Urea

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Condensed phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfsolid-333.11 ± 0.69kJ/molCcbKabo, Miroshnichenko, et al., 1990see Simirsky, Kabo, et al., 1987; ALS
Δfsolid-320.2 ± 2.0kJ/molCcbContineanu, Wagner, et al., 1982ALS
Δfsolid-333.39 ± 0.17kJ/molCcbJohnson, 1975ALS
Δfsolid-333.3 ± 0.2kJ/molCcbHuffman, 1940ALS
Δfsolid-323.6kJ/molCcbSchmidt and Becker, 1933ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δcsolid-635. ± 8.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 8 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
solid,1 bar104.26J/mol*KN/AAndersson, Matsuo, et al., 1993DH
solid,1 bar104.93J/mol*KN/AKozyro, Dalidovich, et al., 1986DH
solid,1 bar105.4J/mol*KN/AParks, Huffman, et al., 1933Extrapolation below 90 K, 33.18 J/mol*K.; DH
solid,1 bar172.J/mol*KN/AGibson, Latimer, et al., 1920Extrapolation below 86 K, no details.; DH

Constant pressure heat capacity of solid

Cp,solid (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
92.79298.15Andersson, Matsuo, et al., 1993T = 15 to 310 K.; DH
94.0304.7Gambino and Bros, 1988T = 303 to 413 K.; DH
93.08298.15Kozyro, Dalidovich, et al., 1986T = 5 to 400 K. Cp = 38.43 + 4.98x10-2T + 7.05x10-4T2 - 8.61x10-7T3 (240 to 400 K).; DH
90.0298.15Sasaki and Yokotake, 1966T = 90 to 298 K.; DH
93.14298.15Ruehrwein and Huffman, 1946T = 19 to 318 K.; DH
68.6293.Campbell and Campbell, 1940DH
93.64298.0Parks, Huffman, et al., 1933T = 93 to 298 K. Value is unsmoothed experimental datum.; DH
115.5298.0Gibson, Latimer, et al., 1920T = 86 to 300 K. Value is unsmoothed experimental datum.; DH

IR Spectrum

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Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

Data compiled by: Timothy J. Johnson, Tanya L. Myers, Yin-Fong Su, Russell G. Tonkyn, Molly Rose K. Kelly-Gorham, and Tyler O. Danby


References

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Kabo, Miroshnichenko, et al., 1990
Kabo, G.Ya.; Miroshnichenko, E.A.; Frenkel, M.L.; Kozyro, A.A.; Simirskii, V.V.; Krasulin, A.P.; Vorob'eva, V.P.; Lebedev, Yu.A., Thermochemistry of urea alkyl derivatives, Bull. Acad. Sci. USSR, Div. Chem. Sci., 1990, 662-667. [all data]

Simirsky, Kabo, et al., 1987
Simirsky, V.V.; Kabo, G.J.; Frenkel, M.L., Additivity of the enthalpies of formation of urea derivatives in the crystalline state, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1987, 19, 1121-1127. [all data]

Contineanu, Wagner, et al., 1982
Contineanu, I.; Wagner, L.; Stanescu, L.; Marchidan, D.I., Combustion and formation enthalpies of o-phenylenediamine, urea and 2-benzimidazolone, Rev. Roum. Chim., 1982, 27, 205-209. [all data]

Johnson, 1975
Johnson, W.H., The enthalpies of combustion and formation of acetanilide and urea, J. Res. NBS, 1975, 79, 487-491. [all data]

Huffman, 1940
Huffman, H.M., Thermal Data. XII. The heats of combustion of urea and guanidine carbonate and their standard free energies of formation, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1940, 62, 1009-1011. [all data]

Schmidt and Becker, 1933
Schmidt, V.A.; Becker, F., Die Bildungswarme von Nitrocellulofen, Nitroglycerin und anderen widuigen Beltandteilen von Treibmitteln, Z. Gesamte Schiess Sprengstoffwes., 1933, 33, 280-282. [all data]

Andersson, Matsuo, et al., 1993
Andersson, O.; Matsuo, T.; Suga, H.; Ferloni, P., Low-temperature heat capacity of urea, Int. J. Thermophys., 1993, 14(1), 149-158. [all data]

Kozyro, Dalidovich, et al., 1986
Kozyro, A.A.; Dalidovich, S.V.; Krasulin, A.P., Heat capacity, enthalpy of fusion, and thermodynamic properties of urea, Zhur. Prikl. Khim. (Leningrad), 1986, 59, 1456-1459. [all data]

Parks, Huffman, et al., 1933
Parks, G.S.; Huffman, H.M.; Barmore, M., Thermal data on organic compounds. XI. The heat capacities, entropies and free energies of ten compounds containing oxygen or nitrogen. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1933, 55, 2733-2740. [all data]

Gibson, Latimer, et al., 1920
Gibson, G.E.; Latimer, W.M.; Parks, G.S., Entropy changes at low temperatures. I. Formic acid and urea. A test of the third law of thermodynamics, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1920, 42, 1533-1542. [all data]

Gambino and Bros, 1988
Gambino, M.; Bros, J.P., Capacite calorifique de l'uree et de quelques melanges eutectiques a base d'uree entre 30 et 140°C, Thermochim. Acta, 1988, 127, 223-236. [all data]

Sasaki and Yokotake, 1966
Sasaki, K.; Yokotake, T., Thermodynamic properties of the products in SO3-NH3 reaction. II. Specific heats of sulfamide and ammonium sulfamate, Tokyo Kogyo Shikenshi Hokohu, 1966, 61, 309-314. [all data]

Ruehrwein and Huffman, 1946
Ruehrwein, R.A.; Huffman, H.M., Thermal data. XIX. The heat capacity, entropy and free energy of urea, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1946, 68, 1759-1761. [all data]

Campbell and Campbell, 1940
Campbell, A.N.; Campbell, A.J.R., The heats of solution, heats of formation, specific heats and equilibrium diagrams of certain molecular compounds. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1940, 62, 291-297. [all data]


Notes

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