Methane

• Formula: CH₄
• Molecular weight: 16.0425
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/CH4/h1H4 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 74-82-8
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Other names: Marsh gas; Methyl hydride; CH4; Fire Damp; R 50; Biogas; R 50 (refrigerant)
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data (reactions 1 to 50)
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Phase change data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data: reactions 51 to 100, reactions 101 to 112
  • Henry's Law data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Ion clustering data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
  • Fluid Properties
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Microwave spectra (on physics lab web site)
  • Electron-Impact Ionization Cross Sections (on physics web site)
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
    C_p = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
MS - José A. Martinho Simões
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Reactions 1 to 50

CH₃^- +  =

By formula: CH₃^- + H⁺ = CH₄

(CH₅⁺ • ) +  = (CH₅⁺ • 2)

By formula: (CH₅⁺ • CH₄) + CH₄ = (CH₅⁺ • 2CH₄)

CH₅⁺ +  = (CH₅⁺ • )

By formula: CH₅⁺ + CH₄ = (CH₅⁺ • CH₄)

C₂H₅⁺ +  = (C₂H₅⁺ • )

By formula: C₂H₅⁺ + CH₄ = (C₂H₅⁺ • CH₄)

( • 2) +  = ( • 3)

By formula: (Co⁺ • 2CH₄) + CH₄ = (Co⁺ • 3CH₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

Free energy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Co⁺ + CH₄ = (Co⁺ • CH₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • ) +  = ( •  • )

By formula: (Co⁺ • CH₄) + H₂ = (Co⁺ • H₂ • CH₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • ) +  = ( •  • )

By formula: (Co⁺ • H₂) + CH₄ = (Co⁺ • CH₄ • H₂)

Enthalpy of reaction

 (g) = C₅MnO₅ (g) +  (g)

By formula: C₆H₃MnO₅ (g) = C₅MnO₅ (g) + CH₄ (g)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Co⁺ • CH₄) + CH₄ = (Co⁺ • 2CH₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

(CH₅⁺ • 2) +  = (CH₅⁺ • 3)

By formula: (CH₅⁺ • 2CH₄) + CH₄ = (CH₅⁺ • 3CH₄)

(CH₅⁺ • 3) +  = (CH₅⁺ • 4)

By formula: (CH₅⁺ • 3CH₄) + CH₄ = (CH₅⁺ • 4CH₄)

 (g) + CH₃BrMg (solution) =  (solution) + Br₂Mg (solution)

By formula: HBr (g) + CH₃BrMg (solution) = CH₄ (solution) + Br₂Mg (solution)

( • ) +  = ( •  • )

By formula: (Co⁺ • CH₄) + C₂H₆ = (Co⁺ • C₂H₆ • CH₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

C₆₃H₉₁CoN₁₃O₁₄P (solution) =  (solution) +  (solution)

By formula: C₆₃H₉₁CoN₁₃O₁₄P (solution) = C₆₃H₈₈CoN₁₄O₁₄P (solution) + CH₄ (solution)

C₃H₇⁺ +  = (C₃H₇⁺ • )

By formula: C₃H₇⁺ + CH₄ = (C₃H₇⁺ • CH₄)

 +  =  + 

By formula: HI + CH₃I = CH₄ + I₂

(C₂H₅⁺ • 9) +  = (C₂H₅⁺ • 10)

By formula: (C₂H₅⁺ • 9CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₂H₅⁺ • 10CH₄)

(C₃H₇⁺ • 7) +  = (C₃H₇⁺ • 8)

By formula: (C₃H₇⁺ • 7CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₃H₇⁺ • 8CH₄)

(C₄H₉⁺ • 8) +  = (C₄H₉⁺ • 9)

By formula: (C₄H₉⁺ • 8CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₄H₉⁺ • 9CH₄)

(CH₅⁺ • 8) +  = (CH₅⁺ • 9)

By formula: (CH₅⁺ • 8CH₄) + CH₄ = (CH₅⁺ • 9CH₄)

( • ) +  = ( •  • )

By formula: (Co⁺ • H₂O) + CH₄ = (Co⁺ • CH₄ • H₂O)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • CH₄) + CH₄ = (H₃O⁺ • 2CH₄)

( • ) +  = ( •  • )

By formula: (Co⁺ • C₂H₆) + CH₄ = (Co⁺ • CH₄ • C₂H₆)

Enthalpy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: H₄N⁺ + CH₄ = (H₄N⁺ • CH₄)

 (g) +  (cr) =  (g) +  (cr)

By formula: HBr (g) + CH₃Li (cr) = CH₄ (g) + BrLi (cr)

2 +  =  + 2

By formula: 2H₂ + CH₂Cl₂ = CH₄ + 2HCl

 (l) + ( • 100) (solution) = 2 (g) + ( • 100) (solution)

By formula: C₂H₆Zn (l) + (H₂O₄S • 100H₂O) (solution) = 2CH₄ (g) + (O₄SZn • 100H₂O) (solution)

(CH₅⁺ • 4) +  = (CH₅⁺ • 5)

By formula: (CH₅⁺ • 4CH₄) + CH₄ = (CH₅⁺ • 5CH₄)

(CH₅⁺ • 5) +  = (CH₅⁺ • 6)

By formula: (CH₅⁺ • 5CH₄) + CH₄ = (CH₅⁺ • 6CH₄)

(CH₅⁺ • 6) +  = (CH₅⁺ • 7)

By formula: (CH₅⁺ • 6CH₄) + CH₄ = (CH₅⁺ • 7CH₄)

(CH₅⁺ • 7) +  = (CH₅⁺ • 8)

By formula: (CH₅⁺ • 7CH₄) + CH₄ = (CH₅⁺ • 8CH₄)

(C₂H₅⁺ • 2) +  = (C₂H₅⁺ • 3)

By formula: (C₂H₅⁺ • 2CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₂H₅⁺ • 3CH₄)

(C₂H₅⁺ • 3) +  = (C₂H₅⁺ • 4)

By formula: (C₂H₅⁺ • 3CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₂H₅⁺ • 4CH₄)

(C₂H₅⁺ • 4) +  = (C₂H₅⁺ • 5)

By formula: (C₂H₅⁺ • 4CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₂H₅⁺ • 5CH₄)

(C₂H₅⁺ • 5) +  = (C₂H₅⁺ • 6)

By formula: (C₂H₅⁺ • 5CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₂H₅⁺ • 6CH₄)

(C₂H₅⁺ • 6) +  = (C₂H₅⁺ • 7)

By formula: (C₂H₅⁺ • 6CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₂H₅⁺ • 7CH₄)

(C₂H₅⁺ • 7) +  = (C₂H₅⁺ • 8)

By formula: (C₂H₅⁺ • 7CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₂H₅⁺ • 8CH₄)

(C₂H₅⁺ • 8) +  = (C₂H₅⁺ • 9)

By formula: (C₂H₅⁺ • 8CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₂H₅⁺ • 9CH₄)

(C₃H₇⁺ • 2) +  = (C₃H₇⁺ • 3)

By formula: (C₃H₇⁺ • 2CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₃H₇⁺ • 3CH₄)

(C₃H₇⁺ • 3) +  = (C₃H₇⁺ • 4)

By formula: (C₃H₇⁺ • 3CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₃H₇⁺ • 4CH₄)

(C₃H₇⁺ • 4) +  = (C₃H₇⁺ • 5)

By formula: (C₃H₇⁺ • 4CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₃H₇⁺ • 5CH₄)

(C₃H₇⁺ • 5) +  = (C₃H₇⁺ • 6)

By formula: (C₃H₇⁺ • 5CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₃H₇⁺ • 6CH₄)

(C₃H₇⁺ • 6) +  = (C₃H₇⁺ • 7)

By formula: (C₃H₇⁺ • 6CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₃H₇⁺ • 7CH₄)

(C₄H₉⁺ • 2) +  = (C₄H₉⁺ • 3)

By formula: (C₄H₉⁺ • 2CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₄H₉⁺ • 3CH₄)

(C₄H₉⁺ • 3) +  = (C₄H₉⁺ • 4)

By formula: (C₄H₉⁺ • 3CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₄H₉⁺ • 4CH₄)

(C₄H₉⁺ • 4) +  = (C₄H₉⁺ • 5)

By formula: (C₄H₉⁺ • 4CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₄H₉⁺ • 5CH₄)

(C₄H₉⁺ • 5) +  = (C₄H₉⁺ • 6)

By formula: (C₄H₉⁺ • 5CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₄H₉⁺ • 6CH₄)

(C₄H₉⁺ • 6) +  = (C₄H₉⁺ • 7)

By formula: (C₄H₉⁺ • 6CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₄H₉⁺ • 7CH₄)

(C₄H₉⁺ • 7) +  = (C₄H₉⁺ • 8)

By formula: (C₄H₉⁺ • 7CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₄H₉⁺ • 8CH₄)

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr., NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]

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Manion, J.A., Evaluated Enthalpies of Formation of the Stable Closed Shell C1 and C2 Chlorinated Hydrocarbons, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2002, 31, 1, 123-172, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1420703 . [all data]

Gurvich, Veyts, et al., 1991
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Pittam and Pilcher, 1972
Pittam, D.A.; Pilcher, G., Measurements of heats of combustion by flame calorimetry. Part 8.-Methane, ethane, propane, n-butane and 2-methylpropane, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1, 1972, 68, 2224-2229. [all data]

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Prosen, E.J.; Rossini, F.D., Heats of combustion and formation of the paraffin hydrocarbons at 25° C, J. Res. NBS, 1945, 263-267. [all data]

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Roth, W.A.; Banse, H., Die verbrennungs- und bildungswarme von kohlenoxyd und methan, Arch. Eisenhutten., 1932, 6, 43-46. [all data]

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Rossini, 1931
Rossini, F.D., The heats of combustion of methane and carbon monoxide, J. Res. NBS, 1931, 6, 37-49. [all data]

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Vogt G.J., Entropy and heat capacity of methane; spin-species conversion, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1976, 8, 1011-1031. [all data]

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Gurvich, L.V.; Veyts, I.V.; Alcock, C.B., Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Substances, 4th ed.; Vols. 1 and 2, Hemisphere, New York, 1989. [all data]

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East A.L.L., 1997
East A.L.L., Ab initio statistical thermodynamical models for the computation of third-law entropies, J. Chem. Phys., 1997, 106, 6655-6674. [all data]

Halford J.O., 1957
Halford J.O., Standard heat capacities of gaseous methanol, ethanol, methane and ethane at 279 K by thermal conductivity, J. Phys. Chem., 1957, 61, 1536-1539. [all data]

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McDowell R.S., Thermodynamic functions of methane, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1963, 8, 547-548. [all data]

Ellison, Engelking, et al., 1978
Ellison, G.B.; Engelking, P.C.; Lineberger, W.C., An experimental determination of the geometry and electron affinity of CH₃, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1978, 100, 2556. [all data]

Graul and Squires, 1990
Graul, S.T.; Squires, R.R., Gas-Phase Acidities Derived from Threshold Energies for Activated Reactions, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1990, 112, 7, 2517, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00163a007 . [all data]

Bohme, Lee-Ruff, et al., 1972
Bohme, D.K.; Lee-Ruff, E.; Young, L.B., Acidity order of selected bronsted acids in the gas phase at 300K, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1972, 94, 5153. [all data]

Check, Faust, et al., 2001
Check, C.E.; Faust, T.O.; Bailey, J.M.; Wright, B.J.; Gilbert, T.M.; Sunderlin, L.S., Addition of Polarization and Diffuse Functions to the LANL2DZ Basis Set for P-Block Elements, J. Phys. Chem. A,, 2001, 105, 34, 8111, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp011945l . [all data]

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Field, F.H.; Beggs, D.P., Reversible Reactions of Gas Phase Ions. III. Studies with Methane at 0.1-1.0 Torr and 77-300 K, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1971, 93, 7, 1585, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00736a003 . [all data]

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Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds in Academic Press, New York, 1970. [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  Cp,gas	Constant pressure heat capacity of gas
  S°gas	Entropy of gas at standard conditions
  S°gas,1 bar	Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar)
  T	Temperature
  ΔcH°gas	Enthalpy of combustion of gas at standard conditions
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔrG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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