Ethylene

• Formula: C₂H₄
• Molecular weight: 28.0532
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C2H4/c1-2/h1-2H2 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 74-85-1
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Isotopologues:
  • (Z)-Ethylene-1,2-d2
• Other names: Ethene; Acetene; Bicarburretted hydrogen; Elayl; Olefiant gas; C2H4; Athylen; Liquid ethyene; UN 1038; UN 1962
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Reaction thermochemistry data (reactions 1 to 50)
  • Henry's Law data
  • Ion clustering data
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data: reactions 51 to 54
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • UV/Visible spectrum
  • Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
  • Gas Chromatography
  • Fluid Properties
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Microwave spectra (on physics lab web site)
  • Electron-Impact Ionization Cross Sections (on physics web site)
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
• Options:
  • Switch to calorie-based units

Data at NIST subscription sites:

• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, "lite" edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)
• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, professional edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)

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Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Henry's Law data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
MS - José A. Martinho Simões
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Reactions 1 to 50

C₂H₃^- +  =

By formula: C₂H₃^- + H⁺ = C₂H₄

C₇H₄CrO₅ (g) = C₅CrO₅ (g) +  (g)

By formula: C₇H₄CrO₅ (g) = C₅CrO₅ (g) + C₂H₄ (g)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Ag⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Ag⁺ • C₂H₄)

Free energy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: H₄N⁺ + C₂H₄ = (H₄N⁺ • C₂H₄)

Free energy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Co⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Co⁺ • C₂H₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

=  + 

By formula: C₂H₅Cl = C₂H₄ + HCl

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Cr⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Cr⁺ • C₂H₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Ni⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Ni⁺ • C₂H₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Cu⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Cu⁺ • C₂H₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Sc⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Sc⁺ • C₂H₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: La⁺ + C₂H₄ = (La⁺ • C₂H₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Y⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Y⁺ • C₂H₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Ti⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Ti⁺ • C₂H₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: V⁺ + C₂H₄ = (V⁺ • C₂H₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Fe⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Fe⁺ • C₂H₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

 +  =

By formula: C₂H₄ + Br₂ = C₂H₄Br₂

 +  =

By formula: C₂H₄ + I₂ = C₂H₄I₂

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Ag⁺ • C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = (Ag⁺ • 2C₂H₄)

 +  =

By formula: H₂ + C₂H₄ = C₂H₆

=  + 

By formula: C₂H₅Br = HBr + C₂H₄

C₃H₉Si⁺ +  = (C₃H₉Si⁺ • )

By formula: C₃H₉Si⁺ + C₂H₄ = (C₃H₉Si⁺ • C₂H₄)

C₂H₄⁺ +  = (C₂H₄⁺ • )

By formula: C₂H₄⁺ + C₂H₄ = (C₂H₄⁺ • C₂H₄)

C₆H₄FeO₄ (l) = 4 (g) +  (cr) +  (g)

By formula: C₆H₄FeO₄ (l) = 4CO (g) + Fe (cr) + C₂H₄ (g)

=  + 

By formula: C₈H₁₂ = C₆H₈ + C₂H₄

 +  = ( • )

By formula: F^- + C₂H₄ = (F^- • C₂H₄)

Rh⁺ +  = (Rh⁺ • )

By formula: Rh⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Rh⁺ • C₂H₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

C₇H₉Cl₂NPd (solution) +  (l) = (PdCl₂(C₅H₅N)₂) (solution) +  (solution)

By formula: C₇H₉Cl₂NPd (solution) + C₄H₄N₂ (l) = (PdCl₂(C₅H₅N)₂) (solution) + C₂H₄ (solution)

 (solution) +  (solution) = C₁₃H₁₉O₂Rh (solution) + 2 (solution)

By formula: C₉H₁₅O₂Rh (solution) + C₈H₁₂ (solution) = C₁₃H₁₉O₂Rh (solution) + 2C₂H₄ (solution)

 (g) + C₂H₃BrMg (solution) =  (solution) + Br₂Mg (solution)

By formula: HBr (g) + C₂H₃BrMg (solution) = C₂H₄ (solution) + Br₂Mg (solution)

C₆HCrO₆⁺ +  = (C₆HCrO₆⁺ • )

By formula: C₆HCrO₆⁺ + C₂H₄ = (C₆HCrO₆⁺ • C₂H₄)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Al⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Al⁺ • C₂H₄)

(CAS Reg. No. 25013-41-6 • 4294967295) +  = CAS Reg. No. 25013-41-6

By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 25013-41-6 • 4294967295C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = CAS Reg. No. 25013-41-6

 +  =  + 

By formula: H₂ + C₂H₃Cl = C₂H₄ + HCl

 +  =

By formula: C₂H₄ + Cl₂ = C₂H₄Cl₂

=  +  + 

By formula: C₂H₄ClI = I + Cl + C₂H₄

(C₂H₄⁺ • ) +  = (C₂H₄⁺ • 2)

By formula: (C₂H₄⁺ • C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = (C₂H₄⁺ • 2C₂H₄)

C₁₂H₁₄Mo (cr) +  (cr) = C₁₀H₁₀I₂Mo (cr) +  (g)

By formula: C₁₂H₁₄Mo (cr) + I₂ (cr) = C₁₀H₁₀I₂Mo (cr) + C₂H₄ (g)

 (cr) + 2 (g) =  (cr) + 2 (g)

By formula: C₉H₁₅O₂Rh (cr) + 2CO (g) = C₇H₇O₄Rh (cr) + 2C₂H₄ (g)

C₉H₁₅IrO₂ (cr) + 2 (g) = C₇H₇IrO₄ (cr) + 2 (g)

By formula: C₉H₁₅IrO₂ (cr) + 2CO (g) = C₇H₇IrO₄ (cr) + 2C₂H₄ (g)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Fe⁺ • C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = (Fe⁺ • 2C₂H₄)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Cr⁺ • C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = (Cr⁺ • 2C₂H₄)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Mn⁺ • C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = (Mn⁺ • 2C₂H₄)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (V⁺ • C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = (V⁺ • 2C₂H₄)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Ni⁺ • C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = (Ni⁺ • 2C₂H₄)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Co⁺ • C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = (Co⁺ • 2C₂H₄)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Cu⁺ • C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = (Cu⁺ • 2C₂H₄)

=  + 

By formula: C₇H₁₀ = C₅H₆ + C₂H₄

2 =

By formula: 2C₂H₄ = C₄H₈

=  + 

By formula: C₂H₄I₂ = C₂H₄ + I₂

 +  =

By formula: C₄H₈ + C₂H₄ = C₆H₁₂

Henry's Law data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Rolf Sander

Henry's Law constant (water solution)

k_H(T) = k°_H exp(d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) ((1/T) - 1/(298.15 K)))
k°_H = Henry's law constant for solubility in water at 298.15 K (mol/(kg*bar))
d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) = Temperature dependence constant (K)

Ion clustering data

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar
B - John E. Bartmess

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Ag⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Ag⁺ • C₂H₄)

Free energy of reaction

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Ag⁺ • C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = (Ag⁺ • 2C₂H₄)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Al⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Al⁺ • C₂H₄)

C₂H₄⁺ +  = (C₂H₄⁺ • )

By formula: C₂H₄⁺ + C₂H₄ = (C₂H₄⁺ • C₂H₄)

(C₂H₄⁺ • ) +  = (C₂H₄⁺ • 2)

By formula: (C₂H₄⁺ • C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = (C₂H₄⁺ • 2C₂H₄)

C₃H₅⁺ +  = (C₃H₅⁺ • )

By formula: C₃H₅⁺ + C₂H₄ = (C₃H₅⁺ • C₂H₄)

C₃H₉Si⁺ +  = (C₃H₉Si⁺ • )

By formula: C₃H₉Si⁺ + C₂H₄ = (C₃H₉Si⁺ • C₂H₄)

C₄H₇⁺ +  = (C₄H₇⁺ • )

By formula: C₄H₇⁺ + C₂H₄ = (C₄H₇⁺ • C₂H₄)

C₆HCrO₆⁺ +  = (C₆HCrO₆⁺ • )

By formula: C₆HCrO₆⁺ + C₂H₄ = (C₆HCrO₆⁺ • C₂H₄)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Co⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Co⁺ • C₂H₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Co⁺ • C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = (Co⁺ • 2C₂H₄)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Cr⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Cr⁺ • C₂H₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Cr⁺ • C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = (Cr⁺ • 2C₂H₄)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Cu⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Cu⁺ • C₂H₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Cu⁺ • C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = (Cu⁺ • 2C₂H₄)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: F^- + C₂H₄ = (F^- • C₂H₄)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Fe⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Fe⁺ • C₂H₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Fe⁺ • C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = (Fe⁺ • 2C₂H₄)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: H₄N⁺ + C₂H₄ = (H₄N⁺ • C₂H₄)

Free energy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: La⁺ + C₂H₄ = (La⁺ • C₂H₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Mn⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Mn⁺ • C₂H₄)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Mn⁺ • C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = (Mn⁺ • 2C₂H₄)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Na⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Na⁺ • C₂H₄)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Ni⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Ni⁺ • C₂H₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Ni⁺ • C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = (Ni⁺ • 2C₂H₄)

Rh⁺ +  = (Rh⁺ • )

By formula: Rh⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Rh⁺ • C₂H₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Sc⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Sc⁺ • C₂H₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Ti⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Ti⁺ • C₂H₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: V⁺ + C₂H₄ = (V⁺ • C₂H₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (V⁺ • C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = (V⁺ • 2C₂H₄)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Y⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Y⁺ • C₂H₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

References

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Ion clustering data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Ervin, Gronert, et al., 1990
Ervin, K.M.; Gronert, S.; Barlow, S.E.; Gilles, M.K.; Harrison, A.G.; Bierbaum, V.M.; DePuy, C.H.; Lin, W.C., Bonds Strengths of Ethylene and Acetylene, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1990, 112, 15, 5750, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00171a013 . [all data]

DePuy, Gronert, et al., 1989
DePuy, C.H.; Gronert, S.; Barlow, S.E.; Bierbaum, V.M.; Damrauer, R., The Gas Phase Acidities of the Alkanes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1989, 111, 6, 1968, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00188a003 . [all data]

Peerboom, Rademaker, et al., 1992
Peerboom, R.A.L.; Rademaker, G.J.; Dekoning, L.J.; Nibbering, N.M.M., Stabilization of Cycloalkyl Carbanions in the Gas Phase, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 1992, 6, 6, 394, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290060608 . [all data]

Froelicher, Freiser, et al., 1986
Froelicher, S.W.; Freiser, B.S.; Squires, R.R., The C₃H₅^- isomers. Experimental and theoretical studies of the tautomeric propenyl ions and the cyclopropyl anion in the gas phase, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1986, 108, 2853. [all data]

McNamara, Becher, et al., 1994
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Wells, House, et al., 1994
Wells, J.R.; House, P.G.; Weitz, E., J. Phys. Chem., 1994, 98, 8343. [all data]

Guo and Castleman, 1991
Guo, B.C.; Castleman, A.W., The Bonding Strength of Ag+(C2H4) and Ag+(C2H4)2 Complexes, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1991, 181, 1, 16, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(91)90214-T . [all data]

Deakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985
Deakyne, C.A.; Meot-Ner (Mautner), M., Unconventional Ionic Hydrogen Bonds. 2. NH+ pi. Complexes of Onium Ions with Olefins and Benzene Derivatives, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1985, 107, 2, 474, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00288a034 . [all data]

Sievers, Jarvis, et al., 1998
Sievers, M.R.; Jarvis, L.M.; Armentrout, P.B., Transition Metal Ethene Bonds: Thermochemistry of M+(C2H4)n (M=Ti-Cu, n=1 and 2) Complexes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1998, 120, 8, 1891, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja973834z . [all data]

Armentrout and Kickel, 1994
Armentrout, P.B.; Kickel, B.L., Gas Phase Thermochemistry of Transition Metal Ligand Systems: Reassessment of Values and Periodic Trends, in Organometallic Ion Chemistry, B. S. Freiser, ed, 1994. [all data]

Haynes and Armentrout, 1994
Haynes, C.L.; Armentrout, P.B., Thermochemistry and Structures of CoC3H6+: Metallacyclic and Metal-Alkene Isomers, Organomettalics, 1994, 13, 9, 3480, https://doi.org/10.1021/om00021a022 . [all data]

Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979
Levanova, s.V.; Bushneva, I.I.; Rodova, R.M.; Rozhnov, A.M.; Treger, Yu.A.; Aprelkin, A.S., Thermodynamic stability of chloroethanes in dehydrochlorination reactions, J. Appl. Chem. USSR, 1979, 52, 1439-1442. [all data]

Howlett, 1955
Howlett, K.E., The use of equilibrium constants to calculate thermodynamic quantities. Part II, J. Chem. Soc., 1955, 1784-17. [all data]

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Lane, M.R.; Linnett, J.W.; Oswin, H.G., A study of the C₂H₄+HCl=C₂H₅Cl and C2H4+Hbr=C2H5Br equilibria, Proc. Roy. Soc. London A, 1953, 216, 361-374. [all data]

Ranashinge and Freiser, 1992
Ranashinge, Y.A.; Freiser, B.S., Gas-Phase Photodissociation of MC2H2+ (M = Sc, Y, La). Determination of D0(M+ - C2H2), Chem. Phys. Let., 1992, 200, 1-2, 135, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(92)87058-W . [all data]

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Conn, J.B.; Kistiakowsky, G.B.; Smith, E.A., Heats of organic reactions. VII. Addition of halogens to olefins, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1938, 60, 2764-2771. [all data]

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Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]

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Abrams, A.; Davis, T.W., Use of radioactive iodine to determine equilibrium constants in ethylene-iodine-1,2-diiodoethane systems, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1954, 76, 5993-59. [all data]

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Cutherbertson, G.R.; Kistiakowsky, G.B., The thermal equilibrium between ethylene iodide, ethylene and iodine, J. Chem. Phys., 1935, 3, 631-634. [all data]

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Kistiakowsky, G.B.; Romeyn, H., Jr.; Ruhoff, J.R.; Smith, H.A.; Vaughan, W.E., Heats of organic reactions. I. The apparatus and the heat of hydrogenation of ethylene, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1935, 57, 65-75. [all data]

Li and Stone, 1989
Li, X.; Stone, J.A., Determination of the beta silicon effect from a mass spectrometric study of the association of trimethylsilylium ion with alkenes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1989, 111, 15, 5586, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00197a013 . [all data]

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Ono, Y.; Linn, S.H.; Tzeng, W.-B.; Ng, C.Y., A Study of the Unimolecular Decomposition of the (C2H4)2+ Complex, J. Chem. Phys., 1984, 80, 4, 1482, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.446897 . [all data]

Ceyer, Tiedemann, et al., 1979
Ceyer, S.T.; Tiedemann, P.W.; Ng, C.Y.; Mahan, B.H.; Lee, Y.T., Photoionization of Ethylene Clusters, J. Chem. Phys., 1979, 70, 5, 2138, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.437758 . [all data]

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Huybrechts, G.; Rigaux, D.; Vankeerberghen, J.; Van Mele, B., Kinetics of the Diels-Alder addition of ethene to cyclohexa-1,3-diene and its reverse reaction in the gas phase, Int. J. Chem. Kinet., 1980, 12, 253-259. [all data]

Van Mele, Boon, et al., 1986
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Notes

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Ion clustering data, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  T	Temperature
  d(ln(kH))/d(1/T)	Temperature dependence parameter for Henry's Law constant
  k°H	Henry's Law constant at 298.15K
  ΔrG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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