Carbon monoxide

• Formula: CO
• Molecular weight: 28.0101
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/CO/c1-2 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 630-08-0
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Other names: Carbon oxide (CO); CO; Exhaust gas; Flue gas; Carbonic oxide; Carbon oxide; Carbone (oxyde de); Carbonio (ossido di); Kohlenmonoxid; Kohlenoxyd; Koolmonoxyde; NA 9202; Oxyde de carbone; UN 1016; Wegla tlenek; Carbon monooxide
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• Information on this page:
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • Constants of diatomic molecules
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data: reactions 1 to 50, reactions 51 to 100, reactions 101 to 150, reactions 151 to 200, reactions 201 to 249
  • Henry's Law data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Ion clustering data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Fluid Properties
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Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Constants of diatomic molecules, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Additional Data

Constants of diatomic molecules

Go To: Top, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Klaus P. Huber and Gerhard H. Herzberg

Data collected through October, 1976

Notes

References

Go To: Top, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Constants of diatomic molecules, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Nakamura, Morioka, et al., 1971
Nakamura; Morioka; Hayaishi; Ishiguro; Sasanuma, 3rd International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics - Paper 1pA1-6, Tokyo, 1971, 0. [all data]

Lee, Carlson, et al., 1973
Lee, L.C.; Carlson, R.W.; Judge, D.L.; Ogawa, M., The absorption cross sections of N₂, O₂, CO, NO, CO₂, N₂O, CH₄, C₂H₄, C₂H₆ and C₄H₁₀ from 180 to 700 Å, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1973, 13, 1023. [all data]

Watson, Stewart, et al., 1975
Watson, W.S.; Stewart, D.T.; Gardner, A.B.; Lynch, M.J., The photoabsorption coefficients of CO and CO₂ in the region 350 to 650Å, Planet. Space Sci., 1975, 23, 384. [all data]

Wight, van der Wiel, et al., 1976
Wight, G.R.; van der Wiel, M.J.; Brion, C.E., Dipole excitation, ionization and fragmentation of N₂ and CO in the 10-60 eV region, J. Phys. B:, 1976, 9, 675. [all data]

Asbrink, Fridh, et al., 1974
Asbrink, L.; Fridh, C.; Lindholm, E.; Codling, K., Photoelectron spectrum and Rydberg transitions of CO, Phys. Scr., 1974, 10, 183. [all data]

Codling and Potts, 1974
Codling, K.; Potts, A.W., Corrigendum: The absorption spectrum of carbon monoxide near 550 Å [Ref.: J. Phys. B:, 1974, Vol. 1, 163-169], J. Phys. B:, 1974, 7, 314. [all data]

Ogawa and Ogawa, 1974
Ogawa, S.; Ogawa, M., Absorption spectrum of CO in the Hopfield helium continuum region. Rydberg bands converging to the X²Σ⁺ state of CO⁺ in the region 960-1080 Å, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1974, 49, 454. [all data]

Tanaka, 1942
Tanaka, Y., CO absorption spectra in the extreme ultra-violet, Sci. Pap. Inst. Phys. Chem. Res. Jpn., 1942, 39, 447. [all data]

Henning, 1932
Henning, H.J., Die absorptionsspektren von kohlendioxyd, kohlenmonoxyd und wasserdampf im gebiet von 600-900 ÅE, Ann. Phys. (Leipzig), 1932, 13, 599. [all data]

Lindholm, 1969
Lindholm, E., Rydberg series in small molecules. II. Rydberg series in CO, Ark. Fys., 1969, 40, 103. [all data]

Tilford and Simmons, 1974
Tilford, S.G.; Simmons, J.D., Reexamination of the vacuum ultraviolet emission spectrum of CO in the 950-1200 A region, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1974, 53, 436. [all data]

Hopfield and Birge, 1927
Hopfield, J.J.; Birge, R.T., Ultra-violet absorption and emission spectra of carbon monoxide, Phys. Rev., 1927, 29, 922. [all data]

Tschulanovsky, 1939
Tschulanovsky, V.M., Two new electron levels of the molecule of CO, J. Phys. (USSR), 1939, 1, 341. [all data]

Kepa, Knot-Wisniewska, et al., 1975
Kepa, R.; Knot-Wisniewska, M.; Rytel, M., The E¹Π-A¹Π system of ¹²C¹⁶O molecule - the rotational analysis, Acta Phys. Pol. A, 1975, 48, 819. [all data]

Schmid and Gero, 1935
Schmid, R.; Gero, L., Uber die B¹Σ→A¹Π- und C¹Σ→A¹Π-banden des kohlenoxyds, Z. Phys., 1935, 93, 656. [all data]

Tilford and Vanderslice, 1968
Tilford, S.G.; Vanderslice, J.T., High resolution vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectra of the B¹Σ⁺-X¹Σ⁺, C¹Σ⁺-X¹Σ⁺, and j³Σ⁺-X¹Σ⁺ transitions in carbon monoxide, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1968, 26, 419. [all data]

Aarts and de Heer, 1970
Aarts, J.F.M.; de Heer, F.J., Emission of radiation in the vacuum ultraviolet by impact of electrons on carbon monoxide, J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 52, 5354. [all data]

Kaplan, 1930
Kaplan, J., A new system of bands in carbon monoxide, Phys. Rev., 1930, 35, 1298. [all data]

Dieke and Mauchly, 1933
Dieke, G.H.; Mauchly, J.W., The structure of the third positive group of CO bands, Phys. Rev., 1933, 43, 12. [all data]

Gero, 1936
Gero, L., Rotationsanalyse der (1,0)b³Σ → a³Π CO-bande, Z. Phys., 1936, 101, 311. [all data]

Beer, 1937
Beer, B.S., Rotationsanalyse der 0→4-, 0→5-, 1→4- und 1→5- banden des III. pos. CO-systems, Z. Phys., 1937, 107, 73. [all data]

Schmid and Gero, 1937
Schmid, R.; Gero, L., Structure of a new system of CO bands, Nature (London), 1937, 140, 508. [all data]

Simmons and Tilford, 1971
Simmons, J.D.; Tilford, S.G., New absorption bands and isotopic studies of known transitions in CO, J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand. Sect. A, 1971, 75, 455. [all data]

Tilford and Simmons, 1972
Tilford, S.G.; Simmons, J.D., Atlas of the observed absorption spectrum of carbon monoxide between 1060 and 1900 Å, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1972, 1, 147. [all data]

Barrow, 1961
Barrow, R.F., Triplet bands of carbon monoxide: the system e³Σ - a³Π, Nature (London), 1961, 189, 480. [all data]

Gero and Szabo, 1939
Gero, L.; Szabo, F., Uber die struktur der triplettbanden (d³Π→a³Π) des kohlenoxyds, Ann. Phys. (Leipzig), 1939, 35, 597. [all data]

Carroll, 1962
Carroll, P.K., Structure of the triplet bands of CO, J. Chem. Phys., 1962, 36, 2861. [all data]

Slanger and Black, 1970
Slanger, T.G.; Black, G., The perturbation spectrum of CO, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1970, 4, 558. [all data]

Herzberg, Hugo, et al., 1970
Herzberg, G.; Hugo, T.J.; Tilford, S.G.; Simmons, J.D., Rotational analysis of the forbidden d³Δ_i ← X¹Σ⁺ absorption bands of carbon monoxide, Can. J. Phys., 1970, 48, 3004. [all data]

Asundi, 1929
Asundi, R.K., The third positive carbon and associated bands, Proc. R. Soc. London A, 1929, 124, 277. [all data]

Gero and Lorinezi, 1939
Gero, L.; Lorinezi, K., Rotationsanalyse der a'³Σ⁺ → a³Π-CO-Banden, Z. Phys., 1939, 113, 449. [all data]

Field, Tilford, et al., 1972
Field, R.W.; Tilford, S.G.; Howard, R.A.; Simmons, J.D., Fine structure and perturbation analysis of the a³Π state of CO, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1972, 44, 347. [all data]

Bouanich, Levy, et al., 1967
Bouanich, J.-P.; Levy, A.; Haeusler, C., Spectre de vibration-rotation de l'oxyde de carbone CO. Etude de la bande v_0→3, C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. B, 1967, 264, 944. [all data]

Bouanich, Levy, et al., 1968
Bouanich, J.-P.; Levy, A.; Haeusler, C., Constantes moleculaires de l'oxyde de carbone, J. Phys. (Paris), 1968, 29, 641. [all data]

Bouanich and Brodbeck, 1974
Bouanich, J.-P.; Brodbeck, C., Etalonnage et deplacement des raies de vibration-rotation des bandes 0 → 2 et 0 → 3 de l'oxyde de carbone, Rev. Phys. Appl., 1974, 9, 475. [all data]

Mantz and Maillard, 1974
Mantz, A.W.; Maillard, J.-P., Emission spectra with a high resolution Fourier transform spectrometer: CO spectra and their astrophysical importance, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1974, 53, 466. [all data]

Rank, Skorinko, et al., 1960
Rank, D.H.; Skorinko, G.; Eastman, D.P.; Wiggins, T.A., Highly precise wavelengths in the infrared, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1960, 4, 518. [all data]

Rao, Humphreys, et al., 1966
Rao, K.N.; Humphreys, C.J.; Rank, D.H., Wavelength standards in the infrared, Academic Press, New York, 1966, 0. [all data]

Loewenstein, 1960
Loewenstein, E.V., Interferometric spectra of ammonia and carbon monoxide in the far infrared, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 1960, 50, 1163. [all data]

Rosenblum, Nethercot, et al., 1958
Rosenblum, B.; Nethercot, A.H., Jr.; Townes, C.H., Isotopic mass ratios, magnetic moments and the sign of the electric dipole moment in carbon monoxide, Phys. Rev., 1958, 109, 400. [all data]

Helminger, De Lucia, et al., 1970
Helminger, P.; De Lucia, F.C.; Gordy, W., Extension of microwave absorption spectroscopy to 0.37-mm wavelength, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1970, 25, 1397. [all data]

Lovas and Krupenie, 1974
Lovas, F.J.; Krupenie, P.H., Microwave spectra of molecules of astrophysical interest. VII. Carbon monoxide, carbon monosulfide, and silicon monoxide, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1974, 3, 245. [all data]

Muenter, 1975
Muenter, J.S., Electric dipole moment of carbon monoxide, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1975, 55, 490. [all data]

Ozier, Yi, et al., 1967
Ozier, I.; Yi, P.; Khosla, A.; Ramsey, N.F., Sign and magnitude of the rotational moment of ¹²C¹⁶O, J. Chem. Phys., 1967, 46, 1530. [all data]

Ozier, Crapo, et al., 1968
Ozier, I.; Crapo, L.M.; Ramsey, N.F., Spin rotation constant and rotational magnetic moment of ¹³C¹⁶O, J. Chem. Phys., 1968, 49, 2314. [all data]

van der Wiel, El-Sherbini, et al., 1970
van der Wiel, M.J.; El-Sherbini, Th.M.; Brion, C.E., K shell excitation of nitrogen and carbon monoxide by electron impact, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1970, 7, 161. [all data]

Lee, Carlson, et al., 1975
Lee, L.C.; Carlson, R.W.; Judge, D.L.; Ogawa, M., Vacuum ultraviolet fluorescence from photodissociation fragments of CO and CO₂, J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 63, 3987. [all data]

Locht and Durer, 1975
Locht, R.; Durer, J.M., New predissociations of CO and CO⁺ induced by low energy electron impact, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1975, 34, 508. [all data]

Krupenie and Benesch, 1968
Krupenie, P.H.; Benesch, W., Electronic transition moment integrals for first ionization of CO and the A-X transition in Co⁺. Some limitations on the use of the r-centroid approximation, J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand. Sect. A, 1968, 72, 495. [all data]

Nicholls, 1968
Nicholls, R.W., Franck-Condon factors for ionizing transitions of O₂, CO, NO and H₂ and for the NO⁺(A¹-Σx¹Σ) band system, J. Phys. B:, 1968, 1, 1192. [all data]

Turner and May, 1966
Turner, D.W.; May, D.P., Franck-Condon factors in ionization: experimental measurement using molecular photoelectron spectroscopy, J. Chem. Phys., 1966, 45, 471. [all data]

Comes and Speier, 1971
Comes, F.J.; Speier, F., Luminescence of diatomic molecular ions. I. Franck-Condon-factors and collisional deactivation, Z. Naturforsch. A, 1971, 26, 1998. [all data]

Gardner and Samson, 1974
Gardner, J.L.; Samson, J.A.R., Experimental vibrational intensity distributions for continuum photoionization to the X²Σ⁺, A²Π, and B²Σ⁺ states of CO⁺ and N₂⁺, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 60, 3711. [all data]

Judge and Lee, 1972
Judge, D.L.; Lee, L.C., Electronic transition moments for the A → X, B → X, and B → A transitions in CO⁺ and the A ← B and B ← X moments for the CO → CO⁺ systems; absolute cross sections for the absorption processes, J. Chem. Phys., 1972, 57, 455. [all data]

Samson and Gardner, 1976
Samson, J.A.R.; Gardner, J.L., Partial photoionization cross-sections and branching ratios of CO from 750 to 304 Å, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1976, 8, 35. [all data]

Ogawa and Ogawa, 1972
Ogawa, M.; Ogawa, S., Absorption spectrum of CO in the Hopfield helium continuum region, 600-1020 A, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1972, 41, 393. [all data]

Carbonneau and Marmet, 1973
Carbonneau, R.; Marmet, P., Negative and neutral autoionizing states detected in the electroionization curve in CO, Can. J. Phys., 1973, 51, 2202. [all data]

Cook, Metzger, et al., 1965
Cook, G.R.; Metzger, P.H.; Ogawa, M., Photoionization and absorption coefficients of CO in the 600 to 1000 A region, Can. J. Phys., 1965, 43, 1706. [all data]

Takamine, Tanaka, et al., 1943
Takamine, T.; Tanaka, Y.; Iwata, M., On the first ionization potential of CO, Sci. Papers Inst. Phys. Chem. Res. Jpn., 1943, 40, 371. [all data]

Jevons, 1932
Jevons, W., Report on band-spectra of diatomic molecules, Pub. The Physical Society, The University Press, London, 1932, 0. [all data]

Simmons and Tilford, 1974
Simmons, J.D.; Tilford, S.G., Evidence for an accidental predissociation of CO, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1974, 49, 167. [all data]

Lassettre and Skerbele, 1971
Lassettre, E.N.; Skerbele, A., Absolute generalized oscillator strengths for four electronic transitions in carbon monoxide, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 54, 1597. [all data]

Fisher and Dalby, 1976
Fisher, N.J.; Dalby, F.W., On the dipole moments of excited singlet states of carbon monoxide, Can. J. Phys., 1976, 54, 258. [all data]

Hesser, 1968
Hesser, J.E., Absolute Transition Probabilities in Ultraviolet Molecular Spectra, J. Chem. Phys., 1968, 48, 6, 2518, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1669477 . [all data]

Dotchin and Chupp, 1973
Dotchin, L.W.; Chupp, E.L., Radiative lifetimes and pressure dependence of the relaxation rates of some vibronic levels in N₂⁺, N₂, CO⁺, and CO, J. Chem. Phys., 1973, 59, 3960. [all data]

Kepa, 1969
Kepa, R., Note on the Herzberg system of the isotopic CO molecules, Acta Phys. Pol., 1969, 36, 1109. [all data]

Asundi, Dhumwad, et al., 1970
Asundi, R.K.; Dhumwad, R.K.; Patwardhan, A.B., Isotope shift studies of Herzberg bands of CO and comet-tail and Baldet-Johnson bands of CO⁺, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1970, 34, 528. [all data]

Swanson, Celotta, et al., 1975
Swanson, N.; Celotta, R.J.; Kuyatt, C.E.; Cooper, J.W., Resonant structure in electron impact excitation of CO near threshold, J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 62, 4880. [all data]

Douglas and Moller, 1955
Douglas, A.E.; Moller, C.K., Predissociations of the C¹²O and C¹³O molecules, Can. J. Phys., 1955, 33, 125. [all data]

Imhof, Read, et al., 1972
Imhof, R.E.; Read, F.H.; Beckett, S.T., Determination of the transition moment of the B¹Σ⁺-x¹Σ⁺ transition in CO, J. Phys. B:, 1972, 5, 896. [all data]

Rogers and Anderson, 1970
Rogers, J.; Anderson, R., Radiative lifetime of the B¹Σ⁺ state of CO, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 1970, 60, 278. [all data]

Kepa and Rytel, 1970
Kepa, R.; Rytel, M., On the angstrom bands of ¹²C¹⁶O, Acta Phys. Pol., 1970, 37, 585. [all data]

Janjic, Pesic, et al., 1969
Janjic, F.D.; Pesic, D.S.; Jankovic, D.S., The angstrom band system of the ¹²C¹⁸O molecule, Bull. Soc. Chim. Beograd., 1969, 34, 301. [all data]

Gero, 1935
Gero, L., Storung und pradissoziation im b³Σ-term des CO-bandenspektrums, Z. Phys., 1935, 95, 747. [all data]

Schmid and Gero, 1935, 2
Schmid, R.; Gero, L., Zur struktur der 5 B-banden des CO-spektrums, Z. Phys., 1935, 96, 198. [all data]

Stepanov, 1940
Stepanov, B.I., On the calculation of constants of the level b³Σ in molecule CO, J. Phys. (USSR), 1940, 2, 197. [all data]

Barrow, Gratzer, et al., 1956
Barrow, R.F.; Gratzer, W.B.; Malherbe, J.F., Intensities of bands in the system b³Σ⁺-a³Π of carbon monoxide, Proc. Phys. Soc. London Sect. A, 1956, 69, 574. [all data]

Rogers and Anderson, 1970, 2
Rogers, J.; Anderson, R., Radiative lifetime of the b³Σ⁺ state of CO, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1970, 10, 515. [all data]

Smith, Imhof, et al., 1973
Smith, A.J.; Imhof, R.E.; Read, F.H., Measured lifetimes of the two vibrational levels of the b³Σ⁺ state of CO, J. Phys. B:, 1973, 6, 1333. [all data]

Gero, 1938
Gero, L., Rotationsanalyse von a'³Σ⁺ → a³Π-banden des CO, Z. Phys., 1938, 109, 216. [all data]

Field, 1971
Field, R.W., Thesis, Harvard University, Massachusetts, 1971, 0. [all data]

Simmons, Bass, et al., 1969
Simmons, J.D.; Bass, A.M.; Tilford, S.G., The fourth positive system of carbon monoxide observed in absorption at high resolution in the vacuum ultraviolet region, Astrophys. J., 1969, 155, 345. [all data]

Field, Wicke, et al., 1972
Field, R.W.; Wicke, B.G.; Simmons, J.D.; Tilford, S.G., Analysis of perturbations in the a³Π and A¹Π states of CO, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1972, 44, 383. [all data]

Imhof and Read, 1971
Imhof, R.E.; Read, F.H., Measured lifetimes of the first seven vibrational levels of the A¹Π state of CO, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1971, 11, 326. [all data]

Burnham, Isler, et al., 1972
Burnham, R.L.; Isler, R.C.; Wells, W.C., Zero-field level-crossing spectroscopy of the A¹Π state of carbon monoxide, Phys. Rev. A: Gen. Phys., 1972, 6, 1327. [all data]

Chervenak and Anderson, 1971
Chervenak, J.G.; Anderson, R.A., Radiative lifetime of the A¹Π state of CO, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 1971, 61, 952. [all data]

Mumma, Stone, et al., 1971
Mumma, M.J.; Stone, E.J.; Zipf, E.C., Excitation of the CO fourth positive band system by electron impact on carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 54, 2627. [all data]

Pilling, Bass, et al., 1971
Pilling, M.J.; Bass, A.M.; Braun, W., A curve of growth determination of the f-values for the fourth positive system of CO and the Lyman-Birge-Hopfield system of N₂, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1971, 11, 1593. [all data]

Vargin, Pasynkova, et al., 1973
Vargin, A.N.; Pasynkova, L.M.; Trekhov, E.S., Measurement of |R_e|² for the 4⁺ system of CO, J. Appl. Spectrosc. Engl. Transl., 1973, 13, 1340, In original 662. [all data]

Halmann and Laulicht, 1966
Halmann, M.; Laulicht, I., Isotope effects on vibrational transition probabilities. IV. Electronic transitions of isotopic C₂, CO, CN, H₂, and CH molecules, Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 1966, 12, 307. [all data]

Shimauchi, 1976
Shimauchi, M., Franck-Condon factors and r-centroids for the A¹Π-X¹Σ systems of CO and NO⁺, Sci. Light (Tokyo), 1976, 25, 1. [all data]

Shvangiradze, Oganezov, et al., 1960
Shvangiradze, R.R.; Oganezov, K.A.; Chikhladze, B.Ya., Isotopic band shifts in the electronic-vibrational spectra of some diatomic molecules, Opt. Spectrosc. Engl. Transl., 1960, 8, 239. [all data]

Rytel and Siwiec, 1973
Rytel, M.; Siwiec, T., Perturbations in the spectra of CO isotopic molecules. I. Partial analysis of e³Σ^- - A¹Π perturbations, Acta Phys. Pol., 1973, 44, 67. [all data]

Field and Lefebvre-Brion, 1974
Field, R.W.; Lefebvre-Brion, H., On the effective spin-spin constants of some states of diatomic molecules. Application to the CO molecule, Acta Phys. Acad. Sci. Hung., 1974, 35, 51. [all data]

Slanger and Black, 1976
Slanger, T.G.; Black, G., Relative electronic transition moments for the e³Σ^--a³Π Herman system of CO, J. Chem. Phys., 1976, 64, 219. [all data]

Slanger and Black, 1972
Slanger, T.G.; Black, G., Relative electronic transition moments for the triplet system (d³Δ → a³Π) of CO, J. Phys. B:, 1972, 5, 1988. [all data]

Kovacs and Toros, 1965
Kovacs, I.; Toros, R., The intensity distribution of the triplet bands of the CO molecule, Acta Phys. Hung., 1965, 18, 101. [all data]

Slanger and Black, 1973
Slanger, T.G.; Black, G., Relaxation processes in excited CO states. I. Spin multiplet relaxation and radiative lifetimes of CO(d³Δ)_v=5, J. Chem. Phys., 1973, 58, 194. [all data]

Sink, Lefebvre-Brion, et al., 1975
Sink, M.L.; Lefebvre-Brion, H.; Hall, J.A., Ab initio calculations of the effective spin-spin constants of the ³Σ excited states of the N₂ and CO molecules, J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 62, 1802. [all data]

Wicke, Field, et al., 1972
Wicke, B.G.; Field, R.W.; Klemperer, W., Fine structure, dipole moment, and perturbation analysis of a³Π CO, J. Chem. Phys., 1972, 56, 5758. [all data]

Wicke, Klemperer, et al., 1975
Wicke, B.G.; Klemperer, W.; Field, R., Lambda doublings and electric dipole moments of v = 6 and 7 a³Π carbon monoxide, J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 62, 3544. [all data]

Hartfuss and Schmillen, 1968
Hartfuss, H.J.; Schmillen, A., Uber das Abklingen der ersten positiven Gruppe des N₂ und der Asundi-Banden des CO, Z. Naturforsch. A, 1968, 23, 722. [all data]

Stern, Gammon, et al., 1970
Stern, R.C.; Gammon, R.H.; Lesk, M.E.; Freund, R.S.; Klemperer, W.A., Fine structure and dipole moment of metastable a³Π carbon monoxide, J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 52, 3467. [all data]

Gammon, Stern, et al., 1971
Gammon, R.H.; Stern, R.C.; Klemperer, W., Molecular-beam electric-resonance spectroscopy of the a³Π (v = 4)-a'³Σ⁺ (v' = O) perturbation in CO, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 54, 2151. [all data]

Freund and Klemperer, 1965
Freund, R.S.; Klemperer, W., Radio-frequency spectrum of the a³Π state of carbon monoxide, J. Chem. Phys., 1965, 43, 2422. [all data]

Gammon, Stern, et al., 1971, 2
Gammon, R.H.; Stern, R.C.; Lesk, M.E.; Wicke, B.G.; Klemperer, W., Metastable a ³Π ¹³CO: molecular-beam electric-resonance measurements of the fine structure, hyperfine structure, and dipole moment, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 54, 2136. [all data]

Wicke and Klemperer, 1975
Wicke, B.G.; Klemperer, W., On the experimentally determined dipole moment function of CO a³Π, Mol. Phys., 1975, 30, 1021. [all data]

Wicke and Klemperer, 1975, 2
Wicke, B.G.; Klemperer, W., Experimental dipole moment function and calculated radiative lifetimes for vibrational transitions in carbon monoxide a³Π, J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 63, 3756. [all data]

Johnson, 1972
Johnson, C.E., Lifetime of CO(a³Π) following electron impact dissociation of CO₂, J. Chem. Phys., 1972, 57, 576. [all data]

Lawrence, 1971
Lawrence, G.M., Quenching and radiation rates of CO (a³Π), Chem. Phys. Lett., 1971, 9, 575. [all data]

Wauchop and Broida, 1972
Wauchop, T.S.; Broida, H.P., Lifetime and quenching of CO(a³Π) produced by recombination of CO₂ ions in a helium afterglow, J. Chem. Phys., 1972, 56, 330. [all data]

James, 1971
James, T.C., Transition moments, Franck-Condon factors, and lifetimes of forbidden transitions. Calculation of the intensity of the Cameron system of CO, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 55, 4118. [all data]

Mantz and Maillard, 1975
Mantz, A.W.; Maillard, J.P., Ground state molecular constants of ¹²C¹⁶O, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1975, 57, 155. [all data]

Mantz, Watson, et al., 1971
Mantz, A.W.; Watson, J.K.G.; Rao, K.N.; Albritton, D.L.; Schmeltekopf, A.L.; Zare, R.N., Rydberg-Klein-Rees potential for the X¹Σ⁺ state of the CO molecule, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1971, 39, 180. [all data]

Dickinson, 1972
Dickinson, A.S., A new method for evaluating Rydberg-Klein-Rees intergrals, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1972, 44, 183. [all data]

Fleming and Rao, 1972
Fleming, H.E.; Rao, K.N., A simple numerical evaluation of the Rydberg-Klein-Rees integrals: application to X¹Σ⁺ state of ¹²C¹⁶O, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1972, 44, 189. [all data]

Bunker, 1970
Bunker, P.R., The effect of the breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation on the determination of B_e and ω_e for a diatomic molecule, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1970, 35, 306-313. [all data]

Bunker, 1972
Bunker, P.R., On the breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation for a diatomic molecule, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1972, 5, 478. [all data]

Watson, 1973
Watson, J.K.G., The isotope dependence of the equilibrium rotational constants in ¹Σ states of diatomic molecules, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1973, 45, 99. [all data]

Schwartz and Thrush, 1969
Schwartz, S.E.; Thrush, B.A., Energies of vibrational levels 22 to 33 of carbon monoxide X¹Σ_g⁺, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1969, 32, 343. [all data]

Mantz, Nichols, et al., 1970
Mantz, A.W.; Nichols, E.R.; Alpert, B.D.; Rao, K.N., CO laser spectra studied with a 10-meter vacuum infrared grating spectrograph, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1970, 35, 325. [all data]

Yardley, 1970
Yardley, J.T., Laser action in highly-excited vibrational levels of CO, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1970, 35, 314. [all data]

Kildal, Eng, et al., 1974
Kildal, H.; Eng, R.S.; Ross, A.H.M., Heterodyne measurements of ¹²C¹⁶O laser frequencies and improved Dunham coefficients, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1974, 53, 479. [all data]

Millikan, 1963
Millikan, R.C., Vibrational fluorescence of carbon monoxide, J. Chem. Phys., 1963, 38, 2855. [all data]

McCaa and Williams, 1964
McCaa, D.J.; Williams, D., Infrared fluorescence of carbon monoxide, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 1964, 54, 326. [all data]

Dowling, 1969
Dowling, J.M., Line widths in the pure rotational spectrum of carbon monoxide, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1969, 9, 1613. [all data]

Sanderson, Scott, et al., 1971
Sanderson, R.B.; Scott, H.E.; White, J.T., Strengths and widths of the pure rotational lines of CO, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1971, 38, 252. [all data]

Buontempo, Cunsolo, et al., 1973
Buontempo, U.; Cunsolo, S.; Jacucci, G., Electric quadrupole moment of CO and molecular torque in liquid Ar and N₂ from ir spectra, J. Chem. Phys., 1973, 59, 3750. [all data]

Billingsley and Krauss, 1974
Billingsley, F.P., II; Krauss, M., Quadrupole moment of CO, N₂, and NO⁺, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 60, 2767. [all data]

Toth, Hunt, et al., 1969
Toth, R.A.; Hunt, R.H.; Plyler, E.K., Line intensities in the 3-0 of the CO and dipole moment matrix elements for the CO molecule, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1969, 32, 85. [all data]

Siegbahn, Nordling, et al., 1969
Siegbahn, K.; Nordling, C.; Johansson, G.; Hedman, J.; Heden, P.F.; Hamrin, k.; Gelius, U.; Bergmark, T.; Werme, L.O.; Manne, R.; Baer, ESCA Applied to Free Molecules, North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1969, 0. [all data]

Thomas, 1970
Thomas, T.D., X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of carbon monoxide, J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 53, 1744. [all data]

Smith and Thomas, 1976
Smith, S.R.; Thomas, T.D., Core ionization potentials in carbon monoxide, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1976, 8, 45. [all data]

Wells, Borst, et al., 1973
Wells, W.C.; Borst, W.L.; Zipf, E.C., Excitation of higher-lying metastable states in carbon monoxide by electron impact: cross-section and lifetime measurements, Phys. Rev. A: Gen. Phys., 1973, 8, 2463. [all data]

Johns, McKellar, et al., 1974
Johns, J.W.C.; McKellar, A.R.W.; Weitz, D., Wavelength measurements of ¹³C¹⁶O laser transitions, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1974, 51, 539. [all data]

Chen, Rao, et al., 1976
Chen, D.-W.; Rao, K.N.; McDowell, R.S., Fundamental and overtone bands of isotopic species of carbon monoxide, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1976, 61, 71. [all data]

Young and Eachus, 1966
Young, L.A.; Eachus, W.J., Dipole moment function and vibration-rotation matrix elements for CO, J. Chem. Phys., 1966, 44, 4195. [all data]

Moskalenko and Mirumyants, 1971
Moskalenko, N.I.; Mirumyants, S.O., Measurement of the integral intensities of infrared absorption bands of H₂O, CO₂, N₂O, CO, CH₄, and NO vapor in the temperature range 220-400°K, Sov. Phys. J. Engl. Transl., 1971, 6, 721, In original 7. [all data]

Roux, Effantin, et al., 1972
Roux, F.; Effantin, C.; D'Incan, J., Forces d'oscillateur absolues de rotation dans les transitions 2-0, 3-1, 4-2, 5-3, du spectre de vibration-rotation de la molecule CO, deduites de mesures d'intensites en emission, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1972, 12, 97-106. [all data]

Billingsley and Krauss, 1974, 2
Billingsley, F.P., II; Krauss, M., Multiconfiguration self-consistent-field calculation of the dipole moment function of CO(X¹Σ⁺), J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 60, 4130. [all data]

Bouanich and Brodbeck, 1974, 2
Bouanich, J.-P.; Brodbeck, C., Moments de transition vibrationnelle des molecules diatomiques. Intensite des raies rovibrationnelles des bandes 0 → 2 et 0 → 3 et fonction dipolaire de CO, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1974, 14, 1199. [all data]

Varanasi and Sarangi, 1975
Varanasi, P.; Sarangi, S., Measurements of intensities and nitrogen-broadened linewidths in the CO fundamental at low temperatures, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1975, 15, 473. [all data]

Tipping, 1976
Tipping, R.H., Vibration-rotation intensities for "hot" bands, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1976, 61, 272-281. [all data]

Weisbach and Chackerian, 1973
Weisbach, M.F.; Chackerian, C., Jr., Linewidths and transition probabilities for the carbon monoxide laser lines, J. Chem. Phys., 1973, 59, 4272. [all data]

Hunt, Toth, et al., 1968
Hunt, R.H.; Toth, R.A.; Plyler, E.K., High-resolution determination of the widths of self-broadened lines of carbon monoxide, J. Chem. Phys., 1968, 49, 3909. [all data]

Hoover and Williams, 1969
Hoover, G.M.; Williams, D., Infrared absorptance of carbon monoxide at low temperatures, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 1969, 59, 28. [all data]

Bouanich, Larvor, et al., 1969
Bouanich, P.; Larvor, M.; Haeusler, C., Etude des raies de vibration-rotation de la bande v_0→3 de l'oxyde de carbone CO comprime, C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. B, 1969, 269, 1238. [all data]

Varanasi, 1975
Varanasi, P., Measurement of line widths of CO of planetary interest at low temperatures, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1975, 15, 191. [all data]

Moskalenko, 1975
Moskalenko, N.I., Measurement of intensities and halfwidths of spectral absorption lines of the fundamental 0-1 band of CO, Opt. Spectrosc. Engl. Transl., 1975, 38, 382, In original 676. [all data]

Notes

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