sulfur

• Formula: S
• Molecular weight: 32.065
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/S Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 7704-34-9
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file
• Other names: Insoluble sulfur; Sulphur; Sulfur atom
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Ion clustering data
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Lines Holdings (on physics web site)
  • NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Levels Holdings (on physics web site)
  • NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Ground states and ionization energies (on physics web site)
  • Computational Chemistry Comparison and Benchmark Database
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
  • X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
    C_p = heat capacity (cal/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kcal/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (cal/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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Condensed phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Liquid Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
    C_p = heat capacity (cal/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kcal/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (cal/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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Solid Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
    C_p = heat capacity (cal/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kcal/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (cal/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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View table.

Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director

Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

(HS^- • 4294967295) +  = HS^-

By formula: (HS^- • 4294967295S) + S = HS^-

(CAS Reg. No. 12269-52-2 • 4294967295) +  = CAS Reg. No. 12269-52-2

By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 12269-52-2 • 4294967295S) + S = CAS Reg. No. 12269-52-2

(CAS Reg. No. 66524-41-2 • 4294967295) +  = CAS Reg. No. 66524-41-2

By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 66524-41-2 • 4294967295S) + S = CAS Reg. No. 66524-41-2

(CAS Reg. No. 66524-43-4 • 4294967295) +  = CAS Reg. No. 66524-43-4

By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 66524-43-4 • 4294967295S) + S = CAS Reg. No. 66524-43-4

=  + 

By formula: COS = CO + S

(CAS Reg. No. 12597-11-4 • 4294967295) +  = CAS Reg. No. 12597-11-4

By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 12597-11-4 • 4294967295S) + S = CAS Reg. No. 12597-11-4

(CAS Reg. No. 37301-16-9 • 4294967295) +  = CAS Reg. No. 37301-16-9

By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 37301-16-9 • 4294967295S) + S = CAS Reg. No. 37301-16-9

(CAS Reg. No. 184378-98-1 • 4294967295) +  = CAS Reg. No. 184378-98-1

By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 184378-98-1 • 4294967295S) + S = CAS Reg. No. 184378-98-1

(S₂^- • 4294967295) +  = S₂^-

By formula: (S₂^- • 4294967295S) + S = S₂^-

(S₃^- • 4294967295) +  = S₃^-

By formula: (S₃^- • 4294967295S) + S = S₃^-

(FS^- • 4294967295) +  = FS^-

By formula: (FS^- • 4294967295S) + S = FS^-

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984
Cox, J.D.; Wagman, D.D.; Medvedev, V.A., CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1984, 1. [all data]

Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr., NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]

Rau, Kutty, et al., 1973
Rau, H.; Kutty, T.R.N.; Guedes de Carvalho, J.R.F., High temperature saturated vapor pressure of sulphur and the estimation of its critical quantities, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1973, 5, 291-302. [all data]

Chaibi, Delsart, et al., 2006
Chaibi, W.; Delsart, C.; Drag, C.; Blondel, C., High precision measurement of the (SH)-S-32 electron affinity by laser detachment microscopy, J. Molec. Spectros., 2006, 239, 1, 11-15, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jms.2006.05.012 . [all data]

Breyer, Frey, et al., 1981
Breyer, F.; Frey, P.; Hotop, H., High Resolution Photoelectron Spectrometry of Negative Ions: Rotational Transitions in Laser-Photodetachment of OH-, SH-, and SD-, Z. Phys. A, 1981, 300, 1, 7, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01412609 . [all data]

Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979
Bartmess, J.E.; Scott, J.A.; McIver, R.T., Jr., The gas phase acidity scale from methanol to phenol, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 6047. [all data]

Shiell, Hu, et al., 1900
Shiell, R.C.; Hu, X.K.; Hu, Q.J.; Hepburn, J.W., A determination of the bond dissociation energy (D-0(H-SH)): Threshold ion-pair production spectroscopy (TIPPS) of a triatomic molecule, J. Phys. Chem. A, 1900, 104, 19, 4339-4342, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp000025k . [all data]

Gurvich, Veyts, et al.
Gurvich, L.V.; Veyts, I.V.; Alcock, C.B., Hemisphere Publishing, NY, 1989, V. 1 2, Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Substances, 4th Ed. [all data]

Polak, Fiala, et al., 1991
Polak, M.L.; Fiala, B.L.; Lineberger, W.C.; Ervin, K.M., The Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectrum of SO-, J. Chem. Phys., 1991, 94, 10, 6926, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.460223 . [all data]

Feldman, 1970
Feldman, D., Photoablosung von Elektronen bei einigen Stabilen Negativen Ionen, Z. Naturfor., 1970, 25A, 621. [all data]

Hunsicker, Jones, et al., 1995
Hunsicker, S.; Jones, R.O.; Gantefor, G., Rings and chains in sulfur cluster anions S- to S-9(-): Theory (simulated annealing) and experiment (photoelectron detachment), J. Chem. Phys., 1995, 102, 15, 5917, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.469326 . [all data]

Bechtold, 1965
Bechtold, V.E., Bestimmung des Standardwertes der freien Reaktionsenthalpie für die Bildung von Kohlenoxysulfid aus Kohlenmonoxyd, Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem., 1965, 69, 326-328. [all data]

Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]

Moran and Ellison, 1988
Moran, S.; Ellison, G.B., Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Sulfur Ions, J. Phys. Chem., 1988, 92, 7, 1794, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100318a021 . [all data]

Nimlos and Ellison, 1986
Nimlos, M.R.; Ellison, G.B., Photoelectron spectroscopy of SO₂^-, S₃^-, and S₂O^-, J. Phys. Chem., 1986, 90, 2574. [all data]

Polak, Gilles, et al., 1992
Polak, M.L.; Gilles, M.K.; Lineberger, W.C., Photoelectron Spectroscopy of SF-, J. Chem. Phys., 1992, 96, 9, 7191, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.462526 . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  Pc	Critical pressure
  S°gas,1 bar	Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar)
  S°liquid,1 bar	Entropy of liquid at standard conditions (1 bar)
  S°solid,1 bar	Entropy of solid at standard conditions (1 bar)
  Tc	Critical temperature
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔfH°liquid	Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ρc	Critical density

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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