Benzaldehyde
- Formula: C7H6O
- Molecular weight: 106.1219
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 100-52-7
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Other names: Artificial Almond Oil; Benzaldehyde FFC; Benzenecarbonal; Benzenecarboxaldehyde; Benzoic aldehyde; Phenylmethanal; Almond artificial essential oil; Phenylmethanal benzenecarboxaldehyde; NCI-C56133; Oil of Bitter Almond; Artificial essential oil of almond; Benzene carbaldehyde; NA 1989; Artifical essential oil of almond; Artificial bitter almond oil; Benzenemethylal; Benzoyl hydride; Ethereal oil of bitter almonds; Benzylaldehyde; NSC 7917; Benzyaldehyde
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Gas phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔfH°gas | -8.80 ± 0.72 | kcal/mol | Ccb | Ambrose, Connett, et al., 1975 | ALS |
ΔfH°gas | -7.950 | kcal/mol | Cm | Kudchadker and Kudchadker, 1975 | ALS |
ΔfH°gas | -8.90 ± 0.22 | kcal/mol | Ccb | Lebedeva and Katin, 1972 | Reanalyzed by Pedley, Naylor, et al., 1986, Original value = -8.0 ± 0.4 kcal/mol; ALS |
ΔfH°gas | -8.9 ± 1.0 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Solly and Benson, 1971 | ALS |
ΔfH°gas | -9.66 | kcal/mol | N/A | Landrieu, Baylocq, et al., 1929 | Value computed using ΔfHliquid° value of -86.2 kj/mol from Landrieu, Baylocq, et al., 1929 and ΔvapH° value of 45.9 kj/mol from Lebedeva and Katin, 1972.; DRB |
Constant pressure heat capacity of gas
Cp,gas (cal/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
24.57 | 273.15 | Ambrose D., 1975 | Selected entropy values agree with the observed ones within experimental error. Entropies obtained from other statistical calculations [ Sarin V.N., 1973, Kudchadker S.A., 1975] differ substantially from experimental values.; GT |
26.70 | 298.15 | ||
26.84 | 300. | ||
35.01 | 400. | ||
41.92 | 500. | ||
47.47 | 600. | ||
51.91 | 700. | ||
55.50 | 800. | ||
58.46 | 900. | ||
60.95 | 1000. | ||
63.00 | 1100. | ||
64.77 | 1200. | ||
66.28 | 1300. | ||
67.57 | 1400. | ||
68.67 | 1500. |
Condensed phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔfH°liquid | -20.8 ± 0.53 | kcal/mol | Ccb | Ambrose, Connett, et al., 1975 | ALS |
ΔfH°liquid | -19.85 ± 0.20 | kcal/mol | Ccb | Lebedeva and Katin, 1972 | ALS |
ΔfH°liquid | -20.6 | kcal/mol | Ccb | Landrieu, Baylocq, et al., 1929 | ALS |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔcH°liquid | -842.50 ± 0.48 | kcal/mol | Ccb | Ambrose, Connett, et al., 1975 | Corresponding ΔfHºliquid = -20.8 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS |
ΔcH°liquid | -843.4 ± 0.2 | kcal/mol | Ccb | Lebedeva and Katin, 1972 | Corresponding ΔfHºliquid = -19.9 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS |
ΔcH°liquid | -842.7 | kcal/mol | Ccb | Landrieu, Baylocq, et al., 1929 | Corresponding ΔfHºliquid = -20.6 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
S°liquid | 52.87 | cal/mol*K | N/A | Ambrose, Connett, et al., 1975 | DH |
Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid
Cp,liquid (cal/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
41.11 | 298.15 | Ambrose, Connett, et al., 1975 | T = 13 to 425 K.; DH |
40.89 | 302.4 | de Kolossowsky and Udowenko, 1934 | DH |
40.89 | 302.3 | Kolosovskii and Udovenko, 1934 | DH |
Phase change data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tboil | 452. ± 7. | K | AVG | N/A | Average of 13 values; Individual data points |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Tfus | 247. | K | N/A | Buckingham and Donaghy, 1982 | BS |
Tfus | 216.65 | K | N/A | Biltz, Fischer, et al., 1930 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.5 K; TRC |
Tfus | 217.55 | K | N/A | Timmermans, 1921 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.5 K; TRC |
Tfus | 216.25 | K | N/A | Timmermans, 1921 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.6 K; TRC |
Tfus | 259.7 | K | N/A | Altschul and Von Schneider, 1895 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.5 K; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Ttriple | 216.02 | K | N/A | Ambrose, Connett, et al., 1975, 2 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.02 K; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Tc | 690. | K | N/A | Anselme and Teja, 1990 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 20. K; Tc > 690 K, which was observed with decomposition; TRC |
Tc | 695. | K | N/A | Ambrose, Connett, et al., 1975, 2 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 5. K; Visual, Decomp, VPX; TRC |
Tc | 625.15 | K | N/A | Glaser and Ruland, 1957 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 3. K; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Pc | 45.89 | atm | N/A | Ambrose, Connett, et al., 1975, 2 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.4585 atm; Visual, Decomp, VPX; TRC |
Pc | 21.5000 | atm | N/A | Glaser and Ruland, 1957 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 3.0000 atm; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔvapH° | 11. ± 1. | kcal/mol | AVG | N/A | Average of 7 values; Individual data points |
Reduced pressure boiling point
Tboil (K) | Pressure (atm) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
335.2 | 0.013 | Weast and Grasselli, 1989 | BS |
452. | 0.988 | Buckingham and Donaghy, 1982 | BS |
335. | 0.013 | Buckingham and Donaghy, 1982 | BS |
Enthalpy of vaporization
ΔvapH (kcal/mol) | Temperature (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
11.8 | 363. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 348. to 452. K.; AC |
10.5 | 424. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 409. to 481. K.; AC |
11.6 | 326. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 311. to 376. K.; AC |
10.9 | 385. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 370. to 475. K.; AC |
10.0 | 480. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 465. to 541. K.; AC |
9.70 | 544. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 529. to 599. K.; AC |
11.2 | 288. | A,BG | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 273. to 373. K. See also De Maré, Lehman, et al., 1973.; AC |
12.0 | 311. | V | Ambrose, Connett, et al., 1975 | ALS |
10.2 | 452. | EB | Ambrose, Connett, et al., 1975 | Based on data from 311. to 404. K.; AC |
13.0 | 314. | N/A | Stull, 1947 | Based on data from 299. to 452. K.; AC |
Antoine Equation Parameters
log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
P = vapor pressure (atm)
T = temperature (K)
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Temperature (K) | A | B | C | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
273.14 to 322.06 | 5.20925 | 2337.539 | -5.103 | De Maré, Lehman, et al., 1973 | Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data. |
299.4 to 452. | 3.87081 | 1380.729 | -94.98 | Stull, 1947 | Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data. |
Enthalpy of fusion
ΔfusH (kcal/mol) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
2.228 | 216.02 | Ambrose, Connett, et al., 1975 | DH |
2.23 | 216. | Domalski and Hearing, 1996 | AC |
Entropy of fusion
ΔfusS (cal/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
10.31 | 216.02 | Ambrose, Connett, et al., 1975 | DH |
Reaction thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, IR Spectrum, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.
Individual Reactions
By formula: Br- + C7H6O = (Br- • C7H6O)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 13.2 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Paul and Kebarle, 1991 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 20. | cal/mol*K | N/A | Paul and Kebarle, 1991 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M |
Free energy of reaction
ΔrG° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
4.7 | 423. | PHPMS | Paul and Kebarle, 1991 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M |
By formula: NO- + C7H6O = (NO- • C7H6O)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 43.7 | kcal/mol | ICR | Reents and Freiser, 1981 | gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder(NO+)C2H5OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Farid and McMahon, 1978; M |
By formula: C7H6O + C7H6O3 = 2C7H6O2
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -75.6 ± 3.0 | kcal/mol | Cm | Briner and Chastonay, 1954 | liquid phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -75.7 ± 3.0 kcal/mol; ALS |
By formula: C7H6O + C8H8O = H2O + C15H12O
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -15.54 ± 0.45 | kcal/mol | Cm | Hao, Chang, et al., 1985 | liquid phase; solvent: Aqueous NaOH; ALS |
By formula: HI + C7H5IO = C7H6O + I2
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -3.0 ± 1.0 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Solly and Benson, 1971 | gas phase; ALS |
By formula: C7H6O + I2 = HI + C7H5IO
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 3.0 ± 1.0 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Solly and Benson, 1971 | gas phase; ALS |
By formula: C13H12N2 + H2O = C7H6O + C6H8N2
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -14.6 | kcal/mol | Cm | Landrieu, 1905 | solid phase; ALS |
By formula: C7H8O = C7H6O + H2
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 12.89 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Cubberley and Mueller, 1946 | gas phase; ALS |
By formula: C7H6O3 = C7H6O + O2
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 60.5 | kcal/mol | Cm | Briner and Chastonay, 1954 | solid phase; ALS |
IR Spectrum
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, References, Notes
Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.
- SOLUTION (1% IN CCl4 FOR 3800-1330, 1% IN CS2 FOR 1330-450 CM-1) VS SOLVENT; PERKIN-ELMER 180; DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY (FROM TWO SEGMENTS); 4 cm-1 resolution
- SOLUTION (2% IN CCl4 FOR 3800-1330, 2% IN CS2 FOR 1330-450 CM-1); DOW KBr FOREPRISM-GRATING; DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY (FROM TWO SEGMENTS); 4 cm-1 resolution
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Ambrose, Connett, et al., 1975
Ambrose, D.; Connett, J.E.; Green, J.H.S.; Hales, J.L.; Head, A.J.; Martin, J.F.,
Thermodynamic properties of organic oxygen compounds. 42. Physical and thermodynamic properties of benzaldehyde,
J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1975, 7, 1143-1157. [all data]
Kudchadker and Kudchadker, 1975
Kudchadker, S.A.; Kudchadker, A.P.,
Thermodynamic properties of oxygen compounds. III. Benzaldehyde and furfural (2-furaldehyde),
Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem., 1975, 12, 432-437. [all data]
Lebedeva and Katin, 1972
Lebedeva, N.D.; Katin, Yu.A.,
Heats of combustion of certain monosubstituted benzenes,
Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 1972, 46, 1088. [all data]
Pedley, Naylor, et al., 1986
Pedley, J.B.; Naylor, R.D.; Kirby, S.P.,
Thermochemical Data of Organic Compounds, Chapman and Hall, New York, 1986, 1-792. [all data]
Solly and Benson, 1971
Solly, R.K.; Benson, S.W.,
Thermochemistry of the reaction of benzaldehyde with iodine. The enthalpy of formation of benzaldehyde and benzoyl iodide,
J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1971, 3, 203-209. [all data]
Landrieu, Baylocq, et al., 1929
Landrieu, P.; Baylocq, F.; Johnson, J.R.,
Etude thermochimique dans la serie furanique,
Bull. Soc. Chim. France, 1929, 45, 36-49. [all data]
Ambrose D., 1975
Ambrose D.,
Thermodynamic properties of organic oxygen compounds. 42. Physical and thermodynamic properties of benzaldehyde,
J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1975, 7, 1143-1157. [all data]
Sarin V.N., 1973
Sarin V.N.,
Thermodynamic properties in the gaseous state of certain monosubstituted benzenes,
Thermochim. Acta, 1973, 6, 39-46. [all data]
Kudchadker S.A., 1975
Kudchadker S.A.,
Thermodynamic properties of oxygen compounds. III. Benzaldehyde and furfural (2-furaldehyde),
Thermochim. Acta, 1975, 12, 432-437. [all data]
de Kolossowsky and Udowenko, 1934
de Kolossowsky, N.; Udowenko, W.W.,
Determination des chaleurs specifiques des liquides,
Compt. rend., 1934, 198, 1394-1395. [all data]
Kolosovskii and Udovenko, 1934
Kolosovskii, N.A.; Udovenko, W.W.,
Specific heat of liquids. II.,
Zhur. Obshchei Khim., 1934, 4, 1027-1033. [all data]
Buckingham and Donaghy, 1982
Buckingham, J.; Donaghy, S.M.,
Dictionary of Organic Compounds: Fifth Edition, Chapman and Hall, New York, 1982, 1. [all data]
Biltz, Fischer, et al., 1930
Biltz, W.; Fischer, W.; Wunnenberg, E.,
Molecular and Atomic Volumes. The Volume Requirements of Crystalline Organic Compounds and Low Temperatures,
Z. Phys. Chem., Abt. A, 1930, 151, 13-55. [all data]
Timmermans, 1921
Timmermans, J.,
The Freezing Points of Organic Substances IV. New Exp. Determinations,
Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 1921, 30, 62. [all data]
Altschul and Von Schneider, 1895
Altschul, M.; Von Schneider, B.,
Freezing points of some organic fluids,
Z. Phys. Chem., Stoechiom. Verwandtschaftsl., 1895, 16, 24. [all data]
Ambrose, Connett, et al., 1975, 2
Ambrose, D.; Connett, J.E.; Green, J.H.S.; Hales, J.L.; Head, A.J.; Martin, J.F.,
Thermodynamic properties of organic oxygen compounds 42. Physical and thermodynamic properties of benzaldehyde,
J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1975, 7, 1143. [all data]
Anselme and Teja, 1990
Anselme, M.J.; Teja, A.S.,
The critical properties of rapidly reacting substances,
AIChE Symp. Ser., 1990, 86, 279, 128-32. [all data]
Glaser and Ruland, 1957
Glaser, F.; Ruland, H.,
Untersuchungsen über dampfdruckkurven und kritische daten einiger technisch wichtiger organischer substanzen,
Chem. Ing. Techn., 1957, 29, 772. [all data]
Weast and Grasselli, 1989
CRC Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds, 2nd Editon, Weast,R.C and Grasselli, J.G., ed(s)., CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 1989, 1. [all data]
Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw,
Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2
. [all data]
De Maré, Lehman, et al., 1973
De Maré, G.R.; Lehman, T.; Termonia, M.,
The vapour pressure of benzaldehyde between 273 and 376 K,
The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 1973, 5, 6, 829-832, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9614(73)80044-8
. [all data]
Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R.,
Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds,
Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022
. [all data]
Domalski and Hearing, 1996
Domalski, Eugene S.; Hearing, Elizabeth D.,
Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase. Volume III,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1996, 25, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555985
. [all data]
Paul and Kebarle, 1991
Paul, G.J.C.; Kebarle, P.,
Stabilities of Complexes of Br- with Substituted Benzenes (SB) Based on Determinations of the Gas-Phase Equilibria Br- + SB = (BrSB)-,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 4, 1148, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00004a014
. [all data]
Reents and Freiser, 1981
Reents, W.D.; Freiser, B.S.,
Gas-Phase Binding Energies and Spectroscopic Properties of NO+ Charge-Transfer Complexes,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1981, 103, 2791. [all data]
Farid and McMahon, 1978
Farid, R.; McMahon, T.B.,
Gas-Phase Ion-Molecule Reactions of Alkyl Nitrites by Ion Cyclotron Resonance Spectroscopy,
Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1978, 27, 2, 163, https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7381(78)80037-0
. [all data]
Briner and Chastonay, 1954
Briner, E.; Chastonay, P.,
Etude thermochemique de l'autoxydation de Valdehyde benzoique,
Helv. Chim. Acta, 1954, 238, 539-541. [all data]
Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G.,
Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]
Hao, Chang, et al., 1985
Hao, J.; Chang, J.; Wang, K.; Liu, Y.; Zhong, G.,
Heat of reaction of chalcone by calorimetric measurement,
Huaxue Tongbao, 1985, 15-16. [all data]
Landrieu, 1905
Landrieu, M.Ph.,
Thermochimie. - Thermochimie des hydrazones,
Compt. Rend., 1905, 141, 358-361. [all data]
Cubberley and Mueller, 1946
Cubberley, A.H.; Mueller, M.B.,
Equilibrium studies on the dehydrogenation of primary and secondary alcohols. I. 2-Butanol, 2-octanol, cyclopentanol and benzyl alcohol,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1946, 68, 1149-1151. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, References
- Symbols used in this document:
Cp,gas Constant pressure heat capacity of gas Cp,liquid Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid Pc Critical pressure S°liquid Entropy of liquid at standard conditions T Temperature Tboil Boiling point Tc Critical temperature Tfus Fusion (melting) point Ttriple Triple point temperature ΔcH°liquid Enthalpy of combustion of liquid at standard conditions ΔfH°gas Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions ΔfH°liquid Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions ΔfusH Enthalpy of fusion ΔfusS Entropy of fusion ΔrG° Free energy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrS° Entropy of reaction at standard conditions ΔvapH Enthalpy of vaporization ΔvapH° Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
- The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
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