Hydronium cation


Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
gas,1 bar192.25J/mol*KReviewChase, 1998Data last reviewed in June, 1966

Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Reactions 1 to 50

(Hydronium cation • 2Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 3Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 2H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 3H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr73. ± 4.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 9 out of 16 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr118. ± 8.J/mol*KAVGN/AAverage of 6 out of 9 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr39.kJ/molFABierbaum, Golde, et al., 1976gas phase

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
38.300.HPMSArifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971gas phase
38.296.SAMSPuckett and Teague, 1971gas phase
35.300.PHPMSGood, Durden, et al., 1970gas phase
35.307.PHPMSGood, Durden, et al., 1970, 2gas phase

Hydronium cation + Water = (Hydronium cation • Water)

By formula: H3O+ + H2O = (H3O+ • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr136. ± 9.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 7 out of 14 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr120. ± 30.J/mol*KAVGN/AAverage of 5 out of 7 values; Individual data points

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
34.300.HPMSArifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971gas phase

(Hydronium cation • Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 2Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 2H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr84. ± 5.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 7 out of 14 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr94. ± 20.J/mol*KAVGN/AAverage of 5 out of 7 values; Individual data points

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
36.300.HPMSArifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 3Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 4Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 3H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 4H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr56. ± 20.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 6 out of 9 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr100. ± 20.J/mol*KAVGN/AAverage of 5 out of 7 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr23.kJ/molFABierbaum, Golde, et al., 1976gas phase

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
24.293.ES/HPMSKlassen, Blades, et al., 1995gas phase
23.296.SAMSPuckett and Teague, 1971gas phase
21.300.PHPMSGood, Durden, et al., 1970gas phase
21.307.PHPMSGood, Durden, et al., 1970, 2gas phase
29.300.HPMSArifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 4Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 5Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 4H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 5H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr50. ± 8.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 5 out of 8 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr102. ± 20.J/mol*KAVGN/AAverage of 4 out of 6 values; Individual data points

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
19.293.ES/HPMSKlassen, Blades, et al., 1995gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 5Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 6Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 5H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 6H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr44.8kJ/molPHPMSLau, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase
Δr49.0kJ/molHPMSKebarle, Searles, et al., 1967gas phase
Δr67.32kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase; Entropy change is questionable
Δr28.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr109.J/mol*KPHPMSLau, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase
Δr124.J/mol*KHPMSKebarle, Searles, et al., 1967gas phase
Δr346.0J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase; Entropy change is questionable

(Hydronium cation • 6Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 7Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 6H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 7H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr28.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Δr43.1kJ/molHPMSKebarle, Searles, et al., 1967gas phase
Δr50.33kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase; Entropy change is questionable
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr110.J/mol*KHPMSKebarle, Searles, et al., 1967gas phase
Δr218.9J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase; Entropy change is questionable

Hydronium cation + Carbon dioxide = (Hydronium cation • Carbon dioxide)

By formula: H3O+ + CO2 = (H3O+ • CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr59.8kJ/molPHPMSSzulejko and McMahon, 1992gas phase
Δr64.0kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase
Δr60.2kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1977gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr88.7J/mol*KPHPMSSzulejko and McMahon, 1992gas phase
Δr103.J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase
Δr86.6J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1977gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 12Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 13Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 12H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 13H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr43.10kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
Δr28.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr158.7J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 13Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 14Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 13H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 14H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr44.35kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
Δr28.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr166.7J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 14Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 15Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 14H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 15H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr44.85kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
Δr28.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr168.9J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 15Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 16Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 15H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 16H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr45.27kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
Δr25.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr176.4J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 16Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 17Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 16H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 17H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr45.02kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
Δr28.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr173.1J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 17Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 18Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 17H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 18H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr44.98kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
Δr26.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr170.0J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 18Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 19Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 18H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 19H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr44.60kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
Δr29.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr171.5J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 19Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 20Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 19H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 20H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr44.10kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
Δr38.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr165.8J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 20Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 21Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 20H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 21H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr43.64kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
Δr31.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr156.7J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 21Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 22Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 21H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 22H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr43.18kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
Δr25.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr165.1J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 22Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 23Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 22H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 23H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr43.72kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
Δr27.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr162.8J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 23Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 24Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 23H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 24H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr43.01kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
Δr28.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr156.7J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 24Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 25Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 24H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 25H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr42.09kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
Δr30.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr151.3J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 10Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 11Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 10H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 11H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr38.9kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
Δr28.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr112.6J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 11Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 12Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 11H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 12H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr41.1kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
Δr29.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr140.7J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 25Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 26Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 25H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 26H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr40.7kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
Δr26.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr137.4J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 26Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 27Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 26H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 27H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr39.4kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
Δr34.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr129.4J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 9Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 10Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 9H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 10H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr37.2kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
Δr28.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr107.8J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 8Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 9Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 8H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 9H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr36.7kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
Δr24.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr112.6J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 7Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 8Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 7H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 8H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr40.9kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
Δr21.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr140.0J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 2Nitrogen • 3Water) + Nitrogen = (Hydronium cation • 3Nitrogen • 3Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 2N2 • 3H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 3N2 • 3H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr5.0kJ/molDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase; ΔrH, ΔrS approximate
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr27.J/mol*KDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase; ΔrH, ΔrS approximate

(Hydronium cation • 3Nitrous oxide) + Nitrous oxide = (Hydronium cation • 4Nitrous oxide)

By formula: (H3O+ • 3N2O) + N2O = (H3O+ • 4N2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr22.kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr88.J/mol*KN/AHiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated

(Hydronium cation • 3Nitrogen • 2Water) + Nitrogen = (Hydronium cation • 4Nitrogen • 2Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 3N2 • 2H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 4N2 • 2H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr10.kJ/molDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase; ΔrH, ΔrS approximate
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr50.J/mol*KDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase; ΔrH, ΔrS approximate

(Hydronium cation • 27Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 28Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 27H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 28H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr37.9kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr116.2J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • Methane) + Methane = (Hydronium cation • 2Methane)

By formula: (H3O+ • CH4) + CH4 = (H3O+ • 2CH4)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr14.kJ/molHPMSBennet and Field, 1972gas phase; Entropy change is questionable
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr34.J/mol*KHPMSBennet and Field, 1972gas phase; Entropy change is questionable

(Hydronium cation • 4Water) + Sulfur dioxide = (Hydronium cation • Sulfur dioxide • 4Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 4H2O) + O2S = (H3O+ • O2S • 4H2O)

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
11.300.HPMSBanic and Iribarne, 1985gas phase; electric fields
11.300.HPMSBanic and Iribarne, 1985gas phase; electric fields

(Hydronium cation • 2Nitrogen • 2Water) + Nitrogen = (Hydronium cation • 3Nitrogen • 2Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 2N2 • 2H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 3N2 • 2H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr38. ± 11.kJ/molDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr119.J/mol*KDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 2Water) + Hydrogen cyanide = (Hydronium cation • Hydrogen cyanide • 2Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 2H2O) + CHN = (H3O+ • CHN • 2H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr82.8kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989gas phase; n
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr123.J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989gas phase; n

(Hydronium cation • 2Nitrogen • Water) + Nitrogen = (Hydronium cation • 3Nitrogen • Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 2N2 • H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 3N2 • H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr33. ± 8.kJ/molDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr92.J/mol*KDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase

(Hydronium cation • Nitrogen • 2Water) + Nitrogen = (Hydronium cation • 2Nitrogen • 2Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • N2 • 2H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 2N2 • 2H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr22.kJ/molDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr69.5J/mol*KDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase

(Hydronium cation • Nitrogen • 3Water) + Nitrogen = (Hydronium cation • 2Nitrogen • 3Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • N2 • 3H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 2N2 • 3H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr18.kJ/molDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr65.7J/mol*KDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase

(Hydronium cation • Nitrogen • Water) + Nitrogen = (Hydronium cation • 2Nitrogen • Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • N2 • H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 2N2 • H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr21.kJ/molDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr54.8J/mol*KDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 2Nitrous oxide) + Nitrous oxide = (Hydronium cation • 3Nitrous oxide)

By formula: (H3O+ • 2N2O) + N2O = (H3O+ • 3N2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr42.7kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr110.J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 2Water) + Nitrogen = (Hydronium cation • Nitrogen • 2Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 2H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • N2 • 2H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr21.kJ/molDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr59.8J/mol*KDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase

(Hydronium cation • Nitrous oxide) + Nitrous oxide = (Hydronium cation • 2Nitrous oxide)

By formula: (H3O+ • N2O) + N2O = (H3O+ • 2N2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr50.6kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr96.J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994gas phase

(Hydronium cation • Water) + Nitrogen = (Hydronium cation • Nitrogen • Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • N2 • H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr22.kJ/molDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr58.2J/mol*KDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 2Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Hydronium cation • 3Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (H3O+ • 2CO2) + CO2 = (H3O+ • 3CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr43.9kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr113.J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase

(Hydronium cation • Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Hydronium cation • 2Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (H3O+ • CO2) + CO2 = (H3O+ • 2CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr51.9kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr111.J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase

Hydronium cation + Nitrous oxide = (Hydronium cation • Nitrous oxide)

By formula: H3O+ + N2O = (H3O+ • N2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr70.7kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr110.J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994gas phase

Hydronium cation + Sulfur dioxide = (Hydronium cation • Sulfur dioxide)

By formula: H3O+ + O2S = (H3O+ • O2S)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr92.0kJ/molPHPMSSzulejko and McMahon, 1992gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr95.0J/mol*KPHPMSSzulejko and McMahon, 1992gas phase

Hydronium cation + Methane = (Hydronium cation • Methane)

By formula: H3O+ + CH4 = (H3O+ • CH4)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr33.kJ/molHPMSBennet and Field, 1972gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr85.4J/mol*KHPMSBennet and Field, 1972gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 3Water) + Sulfur dioxide = (Hydronium cation • Sulfur dioxide • 3Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 3H2O) + O2S = (H3O+ • O2S • 3H2O)

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
18.300.HPMSBanic and Iribarne, 1985gas phase; electric fields

Ion clustering data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

Hydronium cation + Methane = (Hydronium cation • Methane)

By formula: H3O+ + CH4 = (H3O+ • CH4)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr33.kJ/molHPMSBennet and Field, 1972gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr85.4J/mol*KHPMSBennet and Field, 1972gas phase

(Hydronium cation • Methane) + Methane = (Hydronium cation • 2Methane)

By formula: (H3O+ • CH4) + CH4 = (H3O+ • 2CH4)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr14.kJ/molHPMSBennet and Field, 1972gas phase; Entropy change is questionable
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr34.J/mol*KHPMSBennet and Field, 1972gas phase; Entropy change is questionable

Hydronium cation + Carbon dioxide = (Hydronium cation • Carbon dioxide)

By formula: H3O+ + CO2 = (H3O+ • CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr59.8kJ/molPHPMSSzulejko and McMahon, 1992gas phase
Δr64.0kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase
Δr60.2kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1977gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr88.7J/mol*KPHPMSSzulejko and McMahon, 1992gas phase
Δr103.J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase
Δr86.6J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1977gas phase

(Hydronium cation • Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Hydronium cation • 2Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (H3O+ • CO2) + CO2 = (H3O+ • 2CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr51.9kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr111.J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 2Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Hydronium cation • 3Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (H3O+ • 2CO2) + CO2 = (H3O+ • 3CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr43.9kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr113.J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase

Hydronium cation + Water = (Hydronium cation • Water)

By formula: H3O+ + H2O = (H3O+ • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr136. ± 9.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 7 out of 14 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr120. ± 30.J/mol*KAVGN/AAverage of 5 out of 7 values; Individual data points

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
34.300.HPMSArifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 2Water) + Hydrogen cyanide = (Hydronium cation • Hydrogen cyanide • 2Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 2H2O) + CHN = (H3O+ • CHN • 2H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr82.8kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989gas phase; n
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr123.J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989gas phase; n

(Hydronium cation • Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 2Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 2H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr84. ± 5.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 7 out of 14 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr94. ± 20.J/mol*KAVGN/AAverage of 5 out of 7 values; Individual data points

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
36.300.HPMSArifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 2Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 3Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 2H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 3H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr73. ± 4.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 9 out of 16 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr118. ± 8.J/mol*KAVGN/AAverage of 6 out of 9 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr39.kJ/molFABierbaum, Golde, et al., 1976gas phase

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
38.300.HPMSArifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971gas phase
38.296.SAMSPuckett and Teague, 1971gas phase
35.300.PHPMSGood, Durden, et al., 1970gas phase
35.307.PHPMSGood, Durden, et al., 1970, 2gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 3Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 4Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 3H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 4H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr56. ± 20.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 6 out of 9 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr100. ± 20.J/mol*KAVGN/AAverage of 5 out of 7 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr23.kJ/molFABierbaum, Golde, et al., 1976gas phase

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
24.293.ES/HPMSKlassen, Blades, et al., 1995gas phase
23.296.SAMSPuckett and Teague, 1971gas phase
21.300.PHPMSGood, Durden, et al., 1970gas phase
21.307.PHPMSGood, Durden, et al., 1970, 2gas phase
29.300.HPMSArifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 4Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 5Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 4H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 5H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr50. ± 8.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 5 out of 8 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr102. ± 20.J/mol*KAVGN/AAverage of 4 out of 6 values; Individual data points

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
19.293.ES/HPMSKlassen, Blades, et al., 1995gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 5Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 6Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 5H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 6H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr44.8kJ/molPHPMSLau, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase
Δr49.0kJ/molHPMSKebarle, Searles, et al., 1967gas phase
Δr67.32kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase; Entropy change is questionable
Δr28.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr109.J/mol*KPHPMSLau, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase
Δr124.J/mol*KHPMSKebarle, Searles, et al., 1967gas phase
Δr346.0J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase; Entropy change is questionable

(Hydronium cation • 6Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 7Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 6H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 7H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr28.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Δr43.1kJ/molHPMSKebarle, Searles, et al., 1967gas phase
Δr50.33kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase; Entropy change is questionable
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr110.J/mol*KHPMSKebarle, Searles, et al., 1967gas phase
Δr218.9J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase; Entropy change is questionable

(Hydronium cation • 7Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 8Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 7H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 8H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr40.9kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
Δr21.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr140.0J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 8Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 9Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 8H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 9H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr36.7kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
Δr24.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr112.6J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 9Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 10Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 9H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 10H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr37.2kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
Δr28.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr107.8J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 10Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 11Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 10H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 11H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr38.9kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
Δr28.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr112.6J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 11Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 12Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 11H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 12H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr41.1kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
Δr29.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr140.7J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 12Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 13Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 12H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 13H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr43.10kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
Δr28.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr158.7J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 13Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 14Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 13H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 14H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr44.35kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
Δr28.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr166.7J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 14Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 15Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 14H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 15H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr44.85kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
Δr28.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr168.9J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 15Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 16Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 15H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 16H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr45.27kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
Δr25.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr176.4J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 16Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 17Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 16H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 17H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr45.02kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
Δr28.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr173.1J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 17Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 18Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 17H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 18H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr44.98kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
Δr26.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr170.0J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 18Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 19Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 18H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 19H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr44.60kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
Δr29.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr171.5J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 19Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 20Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 19H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 20H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr44.10kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
Δr38.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr165.8J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 20Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 21Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 20H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 21H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr43.64kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
Δr31.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr156.7J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 21Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 22Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 21H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 22H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr43.18kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
Δr25.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr165.1J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 22Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 23Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 22H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 23H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr43.72kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
Δr27.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr162.8J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 23Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 24Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 23H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 24H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr43.01kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
Δr28.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr156.7J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 24Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 25Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 24H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 25H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr42.09kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
Δr30.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr151.3J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 25Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 26Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 25H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 26H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr40.7kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
Δr26.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr137.4J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 26Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 27Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 26H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 27H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr39.4kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
Δr34.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr129.4J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 27Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 28Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 27H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 28H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr37.9kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr116.2J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • Water) + Nitrogen = (Hydronium cation • Nitrogen • Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • N2 • H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr22.kJ/molDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr58.2J/mol*KDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 2Water) + Nitrogen = (Hydronium cation • Nitrogen • 2Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 2H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • N2 • 2H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr21.kJ/molDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr59.8J/mol*KDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 3Water) + Sulfur dioxide = (Hydronium cation • Sulfur dioxide • 3Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 3H2O) + O2S = (H3O+ • O2S • 3H2O)

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
18.300.HPMSBanic and Iribarne, 1985gas phase; electric fields

(Hydronium cation • 4Water) + Sulfur dioxide = (Hydronium cation • Sulfur dioxide • 4Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 4H2O) + O2S = (H3O+ • O2S • 4H2O)

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
11.300.HPMSBanic and Iribarne, 1985gas phase; electric fields
11.300.HPMSBanic and Iribarne, 1985gas phase; electric fields

Hydronium cation + Hydrogen = (Hydronium cation • Hydrogen)

By formula: H3O+ + H2 = (H3O+ • H2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr15. ± 2.kJ/molSCATTERINGOkumura, Yeh, et al., 1990gas phase

Hydronium cation + Nitrous oxide = (Hydronium cation • Nitrous oxide)

By formula: H3O+ + N2O = (H3O+ • N2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr70.7kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr110.J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994gas phase

(Hydronium cation • Nitrous oxide) + Nitrous oxide = (Hydronium cation • 2Nitrous oxide)

By formula: (H3O+ • N2O) + N2O = (H3O+ • 2N2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr50.6kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr96.J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 2Nitrous oxide) + Nitrous oxide = (Hydronium cation • 3Nitrous oxide)

By formula: (H3O+ • 2N2O) + N2O = (H3O+ • 3N2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr42.7kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr110.J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 3Nitrous oxide) + Nitrous oxide = (Hydronium cation • 4Nitrous oxide)

By formula: (H3O+ • 3N2O) + N2O = (H3O+ • 4N2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr22.kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr88.J/mol*KN/AHiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated

(Hydronium cation • Nitrogen • Water) + Nitrogen = (Hydronium cation • 2Nitrogen • Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • N2 • H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 2N2 • H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr21.kJ/molDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr54.8J/mol*KDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase

(Hydronium cation • Nitrogen • 2Water) + Nitrogen = (Hydronium cation • 2Nitrogen • 2Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • N2 • 2H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 2N2 • 2H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr22.kJ/molDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr69.5J/mol*KDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase

(Hydronium cation • Nitrogen • 3Water) + Nitrogen = (Hydronium cation • 2Nitrogen • 3Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • N2 • 3H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 2N2 • 3H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr18.kJ/molDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr65.7J/mol*KDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 2Nitrogen • Water) + Nitrogen = (Hydronium cation • 3Nitrogen • Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 2N2 • H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 3N2 • H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr33. ± 8.kJ/molDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr92.J/mol*KDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 2Nitrogen • 2Water) + Nitrogen = (Hydronium cation • 3Nitrogen • 2Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 2N2 • 2H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 3N2 • 2H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr38. ± 11.kJ/molDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr119.J/mol*KDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 2Nitrogen • 3Water) + Nitrogen = (Hydronium cation • 3Nitrogen • 3Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 2N2 • 3H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 3N2 • 3H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr5.0kJ/molDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase; ΔrH, ΔrS approximate
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr27.J/mol*KDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase; ΔrH, ΔrS approximate

(Hydronium cation • 3Nitrogen • 2Water) + Nitrogen = (Hydronium cation • 4Nitrogen • 2Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 3N2 • 2H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 4N2 • 2H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr10.kJ/molDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase; ΔrH, ΔrS approximate
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr50.J/mol*KDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase; ΔrH, ΔrS approximate

Hydronium cation + Sulfur dioxide = (Hydronium cation • Sulfur dioxide)

By formula: H3O+ + O2S = (H3O+ • O2S)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr92.0kJ/molPHPMSSzulejko and McMahon, 1992gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr95.0J/mol*KPHPMSSzulejko and McMahon, 1992gas phase

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Ion clustering data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr., NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]

Bierbaum, Golde, et al., 1976
Bierbaum, V.M.; Golde, M.F.; Kaufman, F., Flowing Afterglow Studies of Hydronium Ion Clustering Including Diffusion Effects, J. Chem. Phys., 1976, 65, 7, 2715, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.433415 . [all data]

Arifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971
Arifov, U.A.; Pozharov, S.L.; Chernov, I.G., High Energy Chem., 1971, 5, 1. [all data]

Puckett and Teague, 1971
Puckett, L.J.; Teague, A.W., Production of H3O+.nH2O from NO+ Precursor in NO - H2O Gas Mixtures, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 54, 6, 2564, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1675213 . [all data]

Good, Durden, et al., 1970
Good, A.; Durden, D.A.; Kebarle, P., Ion-Molecule Reactions in Pure Nitrogen and Nitrogen Containing Traces of Water at Total Pressures 0.5 - 4 torr. Kinetics of Clustering Reactions Forming H+(H2O)n, J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 52, 1, 212, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1672667 . [all data]

Good, Durden, et al., 1970, 2
Good, A.; Durden, D.A.; Kebarle, P., Mechanism and Rate Constants of Ion-Molecule Reactions Leading to Formation of H+(H2O)n in Moist Oxygen and Air, J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 52, 1, 222, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1672668 . [all data]

Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995
Klassen, J.S.; Blades, A.T.; Kebarle, P., Determinations of Ion-Molecule Equilibria Involving Ions Produced by Electrospray. Hydration of Protonated Amines, Diamines, and Some Small Peptides, J. Phys. Chem., 1995, 99, 42, 15509, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100042a027 . [all data]

Lau, Ikuta, et al., 1982
Lau, Y.K.; Ikuta, S.; Kebarle, P., Thermodynamics and Kinetics of the Gas - Phase Reactions: H3O+(H2O)n - 1 + H2O = H3O+(H2O)n, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1982, 104, 6, 1462, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00370a002 . [all data]

Kebarle, Searles, et al., 1967
Kebarle, P.; Searles, S.K.; Zolla, A.; Scarborough, J.; Arshadi, M., The Solvation of the Hydrogen Ion by Water Molecules in the Gas Phase. Heats and Entropies of Solvation of the Individual Reactions: H+(H2O)n-1 + H2O = H+(H2O)n, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1967, 89, 25, 6393, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01001a001 . [all data]

Shi, Ford, et al., 1993
Shi, Z.; Ford, V.; Wei, S.; Castleman, A.W., Water Clusters - Contributions of Binding Energy and Entropy to Stability, J. Chem. Phys., 1993, 99, 10, 8009, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.465678 . [all data]

Magnera, David, et al., 1991
Magnera, T.F.; David, D.E.; Michl, J., The First Twenty - Eight Proton Hydration Energies, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1991, 182, 3-4, 363, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(91)80230-U . [all data]

Szulejko and McMahon, 1992
Szulejko, J.; McMahon, T.B., personal communication, 1992. [all data]

Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986
Hiraoka, K.; Shoda, T.; Morise, K.; Yamabe, S.; Kawai, E.; Hirao, K., Stability and structure of cluster ions in the gas phase: Carbon dioxide with Cl-, H3O+, HCO2+ and HCO+, J. Chem. Phys., 1986, 84, 2091. [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1977
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; Field, F.H., Proton Affinity and Ion - Molecule Clustering in CO2 and CS2. Applications in Martian Ionospheric Chemistry, J. Chem. Phys., 1977, 66, 10, 4527, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.433706 . [all data]

Gheno and Fitaire, 1987
Gheno, F.; Fitaire, M., Association of N2 with NH4+ and H3O+(H2O)n, n = 1,2,3, J. Chem. Phys., 1987, 87, 2, 953, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.453250 . [all data]

Hiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994
Hiraoka, K.; Fujimaki, S.; Aruga, K.; Sato, T.; Yamabe, S., Gas-Phase Solavtion of NO+, O2+, N2O+, and H3O+ with N2O, J. Chem. Phys., 1994, 101, 5, 4073, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.467524 . [all data]

Bennet and Field, 1972
Bennet, S.L.; Field, F.H., Reversible Reactions of Gaseous Ions. V. The Methane - Water System at Low Temperatures, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1972, 94, 15, 5188, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00770a008 . [all data]

Banic and Iribarne, 1985
Banic, C.M.; Iribarne, J.V., Equilibrium Constants for Clustering of Neutral Molecules about Gaseous Ions, J. Chem. Phys., 1985, 83, 12, 6432, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.449543 . [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; Speller, C.V., Multicomponent Cluster Ions.3. Comparative Stabilities of Cationic and Anionic Hydrogen Bonded Networks. Mixed Clusters of Water and Hydrogen Cyanide, J. Phys. Chem., 1989, 93, 6580. [all data]

Okumura, Yeh, et al., 1990
Okumura, M.; Yeh, L.I.; Myers, J.D.; Lee, Y.T., Infrared Spectra of the Solvated Hydronium Ion: Vibrational Predissociation Spectroscopy of Mass-Selected H3O+.(H2O)n.(H2)m, J. Phys. Chem., 1990, 94, 9, 3416, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100372a014 . [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Ion clustering data, References