Water

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Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar
MS - José A. Martinho Simões

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Reactions 1 to 50

Chlorine anion + Water = (Chlorine anion • Water)

By formula: Cl- + H2O = (Cl- • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°15. ± 5.kcal/molAVGN/AAverage of 11 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°19. ± 3.cal/mol*KAVGN/AAverage of 8 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°9. ± 4.kcal/molAVGN/AAverage of 9 values; Individual data points

(Hydronium cation • 2Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 3Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 2H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 3H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°17.3 ± 0.9kcal/molAVGN/AAverage of 9 out of 16 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°28. ± 2.cal/mol*KAVGN/AAverage of 6 out of 9 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°9.4kcal/molFABierbaum, Golde, et al., 1976gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
9.1300.HPMSArifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971gas phase; M
9.2296.SAMSPuckett and Teague, 1971gas phase; M
8.4300.PHPMSGood, Durden, et al., 1970gas phase; M
8.3307.PHPMSGood, Durden, et al., 1970, 2gas phase; M

CH2OH+ + Water = (CH2OH+ • Water)

By formula: CH3O+ + H2O = (CH3O+ • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°28.5kcal/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), 1984gas phase; switching reaction(H3O+)H2O; Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984; M
ΔrH°27.9kcal/molICRLarson and McMahon, 1982gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2O)2H+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1976, Wolf, Staley, et al., 1977; M
ΔrH°28.5kcal/molICRBerman and Beauchamp, 1980gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
ΔrH°28.6kcal/molFABohme, Mackay, et al., 1979gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
ΔrH°28.7kcal/molFAFehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°26.9cal/mol*KN/ABerman and Beauchamp, 1980gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
ΔrS°26.9cal/mol*KN/ABohme, Mackay, et al., 1979gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
ΔrS°26.8cal/mol*KFAFehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°20.4kcal/molICRBerman and Beauchamp, 1980gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
ΔrG°20.5kcal/molFABohme, Mackay, et al., 1979gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M

Hydronium cation + Water = (Hydronium cation • Water)

By formula: H3O+ + H2O = (H3O+ • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°32. ± 2.kcal/molAVGN/AAverage of 7 out of 14 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°28. ± 7.cal/mol*KAVGN/AAverage of 5 out of 7 values; Individual data points

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
8.1300.HPMSArifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971gas phase; M

(Hydronium cation • Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 2Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 2H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°20. ± 1.kcal/molAVGN/AAverage of 7 out of 14 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°22. ± 4.cal/mol*KAVGN/AAverage of 5 out of 7 values; Individual data points

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
8.6300.HPMSArifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971gas phase; M

(Hydronium cation • 3Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 4Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 3H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 4H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°13. ± 4.kcal/molAVGN/AAverage of 6 out of 9 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°24. ± 5.cal/mol*KAVGN/AAverage of 5 out of 7 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°5.5kcal/molFABierbaum, Golde, et al., 1976gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
5.8293.ES/HPMSKlassen, Blades, et al., 1995gas phase; M
5.4296.SAMSPuckett and Teague, 1971gas phase; M
5.0300.PHPMSGood, Durden, et al., 1970gas phase; M
5.0307.PHPMSGood, Durden, et al., 1970, 2gas phase; M
7.0300.HPMSArifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971gas phase; M

NO3 anion + Water = (NO3 anion • Water)

By formula: NO3- + H2O = (NO3- • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°14.60 ± 0.20kcal/molN/ALee, Keesee, et al., 1980gas phase; B,M
ΔrH°14.1 ± 1.5kcal/molTDAsBlades, Klassen, et al., 1995gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
ΔrH°12.40kcal/molTDAsPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; B,M
ΔrH°14.8kcal/molATMArnold and Qiu, 1984gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
ΔrH°19.2kcal/molFABohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984gas phase; switching reaction(NO3-)H2O; Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°25.0cal/mol*KHPMSLee, Keesee, et al., 1980gas phase; M
ΔrS°25.cal/mol*KN/AArnold and Qiu, 1984gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
ΔrS°21.3cal/mol*KFABohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984gas phase; switching reaction(NO3-)H2O; Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980; M
ΔrS°19.1cal/mol*KHPMSPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°7.20 ± 0.30kcal/molTDAsLee, Keesee, et al., 1980gas phase; B
ΔrG°7.10 ± 0.30kcal/molTDAsBlades, Klassen, et al., 1995gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M
ΔrG°7.30 ± 0.10kcal/molTDAsBanic and Iribarne, 1985gas phase; B
ΔrG°6.70kcal/molTDAsPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
8.8250.ATMArnold and Qiu, 1984gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
6.8296.FAFehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974gas phase; M
7.0300.SAMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1972gas phase; M

Nitrogen oxide anion + Water = (Nitrogen oxide anion • Water)

By formula: NO2- + H2O = (NO2- • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°16. ± 4.kcal/molAVGN/AAverage of 6 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°20.3cal/mol*KPHPMSSieck, 1985gas phase; M
ΔrS°20.0cal/mol*KFABohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984gas phase; switching reaction(NO2-)H2O; Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980; M
ΔrS°23.8cal/mol*KHPMSLee, Keesee, et al., 1980gas phase; M
ΔrS°21.cal/mol*KHPMSPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°8.50 ± 0.20kcal/molTDAsSieck, 1985gas phase; B
ΔrG°8.50 ± 0.30kcal/molTDAsBlades, Klassen, et al., 1995gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M
ΔrG°8.1 ± 5.8kcal/molEndoPaulson and Dale, 1982gas phase; B
ΔrG°8.10 ± 0.20kcal/molTDAsLee, Keesee, et al., 1980gas phase; B
ΔrG°8.00kcal/molTDAsPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
8.0296.FAFehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974gas phase; M
8.4300.SAMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1972gas phase; M

(Sodium ion (1+) • 3Water) + Water = (Sodium ion (1+) • 4Water)

By formula: (Na+ • 3H2O) + H2O = (Na+ • 4H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°13.1 ± 0.9kcal/molAVGN/AAverage of 7 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°24. ± 3.cal/mol*KAVGN/AAverage of 6 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°6.1kcal/molES/HPMSBlades, Klassen, et al., 1996gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
13.1 (+1.4,-0.) CIDDalleska, Tjelta, et al., 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID, Na+ (3s0); M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
6.6293.ES/HPMSKlassen, Blades, et al., 1995gas phase; M
6.4300.HPMSBlades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Chlorine anion • 2Water) + Water = (Chlorine anion • 3Water)

By formula: (Cl- • 2H2O) + H2O = (Cl- • 3H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°12. ± 2.kcal/molAVGN/AAverage of 7 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°22.3cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; M
ΔrS°22.4cal/mol*KHPMSKeesee and Castleman, 1980gas phase; M
ΔrS°23.2cal/mol*KHPMSArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°5.0 ± 0.5kcal/molAVGN/AAverage of 6 values; Individual data points

Iodide + Water = (Iodide • Water)

By formula: I- + H2O = (I- • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°10.4 ± 0.7kcal/molAVGN/AAverage of 6 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°15.3cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; M
ΔrS°19.3cal/mol*KHPMSKeesee and Castleman, 1980gas phase; M
ΔrS°16.3cal/mol*KHPMSArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°5.5 ± 0.3kcal/molAVGN/AAverage of 6 values; Individual data points

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
5.3300.HPMSBanic and Iribarne, 1985gas phase; electric fields; M

(Iodide • Water) + Water = (Iodide • 2Water)

By formula: (I- • H2O) + H2O = (I- • 2H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°9.90 ± 0.20kcal/molTDAsKeesee and Castleman, 1980gas phase; B,M
ΔrH°9.50kcal/molN/AMarkovich, Pollack, et al., 1994gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
ΔrH°9.50 ± 0.20kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; B,M
ΔrH°9.8 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; B
ΔrH°9.8 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°17.6cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; M
ΔrS°20.3cal/mol*KHPMSKeesee and Castleman, 1980gas phase; M
ΔrS°19.0cal/mol*KHPMSArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°4.0 ± 0.5kcal/molAVGN/AAverage of 6 values; Individual data points

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
4.1300.HPMSBanic and Iribarne, 1985gas phase; electric fields; M

(Chlorine anion • Water) + Water = (Chlorine anion • 2Water)

By formula: (Cl- • H2O) + H2O = (Cl- • 2H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°13. ± 1.kcal/molAVGN/AAverage of 7 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°21.4cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; M
ΔrS°20.5cal/mol*KHPMSKeesee and Castleman, 1980gas phase; M
ΔrS°20.8cal/mol*KHPMSArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°6.6 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Mizuse, 1987gas phase; B
ΔrG°6.50kcal/molTDAsKeesee and Castleman, 1980gas phase; B
ΔrG°6.5 ± 1.4kcal/molTDAsPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; B
ΔrG°6.50kcal/molTDAsArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; B
ΔrG°6.7kcal/molFAFehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974gas phase; M

(CH2OH+ • Water) + Water = (CH2OH+ • 2Water)

By formula: (CH3O+ • H2O) + H2O = (CH3O+ • 2H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°21.5kcal/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), 1984gas phase; M
ΔrH°19.9kcal/molFABohme, Mackay, et al., 1979gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)2H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
ΔrH°19.8kcal/molFAFehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)2H2O; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°27.0cal/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), 1984gas phase; M
ΔrS°26.2cal/mol*KN/ABohme, Mackay, et al., 1979gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)2H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
ΔrS°26.3cal/mol*KFAFehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)2H2O; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°12.1kcal/molFABohme, Mackay, et al., 1979gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)2H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M

(CH2OH+ • 2Water) + Water = (CH2OH+ • 3Water)

By formula: (CH3O+ • 2H2O) + H2O = (CH3O+ • 3H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°17.6kcal/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), 1984gas phase; M
ΔrH°16.9kcal/molFABohme, Mackay, et al., 1979gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)3H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
ΔrH°17.0kcal/molFAFehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°25.5cal/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), 1984gas phase; M
ΔrS°26.0cal/mol*KN/ABohme, Mackay, et al., 1979gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)3H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
ΔrS°26.0cal/mol*KFAFehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°9.1kcal/molFABohme, Mackay, et al., 1979gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)3H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M

(Hydronium cation • 4Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 5Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 4H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 5H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°12. ± 2.kcal/molAVGN/AAverage of 5 out of 8 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°24. ± 4.cal/mol*KAVGN/AAverage of 4 out of 6 values; Individual data points

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
4.5293.ES/HPMSKlassen, Blades, et al., 1995gas phase; M

(Sodium ion (1+) • Water) + Water = (Sodium ion (1+) • 2Water)

By formula: (Na+ • H2O) + H2O = (Na+ • 2H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°19. ± 2.kcal/molAVGN/AAverage of 8 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°22.2cal/mol*KHPMSDzidic and Kebarle, 1970gas phase; M
ΔrS°23.cal/mol*KN/ABlades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
19.6 (+1.4,-0.) CIDDalleska, Tjelta, et al., 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID, Na+ (3s0); M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
10.0300.HPMSBlades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Sodium ion (1+) • 2Water) + Water = (Sodium ion (1+) • 3Water)

By formula: (Na+ • 2H2O) + H2O = (Na+ • 3H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°14.9kcal/molHPMSTang, Lian, et al., 1976gas phase; M
ΔrH°15.8kcal/molHPMSDzidic and Kebarle, 1970gas phase; M
ΔrH°16.7 ± 1.4kcal/molCIDTRodgers and Armentrout, 2000RCD
ΔrH°16.1kcal/molES/HPMSBlades, Klassen, et al., 1996gas phase; M
ΔrH°16. ± 3.kcal/molHPMSBlades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°20.8cal/mol*KHPMSTang, Lian, et al., 1976gas phase; M
ΔrS°21.9cal/mol*KHPMSDzidic and Kebarle, 1970gas phase; M
ΔrS°22.0cal/mol*KES/HPMSBlades, Klassen, et al., 1996gas phase; M
ΔrS°23.cal/mol*KN/ABlades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°9.5kcal/molES/HPMSBlades, Klassen, et al., 1996gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
16.8 (+1.4,-0.) CIDDalleska, Tjelta, et al., 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID, Na+ (3s0); M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
9.4300.HPMSBlades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Chlorine anion • 3Water) + Water = (Chlorine anion • 4Water)

By formula: (Cl- • 3H2O) + H2O = (Cl- • 4H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°10.6 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Mizuse, 1987gas phase; B
ΔrH°9.70kcal/molN/AMarkovich, Pollack, et al., 1994gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
ΔrH°10.6 ± 0.3kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; M
ΔrH°10.90 ± 0.70kcal/molTDAsKeesee and Castleman, 1980gas phase; B,M
ΔrH°11.1 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°22.7cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; M
ΔrS°24.8cal/mol*KHPMSKeesee and Castleman, 1980gas phase; M
ΔrS°25.8cal/mol*KHPMSArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°3.8 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Mizuse, 1987gas phase; B
ΔrG°3.50kcal/molTDAsKeesee and Castleman, 1980gas phase; B
ΔrG°3.40kcal/molTDAsArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; B
ΔrG°4.0 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsKebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968gas phase; B,M

(Nitrogen oxide anion • Water) + Water = (Nitrogen oxide anion • 2Water)

By formula: (NO2- • H2O) + H2O = (NO2- • 2H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°13.0 ± 1.5kcal/molTDAsBlades, Klassen, et al., 1995gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
ΔrH°12.9 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; B,M
ΔrH°12.9 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; B
ΔrH°13.6kcal/molHPMSLee, Keesee, et al., 1980gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°26.4cal/mol*KHPMSLee, Keesee, et al., 1980gas phase; M
ΔrS°23.7cal/mol*KHPMSPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°6.00 ± 0.30kcal/molTDAsBlades, Klassen, et al., 1995gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M
ΔrG°5.8 ± 1.4kcal/molTDAsPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; B
ΔrG°5.80kcal/molTDAsArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; B
ΔrG°6.1 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsKebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968gas phase; B,M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
5.9296.FAFehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974gas phase; M
5.8300.SAMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1972gas phase; M

(NH4+ • Water) + Water = (NH4+ • 2Water)

By formula: (H4N+ • H2O) + H2O = (H4N+ • 2H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°17.4kcal/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986gas phase; ΔrH?, Entropy change is questionable, appear out of line; M
ΔrH°13.7kcal/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), 1984gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; ΔrH of 12.4 kcal/mol from plot is too small; M
ΔrH°14.7kcal/molPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°28.6cal/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986gas phase; ΔrH?, Entropy change is questionable, appear out of line; M
ΔrS°22.0cal/mol*KN/AMeot-Ner (Mautner), 1984gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; ΔrH of 12.4 kcal/mol from plot is too small; M
ΔrS°21.9cal/mol*KPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°8.8kcal/molHPMSBanic and Iribarne, 1985gas phase; electric fields; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
4.6414.PHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), 1984gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; ΔrH of 12.4 kcal/mol from plot is too small; M

C16H34OP2Ru (solution) + Diphenylamine (solution) = C28H43NP2Ru (solution) + Water (solution)

By formula: C16H34OP2Ru (solution) + C12H11N (solution) = C28H43NP2Ru (solution) + H2O (solution)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°1.2 ± 0.1kcal/molEqSBryndza, Fong, et al., 1987solvent: Tetrahydrofuran; In a series of reactions involving similar ruthenium complexes, the reaction enthalpy was identified with the reaction Gibbs energy, since the entropy values are expected to be small Bryndza, Fong, et al., 1987. For this reaction, however a van't Hoff plot could be used. Temperature range: 293-328 K; MS
ΔrH°4.71kcal/molEqSBryndza, Fong, et al., 1987solvent: Benzene; The reaction enthalpy was identified with the reaction Gibbs energy, since the the entropy is expected to be small Bryndza, Fong, et al., 1987; MS

MeCO2 anion + Water = (MeCO2 anion • Water)

By formula: C2H3O2- + H2O = (C2H3O2- • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°16.40 ± 0.80kcal/molTDAsWincel, 2008gas phase; B
ΔrH°15.9 ± 1.0kcal/molN/AMeot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999gas phase; B
ΔrH°16.0 ± 1.0kcal/molN/AMeot-Ner and Sieck, 1986gas phase; B,M
ΔrH°16.4 ± 1.5kcal/molTDAsBlades, Klassen, et al., 1995gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
ΔrH°15.8kcal/molPHPMSMeot-ner, 1988gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°20.3cal/mol*KPHPMSMeot-ner, 1988gas phase; M
ΔrS°22.5cal/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner and Sieck, 1986gas phase; ion given as C2H3COO- in paper by error; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°9.0 ± 1.4kcal/molN/AWincel, 2008gas phase; B
ΔrG°9.52kcal/molTDAsMeot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999gas phase; B
ΔrG°9.3 ± 1.6kcal/molTDAsMeot-Ner and Sieck, 1986gas phase; B
ΔrG°9.40 ± 0.30kcal/molTDAsBlades, Klassen, et al., 1995gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

(Iodide • 2Water) + Water = (Iodide • 3Water)

By formula: (I- • 2H2O) + H2O = (I- • 3H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°9.30 ± 0.30kcal/molTDAsKeesee and Castleman, 1980gas phase; B,M
ΔrH°8.5 ± 2.3kcal/molN/AMarkovich, Pollack, et al., 1994gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
ΔrH°9.20 ± 0.20kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; B,M
ΔrH°9.4 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; B
ΔrH°9.4 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°20.4cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; M
ΔrS°21.0cal/mol*KHPMSKeesee and Castleman, 1980gas phase; M
ΔrS°21.3cal/mol*KHPMSArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°3.00kcal/molTDAsKeesee and Castleman, 1980gas phase; B
ΔrG°3.10 ± 0.80kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; B
ΔrG°3.3 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsKebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968gas phase; B,M

C2H5NaO (cr) + 0.5(Sulfuric Acid • 1100Water) (solution) = Ethanol (solution) + 0.5sodium sulphate (solution)

By formula: C2H5NaO (cr) + 0.5(H2O4S • 1100H2O) (solution) = C2H6O (solution) + 0.5Na2O4S (solution)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°-28.30 ± 0.91kcal/molRSCBlanchard, Joly, et al., 1974solvent: Sulphuric acid aqueous solution; The reaction enthalpy relies on -2.53 kcal/mol for the enthalpy of solution of EtOH(l) and on 9.97±0.04 for the enthalpy of solution of Na2SO4(cr) Blanchard, Joly, et al., 1974. A value of -117.3 ± 1.4 kcal/mol was derived in Blanchard, Joly, et al., 1974 for the enthalpy of formation. However, this value is affected by a calculation error. Also, the authors have not accounted for the acid dilution (this correction could not be made in the present database, due to lack of information). These problems were also noted in the data compilations Tel'noi and Rabinovich, 1980 and Wagman, Evans W.H., et al., 1982, where the values quoted for the enthalpy of formation, which rely on the experimental data reported in Blanchard, Joly, et al., 1974, are -98.0 ± 1.0 kcal/mol and -98.90 kcal/mol, respectively. See also comments in Liebman, Martinho Simões, et al., 1995; MS

Potassium ion (1+) + Water = (Potassium ion (1+) • Water)

By formula: K+ + H2O = (K+ • H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°16.9kcal/molHPMSDavidson and Kebarle, 1976gas phase; M
ΔrH°16. ± 3.kcal/molHPMSBlades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
ΔrH°19.4 ± 2.5kcal/molMSBurdett and Hayhurst, 1982gas phase; flame source, about 1600 K; M
ΔrH°17.9kcal/molHPMSSearles and Kebarle, 1969gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°19.9cal/mol*KHPMSDavidson and Kebarle, 1976gas phase; M
ΔrS°23.cal/mol*KN/ABlades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
ΔrS°21.3cal/mol*KMSBurdett and Hayhurst, 1982gas phase; flame source, about 1600 K; M
ΔrS°21.6cal/mol*KHPMSSearles and Kebarle, 1969gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
9.0300.HPMSBlades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
0.4840.MSChupka, 1959gas phase; Knudsen cell, 840+-50K; M

(Bromine anion • Water) + Water = (Bromine anion • 2Water)

By formula: (Br- • H2O) + H2O = (Br- • 2H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°11.60 ± 0.30kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; B,M
ΔrH°12.20kcal/molN/AMarkovich, Pollack, et al., 1994gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
ΔrH°12.3 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; B
ΔrH°12.3 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°18.0cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; M
ΔrS°22.9cal/mol*KHPMSArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°6.2 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; B
ΔrG°5.4 ± 1.4kcal/molTDAsPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; B
ΔrG°5.40kcal/molTDAsArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; B
ΔrG°5.7 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsKebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968gas phase; B,M

CN- + Water = (CN- • Water)

By formula: CN- + H2O = (CN- • H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°12.70 ± 0.80kcal/molTDAsLarson, Szulejko, et al., 1988gas phase; B,M
ΔrH°14.6 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsMeot-ner, 1988, 2gas phase; B,B,M,M
ΔrH°13.80kcal/molTDAsPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; B,M
ΔrH°14.6kcal/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989gas phase; n; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°19.6cal/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989gas phase; n; M
ΔrS°18.cal/mol*KPHPMSLarson, Szulejko, et al., 1988gas phase; M
ΔrS°19.6cal/mol*KPHPMSMeot-ner, 1988gas phase; M
ΔrS°19.6cal/mol*KPHPMSMeot-ner, 1988, 2gas phase; M
ΔrS°19.8cal/mol*KHPMSPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°7.30 ± 0.20kcal/molTDAsLarson, Szulejko, et al., 1988gas phase; B
ΔrG°8.7 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsMeot-ner, 1988gas phase; B
ΔrG°8.7 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsMeot-ner, 1988, 2gas phase; B
ΔrG°7.90kcal/molTDAsPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; B

(Bromine anion • 2Water) + Water = (Bromine anion • 3Water)

By formula: (Br- • 2H2O) + H2O = (Br- • 3H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°11.40 ± 0.30kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; B,M
ΔrH°6.90kcal/molN/AMarkovich, Pollack, et al., 1994gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
ΔrH°11.5 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; B
ΔrH°11.5 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°22.5cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; M
ΔrS°24.8cal/mol*KHPMSArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°4.7 ± 1.1kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; B
ΔrG°4.1 ± 1.4kcal/molTDAsPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; B
ΔrG°4.10kcal/molTDAsArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; B
ΔrG°4.4 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsKebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968gas phase; B,M

(Nitrogen oxide anion • 2Water) + Water = (Nitrogen oxide anion • 3Water)

By formula: (NO2- • 2H2O) + H2O = (NO2- • 3H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°11.5 ± 1.5kcal/molTDAsBlades, Klassen, et al., 1995gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
ΔrH°10.4 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; B,M
ΔrH°10.4 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; B
ΔrH°11.7kcal/molHPMSLee, Keesee, et al., 1980gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°25.8cal/mol*KHPMSLee, Keesee, et al., 1980gas phase; M
ΔrS°21.2cal/mol*KHPMSPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°4.50 ± 0.30kcal/molTDAsBlades, Klassen, et al., 1995gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M
ΔrG°4.0 ± 1.4kcal/molTDAsPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; B
ΔrG°4.10kcal/molTDAsArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; B
ΔrG°4.5 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsKebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968gas phase; B,M

Bromine anion + Water = (Bromine anion • Water)

By formula: Br- + H2O = (Br- • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°12.70kcal/molN/AMarkovich, Pollack, et al., 1994gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
ΔrH°11.70 ± 0.40kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; B,M
ΔrH°12.60kcal/molTDAsArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; B,M
ΔrH°12.7kcal/molHPMSCaldwell, Masucci, et al., 1989gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°14.7cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; M
ΔrS°18.4cal/mol*KHPMSArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; M
ΔrS°19.8cal/mol*KMSBurdett and Hayhurst, 1982gas phase; FLAME SOURCE, 1600 K; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°7.30 ± 0.80kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; B
ΔrG°7.0 ± 2.8kcal/molTDAsBurdett and Hayhurst, 1982gas phase; B
ΔrG°7.0 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; B

CH2N+ + Water = (CH2N+ • Water)

By formula: CH2N+ + H2O = (CH2N+ • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°27.4kcal/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989gas phase; n; M
ΔrH°29.6kcal/molICRBerman and Beauchamp, 1980gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°24.2cal/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989gas phase; n; M
ΔrS°28.8cal/mol*KN/ABerman and Beauchamp, 1980gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
21.0300.ICRBerman and Beauchamp, 1980gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M

Hydroxyl anion + Water = (Hydroxyl anion • Water)

By formula: HO- + H2O = (HO- • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°27.0 ± 0.9kcal/molAVGN/AAverage of 3 out of 7 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°28.1cal/mol*KPHPMSPaul and Kebarle, 1990gas phase; M
ΔrS°21.8cal/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986gas phase; deuterated; M
ΔrS°20.8cal/mol*KHPMSPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; M
ΔrS°19.1cal/mol*KPHPMSArshadi and Kebarle, 1970gas phase; deuterated; M

HO- + Water = (HO- • Water)

By formula: HO- + H2O = (HO- • H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°28. ± 7.kcal/molAVGN/AAverage of 6 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°19.2 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsPaul and Kebarle, 1990gas phase; B
ΔrG°20.1 ± 1.6kcal/molTDEqMeot-Ner and Sieck, 1986gas phase; B
ΔrG°20.0 ± 1.4kcal/molTDAsMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986gas phase; B
ΔrG°18.60kcal/molTDAsPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; B

(Fluorine anion • Water) + Water = (Fluorine anion • 2Water)

By formula: (F- • H2O) + H2O = (F- • 2H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°19.20 ± 0.50kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; Stated electron affinity is the Vertical Detachment Energy; B,M
ΔrH°16.6 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; B
ΔrH°16.6 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°22.2cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; M
ΔrS°18.7cal/mol*KHPMSArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°12.5 ± 1.6kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; Stated electron affinity is the Vertical Detachment Energy; B
ΔrG°11.0 ± 1.4kcal/molTDAsPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; B
ΔrG°11.00kcal/molTDAsArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; B

(MeCO2 anion • 2Water) + Water = (MeCO2 anion • 3Water)

By formula: (C2H3O2- • 2H2O) + H2O = (C2H3O2- • 3H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°11.8 ± 1.0kcal/molN/AMeot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999gas phase; B
ΔrH°12.2 ± 1.5kcal/molTDAsBlades, Klassen, et al., 1995gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
ΔrH°11.8kcal/molPHPMSMeot-ner, 1988gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°20.cal/mol*KN/AMeot-ner, 1988gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°5.84kcal/molTDAsMeot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999gas phase; B
ΔrG°5.20 ± 0.30kcal/molTDAsBlades, Klassen, et al., 1995gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M
ΔrG°5.9kcal/molPHPMSMeot-ner, 1988gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Bromine anion • 3Water) + Water = (Bromine anion • 4Water)

By formula: (Br- • 3H2O) + H2O = (Br- • 4H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°11.00 ± 0.20kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; B,M
ΔrH°6.2 ± 2.3kcal/molN/AMarkovich, Pollack, et al., 1994gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
ΔrH°10.9 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°26.2cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; M
ΔrS°26.8cal/mol*KHPMSArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°3.10 ± 0.70kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; B
ΔrG°2.90kcal/molTDAsArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; B
ΔrG°3.3 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsKebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968gas phase; B,M

O3P- + Water = (O3P- • Water)

By formula: O3P- + H2O = (O3P- • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°12.90 ± 0.30kcal/molTDAsKeesee and Castleman Jr., 1989gas phase; Not (HO)2PO2-. See also Blades, Ho, et al., 1996 : (HO)2PO2- -> PO3- + HOH, Eact ca. 55 kcal/mol.; B,M,M
ΔrH°12.6kcal/molES/HPMSBlades, Ho, et al., 1996, 2gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°20.8cal/mol*KES/HPMSBlades, Ho, et al., 1996, 2gas phase; M
ΔrS°22.2cal/mol*KHPMSKeesee and Castleman Jr., 1989gas phase; M
ΔrS°20.8cal/mol*KHPMSKeesee and Castleman Jr., 1989gas phase; deuterated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°6.3 ± 1.2kcal/molTDAsKeesee and Castleman Jr., 1989gas phase; Not (HO)2PO2-. See also Blades, Ho, et al., 1996 : (HO)2PO2- -> PO3- + HOH, Eact ca. 55 kcal/mol.; B
ΔrG°6.4kcal/molES/HPMSBlades, Ho, et al., 1996, 2gas phase; M

Sodium ion (1+) + Water = (Sodium ion (1+) • Water)

By formula: Na+ + H2O = (Na+ • H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°24.0kcal/molHPMSDzidic and Kebarle, 1970gas phase; M
ΔrH°21.0 ± 1.4kcal/molCIDCAmicangelo and Armentrout, 2001Anchor NH3=24.41; RCD
ΔrH°19.6 ± 1.4kcal/molCIDCAmicangelo and Armentrout, 2001Anchor NH3=24.41; RCD
ΔrH°22.7 ± 1.9kcal/molCIDTRodgers and Armentrout, 2000RCD
ΔrH°26.5kcal/molMSBurdett and Hayhurst, 1982gas phase; flame source, 1600 K; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°21.5cal/mol*KHPMSDzidic and Kebarle, 1970gas phase; M
ΔrS°22.cal/mol*KMSBurdett and Hayhurst, 1982gas phase; flame source, 1600 K; M

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
22.6 (+1.8,-0.) CIDDalleska, Tjelta, et al., 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID, Na+ (3s0); M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
15.7298.IMREMcMahon and Ohanessian, 2000Anchor alanine=39.89; RCD

(Potassium ion (1+) • 2Water) + Water = (Potassium ion (1+) • 3Water)

By formula: (K+ • 2H2O) + H2O = (K+ • 3H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°13.0kcal/molES/HPMSBlades, Klassen, et al., 1996gas phase; M
ΔrH°14. ± 3.kcal/molHPMSBlades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
ΔrH°13.2kcal/molHPMSSearles and Kebarle, 1969gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°22.5cal/mol*KES/HPMSBlades, Klassen, et al., 1996gas phase; M
ΔrS°23.cal/mol*KN/ABlades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
ΔrS°23.0cal/mol*KHPMSSearles and Kebarle, 1969gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°6.3kcal/molES/HPMSBlades, Klassen, et al., 1996gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
6.6300.HPMSBlades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(MeCO2 anion • Water) + Water = (MeCO2 anion • 2Water)

By formula: (C2H3O2- • H2O) + H2O = (C2H3O2- • 2H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°12.9 ± 1.0kcal/molN/AMeot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999gas phase; B
ΔrH°13.8 ± 1.5kcal/molTDAsBlades, Klassen, et al., 1995gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
ΔrH°12.8kcal/molPHPMSMeot-ner, 1988gas phase; M
ΔrH°12.9kcal/molPHPMSMeot-Ner and Sieck, 1986gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°19.1cal/mol*KPHPMSMeot-ner, 1988gas phase; M
ΔrS°20.5cal/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner and Sieck, 1986gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°7.00kcal/molTDAsMeot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999gas phase; B
ΔrG°6.80 ± 0.30kcal/molTDAsBlades, Klassen, et al., 1995gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

(Chlorine anion • 6Water) + Water = (Chlorine anion • 7Water)

By formula: (Cl- • 6H2O) + H2O = (Cl- • 7H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°8.1 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Mizuse, 1987gas phase; Estimated entropy; single temperature measurement; B
ΔrH°6.90kcal/molN/AMarkovich, Pollack, et al., 1994gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
ΔrH°8.1kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°20.cal/mol*KN/AHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°2.1 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsHiraoka and Mizuse, 1987gas phase; Estimated entropy; single temperature measurement; B

Rubidium ion (1+) + Water = (Rubidium ion (1+) • Water)

By formula: Rb+ + H2O = (Rb+ • H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°15.9kcal/molHPMSDzidic and Kebarle, 1970gas phase; M
ΔrH°16. ± 3.kcal/molHPMSBlades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
ΔrH°16.0kcal/molMSBurdett and Hayhurst, 1982gas phase; flame source, about 1600 K; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°21.2cal/mol*KHPMSDzidic and Kebarle, 1970gas phase; M
ΔrS°23.cal/mol*KN/ABlades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
ΔrS°20.1cal/mol*KMSBurdett and Hayhurst, 1982gas phase; flame source, about 1600 K; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
9.4300.HPMSBlades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(NO3 anion • Water) + Water = (NO3 anion • 2Water)

By formula: (NO3- • H2O) + H2O = (NO3- • 2H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°12.2 ± 1.5kcal/molTDAsBlades, Klassen, et al., 1995gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
ΔrH°14.3kcal/molHPMSLee, Keesee, et al., 1980gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°30.3cal/mol*KHPMSLee, Keesee, et al., 1980gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°5.20 ± 0.30kcal/molTDAsBlades, Klassen, et al., 1995gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M
ΔrG°5.20 ± 0.10kcal/molTDAsBanic and Iribarne, 1985gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
5.2301.HPMSBanic and Iribarne, 1985gas phase; electric fields; M
5.0296.FAFehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974gas phase; M

C4H6N+ + Water = (C4H6N+ • Water)

By formula: C4H6N+ + H2O = (C4H6N+ • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°14.0kcal/molPHPMSNicol, Sunner, et al., 1988gas phase; M
ΔrH°13.8kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987gas phase; M
ΔrH°16.kcal/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), Ross, et al., 1985gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, ΔrH<; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°23.3cal/mol*KPHPMSNicol, Sunner, et al., 1988gas phase; M
ΔrS°22.0cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987gas phase; M
ΔrS°32.cal/mol*KN/AMeot-Ner (Mautner), Ross, et al., 1985gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, ΔrH<; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
4.9344.PHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), Ross, et al., 1985gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, ΔrH<; M

C2H2F3O2+ + Water = (C2H2F3O2+ • Water)

By formula: C2H2F3O2+ + H2O = (C2H2F3O2+ • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°28.3kcal/molICRLarson and McMahon, 1982gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°23.3cal/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1982gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
21.4309.ICRLarson and McMahon, 1982gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M

C4H5O+ + Water = (C4H5O+ • Water)

By formula: C4H5O+ + H2O = (C4H5O+ • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°10.4kcal/molPHPMSNicol, Sunner, et al., 1988gas phase; M
ΔrH°10.2kcal/molPHPMSHiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987gas phase; M
ΔrH°16.kcal/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), Ross, et al., 1985gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, ΔrH<; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°20.cal/mol*KPHPMSNicol, Sunner, et al., 1988gas phase; M
ΔrS°19.7cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987gas phase; M
ΔrS°32.cal/mol*KN/AMeot-Ner (Mautner), Ross, et al., 1985gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, ΔrH<; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
4.2382.PHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), Ross, et al., 1985gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, ΔrH<; M

(Fluorine anion • 2Water) + Water = (Fluorine anion • 3Water)

By formula: (F- • 2H2O) + H2O = (F- • 3H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°15.30 ± 0.40kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; B,M
ΔrH°13.7 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; B
ΔrH°13.7 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°22.9cal/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; M
ΔrS°20.4cal/mol*KHPMSArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°8.4 ± 1.3kcal/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; B
ΔrG°7.6 ± 1.4kcal/molTDAsPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; B
ΔrG°7.60kcal/molTDAsArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; B

(Hydroxyl anion • Water) + Water = (Hydroxyl anion • 2Water)

By formula: (HO- • H2O) + H2O = (HO- • 2H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°17.6kcal/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986gas phase; deuterated; M
ΔrH°18.kcal/molCIDHierl and Paulson, 1984gas phase; M
ΔrH°17.9kcal/molHPMSPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; M
ΔrH°16.4kcal/molPHPMSArshadi and Kebarle, 1970gas phase; deuterated; M
ΔrH°23.kcal/molCIDDePaz, Giardini, et al., 1970gas phase; deuterated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°21.4cal/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986gas phase; deuterated; M
ΔrS°21.2cal/mol*KHPMSPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; M
ΔrS°19.3cal/mol*KPHPMSArshadi and Kebarle, 1970gas phase; deuterated; M

C2H4F3O+ + Water = (C2H4F3O+ • Water)

By formula: C2H4F3O+ + H2O = (C2H4F3O+ • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°30.5kcal/molICRLarson and McMahon, 1982gas phase; switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°23.8cal/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1982gas phase; switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
23.4309.ICRLarson and McMahon, 1982gas phase; switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

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References

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Bierbaum, Golde, et al., 1976
Bierbaum, V.M.; Golde, M.F.; Kaufman, F., Flowing Afterglow Studies of Hydronium Ion Clustering Including Diffusion Effects, J. Chem. Phys., 1976, 65, 7, 2715, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.433415 . [all data]

Arifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971
Arifov, U.A.; Pozharov, S.L.; Chernov, I.G., High Energy Chem., 1971, 5, 1. [all data]

Puckett and Teague, 1971
Puckett, L.J.; Teague, A.W., Production of H3O+.nH2O from NO+ Precursor in NO - H2O Gas Mixtures, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 54, 6, 2564, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1675213 . [all data]

Good, Durden, et al., 1970
Good, A.; Durden, D.A.; Kebarle, P., Ion-Molecule Reactions in Pure Nitrogen and Nitrogen Containing Traces of Water at Total Pressures 0.5 - 4 torr. Kinetics of Clustering Reactions Forming H+(H2O)n, J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 52, 1, 212, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1672667 . [all data]

Good, Durden, et al., 1970, 2
Good, A.; Durden, D.A.; Kebarle, P., Mechanism and Rate Constants of Ion-Molecule Reactions Leading to Formation of H+(H2O)n in Moist Oxygen and Air, J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 52, 1, 222, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1672668 . [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M., The Ionic Hydrogen Bond and Ion Solvation. 2. Hydration of Onium Ions by 1 - 7 H2O Molecules. Relations Between Monomolecular, Specific and Bulk Hydration, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 5, 1265, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00317a016 . [all data]

Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979
Davidson, W.R.; Sunner J.; Kebarle, P., Hydrogen Bonding of Water to Onium Ions. Hydration of Substituted Pyridinium Ions and Related Systems, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 7, 1675, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00501a005 . [all data]

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Grimsrud, E.P.; Kebarle, P., Gas Phase Ion Equilibria Studies of the Solvation of the Hydrogen Ion by Methanol, Dimethyl Ether and Water. Effect of Hydrogen Bonding, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1973, 95, 24, 7939, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00805a002 . [all data]

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Yamdagni, R.; Kebarle, P., Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Compounds Between Water Ammonia and Substituted Benzenes from a Continuous Ladder of Proton Transfer Equilibrium Measurements, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1976, 98, 6, 1320, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00422a005 . [all data]

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Berman, D.W.; Beauchamp, J.L., A Novel Bimolecular Reaction Sequence Yielding H(OH2)2+ at Low Pressures. Ion Cyclotron Resonance Studies of the Reaction of Doubly Solvated Protons, J. Phys. Chem., 1980, 84, 18, 2233, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100455a004 . [all data]

Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978
Fehsenfeld, F.C.; Dotan, I.; Albritton, D.L.; Howard, C.J.; Ferguson, E.E., Stratospheric Positive Ion Chemistry of Formaldehyde and Methanol, J. Geophys. Res., 1978, 83, C3, 1333, https://doi.org/10.1029/JC083iC03p01333 . [all data]

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Bohme, Mackay, et al., 1979
Bohme, D.K.; Mackay, G.I.; Tanner, S.D., An Experimental Study of the Gas - Phase Kinetics of Reactions with Hydrated H3O+ Ions (n=1 - 3) at 298 K, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 14, 3724, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00508a003 . [all data]

Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995
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Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980
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Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971
Payzant, J.D.; Yamdagni, R.; Kebarle, P., Hydration of CN-, NO2-, NO3-, and HO- in the gas phase, Can. J. Chem., 1971, 49, 3308. [all data]

Arnold and Qiu, 1984
Arnold, F.; Qiu, S., Upper Stratosphere Negative Ion Composition Measurements and Infrared Trace Gas Abundances, Planet. Space Sci., 1984, 32, 2, 169, https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(84)90151-X . [all data]

Bohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984
Bohringer, H.; Fahey, D.W.; Fehsenfeld, F.C.; Ferguson, E.E., Bond energies of the molecules H2O, SO2, H2O2, and HCl to various atmospheric negative ions, J. Chem. Phys., 1984, 81, 2805. [all data]

Banic and Iribarne, 1985
Banic, C.M.; Iribarne, J.V., Equilibrium Constants for Clustering of Neutral Molecules about Gaseous Ions, J. Chem. Phys., 1985, 83, 12, 6432, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.449543 . [all data]

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Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1972
Payzant, J.D.; Cunningham, A.J.; Kebarle, P., Kinetics and Rate Constants of Reactions Leading to Hydration of NO2- and NO3- in Gaseous Oxygen, Argon, and Helium Containing Traces of Water, Can. J. Chem., 1972, 50, 14, 2230, https://doi.org/10.1139/v72-358 . [all data]

Sieck, 1985
Sieck, L.W., Thermochemistry of Solvation of NO2- and C6H5NO2- by Polar Molecules in the Vapor Phase. Comparison with Cl- and Variation with Ligand Structure., J. Phys. Chem., 1985, 89, 25, 5552, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100271a049 . [all data]

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Paulson, J.F.; Dale, J., Reactions of OH-.H2O with NO2, J. Chem. Phys., 1982, 77, 4006. [all data]

Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996
Blades, A.T.; Klassen, J.S.; Kebarle, P., Determination of Ion-Solvent Equilibria in the Gas Phase. Hydration of Diprotonated Diamines and Bis(trimethylammonium) Alkanes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1996, 118, 49, 12437, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja962641t . [all data]

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Dalleska, N.F.; Tjelta, B.L.; Armentrout, P.B., Sequential Bond Energies of Water to Na+ (3s0), Mg+ (3s1), and Al+ (3s2), J. Phys. Chem., 1994, 98, 15, 4191, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100066a045 . [all data]

Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990
Blades, A.T.; Jayaweera, P.; Ikonomou, M.G.; Kebarle, P., Studies of Alkaline - Earth and Transition - Metal M++ Gas - Phase Ion Chemistry, J. Chem. Phys., 1990, 92, 10, 5900, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.458360 . [all data]

Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988
Hiraoka, K.; Mizuse, S.; Yamabe, S., Solvation of Halide Ions with H2O and CH3CN in the Gas Phase, J. Phys. Chem., 1988, 92, 13, 3943, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100324a051 . [all data]

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Keesee, R.G.; Castleman, A.W., Jr., Gas phase studies of hydration complexes of Cl- and I- and comparison to electrostatic calculations in the gas phase, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1980, 74, 139. [all data]

Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970
Arshadi, M.; Yamdagni, R.; Kebarle, P., Hydration of Halide Negative Ions in the Gas Phase. II. Comparison of Hydration Energies for the Alkali Positive and Halide Negative Ions, J. Phys. Chem., 1970, 74, 7, 1475, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100702a014 . [all data]

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Markovich, G.; Pollack, S.; Giniger, R.; Cheshnovsky, O., Photoelectron spectroscopy of Cl-, Br-, and I- solvated in water clusters, J. Chem. Phys., 1994, 101, 11, 9344, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.467965 . [all data]

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Hiraoka, K.; Mizuse, S., Gas-Phase Solvation of Cl- with H2O, CH3OH, C2H4OH, i-C3H7OH, n-C3H7OH, and t-C4H9OH, Chem. Phys., 1987, 118, 3, 457, https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-0104(87)85078-4 . [all data]

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Dzidic, I.; Kebarle, P., Hydration of the Alkali Ions in the Gas Phase. Enthalpies and Entropies of Reactions M+(H2O)n-1 + H2O = M+(H2O)n, J. Phys. Chem., 1970, 74, 7, 1466, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100702a013 . [all data]

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Tang, I.N.; Lian, M.S.; Castleman, A.W., Mass Spectrometric Study of Gas - Phase Clustering Reactions: Hydration of the Monovalent Strontium Ion, J. Chem. Phys., 1976, 65, 10, 4022, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.432854 . [all data]

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Rodgers, M.T.; Armentrout, P.B., Noncovalent Metal-Ligand Bond Energies as Studied by Threshold Collision-Induced Dissociation, Mass Spectrom. Rev., 2000, 19, 4, 215, https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-2787(200007)19:4<215::AID-MAS2>3.0.CO;2-X . [all data]

Kebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968
Kebarle, P.; Arshadi, M.; Scarborough, J., Hydration of Negative Ions in the Gas Phase, J. Chem. Phys., 1968, 49, 2, 817, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1670145 . [all data]

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Notes

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