Benzene

• Formula: C₆H₆
• Molecular weight: 78.1118
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C6H6/c1-2-4-6-5-3-1/h1-6H Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 71-43-2
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Isotopologues:
  • Benzene-D6
• Other names: [6]Annulene; Benzol; Benzole; Coal naphtha; Cyclohexatriene; Phenyl hydride; Pyrobenzol; Pyrobenzole; Benzolene; Bicarburet of hydrogen; Carbon oil; Mineral naphtha; Motor benzol; Benzeen; Benzen; Benzin; Benzine; Benzolo; Fenzen; NCI-C55276; Phene; Rcra waste number U019; UN 1114; NSC 67315; 1,3,5-Cyclohexatriene
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data: reactions 1 to 50, reactions 51 to 99
  • Henry's Law data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Ion clustering data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • UV/Visible spectrum
  • Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
  • Gas Chromatography
  • Fluid Properties
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Electron-Impact Ionization Cross Sections (on physics web site)
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
  • X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
  • NIST Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Structure Index
• Options:
  • Switch to SI units

Data at NIST subscription sites:

• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, "lite" edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)
• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, professional edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Phase change data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

Constant pressure heat capacity of solid

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Enthalpy of vaporization

Enthalpy of vaporization

Δ_vapH = A exp(-αT_r) (1 − T_r)^β
    Δ_vapH = Enthalpy of vaporization (at saturation pressure) (kcal/mol)
    T_r = reduced temperature (T / T_c)

View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (atm)
    T = temperature (K)

View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.

Enthalpy of sublimation

Enthalpy of fusion

Entropy of fusion

References

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Roux, Temprado, et al., 2008
Roux, M.V.; Temprado, M.; Chickos, J.S.; Nagano, Y., Critically Evaluated Thermochemical Properties of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2008, 37, 4, 1855-1996. [all data]

Good and Smith, 1969
Good, W.D.; Smith, N.K., Enthalpies of combustion of toluene, benzene, cyclohexane, cyclohexene, methylcyclopentane, 1-methylcyclopentene, and n-hexane, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1969, 14, 102-106. [all data]

Prosen, Gilmont, et al., 1945
Prosen, E.J.; Gilmont, R.; Rossini, F.D., Heats of combustion of benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, n-propylbenzene, and styrene, J. Res. NBS, 1945, 34, 65-70. [all data]

Prosen, Johnson, et al., 1946
Prosen, E.J.; Johnson, W.H.; Rossini, F.D., Heats of combustion and formation at 25°C of the alkylbenzenes through C₁₀H₁₄, and of the higher normal monoalkylbenzenes, J. Res. NBS, 1946, 36, 455-461. [all data]

Landrieu, Baylocq, et al., 1929
Landrieu, P.; Baylocq, F.; Johnson, J.R., Etude thermochimique dans la serie furanique, Bull. Soc. Chim. France, 1929, 45, 36-49. [all data]

Oliver, Eaton, et al., 1948
Oliver, G.D.; Eaton, M.; Huffman, H.M., The heat capacity, heat of fusion and entropy of benzene, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1948, 70, 1502-1505. [all data]

Huffman, Parks, et al., 1930
Huffman, H.M.; Parks, G.S.; Daniels, A.C., Thermal data on organic compounds. VII. The heat capacities, entropies and free energies of twelve aromatic hydrocarbons, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1930, 52, 1547-1558. [all data]

Ahlberg, Blanchard, et al., 1937
Ahlberg, J.E.; Blanchard, E.R.; Lundberg, W.O., The heat capacities of benzene, methyl alcohol and glycerol at very low temperatures, J. Chem. Phys., 1937, 5, 537-551. [all data]

Grolier, Roux-Desgranges, et al., 1993
Grolier, J.-P.E.; Roux-Desgranges, G.; Berkane, M.; Jimenez, E.; Wilhelm, E., Heat capacities and densities of mixtures of very polar substances 2. Mixtures containing N,N-dimethylformamide, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1993, 25(1), 41-50. [all data]

Czarnota, 1991
Czarnota, I., Heat capacity of benzene at high pressures, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1991, 23, 25-30. [all data]

Lainez, Rodrigo, et al., 1989
Lainez, A.; Rodrigo, M.M.; Wilhelm, E.; Grolier, J.-P.E., Excess volumes and excess heaat capacitiies of some mixtures with trans,trans,cis-1,5,9-cyclododecatriene at 298.15K, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1989, 34, 332-335. [all data]

Shiohama, Ogawa, et al., 1988
Shiohama, Y.; Ogawa, H.; Murakami, S.; Fujihara, I., Excess molar isobaric heat capacities and isentropic compressibilities of (cis- or trans-decalin + benzene or toluene or iso-octane or n-heptane) at 298.15 K, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1988, 20, 1183-1189. [all data]

Grolier, Roux-Desgranges, et al., 1987
Grolier, J.-P.E.; Roux-Desgranges, G.; Kooner, Z.S.; Smith, J.F.; Hepler, L.G., Thermal and volumetric properties of chloroform + benzene mixtures and the ideal associated solution model of complex formation, J. Solution Chem., 1987, 16, 745-752. [all data]

Kalali, Kohler, et al., 1987
Kalali, H.; Kohler, F.; Svejda, P., Excess properties of the mixture bis(2-dichlorethyl)ether (chlorex) + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (isooctane), Monatsh. Chem., 1987, 118, 1-18. [all data]

Tanaka, 1987
Tanaka, R., Excess heat capacities for mixture of benzene with n-heptane at 293.15, 298.15 and 303.15 K, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1987, 32, 176-177. [all data]

Naziev, Bashirov, et al., 1986
Naziev, Ya.M.; Bashirov, M.M.; Badalov, Yu.A., Experimental device for measurement of isobaric specific heat of electrolytes at elevated pressures, Inzh-Fiz. Zhur., 1986, 51(5), 789-795. [all data]

Reddy, 1986
Reddy, K.S., Isentropic compressibilities of binary liquid mixtures at 303.15 and 313.15 K, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1986, 31, 238-240. [all data]

Ogawa and Murakami, 1985
Ogawa, H.; Murakami, S., Flow microcalorimeter for heat capacities of solutions, Thermochim. Acta, 1985, 88, 255-260. [all data]

Tanaka, 1985
Tanaka, R., Excess heat capacities for mixtures of benzene with cyclopentane, methylcyclohexane, and cyclooctane at 298.15 K, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1985, 30, 267-269. [all data]

Gorbunova, Simonov, et al., 1983
Gorbunova, N.I.; Simonov, V.M.; Shipova, V.A., Thermodynamic properties of benzene, Teplofiz. Vys. Temp., 1983, 21(2), 270-275. [all data]

Gorbunova, Grigoriev, et al., 1982
Gorbunova, N.I.; Grigoriev, V.A.; Simonov, V.M.; Shipova, V.A., Heat capacity of liquid benzene and hexafluorobenzene at atmospheric pressure, Int. J. Thermophysics, 1982, 3, 1-15. [all data]

Grolier, Inglese, et al., 1982
Grolier, J.-P.E.; Inglese, A.; Wilhelm, E., Excess volumes and excess heat capacities of tetrachloroethene + cyclohexane, + methylcyclohexane, + benzene, and + toluene at 298.15 K, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1982, 14, 523-529. [all data]

Tanaka, 1982
Tanaka, R., Determination of excess heat capacities of (benzene + tetrachloromethane and + cyclohexane) between 293.15 and 303.15 K by use of a Picker flow calorimeter, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1982, 14, 259-268. [all data]

Wilhelm, Faradjzadeh, et al., 1982
Wilhelm, E.; Faradjzadeh, A.; Grolier, J.-P.E., Excess volumes and excess heat capacities of 2,3-dimethylbutane + butane and + toluene, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1982, 14, 1199-1200. [all data]

Atalla, El-Sharkawy, et al., 1981
Atalla, S.R.; El-Sharkawy, A.A.; Gasser, F.A., Measurement of thermal properties of liquids with an AC heated-wire technique, Inter. J. Thermophys., 1981, 2(2), 155-162. [all data]

Vesely, Zabransky, et al., 1979
Vesely, F.; Zabransky, M.; Svoboda, V.; Pick, J., The use of mixing calorimeter for measuring heat capacities of liquids, Coll. Czech. Chem. Commun., 1979, 44, 3529-3532. [all data]

Grolier, Wilhelm, et al., 1978
Grolier, J.-P.E.; Wilhelm, E.; Hamedi, M.H., Molar heat capacities and isothermal compressibility of binary liquid mixtures: carbon tetrachloride + benzene, carbon tetrachloride + cyclohexane and benzene + cyclohexane, Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem., 1978, 82, 1282-1290. [all data]

Vesely, Svoboda, et al., 1977
Vesely, F.; Svoboda, V.; Pick, J., Heat capacities of some organic liquids determined with the mixing calorimeter, 1st Czech. Conf. Calorimetry (Lect. Short Commun.), 1977, C9-1-C9-4. [all data]

Wilhelm, Grolier, et al., 1977
Wilhelm, E.; Grolier, J.-P.E.; Karbalai Ghassemi, M.H., Molar heat capacities of binary liquid mixtures: 1,2-dichloroethane + benzene, + toluene, and + p-xylene, Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem., 1977, 81, 925-930. [all data]

Fortier, Benson, et al., 1976
Fortier, J.-L.; Benson, G.C.; Picker, P., Heat capacities of some organic liquids determined with the Picker flow calorimeter, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1976, 8, 289-299. [all data]

Fortier and Benson, 1976
Fortier, J.-L.; Benson, G.C., Excess heat capacities of binary liquid mixtures determined with a Picker flow calorimeter, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1976, 8, 411-423. [all data]

Rajagopal and Subrahmanyam, 1974
Rajagopal, E.; Subrahmanyam, S.V., Excess function of VE,(dVE/dp)T, and CpE of isooctane + benzene and + toluene, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1974, 6, 873-876. [all data]

Deshpande and Bhatagadde, 1971
Deshpande, D.D.; Bhatagadde, L.G., Heat capacities at constant volume, free volumes, and rotational freedom in some liquids, Aust. J. Chem., 1971, 24, 1817-1822. [all data]

Hyder Khan and Subrahmanyam, 1971
Hyder Khan, V.; Subrahmanyam, S.V., Excess thermodynamic functions of the systems: benzene + p-xylene and benzene + p-dioxan, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1971, 67, 2282-2291. [all data]

Subrahmanyam and Khan, 1969
Subrahmanyam, S.V.; Khan, V.H., Thermodynamics of the system benzene - p-dioxane, Curr. Sci., 1969, 38, 510-511. [all data]

Recko, 1968
Recko, W.M., Excess heat capacity of the binary systems formed by n-propyl alcohol with benzene, mesitylene and cyclohexane, Bull. Acad. Pol. Sci. Ser. Sci. Chim., 1968, 16, 549-552. [all data]

Pacor, 1967
Pacor, P., Applicability of the DuPont 900 DTA apparatus in quantitative differential thermal analysis, Anal. Chim. Acta, 1967, 37, 200-208. [all data]

Rastorguev and Ganiev, 1967
Rastorguev, Yu.L.; Ganiev, Yu.A., Study of the heat capacity of selected solvents, Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Neft Gaz. 10, 1967, No.1, 79-82. [all data]

Findenegg, Gruber, et al., 1965
Findenegg, G.H.; Gruber, K.; Pereira, J.F.; Kohler, F., Kalorimetrische Messungen an Mischungen von Nichtelektrolyten, 1. Mitt.: Molwarme des Systems 1,2-Dibromathan-Benzol, Monatsh. Chem., 1965, 96, 669-678. [all data]

Rabinovich and Nikolaev, 1962
Rabinovich, I.B.; Nikolaev, P.N., Isotopic effect in the specific heat of some deutero compounds, Dokl. Akad. Nauk, 1962, SSSR 142, 1335-1338. [all data]

Swietoslawski and Zielenkiewicz, 1960
Swietoslawski, W.; Zielenkiewicz, A., Mean specific heat in homologous series of binary and ternary positive azeotropes, Bull. Acad. Pol. Sci. Ser. Sci. Chim., 1960, 8, 651-653. [all data]

Duff and Everett, 1956
Duff, G.M.; Everett, D.H., The heat capacity of the system benzene + diphenylmethane, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1956, 52, 753-763. [all data]

Staveley, Tupman, et al., 1955
Staveley, L.A.K.; Tupman, W.I.; Hart, K.R., Some thermodynamice properties of the systems benzene + ethylene dichloride, benzene + carbon tetrachloride, acetone + chloroform, and acetone + carbon disulphide, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1955, 51, 323-342. [all data]

Sieg, Crtzen, et al., 1951
Sieg, L.; Crtzen, J.L.; Jost, W., Zur Thermodynamik von Mischphasen IX. Über das Verdampfungsgleichgewicht Benzol-1-2-Dichloraethan, Z. Phys. Chem., 1951, 198, 263-269. [all data]

Tschamler, 1948
Tschamler, H., Uber binare flussige Mischungen I. Mischungswarment, Volumseffekte und Zustandsdiagramme von chlorex mit benzol und n-alkylbenzolen, Monatsh. Chem., 1948, 79, 162-177. [all data]

Kurbatov, 1947
Kurbatov, V.Ya., Specific heat of liquids. I. Specific heat of benzenoid hydrocarbons, Zhur. Obshch. Khim., 1947, 17, 1999-2003. [all data]

Zhdanov, 1941
Zhdanov, A.K., Specific heats of some liquids and azeotropic mixtures, Zhur. Obshch. Khim., 1941, 11, 471-482. [all data]

Burlew, 1940
Burlew, J.S., Measurement of the heat capacity of a small volume of liquid by the piezo-thermometric method. III. Heat capacity of benzene and of toluene from 8°C. to the boiling point, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1940, 62, 696-700. [all data]

Kolosovskii and Udovenko, 1934
Kolosovskii, N.A.; Udovenko, W.W., Specific heat of liquids. II., Zhur. Obshchei Khim., 1934, 4, 1027-1033. [all data]

de Kolossowsky and Udowenko, 1933
de Kolossowsky, N.A.; Udowenko, W.W., Mesure des chaleurs specifique moleculaires de quelques liquides, Compt. rend., 1933, 197, 519-520. [all data]

Ferguson and Miller, 1933
Ferguson, A.; Miller, J.T., A method for the determination of the specific heats of liquids, and a determination of the specific heats of aniline and benzene over the approximate range 20°C to 50°C, Proc. Phys. Soc. London, 1933, 45, 194-207. [all data]

Richards and Wallace, 1932
Richards, W.T.; Wallace, J.H., Jr., The specific heats of five organic liquids from their adiabatic temperature-pressure coefficients, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1932, 54, 2705-2713. [all data]

Fiock, Ginnings, et al., 1931
Fiock, E.F.; Ginnings, D.C.; Holton, W.B., Calorimetric determinations of thermal properties of methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, and benzene, J. Res., 1931, NBS 6, 881-900. [all data]

Andrews, Lynn, et al., 1926
Andrews, D.H.; Lynn, G.; Johnston, J., The heat capacities and heat of crystallization of some isomeric aromatic compounds, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1926, 48, 1274-1287. [all data]

Williams and Daniels, 1925
Williams, J.W.; Daniels, F., The specific heats of binary mixtures, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1925, 47, 1490-1503. [all data]

Willams and Daniels, 1924
Willams, J.W.; Daniels, F., The specific heats of certain organic liquids at elevated temperatures, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1924, 46, 903-917. [all data]

Dejardin, 1919
Dejardin, G., Pressions maxima des vapeurs du benzene et du cyclohexane aux temperatures moyennes et calcul de leurs chaleurs specifiques principales, Ann. phys. [9], 1919, 11, 253-291. [all data]

von Reis, 1881
von Reis, M.A., Die specifische Wärme flüssiger organischer Verbindungen und ihre Beziehung zu deren Moleculargewicht, Ann. Physik [3], 1881, 13, 447-464. [all data]

Aoyama and Kanda, 1935
Aoyama, S.; Kanda, E., Studies on the heat capacities at low temperature. Report I. Heat capacities of some organic substances at low temperature, Sci. Rept. Tohoku Imp. Univ. [1]24, 1935, 107-115. [all data]

Maass and Walbauer, 1925
Maass, O.; Walbauer, L.J., The specific heats and latent heats of fusion of ice and of several organic compounds, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1925, 47, 1-9. [all data]

Kruif, 1980
Kruif, C.G., Enthalpies of sublimation and vapour pressures of 11 polycyclic hydrocarbons, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1980, 12, 243-248. [all data]

Majer and Svoboda, 1985
Majer, V.; Svoboda, V., Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300. [all data]

Lubomska, Banas, et al., 2002
Lubomska, Monika; Banas, Agnieszka; Malanowski, Stanislaw K., Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium in Binary Systems Formed by Allyl Alcohol with Benzene and with Cyclohexane, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 2002, 47, 6, 1466-1471, https://doi.org/10.1021/je025540l . [all data]

Liu and Dickhut, 1994
Liu, Kewen; Dickhut, Rebecca M., Saturation vapor pressures and thermodynamic properties of benzene and selected chlorinated benzenes at environmental temperatures, Chemosphere, 1994, 29, 3, 581-589, https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(94)90445-6 . [all data]

Ambrose, Ewing, et al., 1990
Ambrose, D.; Ewing, M.B.; Ghiassee, N.B.; Sanchez Ochoa, J.C., The ebulliometric method of vapour-pressure measurement: vapour pressures of benzene, hexafluorobenzene, and naphthalene, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 1990, 22, 6, 589-605, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(90)90151-F . [all data]

Dong, Lin, et al., 1988
Dong, Jin-Quan; Lin, Rui-Sen; Yen, Wen-Hsing, Heats of vaporization and gaseous molar heat capacities of ethanol and the binary mixture of ethanol and benzene, Can. J. Chem., 1988, 66, 4, 783-790, https://doi.org/10.1139/v88-136 . [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Natarajan, 1983
Natarajan, G., High-temperature calorimeter for the measurement of vapor pressure and enthalpy of vaporization, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 1983, 54, 9, 1175, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1137545 . [all data]

Tsonopoulos and Wilson, 1983
Tsonopoulos, Constantine; Wilson, G.M., High-temperature mutual solubilities of hydrocarbons and water. Part I: Benzene, cyclohexane andn-hexane, AIChE J., 1983, 29, 6, 990-999, https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.690290618 . [all data]

Rao and Viswanath, 1977
Rao, Yaddanapudi J.; Viswanath, Dabir S., Integral isobaric heats of vaporization of benzene-chloroethane systems, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1977, 22, 1, 36-38, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60072a011 . [all data]

Svoboda, Veselý, et al., 1973
Svoboda, V.; Veselý, F.; Holub, R.; Pick, J., Enthalpy data of liquids. II. The dependence of heats of vaporization of methanol, propanol, butanol, cyclohexane, cyclohexene, and benzene on temperature, Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun., 1973, 38, 12, 3539-3543, https://doi.org/10.1135/cccc19733539 . [all data]

Mita, Imai, et al., 1971
Mita, Itaru; Imai, Isao; Kambe, Hirotaro, Determination of heat of mixing and heat of vaporization with a differential scanning calorimeter, Thermochimica Acta, 1971, 2, 4, 337-344, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(71)85035-9 . [all data]

Forziati, Norris, et al., 1949
Forziati, Alphonse F.; Norris, William R.; Rossini, Frederick D., Vapor pressures and boiling points of sixty API-NBS hydrocarbons, J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN., 1949, 43, 6, 555-17, https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.043.050 . [all data]

Yarym-Agaev, Fedos'ev, et al., 1949
Yarym-Agaev, N.L.; Fedos'ev, N.N.; Skorikov, K.G., Zh. Fiz. Khim., 1949, 11, 1257. [all data]

Thomson, 1946
Thomson, George Wm., The Antoine Equation for Vapor-pressure Data., Chem. Rev., 1946, 38, 1, 1-39, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60119a001 . [all data]

Scott and Brickwedde, 1945
Scott, R.B.; Brickwedde, F.G., Thermodynamic properties of solid and liquid ethylbenzene from 0 to 300 degrees K, J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN., 1945, 35, 6, 501-17, https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.035.024 . [all data]

Willingham, Taylor, et al., 1945
Willingham, C.B.; Taylor, W.J.; Pignocco, J.M.; Rossini, F.D., Vapor pressures and boiling points of some paraffin, alkylcyclopentane, alkylcyclohexane, and alkylbenzene hydrocarbons, J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN., 1945, 35, 3, 219-17, https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.035.009 . [all data]

Smith, 1941
Smith, E.R., Boiling points of benzene, 2,2,3-trimethylbutane, 3-ethylpentane, and 2,2,4,4-tetramethylpentane within the range 100 to 1,500 millimeters of mercury, J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN., 1941, 26, 2, 129-17, https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.026.004 . [all data]

Stuckey and Saylor, 1940
Stuckey, James M.; Saylor, John H., The Vapor Pressures of Some Organic Compounds. I. ¹, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1940, 62, 11, 2922-2925, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01868a011 . [all data]

Eon, Pommier, et al., 1971
Eon, C.; Pommier, C.; Guiochon, G., Vapor pressures and second virial coefficients of some five-membered heterocyclic derivatives, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1971, 16, 4, 408-410, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60051a008 . [all data]

Deshpande and Pandya, 1967
Deshpande, D.D.; Pandya, M.V., Thermodynamics of Binary Solutions. Part 2. Vapour Pressures and Excess Free Energies of Aniline Solutions, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1967, 63, 2149-2157, https://doi.org/10.1039/tf9676302149 . [all data]

Kalafati, Rasskazov, et al., 1967
Kalafati, D.D.; Rasskazov, D.S.; Petrov, E.K., Experimental Determination of a Dependence of a Saturated Vapor Pressure of Benzene on Temperature, Zh. Fiz. Khim., 1967, 41, 1357-1359. [all data]

Williamham, Taylor, et al., 1945
Williamham, C.B.; Taylor, W.J.; Pignocco, J.M.; Rossini, F.D., Vapor Pressures and Boiling Points of Some Paraffin, Alkylcyclopentane, Alkylcyclohexane, and Alkylbenzene Hydrocarbons, J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), 1945, 35, 3, 219-244, https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.035.009 . [all data]

Ha, Morrison, et al., 1976
Ha, H.; Morrison, J.A.; Richards, E.L., Vapour pressures of solid benzene, cyclohexane and their mixtures, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1, 1976, 72, 0, 1051, https://doi.org/10.1039/f19767201051 . [all data]

Hessler, 1984
Hessler, W., Wiss. Zeitschr. Wilhelm-Pieck-Univ. Rostock, Naturwiss. Reihe, 1984, 33, 9. [all data]

De Kruif and Van Ginkel, 1977
De Kruif, C.G.; Van Ginkel, C.H.D., Torsion-weighing effusion vapour-pressure measurements on organic compounds, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 1977, 9, 8, 725-730, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(77)90015-5 . [all data]

Jackowski, 1974
Jackowski, A.W., Vapour pressures of solid benzene and of solid cyclohexane, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 1974, 6, 1, 49-52, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(74)90205-5 . [all data]

Jones, 1960
Jones, A.H., Sublimation Pressure Data for Organic Compounds., J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1960, 5, 2, 196-200, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60006a019 . [all data]

Milazzo, 1956
Milazzo, G., Ann. Chim. (Rome), 1956, 46, 1105. [all data]

Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R., Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022 . [all data]

Wolf and Weghofer, 1938
Wolf, K.L.; Weghofer, H., Uber sublimationswarmen, Z. Phys. Chem., 1938, 39, 194-208. [all data]

de Boer, 1936
de Boer, J.H., The influence of van der Waals' forces and primary bonds on binding energy, strength and orientation, with special reference to some artificial resins, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1936, 32, 10, https://doi.org/10.1039/tf9363200010 . [all data]

Mündel, 1913
Mündel, C.F., Z. Phys. Chem., Stoechiom. Verwandtschaftsl., 1913, 85, 435. [all data]

Ziegler and Andrews, 1942
Ziegler, W.T.; Andrews, D.H., The heat capacity of benzene-d6, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1942, 64, 2482-2485. [all data]

Domalski and Hearing, 1996
Domalski, Eugene S.; Hearing, Elizabeth D., Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase. Volume III, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1996, 25, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555985 . [all data]

Smith, 1979
Smith, G.W., Phase behavior of some linear polyphenyls, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 1979, 49, 207-209. [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  Cp,liquid	Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid
  Cp,solid	Constant pressure heat capacity of solid
  Pc	Critical pressure
  S°liquid	Entropy of liquid at standard conditions
  S°solid,1 bar	Entropy of solid at standard conditions (1 bar)
  Tboil	Boiling point
  Tc	Critical temperature
  Tfus	Fusion (melting) point
  Ttriple	Triple point temperature
  Vc	Critical volume
  ΔcH°liquid	Enthalpy of combustion of liquid at standard conditions
  ΔfH°liquid	Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions
  ΔfusH	Enthalpy of fusion
  ΔfusS	Entropy of fusion
  ΔsubH	Enthalpy of sublimation
  ΔsubH°	Enthalpy of sublimation at standard conditions
  ΔvapH	Enthalpy of vaporization
  ΔvapH°	Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions
  ρc	Critical density

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
• The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
• Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.