂ = HBr + C₃H₅Br

 + 218.5 + 11.25 +  =  + 13 + 1.5

By formula: CBrN₃O₆ + 218.5H₂O + 11.25O₂ + C₁₂H₁₄O₄ = HBr + 13CO₂ + 1.5N₂

=  + 

By formula: C₂H₅Br = HBr + C₂H₄

C₈H₆MoO₃ (cr) + 2 (solution) = C₇H₅Br₃MoO₂ (solution) +  (solution) +  (solution)

By formula: C₈H₆MoO₃ (cr) + 2Br₂ (solution) = C₇H₅Br₃MoO₂ (solution) + HBr (solution) + CO (solution)

 +  =  + 

By formula: C₃H₄O₄ + Br₂ = HBr + C₃H₃BrO₄

 +  =  + 

By formula: C₇H₉NO + C₇H₅BrO = HBr + C₁₄H₁₃NO₂

 +  =  + 

By formula: C₇H₉N + C₇H₅BrO = HBr + C₁₄H₁₃NO

 +  =  + 

By formula: HBr + C₃H₅BrO = C₃H₆O + Br₂

 +  =

By formula: HBr + C₂F₄ = C₂HBrF₄

 +  =  + 

By formula: C₇H₅BrO + C₆H₇N = HBr + C₁₃H₁₁NO

 +  =

By formula: HBr + C₂ClF₃ = C₂HBrClF₃

 +  = 2 + 

By formula: CBr₂O + H₂O = 2HBr + CO₂

=  + 

By formula: C₂H₄BrCl = HBr + C₂H₃Cl

 (g) + C₂H₃BrMg (solution) =  (solution) + Br₂Mg (solution)

By formula: HBr (g) + C₂H₃BrMg (solution) = C₂H₄ (solution) + Br₂Mg (solution)

C₄H₉BrMg (solution) +  (g) =  (solution) + Br₂Mg (solution)

By formula: C₄H₉BrMg (solution) + HBr (g) = C₄H₁₀ (solution) + Br₂Mg (solution)

C₄H₉BrMg (solution) +  (g) =  (solution) + Br₂Mg (solution)

By formula: C₄H₉BrMg (solution) + HBr (g) = C₄H₁₀ (solution) + Br₂Mg (solution)

C₅H₁₁BrMg (solution) +  (g) =  (solution) + Br₂Mg (solution)

By formula: C₅H₁₁BrMg (solution) + HBr (g) = C₅H₁₂ (solution) + Br₂Mg (solution)

C₁₉H₁₅BrMg (solution) +  (g) =  (solution) + Br₂Mg (solution)

By formula: C₁₉H₁₅BrMg (solution) + HBr (g) = C₁₉H₁₆ (solution) + Br₂Mg (solution)

 +  =  + 

By formula: C₃H₅Br + H₂O = HBr + C₃H₆O

 +  =  + 

By formula: C₇H₇Br + H₂O = HBr + C₇H₈O

C₃H₇BrMg (solution) +  (g) =  (solution) + Br₂Mg (solution)

By formula: C₃H₇BrMg (solution) + HBr (g) = C₃H₈ (solution) + Br₂Mg (solution)

 +  =  + 

By formula: C₇H₅BrO + H₂O = HBr + C₇H₆O₂

 (g) + C₂H₅BrMg (solution) =  (solution) + Br₂Mg (solution)

By formula: HBr (g) + C₂H₅BrMg (solution) = C₂H₆ (solution) + Br₂Mg (solution)

=  + C₁₀H₁₅N

By formula: C₁₀H₁₆N.Br = HBr + C₁₀H₁₅N

 +  =

By formula: HBr + C₉H₁₀ = C₉H₁₁Br

Henry's Law data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Rolf Sander

Henry's Law constant (water solution)

k_H(T) = k°_H exp(d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) ((1/T) - 1/(298.15 K)))
k°_H = Henry's law constant for solubility in water at 298.15 K (mol/(kg*bar))
d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) = Temperature dependence constant (K)

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to HBr⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Ionization energy determinations

De-protonation reactions

 +  =

By formula: Br^- + H⁺ = HBr

Ion clustering data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Br^- + HBr = (Br^- • HBr)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Br^- • HBr) + HBr = (Br^- • 2HBr)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

( • ) +  = ( •  • )

By formula: (Br^- • O₂S) + HBr = (Br^- • HBr • O₂S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: CH₃⁺ + HBr = (CH₃⁺ • HBr)

HBr⁺ +  = (HBr⁺ • )

By formula: HBr⁺ + HBr = (HBr⁺ • HBr)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: I^- + HBr = (I^- • HBr)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: NO₃^- + HBr = (NO₃^- • HBr)

Free energy of reaction

( • ) +  = ( •  • )

By formula: (NO₃^- • HNO₃) + HBr = (NO₃^- • HBr • HNO₃)

IR Spectrum

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

Gas Phase Spectrum

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Notice: Except where noted, spectra from this collection were measured on dispersive instruments, often in carefully selected solvents, and hence may differ in detail from measurements on FTIR instruments or in other chemical environments. More information on the manner in which spectra in this collection were collected can be found here.

Notice: Concentration information is not available for this spectrum and, therefore, molar absorptivity values cannot be derived.

Additional Data

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Additional Data

Constants of diatomic molecules

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), NIST Free Links, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Klaus P. Huber and Gerhard H. Herzberg

Data collected through December, 1976

Notes

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Constants of diatomic molecules, NIST Free Links, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984
Cox, J.D.; Wagman, D.D.; Medvedev, V.A., CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1984, 1. [all data]

Chase, 1998
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Dreisbach, 1955
Dreisbach, R.R., Physical Properties of Chemical Compounds, Advances in Chemistry Series No. 15, Am. Chem. Soc.: Washington, D. C., 1955. [all data]

Maass and Russell, 1918
Maass, O.; Russell, J., Unsaturation and molecular compound formation, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1918, 40, 1561-1573. [all data]

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Beckmann, E.; Waentig, P., Cryoscopic Measurements at Low Temperatures, Z. Anorg. Chem., 1910, 67, 17. [all data]

Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R., Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022 . [all data]

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Caldwell, G.; Kebarle, P., The hydrogen bond energies of the bihalide ions XHX- and YHX-, Can. J. Chem., 1985, 63, 1399. [all data]

Davidson, Fehsenfeld, et al., 1977
Davidson, J.A.; Fehsenfeld, F.C.; Howard, C.J., The heats of formation of NO₃- and NO₃- association complexes with HNO₃ and HBr, Int. J. Chem. Kinet., 1977, 9, 17. [all data]

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Blondel, C.; Cacciani, P.; Delsart, C.; Trainham, R., High Resolution Determination of the Electron Affinity of Fluorine and Bromine using Crossed Ion and Laser Beams, Phys. Rev. A, 1989, 40, 7, 3698, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.40.3698 . [all data]

Taft and Bordwell, 1988
Taft, R.W.; Bordwell, F.G., Structural and Solvent Effects Evaluated from Acidities Measured in Dimethyl Sulfoxide and in the Gas Phase, Acc. Chem. Res., 1988, 21, 12, 463, https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00156a005 . [all data]

Check, Faust, et al., 2001
Check, C.E.; Faust, T.O.; Bailey, J.M.; Wright, B.J.; Gilbert, T.M.; Sunderlin, L.S., Addition of Polarization and Diffuse Functions to the LANL2DZ Basis Set for P-Block Elements, J. Phys. Chem. A,, 2001, 105, 34, 8111, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp011945l . [all data]

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Lacher, Kianpour, et al., 1957
Lacher, J.R.; Kianpour, A.; Park, J.D., Reaction heats of organic halogen compounds. X. Vapor phase heats of hydrobromination of cyclopropane and propylene, J. Phys. Chem., 1957, 61, 1124-1125. [all data]

Lacher, Lea, et al., 1950
Lacher, J.R.; Lea, K.R.; Walden, C.H.; Olson, G.G.; Park, J.D., Reaction heats of organic fluorine compounds. III. The vapor phase heats of hydrobromination of some simple fluoroolefins, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1950, 72, 3231-3234. [all data]

Lacher, Walden, et al., 1950
Lacher, J.R.; Walden, C.H.; Lea, K.R.; Park, J.D., Vapor phase heats of hydrobromination of cyclopropane and propylene, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1950, 72, 331-333. [all data]

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Holm, 1981
Holm, T., J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. II, 1981, 464.. [all data]

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Pedley, J.B., Thermodynamic Data and Structures of Organic Compounds; Thermodynamics Research Center Data Series, Vol I, Thermodynamics Research Center, College Station, 1994. [all data]

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Howard, P.B.; Skinner, H.A., Thermochemistry of some reactions of aqueous hydrazine with halogens, hydrogen halides and N-halogenosuccinimides, J. Chem. Soc. A, 1966, 1536-1540. [all data]

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McMahon, T.; Heinis, T.; Nicol, G.; Hovey, J.K.; Kebarle, P., Methyl Cation Affinities, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1988, 110, 23, 7591, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00231a002 . [all data]

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Holm, T., J. Organometal. Chem., 1974, 77, 27. [all data]

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Liebman, J.F.; Martinho Simões, J.A.; Slayden, S.W., In Lithium Chemistry: A Theoretical and Experimental Overview Wiley: New York, Sapse, A.-M.; Schleyer, P. von Ragué, ed(s)., 1995. [all data]

Lacher, Billings, et al., 1952
Lacher, J.R.; Billings, T.J.; Campion, D.E., Vapor phase heats of hydrobromination of the isomeric butenes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1952, 74, 5291-52. [all data]

Devore and O'Neal, 1969
Devore, J.A.; O'Neal, H.E., Heats of formation of the acetyl halides and of the acetyl radical, J. Phys. Chem., 1969, 73, 2644-2648. [all data]

Carson and Skinner, 1949
Carson, A.S.; Skinner, H.A., 201. Carbon-halogen bond energies in the acetyl halides, J. Chem. Soc., 1949, 936-939. [all data]

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Davies, J.; Lacher, J.R.; Park, J.D., Reaction heats of organic compounds. Part 4.-Heats of hydrogenation of n- and iso-Propyl bromides and chlorides, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1965, 61, 2413-2416. [all data]

Benson and Buss, 1957
Benson, S.W.; Buss, J.H., The thermodynamics of bromination of toluene and the heat of formation of the benzyl radical, J. Phys. Chem., 1957, 61, 104-109. [all data]

Levanova, Rodova, et al., 1983
Levanova, S.V.; Rodova, R.M.; Tereshkina, T.P.; Zabrodina, T.I., Thermocatalytic reactions of bromochloropropanes, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 1983, 57, 1142-1146. [all data]

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Sharonov, K.G.; Rozhnov, A.M., Dehydrobromination of 2,2-dibromopropane, Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Khim. Khim. Tekhnol., 1971, 14, 389-393. [all data]

Carpenter, Zimmer, et al., 1970
Carpenter, G.A.; Zimmer, M.F.; Baroody, E.E.; Robb, R.A., Enthalpy of formation of bromotrinitromethane, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1970, 15, 553-556. [all data]

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Lane, M.R.; Linnett, J.W.; Oswin, H.G., A study of the C₂H₄+HCl=C₂H₅Cl and C2H4+Hbr=C2H5Br equilibria, Proc. Roy. Soc. London A, 1953, 216, 361-374. [all data]

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Watanabe, K., Ionization potentials of some molecules, J. Chem. Phys., 1957, 26, 542. [all data]

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Barrow, R.F.; Stamper, J.G., The absorption spectrum of gaseous hydrogen bromide in the Schumann region. I. Rotational analysis, Proc. R. Soc. London A, 1961, 263, 259. [all data]

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Stamper, J.G., The absorption spectrum of DBr in the vacuum ultraviolet region, Can. J. Phys., 1962, 40, 1279. [all data]

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Ginter, M.L.; Tilford, S.G., Electronic spectra and structure of the hydrogen halides. States associated with the (σ²π³)cπ and (σ²π³) cσ configurations of HBr and DBr, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1971, 37, 159. [all data]

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Bates, J.R.; Halford, J.O.; Anderson, L.C., A comparison of some physical properties of hydrogen and deuterium bromides, J. Chem. Phys., 1935, 3, 531. [all data]

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Goodeve, C.F.; Taylor, A.W.C., The continuous absorption spectrum of hydrogen bromide, Proc. R. Soc. London A, 1935, 152, 221. [all data]

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Van Dijk, F.A.; Dymanus, A., Hyperfine structure of the rotational spectrum of HBr and in the submillimeter wave region, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1969, 4, 170. [all data]

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Notes

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• Symbols used in this document:
  

  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  S°gas,1 bar	Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar)
  T	Temperature
  Tfus	Fusion (melting) point
  d(ln(kH))/d(1/T)	Temperature dependence parameter for Henry's Law constant
  k°H	Henry's Law constant at 298.15K
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔrG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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