Urea

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Condensed phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfsolid-333.11 ± 0.69kJ/molCcbKabo, Miroshnichenko, et al., 1990see Simirsky, Kabo, et al., 1987; ALS
Δfsolid-320.2 ± 2.0kJ/molCcbContineanu, Wagner, et al., 1982ALS
Δfsolid-333.39 ± 0.17kJ/molCcbJohnson, 1975ALS
Δfsolid-333.3 ± 0.2kJ/molCcbHuffman, 1940ALS
Δfsolid-323.6kJ/molCcbSchmidt and Becker, 1933ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δcsolid-635. ± 8.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 8 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
solid,1 bar104.26J/mol*KN/AAndersson, Matsuo, et al., 1993DH
solid,1 bar104.93J/mol*KN/AKozyro, Dalidovich, et al., 1986DH
solid,1 bar105.4J/mol*KN/AParks, Huffman, et al., 1933Extrapolation below 90 K, 33.18 J/mol*K.; DH
solid,1 bar172.J/mol*KN/AGibson, Latimer, et al., 1920Extrapolation below 86 K, no details.; DH

Constant pressure heat capacity of solid

Cp,solid (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
92.79298.15Andersson, Matsuo, et al., 1993T = 15 to 310 K.; DH
94.0304.7Gambino and Bros, 1988T = 303 to 413 K.; DH
93.08298.15Kozyro, Dalidovich, et al., 1986T = 5 to 400 K. Cp = 38.43 + 4.98x10-2T + 7.05x10-4T2 - 8.61x10-7T3 (240 to 400 K).; DH
90.0298.15Sasaki and Yokotake, 1966T = 90 to 298 K.; DH
93.14298.15Ruehrwein and Huffman, 1946T = 19 to 318 K.; DH
68.6293.Campbell and Campbell, 1940DH
93.64298.0Parks, Huffman, et al., 1933T = 93 to 298 K. Value is unsmoothed experimental datum.; DH
115.5298.0Gibson, Latimer, et al., 1920T = 86 to 300 K. Value is unsmoothed experimental datum.; DH

IR Spectrum

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Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

Data compiled by: Timothy J. Johnson, Tanya L. Myers, Yin-Fong Su, Russell G. Tonkyn, Molly Rose K. Kelly-Gorham, and Tyler O. Danby


Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Mass spectrum
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Additional Data

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Owner NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin Japan AIST/NIMC Database- Spectrum MS-NW-6843
NIST MS number 229591

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UV/Visible spectrum

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Victor Talrose, Alexander N. Yermakov, Alexy A. Usov, Antonina A. Goncharova, Axlexander N. Leskin, Natalia A. Messineva, Natalia V. Trusova, Margarita V. Efimkina

Spectrum

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UVVis spectrum
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Additional Data

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Source Klotz and Askounts, 1947
Owner INEP CP RAS, NIST OSRD
Collection (C) 2007 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin INSTITUTE OF ENERGY PROBLEMS OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS, RAS
Source reference RAS UV No. 9317
Instrument Beckman quartz spectrophotometer
Melting point 132.7
Boiling point dec

References

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Kabo, Miroshnichenko, et al., 1990
Kabo, G.Ya.; Miroshnichenko, E.A.; Frenkel, M.L.; Kozyro, A.A.; Simirskii, V.V.; Krasulin, A.P.; Vorob'eva, V.P.; Lebedev, Yu.A., Thermochemistry of urea alkyl derivatives, Bull. Acad. Sci. USSR, Div. Chem. Sci., 1990, 662-667. [all data]

Simirsky, Kabo, et al., 1987
Simirsky, V.V.; Kabo, G.J.; Frenkel, M.L., Additivity of the enthalpies of formation of urea derivatives in the crystalline state, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1987, 19, 1121-1127. [all data]

Contineanu, Wagner, et al., 1982
Contineanu, I.; Wagner, L.; Stanescu, L.; Marchidan, D.I., Combustion and formation enthalpies of o-phenylenediamine, urea and 2-benzimidazolone, Rev. Roum. Chim., 1982, 27, 205-209. [all data]

Johnson, 1975
Johnson, W.H., The enthalpies of combustion and formation of acetanilide and urea, J. Res. NBS, 1975, 79, 487-491. [all data]

Huffman, 1940
Huffman, H.M., Thermal Data. XII. The heats of combustion of urea and guanidine carbonate and their standard free energies of formation, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1940, 62, 1009-1011. [all data]

Schmidt and Becker, 1933
Schmidt, V.A.; Becker, F., Die Bildungswarme von Nitrocellulofen, Nitroglycerin und anderen widuigen Beltandteilen von Treibmitteln, Z. Gesamte Schiess Sprengstoffwes., 1933, 33, 280-282. [all data]

Andersson, Matsuo, et al., 1993
Andersson, O.; Matsuo, T.; Suga, H.; Ferloni, P., Low-temperature heat capacity of urea, Int. J. Thermophys., 1993, 14(1), 149-158. [all data]

Kozyro, Dalidovich, et al., 1986
Kozyro, A.A.; Dalidovich, S.V.; Krasulin, A.P., Heat capacity, enthalpy of fusion, and thermodynamic properties of urea, Zhur. Prikl. Khim. (Leningrad), 1986, 59, 1456-1459. [all data]

Parks, Huffman, et al., 1933
Parks, G.S.; Huffman, H.M.; Barmore, M., Thermal data on organic compounds. XI. The heat capacities, entropies and free energies of ten compounds containing oxygen or nitrogen. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1933, 55, 2733-2740. [all data]

Gibson, Latimer, et al., 1920
Gibson, G.E.; Latimer, W.M.; Parks, G.S., Entropy changes at low temperatures. I. Formic acid and urea. A test of the third law of thermodynamics, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1920, 42, 1533-1542. [all data]

Gambino and Bros, 1988
Gambino, M.; Bros, J.P., Capacite calorifique de l'uree et de quelques melanges eutectiques a base d'uree entre 30 et 140°C, Thermochim. Acta, 1988, 127, 223-236. [all data]

Sasaki and Yokotake, 1966
Sasaki, K.; Yokotake, T., Thermodynamic properties of the products in SO3-NH3 reaction. II. Specific heats of sulfamide and ammonium sulfamate, Tokyo Kogyo Shikenshi Hokohu, 1966, 61, 309-314. [all data]

Ruehrwein and Huffman, 1946
Ruehrwein, R.A.; Huffman, H.M., Thermal data. XIX. The heat capacity, entropy and free energy of urea, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1946, 68, 1759-1761. [all data]

Campbell and Campbell, 1940
Campbell, A.N.; Campbell, A.J.R., The heats of solution, heats of formation, specific heats and equilibrium diagrams of certain molecular compounds. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1940, 62, 291-297. [all data]

Klotz and Askounts, 1947
Klotz, I.M.; Askounts, T., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1947, 69, 801. [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, References