Benzene

Formula: C₆H₆
Molecular weight: 78.1118
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C6H6/c1-2-4-6-5-3-1/h1-6H
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 71-43-2
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
Isotopologues:
- Benzene-D6
Other names: [6]Annulene; Benzol; Benzole; Coal naphtha; Cyclohexatriene; Phenyl hydride; Pyrobenzol; Pyrobenzole; Benzolene; Bicarburet of hydrogen; Carbon oil; Mineral naphtha; Motor benzol; Benzeen; Benzen; Benzin; Benzine; Benzolo; Fenzen; NCI-C55276; Phene; Rcra waste number U019; UN 1114; NSC 67315; 1,3,5-Cyclohexatriene
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Information on this page:
Other data available:
- Reaction thermochemistry data: reactions 51 to 99
- Henry's Law data
- Gas phase ion energetics data
- Ion clustering data
- Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
- UV/Visible spectrum
- Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
- Gas Chromatography
- Fluid Properties
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_fH°_gas	19.8 ± 0.2	kcal/mol	Review	Roux, Temprado, et al., 2008	There are sufficient high-quality literature values to make a good evaluation with a high degree of confidence. In general, the evaluated uncertainty limits are on the order of (0.5 to 2.5) kJ/mol.; DRB
Δ_fH°_gas	19.8	kcal/mol	N/A	Good and Smith, 1969	Value computed using Δ_fH_liquid° value of 49.0±0.5 kj/mol from Good and Smith, 1969 and Δ_vapH° value of 33.9 kj/mol from Prosen, Gilmont, et al., 1945.; DRB
Δ_fH°_gas	19.82 ± 0.12	kcal/mol	Ccb	Prosen, Gilmont, et al., 1945	Hf by Prosen, Johnson, et al., 1946; ALS
Δ_fH°_gas	19.1	kcal/mol	N/A	Landrieu, Baylocq, et al., 1929	Value computed using Δ_fH_liquid° value of 46.0 kj/mol from Landrieu, Baylocq, et al., 1929 and Δ_vapH° value of 33.9 kj/mol from Prosen, Gilmont, et al., 1945.; DRB

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

C_p,gas (cal/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
7.952	50.	Thermodynamics Research Center, 1997	GT
8.391	100.
10.02	150.
12.71	200.
17.82	273.15
19.70	298.15
19.84	300.
27.132	400.
33.305	500.
38.262	600.
42.251	700.
45.519	800.
48.236	900.
50.528	1000.
52.476	1100.
54.140	1200.
55.566	1300.
56.800	1400.
57.866	1500.
59.969	1750.
61.487	2000.
62.608	2250.
63.456	2500.
64.109	2750.
64.620	3000.

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

C_p,gas (cal/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
22.30 ± 0.01	333.15	Todd S.S., 1978	Please also see Montgomery J.B., 1942, Pitzer K.S., 1943, Scott D.W., 1947.; GT
22.90	341.60
23.42 ± 0.01	348.15
24.85 ± 0.01	368.15
25.100	370.
25.041	371.20
26.00 ± 0.30	388.
26.501	390.
26.40 ± 0.30	393.
27.230	402.30
27.32 ± 0.02	403.15
27.600	410.
28.10 ± 0.30	417.
28.40 ± 0.30	428.
29.491	436.15
29.62 ± 0.02	438.15
30.30 ± 0.30	463.
31.649	471.10
31.77 ± 0.02	473.15
31.40 ± 0.30	481.
33.33 ± 0.02	500.15
34.80 ± 0.02	527.15

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_fH°_liquid	12. ± 0.2	kcal/mol	Review	Roux, Temprado, et al., 2008	There are sufficient high-quality literature values to make a good evaluation with a high degree of confidence. In general, the evaluated uncertainty limits are on the order of (0.5 to 2.5) kJ/mol.; DRB
Δ_fH°_liquid	11.70 ± 0.13	kcal/mol	Ccb	Good and Smith, 1969	ALS
Δ_fH°_liquid	11.72 ± 0.12	kcal/mol	Ccb	Prosen, Gilmont, et al., 1945	Hf by Prosen, Johnson, et al., 1946; ALS
Δ_fH°_liquid	11.0	kcal/mol	Ccb	Landrieu, Baylocq, et al., 1929	ALS
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_cH°_liquid	-781. ± 4.	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 9 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
S°_liquid	41.410	cal/mol*K	N/A	Oliver, Eaton, et al., 1948	DH
S°_liquid	41.90	cal/mol*K	N/A	Huffman, Parks, et al., 1930	Extrapolation below 90 K, 47.49 J/mol*K.; DH
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
S°_{solid,1 bar}	10.89	cal/mol*K	N/A	Ahlberg, Blanchard, et al., 1937	DH

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

C_p,liquid (cal/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
32.431	298.15	Grolier, Roux-Desgranges, et al., 1993	DH
32.48	298.5	Czarnota, 1991	p = 0.1 MPa. Cp values given for the pressure range 0.1 to 68.1 MPa.; DH
32.414	298.15	Lainez, Rodrigo, et al., 1989	DH
32.177	298.15	Shiohama, Ogawa, et al., 1988	DH
32.445	298.15	Grolier, Roux-Desgranges, et al., 1987	DH
32.173	293.15	Kalali, Kohler, et al., 1987	T = 293.15, 313.15 K.; DH
32.4348	298.15	Tanaka, 1987	DH
33.44	322.05	Naziev, Bashirov, et al., 1986	T = 322.05, 351.15 K. p = 0.1 MPa. Unsmoothed experimental datum given as 1.7915 kJ/kg*K.; DH
32.84	303.15	Reddy, 1986	T = 303.15, 313.15 K.; DH
32.519	298.15	Ogawa and Murakami, 1985	DH
32.4374	298.15	Tanaka, 1985	DH
32.562	298.15	Gorbunova, Simonov, et al., 1983	T = 283.78 to 348.47 K. Cp = 1.3943 - 5.857x10-4T + 5.89x10-6T2 kJ/kg*K. Cp value calculated from equation.; DH
32.62	300.	Gorbunova, Grigoriev, et al., 1982	T = 280 to 353 K. Data also given by equation.; DH
32.43	298.15	Grolier, Inglese, et al., 1982	T = 298.15 K.; DH
32.443	298.15	Tanaka, 1982	Temperatures 293.15, 298.15, 303.15 K.; DH
32.409	298.15	Wilhelm, Faradjzadeh, et al., 1982	DH
31.93	293.15	Atalla, El-Sharkawy, et al., 1981	DH
32.481	298.15	Vesely, Zabransky, et al., 1979	DH
32.412	298.15	Grolier, Wilhelm, et al., 1978	DH
32.481	298.15	Vesely, Svoboda, et al., 1977	T = 298 to 318 K.; DH
32.409	298.15	Wilhelm, Grolier, et al., 1977	DH
32.447	298.15	Fortier, Benson, et al., 1976	DH
32.4474	298.15	Fortier and Benson, 1976	DH
32.43	298.15	Rajagopal and Subrahmanyam, 1974	T = 298.15 to 323.15 K.; DH
32.10	298.	Deshpande and Bhatagadde, 1971	T = 298 to 318 K.; DH
32.48	298.15	Hyder Khan and Subrahmanyam, 1971	T = 298; 313 K.; DH
32.48	298.	Subrahmanyam and Khan, 1969	DH
32.36	298.	Recko, 1968	T = 24 to 40°C, equation only.; DH
31.1	298.	Pacor, 1967	DH
32.17	293.	Rastorguev and Ganiev, 1967	T = 293 to 353 K.; DH
32.337	300.	Findenegg, Gruber, et al., 1965	DH
32.261	298.	Rabinovich and Nikolaev, 1962	T = 10 to 35°C.; DH
32.29	316.	Swietoslawski and Zielenkiewicz, 1960	Mean value 21 to 66°C.; DH
32.60	303.	Duff and Everett, 1956	T = 303 to 353 K.; DH
32.321	298.	Staveley, Tupman, et al., 1955	T = 288 to 347 K.; DH
7.60	293.	Sieg, Crtzen, et al., 1951	DH
32.519	298.15	Oliver, Eaton, et al., 1948	T = 13 to 337 K.; DH
28.4	295.	Tschamler, 1948	DH
31.91	298.	Kurbatov, 1947	T = 9 to 80°C, mean Cp, five temperatures.; DH
32.50	298.1	Zhdanov, 1941	T = 8 to 46°C.; DH
32.371	298.2	Burlew, 1940	T = 281 to 353 K.; DH
31.41	287.8	Kolosovskii and Udovenko, 1934	DH
31.41	287.8	de Kolossowsky and Udowenko, 1933	DH
31.41	298.15	Ferguson and Miller, 1933	T = 293 to 323 K. Data calculated from equation.; DH
32.29	298.1	Richards and Wallace, 1932	T = 293 to 333 K.; DH
34.314	323.15	Fiock, Ginnings, et al., 1931	T = 50 to 110°C.; DH
32.29	300.0	Huffman, Parks, et al., 1930	T = 93 to 300 K. Value is unsmoothed experimental datum.; DH
31.60	298.	Andrews, Lynn, et al., 1926	T = -18 to 110°C.; DH
31.81	293.2	Williams and Daniels, 1925	T = 20 to 60°C.; DH
32.00	303.	Willams and Daniels, 1924	T = 303 to 333 K. Equation only.; DH
32.79	298.	Dejardin, 1919	T = 24 to 50°C.; DH
31.91	298.	von Reis, 1881	T = 292 to 364 K.; DH

Constant pressure heat capacity of solid

C_p,solid (cal/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
11.44	90.	Ahlberg, Blanchard, et al., 1937	T = 4 to 93 K.; DH
23.4	223.9	Aoyama and Kanda, 1935	T = 82 to 224 K. Value is unsmoothed experimental datum.; DH
28.30	273.	Maass and Walbauer, 1925	T = 93 to 273 K.; DH

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_boil	353.3 ± 0.1	K	AVG	N/A	Average of 147 out of 183 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_fus	278.64 ± 0.08	K	AVG	N/A	Average of 57 out of 69 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_triple	278.5 ± 0.6	K	AVG	N/A	Average of 9 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_c	562.0 ± 0.8	K	AVG	N/A	Average of 36 out of 41 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
P_c	48.3 ± 0.4	atm	AVG	N/A	Average of 24 out of 26 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
V_c	0.25 ± 0.03	l/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 6 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
ρ_c	3.9 ± 0.2	mol/l	AVG	N/A	Average of 12 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_vapH°	8.10 ± 0.03	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 10 out of 11 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_subH°	10.6	kcal/mol	TE,ME	Kruif, 1980	Based on data from 183. to 197. K.; AC

Enthalpy of vaporization

Δ_vapH (kcal/mol)	Temperature (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.342	353.3	N/A	Majer and Svoboda, 1985
7.93	320.	N/A	Lubomska, Banas, et al., 2002	Based on data from 305. to 345. K.; AC
8.51	258. to 313.	GC	Liu and Dickhut, 1994	AC
8.01	311.	EB	Ambrose, Ewing, et al., 1990	Based on data from 296. to 377. K.; AC
7.98	307.	C	Dong, Lin, et al., 1988	AC
7.91	314.	C	Dong, Lin, et al., 1988	AC
7.74	324.	C	Dong, Lin, et al., 1988	AC
7.62	332.	C	Dong, Lin, et al., 1988	AC
7.50	344.	C	Dong, Lin, et al., 1988	AC
7.31	353.	C	Dong, Lin, et al., 1988	AC
8.22	294.	A	Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987	Based on data from 279. to 377. K.; AC
7.53	368.	A	Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987	Based on data from 353. to 422. K.; AC
7.22	435.	A	Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987	Based on data from 420. to 502. K.; AC
7.24	516.	A	Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987	Based on data from 501. to 562. K.; AC
7.36	352.	N/A	Natarajan, 1983	AC
7.29	361.	N/A	Natarajan, 1983	AC
7.22	366.	N/A	Natarajan, 1983	AC
8.44	343.	N/A	Tsonopoulos and Wilson, 1983	Based on data from 313. to 373. K.; AC
7.4	350.	N/A	Rao and Viswanath, 1977	AC
7.89 ± 0.02	313.	C	Svoboda, Veselý, et al., 1973	AC
7.70 ± 0.02	328.	C	Svoboda, Veselý, et al., 1973	AC
7.60 ± 0.02	333.	C	Svoboda, Veselý, et al., 1973	AC
7.50 ± 0.02	343.	C	Svoboda, Veselý, et al., 1973	AC
7.39 ± 0.02	353.	C	Svoboda, Veselý, et al., 1973	AC
7.79 ± 0.1	313.	DSC	Mita, Imai, et al., 1971	AC
7.8 ± 0.1	328.	DSC	Mita, Imai, et al., 1971	AC
7.55 ± 0.1	345.	DSC	Mita, Imai, et al., 1971	AC
8.15	299.	N/A	Forziati, Norris, et al., 1949	Based on data from 284. to 354. K.; AC
8.15	293.	N/A	Yarym-Agaev, Fedos'ev, et al., 1949	AC
8.15	297.	N/A	Thomson, 1946	Based on data from 282. to 354. K.; AC
7.46	294.	N/A	Scott and Brickwedde, 1945	AC
8.15	303.	MM	Willingham, Taylor, et al., 1945	Based on data from 288. to 354. K.; AC
7.98	313.	EB	Smith, 1941	Based on data from 298. to 373. K.; AC
8.25	288.	N/A	Stuckey and Saylor, 1940	Based on data from 273. to 348. K.; AC

Enthalpy of vaporization

Δ_vapH = A exp(-αT_r) (1 − T_r)^β
Δ_vapH = Enthalpy of vaporization (at saturation pressure) (kcal/mol)
T_r = reduced temperature (T / T_c)

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Temperature (K)	293. to 469.
A (kcal/mol)	11.33
α	0.1231
β	0.3602
T_c (K)	562.1
Reference	Majer and Svoboda, 1985

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
P = vapor pressure (atm)
T = temperature (K)

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Temperature (K)	A	B	C	Reference	Comment
333.4 to 373.5	4.72012	1660.652	-1.461	Eon, Pommier, et al., 1971	Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.
297.9 to 318.	0.14020	39.165	-261.236	Deshpande and Pandya, 1967	Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.
421.56 to 554.8	4.59791	1701.073	20.806	Kalafati, Rasskazov, et al., 1967	Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.
287.70 to 354.07	4.01243	1203.835	-53.226	Williamham, Taylor, et al., 1945

Enthalpy of sublimation

Δ_subH (kcal/mol)	Temperature (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
9.97	258. to 273.	N/A	Liu and Dickhut, 1994	AC
10.8	264.	A	Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987	Based on data from 223. to 279. K. See also Ha, Morrison, et al., 1976.; AC
10.8	278.	N/A	Hessler, 1984	AC
12.9 ± 0.2	193.	N/A	De Kruif and Van Ginkel, 1977	AC
11.8 ± 0.1	193.	N/A	De Kruif and Van Ginkel, 1977	AC
10.9	279.	MM	Jackowski, 1974	Based on data from 221. to 268. K.; AC
10.5	261.	N/A	Jones, 1960	AC
10.3	229.	N/A	Jones, 1960	AC
10.7	279.	N/A	Milazzo, 1956	AC
11.1	282.	A	Stull, 1947	Based on data from 263. to 270. K.; AC
9.2	303.	V	Wolf and Weghofer, 1938	ALS
10.7	273.	N/A	de Boer, 1936	See also Jackowski, 1974.; AC
10.3	226.	A	Mündel, 1913	Based on data from 214. to 238. K.; AC

Enthalpy of fusion

Δ_fusH (kcal/mol)	Temperature (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
2.3581	278.69	N/A	Oliver, Eaton, et al., 1948	DH
2.370	278.65	N/A	Ziegler and Andrews, 1942	DH
2.36	278.7	C	Domalski and Hearing, 1996	See also Andrews, Lynn, et al., 1926 and Ziegler and Andrews, 1942.; AC
2.223	279.1	N/A	Smith, 1979	DH
2.139	278.8	N/A	Pacor, 1967	DH
2.375	278.6	N/A	Tschamler, 1948	DH
2.343	278.6	N/A	Huffman, Parks, et al., 1930	DH
2.360	278.55	N/A	Andrews, Lynn, et al., 1926	DH
2.3901	278.64	N/A	Maass and Walbauer, 1925	DH

Entropy of fusion

Δ_fusS (cal/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
8.461	278.69	Oliver, Eaton, et al., 1948	DH
8.506	278.65	Ziegler and Andrews, 1942	DH
7.96	279.1	Smith, 1979	DH
7.67	278.8	Pacor, 1967	DH
8.411	278.6	Huffman, Parks, et al., 1930	DH
8.48	278.55	Andrews, Lynn, et al., 1926	DH
8.58	278.64	Maass and Walbauer, 1925	DH

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:

Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, IR Spectrum, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Reactions 1 to 50

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: Cl^- + C₆H₆ = (Cl^- • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	6.00 ± 0.46	kcal/mol	N/A	Tschurl, Ueberfluss, et al., 2007	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	9.4 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	9.90	kcal/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1984	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	8.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Paul and Kebarle, 1991	gas phase; from Ph. D. thesis of S. Chowdhury, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δ_rH°	10.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	17.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	17.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Paul and Kebarle, 1991	gas phase; from Ph. D. thesis of S. Chowdhury, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δ_rS°	17.1	cal/mol*K	N/A	Larson and McMahon, 1984, 2	gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.0 ± 2.6	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	3.8 ± 1.6	kcal/mol	IMRE	Chowdhury and Kebarle, 1986	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	4.8 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1984	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rG°	3.80	kcal/mol	IMRE	French, Ikuta, et al., 1982	gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.6	300.	PHPMS	Paul and Kebarle, 1991	gas phase; from Ph. D. thesis of S. Chowdhury, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
3.8	300.	PHPMS	Chowdhury and Kebarle, 1986	gas phase; M
3.8	300.	PHPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₆H₅^- + = Benzene

By formula: C₆H₅^- + H⁺ = C₆H₆

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	401.22 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	G+TS	Davico, Bierbaum, et al., 1995	gas phase; Revised per Ervin and DeTuro, 2002 change in NH3 acidity. Alecu, Gao, et al., 2007 using thermal methods, agrees with this BDE: 112.8±0.6; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δ_rH°	401.16 ± 0.21	kcal/mol	D-EA	Gunion, Gilles, et al., 1992	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	400.7 ± 2.5	kcal/mol	TDEq	Meot-ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	401. ± 10.	kcal/mol	CIDT	Graul and Squires, 1990	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	398.0 ± 5.6	kcal/mol	G+TS	Bohme and Young, 1971	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	392.40 ± 0.40	kcal/mol	IMRE	Davico, Bierbaum, et al., 1995	gas phase; Revised per Ervin and DeTuro, 2002 change in NH3 acidity. Alecu, Gao, et al., 2007 using thermal methods, agrees with this BDE: 112.8±0.6; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δ_rG°	390.9 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDEq	Meot-ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	390.1 ± 6.5	kcal/mol	IMRB	Bartmess and McIver Jr., 1979	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	389.2 ± 5.5	kcal/mol	IMRB	Bohme and Young, 1971	gas phase; B

C₆H₆⁺ + Benzene = (C₆H₆⁺ • Benzene )

By formula: C₆H₆⁺ + C₆H₆ = (C₆H₆⁺ • C₆H₆)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14. ± 8.	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 7 out of 10 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	27.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Field, Hamlet, et al., 1969	gas phase; M

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: Li⁺ + C₆H₆ = (Li⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	38.5 ± 3.2	kcal/mol	CIDT	Amicangelo and Armentrout, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	37.9	kcal/mol	ICR	Woodin and Beauchamp, 1978	gas phase; switching reaction(Li+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970 extrapolated; M
Δ_rH°	36.5	kcal/mol	ICR	Staley and Beauchamp, 1975	gas phase; switching reaction(Li+)H2O, from graph; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970 extrapolated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.5	cal/mol*K	N/A	Woodin and Beauchamp, 1978	gas phase; switching reaction(Li+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970 extrapolated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	29.7	kcal/mol	ICR	Woodin and Beauchamp, 1978	gas phase; switching reaction(Li+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970 extrapolated; M

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: Br^- + C₆H₆ = (Br^- • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.0 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	17.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	17.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Paul and Kebarle, 1991	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	2.5 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Paul and Kebarle, 1991	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	3.9 ± 2.6	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
0.0	423.	PHPMS	Paul and Kebarle, 1991	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

( • Benzene ) + Benzene = ( • 2 Benzene )

By formula: (Na⁺ • C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (Na⁺ • 2C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	20. ± 1.	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 7 values; Individual data points

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: Na⁺ + C₆H₆ = (Na⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	22.8 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	CIDC	Amicangelo and Armentrout, 2001	Anchor NH3=24.41; RCD
Δ_rH°	21.1 ± 1.2	kcal/mol	CIDT	Amicangelo and Armentrout, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	21.1 ± 1.1	kcal/mol	CIDT	Armentrout and Rodgers, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	28.0	kcal/mol	HPMS	Guo, Purnell, et al., 1990	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	31.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Guo, Purnell, et al., 1990	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
15.7	298.	IMRE	McMahon and Ohanessian, 2000	Anchor alanine=39.89; RCD

C₉H₁₃N⁺ + Benzene = (C₉H₁₃N⁺ • Benzene )

By formula: C₉H₁₃N⁺ + C₆H₆ = (C₉H₁₃N⁺ • C₆H₆)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
2.6	331.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₇H₉N⁺ + Benzene = (C₇H₉N⁺ • Benzene )

By formula: C₇H₉N⁺ + C₆H₆ = (C₇H₉N⁺ • C₆H₆)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₈H₁₁N⁺ + Benzene = (C₈H₁₁N⁺ • Benzene )

By formula: C₈H₁₁N⁺ + C₆H₆ = (C₈H₁₁N⁺ • C₆H₆)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	2.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₁₀H₁₀Fe⁺ + Benzene = (C₁₀H₁₀Fe⁺ • Benzene )

By formula: C₁₀H₁₀Fe⁺ + C₆H₆ = (C₁₀H₁₀Fe⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1989	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, Δ_rH<, DG<; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1989	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, Δ_rH<, DG<; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.0	252.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1989	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, Δ_rH<, DG<; M

( • Benzene ) + Benzene = ( • 2 Benzene )

By formula: (Co⁺ • C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (Co⁺ • 2C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	39.9 ± 3.3	kcal/mol	CIDT	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	RCD
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.8	cal/mol*K	SIDT	Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993	gas phase; Δ_rS(490 K); M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
39.9 (+3.2,-0.)		CID	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M
27.0 (+1.0,-0.)		SIDT	Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993	gas phase; Δ_rS(490 K); M

C₇H₈⁺ + Benzene = (C₇H₈⁺ • Benzene )

By formula: C₇H₈⁺ + C₆H₆ = (C₇H₈⁺ • C₆H₆)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.2	kcal/mol	MPI	Ernstberger, Krause, et al., 1990	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	5.5	kcal/mol	PI	Ruhl, Bisling, et al., 1986	gas phase; from vIP of perpendicular dimer; M
Δ_rH°	12.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978	gas phase; M

C₂H₇O⁺ + Benzene = (C₂H₇O⁺ • Benzene )

By formula: C₂H₇O⁺ + C₆H₆ = (C₂H₇O⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	21.	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Deakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Deakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.7	491.	PHPMS	Deakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

( • Benzene • ) + Benzene = ( • 2 Benzene • )

By formula: (K⁺ • C₆H₆ • H₂O) + C₆H₆ = (K⁺ • 2C₆H₆ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.4	kcal/mol	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(K+ 3H2O)C6H6, Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	30.1	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(K+ 3H2O)C6H6, Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M

( • 2 • Benzene ) + = ( • 3 • Benzene )

By formula: (K⁺ • 2H₂O • C₆H₆) + H₂O = (K⁺ • 3H₂O • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.8	kcal/mol	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(K+)4H2O; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.3	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(K+)4H2O; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M

( • • Benzene ) + = ( • 2 • Benzene )

By formula: (K⁺ • H₂O • C₆H₆) + H₂O = (K⁺ • 2H₂O • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.7	kcal/mol	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(K+)3H2O; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.4	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(K+)3H2O; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: I^- + C₆H₆ = (I^- • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	6.1 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	9.1 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Caldwell, Masucci, et al., 1989	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	14.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	1.8 ± 2.6	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

C₃H₃⁺ + Benzene = (C₃H₃⁺ • Benzene )

By formula: C₃H₃⁺ + C₆H₆ = (C₃H₃⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.0	kcal/mol	HPMS	Field, Hamlet, et al., 1969	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	9.	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Field, Hamlet, et al., 1969	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Field, Hamlet, et al., 1969	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M

( • • 2 Benzene ) + = ( • 2 • 2 Benzene )

By formula: (K⁺ • H₂O • 2C₆H₆) + H₂O = (K⁺ • 2H₂O • 2C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.2	kcal/mol	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(K+ 3H2O)C6H6; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	29.4	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(K+ 3H2O)C6H6; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M

(C₆H₆⁺ • 2 Benzene ) + Benzene = (C₆H₆⁺ • 3 Benzene )

By formula: (C₆H₆⁺ • 2C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (C₆H₆⁺ • 3C₆H₆)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	7.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1991	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Hiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1991	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

( • Benzene • 2) + Benzene = ( • 2 Benzene • 2)

By formula: (K⁺ • C₆H₆ • 2H₂O) + C₆H₆ = (K⁺ • 2C₆H₆ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.8	kcal/mol	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; switching reaction(K+ 3H2O)C6H6; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	33.7	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; switching reaction(K+ 3H2O)C6H6; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: Cr⁺ + C₆H₆ = (Cr⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	40.2	kcal/mol	MID	Lin, Chen, et al., 1997	RCD
Δ_rH°	39.2 ± 3.3	kcal/mol	RAK	Lin and Dunbar, 1997	RCD
Δ_rH°	40.6 ± 2.4	kcal/mol	CIDT	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
40.6 (+2.3,-0.)		CID	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • 2 Benzene ) + = ( • • 2 Benzene )

By formula: (K⁺ • 2C₆H₆) + H₂O = (K⁺ • H₂O • 2C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.7	kcal/mol	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; switching reaction(K+ 2H2O)C6H6; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.1	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; switching reaction(K+ 2H2O)C6H6; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M

( • Benzene ) + = ( • • Benzene )

By formula: (K⁺ • C₆H₆) + H₂O = (K⁺ • H₂O • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	18.1	kcal/mol	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; switching reaction(K+ C6H6)C6H6; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	29.9	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; switching reaction(K+ C6H6)C6H6; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M

( • 2) + Benzene = ( • Benzene • 2)

By formula: (K⁺ • 2H₂O) + C₆H₆ = (K⁺ • C₆H₆ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.4	kcal/mol	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; switching reaction(K+)3H2O; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.3	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; switching reaction(K+)3H2O; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M

( • 3) + Benzene = ( • Benzene • 3)

By formula: (K⁺ • 3H₂O) + C₆H₆ = (K⁺ • C₆H₆ • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.6	kcal/mol	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; switching reaction(K+)4H2O; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.6	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; switching reaction(K+)4H2O; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M

( • ) + Benzene = ( • Benzene • )

By formula: (K⁺ • H₂O) + C₆H₆ = (K⁺ • C₆H₆ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.8	kcal/mol	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; switching reaction(K+)2H2O; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.1	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; switching reaction(K+)2H2O; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M

( • Benzene ) + Benzene = ( • 2 Benzene )

By formula: (Cr⁺ • C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (Cr⁺ • 2C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	50.7 ± 9.1	kcal/mol	RAK	Lin and Dunbar, 1997	RCD
Δ_rH°	55.4 ± 4.3	kcal/mol	CIDT	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
55.3 (+4.4,-0.)		CID	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: F^- + C₆H₆ = (F^- • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; B

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: Mn⁺ + C₆H₆ = (Mn⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	34.4	kcal/mol	MID	Lin, Chen, et al., 1997	RCD
Δ_rH°	31.8 ± 2.2	kcal/mol	CIDT	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
31.8 (+2.1,-0.)		CID	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: V⁺ + C₆H₆ = (V⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	>55.	kcal/mol	RAK	Gapeev and Dunbar, 2002	RCD
Δ_rH°	55.9 ± 2.4	kcal/mol	CIDT	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
55.8 (+2.3,-0.)		CID	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: Fe⁺ + C₆H₆ = (Fe⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	47.1	kcal/mol	RAK	Gapeev and Dunbar, 2002	RCD
Δ_rH°	49.5 ± 2.9	kcal/mol	CIDT	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
49.6 (+2.3,-0.)		CID	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: Ti⁺ + C₆H₆ = (Ti⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	50.9	kcal/mol	RAK	Gapeev and Dunbar, 2002	RCD
Δ_rH°	61.9 ± 2.2	kcal/mol	CIDT	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
61.8 (+2.1,-0.)		CID	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • Benzene ) + Benzene = ( • 2 Benzene )

By formula: (K⁺ • C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (K⁺ • 2C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.1 ± 1.7	kcal/mol	CIDT	Amicangelo and Armentrout, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	18.8	kcal/mol	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	33.9	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; M

C₄H₉⁺ + Benzene = (C₄H₉⁺ • Benzene )

By formula: C₄H₉⁺ + C₆H₆ = (C₄H₉⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	22.	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Sen Sharma, Ikuta, et al., 1982	gas phase; forms protonated t-butylbenzene; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	49.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Sen Sharma, Ikuta, et al., 1982	gas phase; forms protonated t-butylbenzene; M

(C₆H₆⁺ • Benzene ) + Benzene = (C₆H₆⁺ • 2 Benzene )

By formula: (C₆H₆⁺ • C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (C₆H₆⁺ • 2C₆H₆)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	7.8 ± 0.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1991	gas phase; M

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: K⁺ + C₆H₆ = (K⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.5 ± 0.9	kcal/mol	CIDT	Amicangelo and Armentrout, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	19.2	kcal/mol	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.6	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; M

C₆H₇N⁺ + Benzene = (C₆H₇N⁺ • Benzene )

By formula: C₆H₇N⁺ + C₆H₆ = (C₆H₇N⁺ • C₆H₆)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986	gas phase; M

C₁₁H₁₀⁺ + Benzene = (C₁₁H₁₀⁺ • Benzene )

By formula: C₁₁H₁₀⁺ + C₆H₆ = (C₁₁H₁₀⁺ • C₆H₆)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	El-Shall and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	El-Shall and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1987	gas phase; M

C₆H₅Cl⁺ + Benzene = (C₆H₅Cl⁺ • Benzene )

By formula: C₆H₅Cl⁺ + C₆H₆ = (C₆H₅Cl⁺ • C₆H₆)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978	gas phase; M

C₉H₁₂⁺ + Benzene = (C₉H₁₂⁺ • Benzene )

By formula: C₉H₁₂⁺ + C₆H₆ = (C₉H₁₂⁺ • C₆H₆)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978	gas phase; M

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: NO^- + C₆H₆ = (NO^- • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	41.1	kcal/mol	ICR	Reents and Freiser, 1981	gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder(NO+)C2H5OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Farid and McMahon, 1978; M

( • Benzene ) + Benzene = ( • 2 Benzene )

By formula: (Fe⁺ • C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (Fe⁺ • 2C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	44.7 ± 3.8	kcal/mol	CIDT	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
44.7 (+3.9,-0.)		CID	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • Benzene ) + Benzene = ( • 2 Benzene )

By formula: (Ti⁺ • C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (Ti⁺ • 2C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	60.5 ± 4.3	kcal/mol	CIDT	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
60.4 (+4.4,-0.)		CID	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • Benzene ) + Benzene = ( • 2 Benzene )

By formula: (Mn⁺ • C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (Mn⁺ • 2C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	48.5 ± 3.8	kcal/mol	CIDT	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
48.4 (+3.9,-0.)		CID	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • Benzene ) + Benzene = ( • 2 Benzene )

By formula: (Ni⁺ • C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (Ni⁺ • 2C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	35.1 ± 2.9	kcal/mol	CIDT	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
35.1 (+2.8,-0.)		CID	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • Benzene ) + Benzene = ( • 2 Benzene )

By formula: (Cu⁺ • C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (Cu⁺ • 2C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	37.0 ± 2.9	kcal/mol	CIDT	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
37.1 (+2.8,-0.)		CID	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

(CAS Reg. No. 79431-04-2 • 4294967295 Benzene ) + Benzene = CAS Reg. No. 79431-04-2

By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 79431-04-2 • 4294967295C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = CAS Reg. No. 79431-04-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	21.5 ± 4.2	kcal/mol	Ther	Lee and Squires, 1986	gas phase; Between SiH₄, tBuOH; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: Ni⁺ + C₆H₆ = (Ni⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	58.1 ± 2.6	kcal/mol	CIDT	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
58.1 (+2.5,-0.)		CID	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

IR Spectrum

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, References, Notes

Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

Data compiled by: Tanya L. Myers, Russell G. Tonkyn, Ashley M. Oeck, Tyler O. Danby, John S. Loring, Matthew S. Taubman, Stephen W. Sharpe, Jerome C. Birnbaum, and Timothy J. Johnson

liquid; Bruker Tensor 27 FTIR; 0.48212986 cm^-1 resolution

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Data compiled by: Pamela M. Chu, Franklin R. Guenther, George C. Rhoderick, and Walter J. Lafferty

gas; IFS66V (Bruker); 3-Term B-H Apodization
0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm^-1 resolution
gas; IFS66V (Bruker); Boxcar Apodization
0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm^-1 resolution
gas; IFS66V (Bruker); Happ Genzel Apodization
0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm^-1 resolution
gas; IFS66V (Bruker); NB Strong Apodization
0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm^-1 resolution
gas; IFS66V (Bruker); Triangular Apodization
0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm^-1 resolution

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Notes

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Notes

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Symbols used in this document:

C_p,gas	Constant pressure heat capacity of gas
C_p,liquid	Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid
C_p,solid	Constant pressure heat capacity of solid
P_c	Critical pressure
S°_liquid	Entropy of liquid at standard conditions
S°_{solid,1 bar}	Entropy of solid at standard conditions (1 bar)
T	Temperature
T_boil	Boiling point
T_c	Critical temperature
T_fus	Fusion (melting) point
T_triple	Triple point temperature
V_c	Critical volume
Δ_cH°_liquid	Enthalpy of combustion of liquid at standard conditions
Δ_fH°_gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
Δ_fH°_liquid	Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions
Δ_fusH	Enthalpy of fusion
Δ_fusS	Entropy of fusion
Δ_rG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_rH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_rS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_subH	Enthalpy of sublimation
Δ_subH°	Enthalpy of sublimation at standard conditions
Δ_vapH	Enthalpy of vaporization
Δ_vapH°	Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions
ρ_c	Critical density

Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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